CN114905299B

CN114905299B - Device for processing slender rotary workpiece

Info

Publication number: CN114905299B
Application number: CN202110182418.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李浩明; 李谢峰; 付仕; 潘凌菲; 汤驭; 王能飞
Original assignee: Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-07
Filing date: 2021-02-07
Publication date: 2023-11-17
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-07
Also published as: CN114905299A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for processing an elongated rotary workpiece, which comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism and an auxiliary supporting mechanism. The work holding mechanism is provided with a mounting hole for receiving and holding one end of the work, and a plurality of screw holes formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole, through which a fastener can pass to lock the work. The auxiliary support mechanism is configured to have an opening portion that engages the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece. The device can prevent the slender rotary workpiece from being bent and burnt in the processing process.

Description

Device for processing slender rotary workpiece

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a device for machining an elongated rotary workpiece.

Background

As shown in fig. 1, according to the prior art, a workpiece of the slender rotary type shown in fig. 1 is processed, and a processing person needs to position and fix both axial ends of a workpiece raw material 1 by a center drill 2. The workpiece starting material 1 is furthermore fixed by means of a screw fastener 3 arranged at one axial end of the workpiece starting material. Specifically, after the center drill 2 drills the positioning holes at both axial ends of the workpiece raw material 1, the machining personnel again screws the screw fastener 3 so that the screw fastener 3 locks the workpiece raw material in the radial direction.

For this form of processing, it suffers from the following types of defects:

1. the slender rotary part has poor rigidity, and is easy to deform when being clamped. In addition, the part is fixed at one end by adopting a screw single-point pressing locking mode, and the probability of deformation of the part is further increased.

2. Because the end surface area of the slender rotary part is smaller and the rigidity is poorer, in the part processing process, the central drills at the two ends of the slender rotary part hardly ensure that the connecting lines of the central holes at the two sides are maintained in the state that the central shafts of the parts are coaxial.

3. During the part machining process, the cooling liquid flows from above the part rotating at high speed to the surface of the part. Because the contact area between the slender rotary part and the cooling liquid is small, only part of the falling cooling liquid can be contacted with the part. In addition, in the course of working, the part of high-speed rotation can produce great centrifugal force, and the coolant liquid that falls on the part surface can be got rid of soon, and then makes the coolant liquid more difficult to realize the cooling effect, and the part appears the burn condition easily.

Therefore, there is a need for an improvement in the conventional machining apparatus for an elongated rotary workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for machining an elongated rotary-type workpiece that is at least effective in solving at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme: an apparatus for machining an elongated rotary workpiece includes a workpiece clamping mechanism and an auxiliary support mechanism. The work holding mechanism is provided with a mounting hole for receiving and holding one end of the work, and a plurality of screw holes formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole, through which a fastener can pass to lock the work. The auxiliary support mechanism is configured to have an opening portion that engages the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece.

Before machining an elongated rotary workpiece, one end (first end) of the workpiece is clamped firmly by a plurality of fasteners of a workpiece clamping mechanism. Since the first end of the workpiece is supported by the mounting hole of the workpiece holding mechanism, a larger support area can be obtained for the workpiece at the first end. The other end of the workpiece can be clamped by the radially opposite auxiliary supporting mechanism and the cutter. The tool is abutted against the opposite side of the auxiliary supporting mechanism in the process of cutting the workpiece, so that the workpiece cannot bear obvious bending moment load, and deformation is not easy to occur.

Preferably, the auxiliary supporting mechanism comprises a follower rest and a cooling duct for supplying cooling liquid to the workpiece, wherein a channel for accommodating the cooling duct is arranged in the follower rest, so that the cooling duct is communicated with the bottom of the opening. Since the opening portion engages the workpiece, the opening portion and the workpiece are in close contact with each other or in close proximity to each other, and the cooling liquid flowing out of the cooling duct can substantially flow to the surface of the workpiece, so that the cooling liquid has a cooling effect. Further, during the high-speed rotation of the workpiece, a part of the cooling liquid thrown away by the workpiece impacts the surface of the opening, and the part of the cooling liquid bounces to the surface of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is cooled secondarily. The other part of cooling liquid flows to the position where the workpiece contacts or is close to the opening along the surface of the opening, and flows to the area where the workpiece does not contact with the other parts along the workpiece, so that the cooling liquid can completely envelop the workpiece, a good cooling effect is realized, and burn is avoided.

