CN114900226B - Low orbit constellation satellite communication system and communication method thereof - Google Patents
Low orbit constellation satellite communication system and communication method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low orbit constellation satellite communication system and a communication method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: when the gateway station can work normally by using the feed link and the user link, the small gateway station is not started; when the feeder link of the gateway station is disabled and the subscriber link is normal, the small gateway station is enabled: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 cannot normally access through a feed link, and access, calling, paging and data transmission processes are completed through a user link and a core network of a small gateway station; the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication passes, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 carry out communication service. The invention ensures that the satellite terminal carries out normal communication service through interconnection and intercommunication of the small gateway station and the ground backbone network with the gateway station, and improves the availability of a satellite communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a low-orbit constellation satellite communication system and a communication method thereof.
Background
1. Low orbit constellation satellite communication system
The low orbit constellation satellite communication system is a satellite communication system for signal transfer by low orbit constellation. The low orbit constellation satellite communication systems established or already established in the world at present mainly comprise starlink, O3B, oneWeb, telesat and the like, and the China mainly comprises systems such as rainbow clouds, wild geese and the like. Generally, a low orbit constellation satellite communication system is composed of three parts, namely a space segment, a ground segment and an application segment, as shown in fig. 1.
(1) Space segment
The space segment is made up of a low orbit satellite constellation. A satellite constellation is a collection of satellites that are launched into orbit to function properly, typically a satellite network consisting of a number of satellite rings configured in a certain manner. The low orbit satellite constellation is a low orbit satellite network composed of a plurality of low orbit satellites, as shown in fig. 2.
The load carried by a low-orbit satellite is generally two types: transparent load and handling load. The satellite carrying the transparent load plays a role in transparent signal forwarding between the terminal and the gateway station, and only carries out frequency conversion processing and signal amplification on the signal; the satellite carrying the processing load can carry out the processing such as modulation and demodulation, encoding and decoding on the signals and can use inter-satellite links, and along with the development of satellite communication, the global integrated communication demand is more and more obvious, and the advantages of the form of the load are more and more obvious.
(2) Ground section
The ground section is used as an important component of the low-orbit constellation satellite communication system to complete the functions of satellite load management, service processing, network management, operation management, cross-country service settlement and the like of the low-orbit constellation satellite communication system, and is also responsible for interconnection and interworking of the low-orbit constellation satellite communication system and other systems, and mainly comprises an operation control center, a global operation service center and gateway stations distributed in all the places of the world.
A) Operation control center
The operation control center is a core component and a management center for operation and maintenance control of a low-orbit constellation satellite communication system, provides a centralized, unified, comprehensive and automatic platform for system management and application management, and ensures safe, stable and reliable operation of constellation and ground gateway station networks. The method mainly completes the functions of satellite load management, satellite-ground resource running condition, satellite-ground feed link state monitoring, gateway station system task planning and the like.
B) Global operation service center
The global operation service center is an important component for supporting the global operation of the low-orbit constellation satellite communication system. The global operation service center is connected with the comprehensive network management and operation support system of each country, and mainly completes the functions of global settlement, gateway station network monitoring and the like, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the global network.
C) Gateway station system
The gateway station system provides communication, business, operation, management and other services for the low-orbit constellation satellite communication system, and has the functions of system resource management, air interface protocol processing, user authentication and encryption, business routing and exchange, business service, local network operation and the like.
The low orbit constellation communication system with processing load integrates the functions of resource allocation, service routing, exchange and the like originally borne by the gateway station to the processing load of the satellite, so that the gateway station does not need to bear the function of air interface protocol processing, only needs to have the functions of simple modulation and demodulation, encoding and decoding and the like, and a feed link between the satellite and the gateway station is a high-speed data transmission channel and can be regarded as a communication channel between the satellite processing load and a service routing and exchange entity at the rear end of the gateway station.
(3) Application segment
The application section consists of various fixed and mobile terminals distributed in the coverage area of the low orbit constellation beam, the terminals are portals and application platforms for users to access the low orbit constellation satellite communication system, the application sections are used for establishing data transmission links between the users and satellites, and each terminal has the switching capability among beams, satellites and gateway stations and can provide continuous business services for the users.
