CN114910348A - Method for measuring tensile strength of tobacco leaf sample - Google Patents
Method for measuring tensile strength of tobacco leaf sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN114910348A CN114910348A CN202111662685.2A CN202111662685A CN114910348A CN 114910348 A CN114910348 A CN 114910348A CN 202111662685 A CN202111662685 A CN 202111662685A CN 114910348 A CN114910348 A CN 114910348A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring tensile strength of a tobacco leaf sample, belonging to the technical field of measuring physical indexes of the tobacco leaf sample; dividing according to tobacco leaf grades of the national standard of flue-cured tobacco, and selecting 10 representative complete tobacco leaf samples without any damage, water stain, oil pressing and dry edge coke tip in each grade; placing the complete tobacco leaf sample in a constant temperature and humidity environment with the temperature (22.0 +/-1.0) DEG C and the relative humidity (60.0 +/-3.0)% for balancing for 48 h; the method of the invention has the advantages of safety, simplicity, convenience, accuracy and precision by carrying out balance treatment on the tobacco sample in advance, keeping the relative humidity constant and making the cutting position more referential, editing the sample information, selecting the test scheme, editing the control scheme, testing the direction, stretching and controlling the mode, and adjusting the accuracy of the elongation and tensile strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring tensile strength of a tobacco sample, belonging to the technical field of measurement of physical indexes of tobacco samples.
Background
Tensile strength (tensile strength): the tensile strength of the tobacco leaves refers to the maximum external force which can be borne when the tobacco leaves with a unit width are stretched to be broken under a certain moisture condition, reflects the development condition and the maturity of the tobacco leaves to a certain extent, is one of important indexes for evaluating the physical quality of the tobacco leaves, and is measured by taking kN/m as a unit.
The tobacco leaves serving as the main raw material for processing the cigarettes should have certain tensile strength to meet a plurality of processing links and reduce breakage, but the higher the tensile strength, the better the tensile strength, and the overhigh tensile strength is not beneficial to the subsequent threshing, redrying and shredding processing of the tobacco leaves.
At present, the research on the measuring method of the tensile strength of the tobacco leaves at home and abroad is less, the method GB/T12914-. In addition, the tensile strength of the tobacco leaves is greatly different from the tensile strength of the tobacco leaves sampled at different leaf positions and in different directions due to the influence of the structure of the tobacco leaves, so that a method for measuring the tensile strength of a tobacco leaf sample needs to be explored, and a certain reference is provided for evaluating the tensile strength of the tobacco leaf sample.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for measuring the tensile strength of a tobacco leaf sample. The method of the invention has the advantages of safety, simplicity, accuracy and precision by editing the sample information, selecting the test scheme, editing the control scheme, testing the direction, stretching and controlling the mode, and adjusting the accuracy of the elongation and tensile strength by balancing the tobacco sample in advance, so that the relative humidity is constant and the cutting position has more referential property.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
the method for measuring the tensile strength of the tobacco leaf sample specifically comprises the following steps:
1) dividing according to tobacco leaf grades of the national standard of flue-cured tobacco, and selecting 10 representative complete tobacco leaf samples without any damage, water stain, oil pressing and dry edge coke tip in each grade;
2) placing the complete tobacco leaf sample in a constant temperature and humidity environment with the temperature (22.0 +/-1.0) DEG C and the relative humidity (60.0 +/-3.0)% for balancing for 48 h;
3) stretching and spreading the balanced leaves as much as possible, avoiding thicker lateral veins and branch veins, cutting 100mm × 10mm rectangular strips at the widest position in the middle of each leaf along the branch veins and the direction vertical to the branch veins, wherein ten strips are obtained in total, and the average value of 10 tensile forces of each grade sample is used as the tensile force of the sample;
4) starting a computer measurement and control tensile testing machine, setting the speed and editing sample information;
5) adjusting the position of a chuck, adjusting the chuck to a specified test height, clamping the sample by using the chuck, and starting equipment to perform tensioning action after carrying out tension resistance and displacement zero clearing until the sample is broken;
6) the elongation and the tensile strength are read from the instrument when the sample breaks, 10 groups (transverse direction and longitudinal direction) of tobacco leaf tension are measured, the arithmetic mean value of 10 groups of parallel measurement is used as the measurement result, and the numerical value is expressed by N and is accurate to +/-0.01.
7) The tensile strength S of the test specimen is calculated according to the formula (1), and the average value of 10 sets of parallel determination is taken as a measurement result, so that the accuracy is +/-0.01;
in the formula:
s-tensile strength, kN/m;
f-average tensile strength, N;
w-width of the sample, m.
Preferably, the two sides of the sample in the step 1) are straight, the parallelism of the two sides is within +/-0.1 mm, and the cut is neat without any damage, oil pressing and folding.