Preferably, the auxiliary supporting mechanism further comprises a supporting block and a screw, wherein the screw has an external thread portion and a through hole extending along an axial direction thereof, the passage has an internal thread portion mated with the external thread portion, the supporting block defines the opening portion, and the cooling duct and the supporting block are respectively fixed at different end-to-end directions of the screw. By rotating the screw, the distance between the outlet of the cooling liquid and the workpiece can be adjusted, and the speed at which the cooling liquid contacts the workpiece can be correspondingly adjusted. With this structure, the cooling effect of the workpiece can be qualitatively adjusted.

Preferably, the follower rest is provided with a receiving slot for receiving the support block, wherein the receiving slot supports the support block at least in the vertical direction.

Preferably, the opening is configured such that a bottom of the opening is spaced from the elongated rotary workpiece when the opening receives the elongated rotary workpiece.

Preferably, the bottom of the opening has a rectangular cross section.

Preferably, at least a part of the plurality of screw holes is configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the mounting hole.

Preferably, the mounting hole has a circular cross section, and at least a part of the plurality of screw holes extends in a radial direction of the mounting hole.

Preferably, the central axes of the plurality of screw holes are located on the same plane.

Preferably, the opening portion extends in an axial direction corresponding to the workpiece by a distance of not less than 20mm.

Preferably, the supporting block is a V-shaped block or a U-shaped block.

Preferably, the mounting hole is a through hole.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: in the invention, two ends of the slender shaft are not fixed by the ejector pins any more, but are respectively supported by the workpiece clamping mechanism and the auxiliary supporting mechanism. The slender shaft can obtain a larger supporting area at the two axial ends of the slender shaft, so that the slender shaft is not easy to bend. In addition, the opening of the auxiliary support mechanism may form an enclosed space with the elongate shaft. The liquid flowing out of the bottom of the opening part can be directly sprayed to the slender shaft and further bounces to the surface of the slender shaft in the closed space through the surface of the opening part, and the cooling liquid can flow to other areas in contact with the opening part along the surface of the slender shaft, so that a good cooling effect is ensured.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present invention, reference should be made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the drawings are intended to schematically illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is not limited in any way by the drawings, and that the various components are not drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art process for machining an elongated rotary workpiece.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for processing an elongated rotary workpiece according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the workpiece holding mechanism of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary supporting mechanism of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the apparatus for processing an elongated rotary workpiece of fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The inventive concept of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. What has been described herein is merely a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, and other ways of implementing the invention will occur to those skilled in the art on the basis of the preferred embodiment, and are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as well. In the following detailed description, directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "transverse", etc., are used with reference to the directions described in the drawings. The components of embodiments of the present invention can be positioned in a number of different orientations and the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting.

Referring to the apparatus for processing an elongated rotary-type workpiece of the present disclosure shown in fig. 2, the apparatus 100 is composed of a workpiece holding mechanism 10, an auxiliary supporting mechanism 20, and the like. In the example shown in fig. 2, an elongated rotary-type workpiece is shown as an elongated shaft 1, but is not limited thereto, and any elongated shaft portion having the components, devices of the elongated shaft 1 shown in fig. 2 may be processed by the device 100 of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, the slender shaft 1 will be described below as a slender rotary workpiece having a slender shaft portion, with the slender shaft 1 being exemplified.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3 in combination with fig. 2, the work holding mechanism 10 is provided with a mounting hole 11 for receiving and holding one end of the elongated shaft 1, and a plurality of screw holes 12 formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole 11 at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole 11. The mounting hole 11 is optionally provided with a circular cross section. Fasteners 25, such as screws, can be passed through the threaded holes 12 to lock the elongate shaft 1. Preferably, the screw 25 is of circular arc configuration for form-fitting with the surface of the end surface of the elongate shaft 1.