2. Communication flow
(1) Carrying transparent load satellite communication system
The transparent loading satellite communication flow is shown in fig. 3, and the communication system carrying the transparent loading satellite has the functions of signal receiving and transmitting, access control, resource allocation, protocol processing, service exchange and the like, and the interfaces of the satellite, the terminal and the satellite and the gateway station use an air interface protocol.
(2) Onboard processing load satellite communication system
The communication flow of the processing load satellite is shown in fig. 4, and the communication system carrying the processing load satellite is provided with the gateway station to complete functions of signal receiving and transmitting, data transmission protocol processing, service switching and the like, access control, resource allocation and other access layer protocol processing are completed on the satellite (base station), the interface between the satellite and the terminal uses an air interface protocol, the interface between the satellite and the gateway station uses a data transmission protocol, which is equivalent to an NG interface between the base station and a core network.
3. Feeder link and subscriber link
The flow of processing load communication is shown in fig. 5, in which the link between the satellite and the satellite terminal is a user link, the wireless link between the satellite and the gateway station is a feeder link, and the service data of all users are converged on the feeder link, so that the data carried by the feeder link is the sum of all the user data on the user link. The higher the link frequency band, the larger the available bandwidth, and as known by shannon's theorem, the higher the transmission rate, which is also the main reason that the frequency band of the feeder link will be higher than the frequency band of the user link, but the feeder link with a relatively higher frequency band is more susceptible to rainfall.
4. Disadvantages of the prior art and technical problems to be solved by the present application
In satellite communication systems, weather such as precipitation is a major cause of satellite communication interruption. The frequency band of the satellite feed link is higher than that of the user link, so that the satellite feed link is more easily influenced by weather reasons such as rainfall (the rain attenuation is larger). In most cases, weather such as precipitation often affects the feeder link first, and even if the user link is normal, the user cannot use normal satellite communication services.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-orbit constellation satellite communication system and a communication method thereof, which utilize a normal user link to transmit feed data when a feed link is interrupted, thereby improving the availability of the satellite communication system.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a low orbit constellation satellite communication system, including satellite terminal, low orbit constellation and gateway station, also include a small-scale gateway station used for receiving the feed data information;
When the low-orbit satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted to the small gateway station through the low-orbit satellite user link, the small gateway station is connected with the gateway station through the ground backbone network, the core network of the gateway station is accessed, and the signaling connection flow required by terminal communication is completed.
A communication method of a low orbit constellation satellite communication system comprises the following specific steps:
Setting a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
When the gateway station can work normally by using the feed link and the user link, the small gateway station is not started;
when the feeder link of the gateway station is disabled and the subscriber link is normal, the small gateway station is enabled: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 cannot normally access through a feed link, and access, calling, paging and data transmission processes are completed through a user link and a core network of a small gateway station; the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication passes, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 carry out communication service.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) When the satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted through the low-orbit satellite user link, and the communication is carried out between the low-orbit satellite user link and a core network of the gateway station through the small gateway station, so that the signaling connection flow required by satellite terminal communication is completed; (2) The small gateway station, the ground backbone network and the gateway station are interconnected and communicated, so that the satellite terminal is ensured to perform basic normal communication service, and the availability of a satellite communication system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a low orbit constellation satellite communications system.
Fig. 2 is a low-rail constellation diagram.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transparent payload satellite communication flow.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process payload satellite communication flow.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process payload communication flow.
Fig. 6 is a schematic communication flow diagram of the low orbit constellation satellite communication system according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a resource allocation flow.
Fig. 8 is a control plane protocol schematic.
Fig. 9 is a user plane protocol schematic.
Detailed Description
In the prior art, a satellite user link transmits user data, a feed link transmits feed data, and once rainfall causes the feed link to be interrupted, even if the user link is not interrupted, a satellite terminal still cannot perform normal communication service. When the satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the invention uses the user link to transmit feed data, and the communication between the small gateway station and the ground backbone network and the gateway station can ensure that the satellite terminal performs basic normal communication service and improves the availability of the satellite communication system.
