CN114914494A - Durability control method and device for fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Durability control method and device for fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a durability control method and device for a fuel cell stack, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problem that the durability of the stack cannot be adjusted on line in real time in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: s1, after a starting-up instruction is received, connecting an air inlet of the galvanic pile with a durable air regulation and control device. The durable air regulating device includes an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, and a distribution valve. The first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile; s2, heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature, and starting the oxygen separation device to supply air; s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; s4, adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the pressure of the empty side of the electric pile to be equalPReaching a set value; s5, waiting for setting timetThereafter, the distribution is adjustedOpening of the valve to normally operate the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a durability control method and device for a fuel cell stack.
Background
A fuel cell system is a device that continuously converts chemical energy in a continuously supplied fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. It usually contains the galvanic pile and the surrounding components of hydrogen, air, cooling equipment, etc. And the electric pile further comprises a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer, a gas diffusion layer, a bipolar plate and the like, and because the theoretical voltage of 1 sheet is 1.23V, the electric pile usually realizes high-power output through the parallel connection of hundreds of sheets.
At present, the fuel cell system is mainly applied to a hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile. The hydrogen energy fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile with wide development and application prospects, and has the advantages of short hydrogenation time, long driving range and the like.
The durability test of the existing fuel cell stack mostly uses special test equipment in a laboratory with a complex structure, a fuel pipeline and an oxidant pipeline are needed, a nitrogen pipeline is mostly arranged to introduce nitrogen in a nitrogen tank, and the durability of the stack cannot be adjusted on line in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a durability control method for a fuel cell stack, so as to solve the problem that the durability of the stack cannot be adjusted online in real time in the prior art.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a durability control method for a fuel cell stack, including the steps of:
s1, after receiving a starting-up instruction, connecting an air inlet of a galvanic pile with a durable air regulation and control device; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile;
s2, heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature, and starting the oxygen separation device to supply air;
s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile;
s4, adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the pressure of the empty side of the electric pile to be equalPReaching a set value;
s5, waiting for setting timetAfter that, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: a control method for maintaining the durability of fuel cell stack is provided, that is, before starting up the fuel cell stack, the air side of the stack is firstly evacuated and pressure-maintained. The air side of the pile only retains nitrogen before starting up, thereby avoiding the phenomena of oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting up process, resulting in the service life attenuation and effectively improving the integral use durability of the fuel cell system. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain the pressure of nitrogen on the air side of the pilePWhereinPGreater than atmospheric pressure, for example 140kPa, to avoid transient changes in pressure differential at start-up.
Based on the further improvement of the method, the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide materials.
Further, in step S4, the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure.
Further, the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durable air regulation and control device, which comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve; wherein, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through an air compressor, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the sealing valve in two ways, the other way is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the galvanic pile;
and S12, after receiving a starting-up instruction, connecting the galvanic pile into the durable air regulation and control device, and controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be closed.
Further, the step S2 further includes:
s21, heating the oxygen separation device;
s22, monitoring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device in real time, and introducing air into the oxygen separation device to separate nitrogen and oxygen when the ambient temperature reaches a set temperature corresponding to high separation efficiency.
Further, the step S5 further includes:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of oxygen in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening m of a distribution valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor so as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the stack entering gas always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, controlling the air compressor to start and work at the theoretical rotating speed after the timing time from the opening adjustment finishing moment of the pressure regulating valve reaches a set time t;
and S55, adjusting the opening of the distribution valve to a theoretical opening m, and synchronously introducing hydrogen so that the pressure P on the empty side of the galvanic pile is always equal to the pressure on the hydrogen side of the galvanic pile to normally operate the fuel cell system.
Further, the durable air conditioning device further comprises an air circulation device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the air circulation device is connected with an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, and the output end of the air circulation device is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile after being connected with the output end of the flow divider in parallel.