The extension length of the mounting hole 11 is optionally set to be not less than 5 times the diameter of the elongated shaft 1, so as to ensure that a larger contact area between the elongated shaft 1 and the mounting hole 11 can be ensured after the elongated shaft 1 penetrates into the mounting hole 11, thereby reducing the shearing stress born by the elongated shaft 1 during the processing. The extension length of the mounting hole 11 may be set to, for example, 10 times or 15 times the diameter of the long and thin shaft 1. In addition, the extension length of the mounting hole 11 is set to be not smaller than the contact length of the cutter with the elongated shaft 1 according to the rotation speed of the external cutter or the elongated shaft 1, the diameter of the finished elongated shaft 1 to be processed, etc. during the processing of the elongated shaft 1.

In order to ensure that the mounting hole 11 of the workpiece holding structure has a long extension hole, the auxiliary support structure, the workpiece holding mechanism 10 is provided with a cylindrical portion 14 (the cylindrical portion 14 is schematically shown in the figure in the form of a cylinder) having a main body portion 13 of a substantially hexahedral structure protruding. A continuously extending mounting hole section is provided in the column portion 14 and in the main body portion 13. The combination of the two mounting hole segments into a total mounting hole 11 provides the workpiece clamping mechanism 10 with an overall lighter weight.

The circumferential outer surface of the body portion 13 in a hexahedral structure may be engaged with the collet 32 of the machine tool 30 capable of rotating the workpiece holding mechanism 10. After machine tool 30 is activated, machine tool 30 is able to rotate workpiece clamping mechanism 10 about the central axis of the extended bore.

Referring to fig. 3, at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes 12 in the workpiece holding structure that communicate with the mounting hole 11 is configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the mounting hole 11. For a mounting hole 11 having a circular cross section, the threaded hole 12 is meant to extend in the radial direction of the mounting hole 11. Preferably, the central axes of the plurality of threaded bores 12 are disposed in the same plane, thereby facilitating the screw maintaining the central axis of the elongate shaft 1 coaxial with the central axis of the machine tool 30.

When the elongate shaft 1 is processed at a relatively high speed, the threaded holes 12 can alternatively be provided at different axial positions of the mounting holes 11 in a row along the axial direction of the mounting holes 11 (fig. 3 shows only 4 mounting holes 11 at one axial position). More threaded holes 12 facilitate a more secure grip on the elongate shaft 1.

To facilitate the installer's quick adjustment of the central axis of the elongate shaft 1 to be coaxial with the center of rotation of the machine tool 30, according to some embodiments, each threaded bore 12 is provided with the same extension length and each screw 25 is provided with a scale. When fasteners 25, such as screws, are screwed into desired scale locations, each screw 25 is capable of positioning the elongate shaft 1 directly coaxially with the central axis of rotation of the machine tool 30.

Referring to fig. 4 in combination with fig. 2, the auxiliary support mechanism 20 is provided with an opening S1 on the side facing the elongate shaft 1. The opening S1 can support the elongate shaft 1 at the other end of the elongate shaft 1. More specifically, the work holding mechanism 10 and the auxiliary supporting mechanism 20 are supported at both axial ends of the elongated shaft 1, respectively, and radially opposite sides of the elongated shaft 1 are contacted with the opening portion S1 of the auxiliary supporting mechanism 20 and the tool, respectively.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the auxiliary support mechanism 20 is comprised of a follower rest 22, a cooling conduit 24, a support block 26, and the like. In the example of fig. 3, the follower rest 22 is a thick plate-like member, which may alternatively be in the form of a bracket in which a plurality of components are fixedly assembled. The opening S1 of the auxiliary supporting mechanism 20 is defined by the supporting block 26.