Preferably, the drawing rate of the step 4) is set to be 12mm/min +/-2 mm/min; the load of the chuck is adjusted to ensure that the sample has no sliding and no damage in the experimental process.
Preferably, step 6) is carried out under the standard of GB/T16447-2004 "atmospheric Environment for tobacco and tobacco product Conditioning and testing".
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention has the advantages of safety, simplicity, convenience, accuracy and precision by carrying out balance treatment on the tobacco sample in advance, keeping the relative humidity constant and making the cutting position more referential, editing the sample information, selecting the test scheme, editing the control scheme, testing the direction, stretching and controlling the mode, and adjusting the accuracy of the elongation and tensile strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the tensile strength statistics of tobacco samples of different sampling lengths and widths according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the statistics of tensile strength of tobacco leaf samples in different sampling directions according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
The method for measuring the tensile strength of the tobacco leaf sample comprises the following specific steps: preparing a sample, setting and adjusting an instrument, measuring the tensile strength, and calculating the tensile strength of the sample.
The preparation of the sample comprises: a. selecting samples, dividing according to tobacco leaf grades of the flue-cured tobacco national standard, and selecting 10 representative complete tobacco leaf samples without any damage, water stain, oil pressing, withered edge and coke tip in each grade; b. balancing the samples, namely placing the complete tobacco leaf samples in a constant temperature and humidity environment with the temperature (22.0 +/-1.0) DEG C and the relative humidity (60.0 +/-3.0)% for balancing for 48 h; c. cutting a sample, stretching and spreading the balanced leaves as much as possible, avoiding thicker lateral veins and branch veins, cutting a rectangular long strip of 100mm multiplied by 10mm at the widest position of the middle part of each leaf along the branch veins and the vertical branch veins, wherein the average value of 10 pulling forces of each grade sample is used as the pulling force of the sample; d. two edges of the sample are straight, the parallelism of the two edges is within +/-0.1 mm, and the cut is neat without any damage, oil pressing and folding.
The setting and adjustment of the instrument include: a. starting up and opening computer software; selecting sample data and editing sample information; selecting a test scheme, editing a control scheme, testing direction, stretching and controlling modes; b. setting the speed, and setting the stretching speed to be 12mm/min +/-2 mm/min; the load of the chuck is adjusted to ensure that the sample has no sliding and no damage in the experimental process; c. the position of the chuck is adjusted to enable the sample to be fixed in the middle of the chuck, the sample is straightened and clamped without any perceptible slack and without obvious strain, and the sample is ensured to be parallel to the direction of the applied tension.
The tensile strength is measured under the standard GB/T16447-2004 atmospheric environmental Condition for tobacco and tobacco products, which comprises: a. adjusting the chuck to a specified test height, clamping the sample by using the chuck, and carrying out tension resistance and displacement zero clearing; b. reading the elongation and the tensile strength from the instrument when the sample breaks; c. the tobacco leaf tension was measured in 10 sets (transverse, longitudinal) with the arithmetic mean of the 10 sets of replicates as the measurement and the value expressed in N to the nearest 0.01.
The tensile strength of the test piece, S, was calculated according to equation (1) and the average of 10 replicates was used as the measurement result to the nearest. + -. 0.01.
In the formula:
s-tensile strength, kN/m;
f-average tensile strength, N;
w-width of the sample, m.
In the specific implementation process, the variety of the experimental material, namely the flue-cured tobacco leaf sample to be tested is Yunyan 87, and the grades are B2F, C3F and X2F. The test instrument: HK-202F tensile tester; a standard ruler (measuring range 20cm, precision 0.1 mm); the device which can meet the requirements of the experiment width and length can be cut.
As the tobacco leaf sample is limited by the area of the tobacco leaf, repeated tests show that the tensile strength range of the tobacco leaf sample is obviously different from that of paper, if the tobacco leaf sample cannot be sampled according to a paper sampling method (the length is 200mm, and the width is 15 mm), the detection method of paper and paperboard cannot be carried out. Therefore, a sample of C3F was selected, and 9 tests with different sample lengths and widths were set up according to actual conditions: the tensile strength of the tobacco samples treated by the method is measured by the following table 1, wherein the tensile strength of the tobacco samples treated by the method is measured by the tensile strength measuring method, and the tensile strength measuring method is described in table 1. The results show that the RSD of the measurement result of the sampling length of 100mm and the width of 10mm is the minimum, so the sampling length of 100mm and the width of 10mm are selected as the test conditions of the tensile strength of the tobacco leaf sample.