The invention relates to a low orbit constellation satellite communication system, which comprises a satellite terminal, a low orbit constellation, a gateway station and a small gateway station, wherein the small gateway station is used for receiving feed data information;
When the low-orbit satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted to the small gateway station through the low-orbit satellite user link, the small gateway station is connected with the gateway station through the ground backbone network, the core network of the gateway station is accessed, and the signaling connection flow required by terminal communication is completed.
As a specific implementation, the gateway station can use the feeder link, and the small gateway station is not started when the user link works normally; when the feed link of the gateway station cannot work normally and the user link is normal, the small gateway station is started.
As a specific implementation scheme, the small gateway station is used as a standby station of the gateway station, and the resource is applied to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of satellite resources.
As a specific implementation, for the satellite terminal internet service, the flow of the small gateway station applying resources to the operation control center is as follows:
After receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station forwards the request to the gateway station, and the core network of the gateway station completes authentication of the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes through the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station performs resource negotiation with the operation control system, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time use condition of the resources, the small gateway station informs the satellite base station, the satellite base station performs resource distribution, and finally PDU session is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
As a specific embodiment, the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; in the control plane, the small gateway station deploys an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with a low orbit satellite, and carries an IP protocol to communicate with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network; in the user plane, the small gateway station deploys an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low orbit satellite, and carries IP protocol and UDP protocol to communicate with the gateway station core network through a ground backbone network.
As a specific implementation scheme, the satellite terminal runs a terminal protocol stack, the low-orbit satellite processing load realizes the function of converting data transmission data into air interface data, converts the data transmission data originally sent to the gateway station into the air interface data, and sends the air interface data to the small gateway station to complete the signaling connection flow.
The invention discloses a communication method of a low orbit constellation satellite communication system, which comprises the following steps:
Setting a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
When the gateway station can work normally by using the feed link and the user link, the small gateway station is not started;
when the feeder link of the gateway station is disabled and the subscriber link is normal, the small gateway station is enabled: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 cannot normally access through a feed link, and access, calling, paging and data transmission processes are completed through a user link and a core network of a small gateway station; the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication passes, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 carry out communication service.
As a specific implementation scheme, the small gateway station is used as a standby station of the gateway station, and the resource is applied to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of satellite resources.
As a specific implementation, for the satellite terminal internet service, the flow of the small gateway station applying resources to the operation control center is as follows:
After receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes through the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station performs resource negotiation with the operation control system, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time use condition of the resources, the small gateway station informs the satellite base station, the satellite base station performs resource distribution, and finally PDU session is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
As a specific embodiment, the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; the satellite terminal runs a terminal protocol stack, the low-orbit satellite processing load realizes the function of converting data into air interface data, the data originally sent to the gateway station is converted into air interface data and then sent to the small gateway station through an air interface, and the signaling continuing flow is completed.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Examples
When the low-orbit satellite feed link is interrupted due to weather reasons such as precipitation and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information can be transmitted through the low-orbit satellite user link, so that the signaling connection flow required by terminal communication is completed, and the normal communication service of the user is ensured. The implementation of this communication flow requires the deployment of a special gateway station (small gateway station) for receiving the feed data information. The small gateway station is connected with the gateway station through the ground backbone network, accesses the core network of the gateway station, and completes the terminal communication continuing flow.
(1) Flow design
As shown in fig. 6, the feed link of the gateway station is interrupted and cannot be used, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 cannot normally access through the feed link, and the flows of access, calling, paging, data transmission and the like can be completed through the user link and the core network of the gateway station after the small gateway station. The core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication passes, the satellite terminal 1 can perform normal communication service with the satellite terminal 2.
When the gateway station can work normally by using the feed link and the user link, the small gateway station does not need to be started; the small gateway station is only started when the gateway station feed link cannot work normally and the user link is normal. The small gateway station is used as a special standby station of the gateway station, and can apply resources to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of satellite resources, and the flow is shown in fig. 7, and the satellite terminal internet surfing service is taken as an example.
And after receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal. After the satellite terminal passes through the authentication of the core network, the small gateway station and the operation control system carry out resource negotiation, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time use condition of the resources, the satellite base station is notified through the small gateway station, then the satellite base station is provided with resources for distribution, and finally PDU session is established between the satellite terminal and the core network.