The follower rest 22 is provided with a receiving slot S2 on the side facing the elongate shaft 1 for receiving a support block 26, wherein the receiving slot S2 supports the support block 26 at least in the vertical direction. A passage 23 for accommodating the cooling duct 24 is also provided in the follower rest 22 so that the cooling duct 24 communicates with the bottom a of the opening S1. In some embodiments, the cooling conduit 24 can pass through the channel 23 to provide a liquid outlet at the bottom a of the support block 26. At this time, the cooling duct 24 is directly connected to the support block 26, and the two may be fixed to each other by screwing or the like.

The cooling conduit 24 is connected by a cooling pump, reservoir, etc., not shown, to provide a cooling fluid that serves to cool the elongate shaft 1.

Unlike the above embodiments in which the cooling conduit 24 is directly connected to the support block 26, in other embodiments the cooling conduit 24 is connected to the support block 26 by way of an indirect connection. Specifically, the auxiliary supporting mechanism 20 is provided with a screw 28 including an externally threaded portion. The screw 28 is provided with a through hole extending in its axial direction for engaging the cooling duct 24 on the one hand and for the passage 23 communicating the cooling duct 24 with the bottom a of the support block 26 on the other hand.

It will be appreciated that in the case of a threaded rod 28, the internal passage 23 of the follower holder 22 is provided as a threaded through hole with an internal threaded portion. By rotating the screw 28, the position of the opening S1 of the auxiliary support mechanism 20 can be adjusted in the radial direction of the elongate shaft 1, so that the auxiliary support mechanism 20 can be adapted to machine various kinds of elongate shafts 1 having different diameters.

With continued reference to fig. 2 and 4, preferably, the opening S1 is configured such that, when the opening S1 receives the elongate shaft 1, a bottom a of the opening S1 is spaced from the elongate shaft 1. Specifically, the opening S1 is a V-shaped or U-shaped opening, and the support block 26 is formed as a V-shaped block or a U-shaped block. Referring to fig. 5, after the elongated shaft 1 abuts against the opening portion S1, the opening portion S1 and the elongated shaft 1 form a closed space S in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the elongated shaft 1. Since the coolant outlet on the bottom A of the opening S1 is adjacent to the elongated shaft 1, the coolant is directly sprayed onto the surface of the elongated shaft 1, so that the coolant can be cooled. Further, during the high-speed rotation of the elongated shaft 1, a part of the cooling liquid thrown off by the elongated shaft 1 collides with the surface of the opening S1, and the part of the cooling liquid is further bounced to the surface of the elongated shaft 1, thereby performing secondary cooling on the elongated shaft 1. The other part of the cooling liquid flows to the position where the slender shaft 1 contacts with or is close to the opening S1 along the surface of the opening S1, and flows to the non-other area along the slender shaft 1, so that the cooling liquid can completely envelop the slender shaft 1, and a good cooling effect is realized.

With continued reference to fig. 4 and 5, the bottom a of the opening S1 is preferably provided to have a rectangular cross section. At this time, the closed space S defined by the opening S1 and the elongate shaft 1 can contain more liquid, facilitating the elongate shaft 1 to convey the liquid along its surface to other locations not in contact with the support blocks 26.

In order to ensure that the auxiliary support mechanism 20 has a large contact area with the opening S1 at the other end of the elongate shaft 1, so that it further reduces the risk of buckling by the cutter, the opening S1 extends a distance of not less than 20mm, e.g., 25mm, 30mm, 40mm, etc., in the axial direction corresponding to the elongate shaft 1. This may be determined by the length of the elongate shaft 1 between the auxiliary support mechanism 20 and the workpiece clamping mechanism 10.

As a preferred embodiment, the mounting hole 11 of the work holding mechanism 10 according to the present disclosure is provided as a through hole. After a section of the elongate shaft 1 has been machined, the installer may loosen the individual screws 25 used to secure the elongate shaft 1, axially move the elongate shaft 1, and then further secure and machine other sections of the elongate shaft 1.