Further, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s6, after the pressure of the air tail gas discharged from the galvanic pile reaches a set pressure P, closing the pressure regulating valve, and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be opened and the second input end of the distribution valve to be closed;
s7, starting an air circulation device to introduce oxygen to the galvanic pile;
s8, acquiring atmospheric pressure outside the air circulation device, determining the ratio of all components of air, and determining the opening frequency of a sealing valve corresponding to the normal pressure of the gas pressure in a section from a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device to an input end of a distribution valve;
and S9, controlling the sealing valve to work at the opening frequency so as to continuously and continuously send the nitrogen out of the galvanic pile.
Further, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s10, whether the pressure regulating valve is opened or not is identified, if the pressure regulating valve is opened, the distribution valve is controlled to be opened to a set opening degree so as to supplement nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas to the electric pile, and otherwise, the first input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be opened, and the second input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed so as to supplement pure oxygen to the electric pile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the air regulation and control device and the air regulation and control method of the fuel cell system are improved, and power supply control and durability control of the galvanic pile are realized through the same set of equipment.
2. When the fuel cell system is started, the electric pile is firstly emptied, namely, only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile, so that the phenomena of hydrogen-oxygen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, the service life is reduced, and the integral use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
3. When the fuel cell system is started, the nitrogen pressure at the air side of the electric pile is higher than one atmospheric pressure, so that the transient pressure difference is avoided when the fuel cell system is started, and the service life of the fuel cell system is further effectively prolonged.
4. Through setting up oxygen separator, oxygen circulating device, the oxygen partial pressure when can effectively improve fuel cell system and use under the low oxygen environment, and then guarantee the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell system in whole use, guarantee the abundant burning of hydrogen and oxygen.
5. The method can be universally used in various working condition environments, and particularly can be applied to high-altitude, closed and other low-oxygen environments.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a durable air conditioning device for a fuel cell stack, including an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, and a controller; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile;
the controller is used for connecting an air inlet of the electric pile with the durable air regulation and control device after receiving a starting-up instruction; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve; the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen of the oxygen separation deviceThe second input end of the outlet is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the outlet is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile; and starting the oxygen separation device to supply gas after heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature; controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to ensure that the pressure of the empty side of the pile is increasedPReaching a set value; and, a time to be settThereafter, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system:
this summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the constitution of an air durability control apparatus according to the method of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the constitution of an air durability control apparatus according to the method of example 2;
fig. 4 shows a main control principle schematic diagram corresponding to the method of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
In one embodiment of the present invention, a durability control method for a fuel cell stack is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1, including the steps of:
s1, after receiving a starting-up instruction, connecting an air inlet of a galvanic pile with a durable air regulation and control device; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, and the composition and the connection relation of the durable air regulating device are shown in figure 2; it should be noted that other devices can be added to the durable air conditioning device according to the actual functional requirements, and those skilled in the art can understand that;
s2, heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature (namely, an efficient separation temperature which can be obtained through laboratory calibration and is different for different high-temperature oxygen permeation membranes), and starting the oxygen separation device to supply air;
s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile;
s4, adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the pressure of the empty side of the galvanic pilePReach a set value (greater than atmospheric pressure);
s5, waiting for setting timetAfter that, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
The method is applied to the starting process of the fuel cell system.
The structure of the existing oxygen separation apparatus can be referred to the prior patent publications CN201380039222.8, CN201920525750.9, CN202120461920.9 and the like.
The fuel cell system includes a stack, and an air control branch, a hydrogen control branch, and a coolant control branch, which can be referred to in patent CN202011171825.1, etc., and this embodiment is an improvement on the air control branch.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides a control method for maintaining the durability of the fuel cell stack, namely, before starting up the fuel cell stack, the air side of the stack is subjected to evacuation and pressure maintaining treatment. The air side of the pile only retains nitrogen before starting up, thereby avoiding the phenomena of oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting up process, resulting in the service life attenuation and effectively improving the integral use durability of the fuel cell system. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain the air side pressure of the stackPWhereinPGreater than atmospheric pressure, for example 140kPa, to avoid transient changes in pressure differential at start-up.