(2) Protocol design
In order to realize the process, the processing load needs to support the corresponding air interface protocol, and the protocol design is carried out based on the 3GPP NTN network protocol system.
From the air interface protocol perspective, the small gateway station is a special user terminal, and the air interface protocol uses a user side air interface protocol. The satellite terminal runs a terminal protocol stack, the low orbit satellite processing load (base station) realizes the conversion function from data transmission data to air interface data, converts the data transmission data originally sent to the gateway station into air interface data and sends the air interface data to the small gateway station to complete the signaling connection flow. Fig. 8 is a small gateway station air interface control plane protocol, and fig. 9 is a small gateway station air interface user plane protocol. In the control plane, the small gateway station deploys an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with a low orbit satellite, and carries an IP protocol to communicate with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network; in the user plane, the small gateway station deploys an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low orbit satellite, and carries IP protocol and UDP protocol to communicate with the gateway station core network through a ground backbone network.
In summary, when the low-orbit satellite feeder link is interrupted due to weather such as precipitation, the gateway station cannot work normally, and the user link is not interrupted, the feeder data information is transmitted through the low-orbit satellite user link, and the communication is performed with the gateway station core network through the small gateway station, so that the signaling connection process required by the satellite terminal communication is completed, the satellite terminal can be ensured to perform basic normal communication service, and the availability of the satellite communication system is improved.
Claims (6)
1. A low orbit constellation satellite communication system, comprising a satellite terminal, a low orbit constellation and a gateway station, characterized in that the system also comprises a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
When the low-orbit satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted to a small gateway station through the low-orbit satellite user link, the small gateway station is connected with the gateway station through a ground backbone network, a core network of the gateway station is accessed, and a signaling connection flow required by terminal communication is completed;
the small gateway station is used as a standby station of the gateway station, and applies resources to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of satellite resources;
for the satellite terminal internet service, the flow of the small gateway station applying resources to the operation control center is as follows:
After receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station forwards the request to the gateway station, and the core network of the gateway station completes authentication of the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes through the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station performs resource negotiation with the operation control system, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time use condition of the resources, the small gateway station informs the satellite base station, the satellite base station performs resource distribution, and finally PDU session is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
2. The low orbit constellation satellite communications system according to claim 1, wherein the gateway station is enabled when the subscriber link is operating normally with the feeder link, the small gateway station is not enabled; when the feed link of the gateway station cannot work normally and the user link is normal, the small gateway station is started.
3. The low orbit constellation satellite communication system according to claim 1, wherein the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; in the control plane, the small gateway station deploys an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with a low orbit satellite, and carries an IP protocol to communicate with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network; in the user plane, the small gateway station deploys an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low orbit satellite, and carries IP protocol and UDP protocol to communicate with the gateway station core network through a ground backbone network.
4. The low-orbit constellation satellite communication system according to claim 1, wherein the satellite terminal runs a terminal protocol stack, the low-orbit satellite processing load realizes a function of converting data transmitted from data to air interface data, converts the data transmitted originally to the gateway station into air interface data, and transmits the air interface data to the small gateway station through the air interface, thereby completing the signaling connection process.
5. The communication method of the low orbit constellation satellite communication system is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
Setting a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
When the gateway station can work normally by using the feed link and the user link, the small gateway station is not started;
When the feeder link of the gateway station is disabled and the subscriber link is normal, the small gateway station is enabled: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 cannot normally access through a feed link, and access, calling, paging and data transmission processes are completed through a user link and a core network of a small gateway station; the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication passes, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 carry out communication service;
the small gateway station is used as a standby station of the gateway station, and applies resources to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of satellite resources;
for the satellite terminal internet service, the flow of the small gateway station applying resources to the operation control center is as follows:
After receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes through the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station performs resource negotiation with the operation control system, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time use condition of the resources, the small gateway station informs the satellite base station, the satellite base station performs resource distribution, and finally PDU session is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
6. The communication method of the low orbit constellation satellite communication system according to claim 5, wherein the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; the satellite terminal runs a terminal protocol stack, the low-orbit satellite processing load realizes the function of converting data into air interface data, the data originally sent to the gateway station is converted into air interface data and then sent to the small gateway station through an air interface, and the signaling continuing flow is completed.
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