The apparatus 100 for machining an elongated rotary workpiece according to the present disclosure is particularly suitable for machining parts having a diameter in the range of 0.5mm to 5mm and a length in the range of 100mm or less.

According to the present disclosure, one end (first end) of the elongate shaft 1 is clamped securely by a plurality of fasteners 25 of the workpiece clamping mechanism 10 prior to machining the elongate shaft 1. Since the first end of the elongated shaft 1 is supported by the mounting hole 11 of the work holding mechanism 10, a larger support area can be obtained for the elongated shaft 1 at the first end. The other end of the elongate shaft 1 may then be clamped by diametrically opposed auxiliary support mechanisms 20 and cutters. The knife rests against the opposite side of the auxiliary support mechanism 20 during cutting of the elongate shaft 1, and the elongate shaft 1 is therefore not subjected to significant bending moment loads and is not prone to deformation.

Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention can be modified or equivalents can be substituted for some of the features thereof, and any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement or the like that is within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

apparatus for processing an elongated rotary workpiece: 100.

work piece fixture: 10.

auxiliary supporting mechanism: 20.

machine tool: 30.

an elongated shaft: 1.

and (3) mounting holes: 11.

screw hole: 12.

a main body part: 13.

column part: 14.

follower rest: 22.

and (3) a cooling duct: 24.

fastener, screw: 25.

and (3) supporting blocks: 26.

and (3) a screw rod: 28.

an opening portion: s1.

The channel is as follows: 23.

an accommodating groove: s2

Bottom of opening: A. clamping head: 32.

Claims

1. an apparatus (100) for machining an elongated rotating workpiece, the apparatus (100) comprising:

a work holding mechanism (10), the work holding mechanism (10) being provided with a mounting hole (11) for receiving and holding one end of the work, and a plurality of screw holes (12) formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole (11) at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole (11), a fastener (25) being capable of passing through the screw holes (12) to lock the work; and

an auxiliary support mechanism (20), the auxiliary support mechanism (20) being configured to have an opening (S1) engaging the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece;

wherein the auxiliary supporting mechanism (20) comprises a follower rest (22) and a cooling conduit (24) for supplying cooling liquid to the workpiece, wherein a channel (23) for accommodating the cooling conduit (24) is arranged in the follower rest (22), so that the cooling conduit (24) is communicated with the bottom (A) of the opening part (S1); and is also provided with

Wherein the auxiliary supporting mechanism (20) further comprises a supporting block (26) and a screw (28), wherein the screw (28) is provided with an external thread part and a through hole extending along the axial direction of the screw, the channel (23) is provided with an internal thread part matched with the external thread part, the supporting block (26) defines the opening part (S1), and the cooling conduit (24) and the supporting block (26) are respectively fixed at different end directions of the screw (28);

the diametrically opposite sides of the workpiece are respectively contacted with the opening (S1) and the cutter, wherein the opening (S1) is configured such that, when the opening (S1) receives the workpiece, the bottom (A) of the opening (S1) and the workpiece are spaced apart from each other, and, after the workpiece abuts against the opening (S1), the opening (S1) and the workpiece form a closed space (S) on a section perpendicular to a central axis of the workpiece.

2. The device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the follower rest (22) is provided with a receiving slot (S2) for receiving the support block (26), wherein the receiving slot (S2) supports the support block (26) at least in a vertical direction.

3. The device (100) according to claim 2, wherein the bottom (a) of the opening (S1) has a rectangular cross section.

4. The device (100) according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes (12) is configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the mounting hole (11).

5. The device (100) according to claim 4, wherein the mounting hole (11) has a circular cross section and at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes (12) extend in a radial direction of the mounting hole (11).

6. The device (100) of claim 5, wherein the central axes of the plurality of threaded bores (12) lie in the same plane.

7. The apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the opening (S1) extends a distance of not less than 20mm in an axial direction corresponding to the workpiece.

8. The device (100) of claim 1, wherein the support block (26) is a V-block or a U-block.

9. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the mounting hole (11) is a through hole.