TABLE 1 statistical description of tensile Strength of tobacco leaf samples of different sampling lengths and widths
As the tobacco leaf samples are influenced by the growth and the structure of the leaves, the tensile strength of the transverse and longitudinal sampling has obvious difference. Therefore, samples B2F, C3F and X2F were selected and sampled from the middle of the leaf blade in the direction parallel to the primary branch growth direction (longitudinal direction) and in the direction perpendicular to the primary branch growth direction (transverse direction) (length 100mm, width 10 mm), and the tensile strength of the tobacco leaf samples was measured, and the statistics are described in Table 2. The tobacco leaves of the lower, middle and upper grades are selected for verification, the result shows that the standard deviation SD of the method is small, the RSD is 17.44% -31.7%, and the transverse tensile strength of B2F and C3F is smaller than the longitudinal tensile strength except that the transverse tensile strength of X2F is slightly larger than the longitudinal tensile strength; along with the increase of the position, the longitudinal tensile strength is gradually increased, the transverse tensile strength is gradually reduced, and the elasticity of the surface tobacco leaves is gradually reduced; the ratios (longitudinal/transverse) of the longitudinal tensile strength and the transverse tensile strength of the B2F, the C3F and the X2F are respectively 2.10, 1.57 and 0.88, and the ratio is too large or too small, which affects the processing resistance of the tobacco leaves and increases the breakage. The method can provide certain reference for tobacco sample workers to test the tensile strength of the test sample, and lays a certain foundation for developing related work in the future.
TABLE 2 description of the statistics of tensile Strength of tobacco leaf samples in different sampling directions
The method of the invention has the advantages of safety, simplicity, accuracy and precision by editing the sample information, selecting the test scheme, editing the control scheme, testing the direction, stretching and controlling the mode, and adjusting the accuracy of the elongation and tensile strength by balancing the tobacco sample in advance, so that the relative humidity is constant and the cutting position has more referential property.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims; the size of the attached figure is irrelevant to the specific real object, and the size of the real object can be changed at will.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring the tensile strength of a tobacco leaf sample is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for measuring the tensile strength of the tobacco leaf sample specifically comprises the following steps:
1) dividing according to tobacco leaf grades of the flue-cured tobacco national standard, and selecting 10 representative complete tobacco leaf samples without any damage, water stain, oil pressing, withered edges and scorched tips in each grade;
2) placing the complete tobacco leaf sample in a constant temperature and humidity environment with the temperature (22.0 +/-1.0) DEG C and the relative humidity (60.0 +/-3.0)% for balancing for 48 h;
3) stretching and spreading the balanced leaves as much as possible, avoiding thicker lateral veins and branch veins, cutting 100mm × 10mm rectangular strips at the widest position in the middle of each leaf along the branch veins and the direction vertical to the branch veins, wherein ten strips are obtained in total, and the average value of 10 tensile forces of each grade sample is used as the tensile force of the sample;
4) starting a computer measurement and control tensile testing machine, setting the speed and editing sample information;
5) adjusting the position of a chuck, adjusting the chuck to a specified test height, clamping a sample by using the chuck, and starting equipment to perform tensioning action after carrying out tension resistance and displacement zero clearing until the sample is broken;
6) reading the elongation and the tensile strength from the instrument when the sample is broken, determining 10 groups (transverse and longitudinal) of tobacco leaf pulling forces, taking the arithmetic mean value of 10 groups of parallel determination as a measurement result, and accurately indicating the numerical value by N to +/-0.01;
7) the tensile strength S of the test sample is calculated according to the formula (1), and the average value of 10 sets of parallel determination is used as the measurement result, so that the accuracy is +/-0.01;
in the formula:
s-tensile strength, kN/m;
f-average tensile strength, N;
w-width of the sample, m.
2. The method of measuring tensile strength of a tobacco sample according to claim 1, wherein: two edges of the sample in the step 1) are straight, the parallelism of the two edges is within +/-0.1 mm, and the sample is neat in incision without any damage, oil pressing and folding.
3. The method for measuring tensile strength of a tobacco leaf sample according to claim 1, wherein: step 4), setting the stretching speed to be 12mm/min +/-2 mm/min; the load of the chuck is adjusted to ensure that the sample has no sliding and no damage in the experimental process.
4. The method for measuring tensile strength of a tobacco leaf sample according to claim 1, wherein: and 6) detecting under the standard of GB/T16447-2004 atmospheric environment for regulating and testing tobacco and tobacco products.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111662685.2A CN114910348A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Method for measuring tensile strength of tobacco leaf sample |
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| CN202111662685.2A CN114910348A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Method for measuring tensile strength of tobacco leaf sample |
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| CN114910348A true CN114910348A (en) | 2022-08-16 |
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| CN202111662685.2A Pending CN114910348A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Method for measuring tensile strength of tobacco leaf sample |
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2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111662685.2A patent/CN114910348A/en active Pending
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