Example 2
The method is improved on the basis of the method in the embodiment 1, and the high-permeability membrane (high-temperature oxygen-permeable membrane) in the oxygen separation device is made of barium-containing perovskite oxide materials. The barium oxide nano particles precipitated on the surface of the barium-containing perovskite oxide have ultrahigh activity on oxygen activation, and the particles are active sites of oxygen exchange reaction, so that the barium oxide nano particles can be used for preparing high-temperature oxygen permeable membranes, realize high-efficiency separation of oxygen in air, and are suitable for fuel cell systems in various scenes.
The oxygen separation device is generally a gas device with a high-temperature oxygen permeation membrane, and the high-temperature oxygen permeation membrane is a membrane made of a novel material and can efficiently separate air into oxygen and nitrogen in a high-temperature environment, such as a barium-containing perovskite oxide high-permeability membrane at 700 ℃.
Preferably, in step S4, the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure, such as 140 kPa.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durable air regulation and control device, which comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve, and is shown in figure 3; wherein, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through an air compressor, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the sealing valve in two ways, the other way is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the galvanic pile;
and S12, after receiving a starting-up instruction, connecting the galvanic pile into the durable air regulation and control device, and controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be closed.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes:
s21, heating the oxygen separation device;
s22, monitoring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device in real time, and introducing air into the oxygen separation device to separate nitrogen and oxygen when the ambient temperature reaches a set temperature corresponding to high separation efficiency.
Preferably, the step S5 further includes:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of oxygen in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening degree of the distribution valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressormSo as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the gas entering the reactor always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, the timing time from the opening degree adjustment finishing time of the pressure regulating valve reaches the set timetThen, controlling the air compressor to start and work at the theoretical rotating speed;
s55, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to the theoretical opening degreemAnd simultaneously introducing hydrogen to ensure the pressure of the empty side of the electric pilePAlways equal to the hydrogen side pressure of the galvanic pile，To normally operate the fuel cell system.
The main control principle of the method is shown in fig. 4, but is not limited to what is contained in fig. 4.
The main components of the air comprise nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor, and the respective proportions are respectivelyM N2 ，M O2 ，M H2O 。
Preferably, in step S52, the theoretical rotation speed of the air compressor isVCan be obtained by the following formula
V=f（M N2 ，M O2 ，M H2O ，P，P 1 ）
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Pthe preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell is obtained by calibration, and can be 42 kPa for example;P 1 atmospheric pressure at the current moment;f() And obtaining the fitting function I through laboratory calibration.
Preferably, the theoretical opening degree of the distribution valve at the time of normal operation of the fuel cell systemmCan be obtained by the following formula
m=g（M N2 ，M O2 ，M H2O ，P，P 1 ，V）
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,g() And the second fitting function is obtained by laboratory calibration.
Preferably, the durable air conditioning device further comprises an air circulation device, as shown in fig. 3, but not limited to that described in fig. 3.
The input end of the air circulation device is connected with an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, and the output end of the air circulation device is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile after being connected with the output end of the flow divider in parallel.
Preferably, the durability control method further includes the steps of:
s6, when the pressure of the air tail gas discharged from the galvanic pile reaches the set pressurePThen, closing the pressure regulating valve, and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be opened and the second input end of the distribution valve to be closed;
s7, starting an air circulation device to introduce oxygen to the galvanic pile;
s8, acquiring atmospheric pressure outside the air circulation device, determining the ratio of all components of air, and determining the opening frequency of a sealing valve corresponding to the normal pressure of the gas pressure in a section from a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device to an input end of a distribution valve;
and S9, controlling the sealing valve to work at the opening frequency so as to continuously and continuously send the nitrogen out of the galvanic pile.
Preferably, the durability control method further comprises the steps of:
s10, whether the pressure regulating valve is opened or not is identified, if the pressure regulating valve is opened, the distribution valve is controlled to be opened to a set opening degree so as to supplement nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas to the electric pile, otherwise, the first input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be opened, and the second input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed so as to supplement pure oxygen to the electric pile.
In practice, the fuel cell system may adopt the air durability control apparatus of the present embodiment, or perform equipment adjustment according to functional requirements on the basis of the existing fuel cell system. The power supply control and the durability control of the fuel cell are realized by the same set of equipment, and the preparation and use cost is effectively saved.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the air regulation and control device and the air regulation and control method of the fuel cell system are improved, and the power supply control and the durability control of the cell stack are realized by the same set of equipment.
2. When the fuel cell system is started, the electric pile is firstly emptied, namely, only nitrogen is reserved on the air side of the electric pile, so that the phenomena of hydrogen-oxygen interface and the like in the starting process are avoided, the service life is reduced, and the integral use durability of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
3. When the fuel cell system is started, the nitrogen pressure at the air side of the electric pile is higher than one atmospheric pressure, so that the transient pressure difference is avoided when the fuel cell system is started, and the service life of the fuel cell system is further effectively prolonged.
4. Through setting up oxygen separator, oxygen circulating device, the oxygen partial pressure when can effectively improve fuel cell system and use under the low oxygen environment, and then guarantee the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell system in whole use, guarantee the abundant burning of hydrogen and oxygen.
5. The method can be universally used in various working condition environments, and particularly can be applied to high-altitude, closed and other low-oxygen environments.
Example 3
This embodiment also provides a durable air conditioning device for a fuel cell stack corresponding to the method of embodiment 1 or 2, comprising an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve, and a controller.
Wherein, the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end is connected with the air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile.
The controller is used for connecting an air inlet of the electric pile with the durable air regulation and control device after receiving a starting-up instruction; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile; and starting the oxygen separation device to supply gas after heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature; controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to ensure that the pressure of the empty side of the pile is increasedPReaching a set value; and, a time to be settAfter that, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
The durable air conditioning device also includes an air circulation device. The input end of the air circulation device is connected with an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, the output end of the air circulation device is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile after being connected with the output end of the flow divider in parallel, and the control end of the air circulation device is connected with the output end of the controller.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises a temperature sensor, an air flow meter, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and a gas pressure sensor.
And the temperature sensor is arranged inside the oxygen separation device and used for acquiring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device.
And the air flow meter is arranged at an inlet of the oxygen separation device and used for acquiring the instantaneous flow of the air at the current moment.
And the air component sensor is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen separation device and used for acquiring the ratio of each component of the air.
And the atmospheric pressure sensor is arranged outside the galvanic pile and used for acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment.
And the gas pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the inner part of an inlet pipeline of the air circulating device, an air inlet of the galvanic pile and the inner wall of a hydrogen inlet pipeline and is used for acquiring the pressure of tail gas of pile air and the gas pressure at other arrangement positions.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides the air control device for maintaining the durability of the fuel cell stack, and before starting up, the air side of the stack is subjected to evacuation and pressure maintaining treatment. The air side of the pile only retains nitrogen before starting up, thereby avoiding the phenomena of oxyhydrogen interface and the like in the starting up process, resulting in the service life attenuation and effectively improving the integral use durability of the fuel cell system. The purpose of the pressure regulating valve is to maintain the air side pressure of the stackPWhereinPGreater than atmospheric pressure, for example 140kPa, to avoid transient changes in pressure differential at start-up.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A durability control method for a fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, after receiving a starting-up instruction, connecting an air inlet of a galvanic pile with a durable air regulation and control device; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile;
s2, heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature, and starting the oxygen separation device to supply air;
s3, controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile;
s4, adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to enable the pressure of the empty side of the electric pile to be equalPReaching a set value;
s5, waiting for setting timetThen, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
2. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the high-permeability membrane in the oxygen separation device is made of a barium-containing perovskite oxide material.
3. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the set value is greater than a standard atmospheric pressure in step S4.
4. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 3, wherein the step S1 further includes:
s11, building a durable air regulation and control device, which comprises an oxygen separation device, an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a sealing valve; wherein, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device through an air compressor, the input end of the distribution valve is connected with the sealing valve in two ways, the other way is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with the air inlet of the galvanic pile;
and S12, after receiving a starting-up instruction, connecting the galvanic pile into the durable air regulation and control device, and controlling the output end of the distribution valve to be closed.
5. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 further includes:
s21, heating the oxygen separation device;
s22, monitoring the ambient temperature in the oxygen separation device in real time, and introducing air into the oxygen separation device to separate nitrogen and oxygen when the ambient temperature reaches a set temperature corresponding to high separation efficiency.
6. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 5, wherein the step S5 further includes:
s51, acquiring the atmospheric pressure at the current moment and the ratio of each component gas in the air;
s52, determining the theoretical rotating speed of an air compressor according to the atmospheric pressure and the oxygen ratio in the air and by combining the preset oxygen partial pressure corresponding to the high reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
s53, determining the theoretical opening degree of the distribution valve during normal operation of the fuel cell system according to the atmospheric pressure and the ratio of each component gas in the air and the theoretical rotating speed of the air compressormSo as to ensure that the oxygen partial pressure of the gas entering the reactor always exceeds the set partial pressure;
s54, the timing time from the opening degree adjustment finishing time of the pressure regulating valve reaches the set timetThen, controlling the air compressor to start and work at the theoretical rotating speed;
s55, adjusting the opening degree of the distribution valve to the theoretical opening degreemAnd synchronously introducing hydrogen to ensure the pressure of the empty side of the galvanic pilePAlways equal to the hydrogen side pressure of the galvanic pile，To normally operate the fuel cell system.
7. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the durability air conditioning device further comprises an air circulating device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the air circulation device is connected with an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, and the output end of the air circulation device is connected with the air inlet of the galvanic pile after being connected with the output end of the flow divider in parallel.
8. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
s6, when the pressure of the air tail gas discharged from the galvanic pile reaches the set pressurePThen, closing the pressure regulating valve, and controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be opened and the second input end of the distribution valve to be closed;
s7, starting an air circulation device to introduce oxygen to the galvanic pile;
s8, acquiring atmospheric pressure outside the air circulation device, determining the ratio of all components of air, and determining the opening frequency of a sealing valve corresponding to the normal pressure of the gas pressure in a section from a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device to an input end of a distribution valve;
and S9, controlling the sealing valve to work at the opening frequency so as to continuously and continuously send the nitrogen out of the galvanic pile.
9. The durability control method for a fuel cell stack according to claim 8, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
s10, whether the pressure regulating valve is opened or not is identified, if the pressure regulating valve is opened, the distribution valve is controlled to be opened to a set opening degree so as to supplement nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas to the electric pile, and otherwise, the first input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be opened, and the second input end of the distribution valve is controlled to be closed so as to supplement pure oxygen to the electric pile.
10. A durable air regulating device for a fuel cell stack, comprising an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve, a distribution valve and a controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged at an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile;
the controller is used for connecting an air inlet of the electric pile with the durable air regulation and control device after receiving a starting-up instruction; the durable air regulating device comprises an oxygen separation device, a pressure regulating valve and a distribution valve; the first input end of the distribution valve is connected with an oxygen outlet of the oxygen separation device, the second input end of the distribution valve is connected with a nitrogen outlet of the oxygen separation device, and the output end of the distribution valve is connected with an air inlet of the galvanic pile; the pressure regulating valve is arranged onAn air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile; and starting the oxygen separation device to supply gas after heating the oxygen separation device to a set temperature; controlling the first input end of the distribution valve to be closed and the second input end of the distribution valve to be opened so that only nitrogen enters the galvanic pile; and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve to ensure that the pressure of the empty side of the pile is increasedPReaching a set value; and, a time to be settAfter that, the opening degree of the distribution valve is adjusted to normally operate the fuel cell system.
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