CN114899388A - Bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein metal bismuth powder is added into a solvent to obtain a mixed solution; ultrasonically treating the mixed solution in ice-water bath, centrifuging and collecting supernatant; adding a reducing agent into the supernatant, centrifuging, washing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain pure-phase bismuth alkene nanosheets; dispersing the obtained bismuth alkene into deoxygenated deionized water, mixing with graphene oxide, performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and performing vacuum filtration and membrane pumping; and putting the obtained film into the inner liner of a reaction kettle, and adding a reducing agent to react to obtain the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material. The two-dimensional bismuth alkene in the composite material has an ultrathin lamellar structure, the thickness of the bismuth alkene is 0.5-2nm, the bismuth alkene is compounded with graphene to form a film, and the film is loose and porous. The obtained composite material has large specific surface area, can be fully contacted and infiltrated with electrolyte, has excellent flexibility, can relieve the volume expansion of the metal bismuth in the charge-discharge process, and improves the rate capability and the cycling stability of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of potassium ion batteries.
Background
In the last two decades, the lithium ion battery industry has been rapidly developed, and many people pay attention to and research on lithium ion batteries. People's lives are replete with various lithium ion batteries, such as: mobile phones, automobiles, toys, etc. However, the distribution of lithium resources is very heterogeneous in the world (mainly concentrated in south america), and the abundance of lithium resources is not high. This leads to higher and higher prices of lithium resources, making the advantages of the energy storage field thereof less and less obvious. For these reasons, more and more people are turning to research on potassium in the same main group as lithium. K/K + The reduction potential of (2) is low, and the battery voltage and the battery energy density are high; k + The interaction with solvent molecules is weaker, and the solvated potassium ions have smaller Stokes radius, so that K is + High diffusion rate in electrolyte solution and good molar conductivity. Potassium ion batteries are gradually replacing lithium ion batteries, and become a new development direction in the field of energy storage. The alloy type electrode has the advantage of high theoretical specific capacity and is concerned by researchers. The research on two-dimensional materials gradually starts from disulfideThe object is expanded to the fifth main group. Wherein the alloy type cathode material bismuth (Bi) has 382mAhg -1 The theoretical specific capacity of (a). However, in the bismuth alloying/dealloying process, the problem of volume expansion of bismuth is prominent, active substances are easily pulverized and fall off, and the cycling stability of the battery is greatly reduced.
The reserves of bismuth in China are the first in the world, and China has absolute advantages to bismuth. Bismuth, as a safe "green metal", is used in the fields of medicine, chemical industry, electronics, and the like. The low thermal conductivity of bismuth-alkene can be used for thermoelectric materials. The bismuth alkene has a wrinkled layered crystal structure and consists of six-membered rings, and large interlayer channels (3.979A) are beneficial to the de-intercalation of ions with large radius. The problem of huge expansion of bismuth-antimony base can be solved by a bismuth alkene method, and the performance of the battery is further improved. In addition, a method for preparing the potassium ion battery anode material, which is simple in synthesis and easy to operate, does not exist so far, and the method can provide reference value for preparing other anode materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting metal bismuth powder into a container, adding a solvent, performing ultrasonic crushing in a cold water bath, and then centrifuging to collect supernatant;
(2) in order to obtain pure-phase bismuth alkene nanosheets, adding a reducing agent into the supernatant obtained in the step (1), continuously stirring, centrifuging, washing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain bismuth alkene;
(3) dispersing the bismuth alkene obtained in the step (2) into deoxygenated deionized water, mixing with graphene oxide, performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and performing vacuum filtration and membrane pumping to obtain a thin film;
(4) and (3) placing the film obtained by suction filtration into the inner liner of a reaction kettle, and then adding a reducing agent for reaction to obtain the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material.
The reducing agent is added in the step (2) because the bismuth metal powder can be oxidized when being subjected to ultrasonic powder stripping, and Bi is converted into BiO x . Step (3) disperses the bismuth alkene in the deoxygenated deionized water, also to prevent the bismuth alkene from being oxidized.
Further, in the step (1), 0.5g of metal bismuth powder is taken as a reference, the metal bismuth powder is transferred into a container, 200mL of solvent is added, and the ultrasonic treatment time is as follows: 8-30 h. The solvent is one or a mixture of two of deionized water and N-methyl pyrrolidone, and the centrifugal rotation speed is 300-2000 rpm.
Further, the reducing agent in the step (2) is one or a mixture of more than one of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, ascorbic acid, isopropanol and glucose. The amount of reducing agent used was terminated by a blackened and slight excess of solution.
Further, the centrifugal rotation speed in the step (2) is 3000-20000 rpm, and the detergent used for washing is deionized water or ethanol.
Further, Ar or N is introduced into the de-ionized water subjected to oxygen removal in the step (3) for 10min 2 Removing oxygen in water, wherein the mass ratio of bismuth to graphene oxide is (2-5): 1, and the ultrasonic time is 4-10 h. Bismuth graphene and graphene require vacuum drying.
Further, the mass ratio of the film to the reducing agent in the step (4) is 1: (1-4).
Further, the reaction temperature in the step (4) is 80-150 ℃, and the reaction time is 8-18 h.
Further, the reducing agent in the step (4) is one or a mixture of more than one of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, ascorbic acid, isopropanol, N-methylpyrrolidone and glucose.
According to the bismuth alkene/graphene composite material prepared by the preparation method, the two-dimensional bismuth alkene in the composite material has an ultrathin lamellar structure, the thickness of the bismuth alkene is 0.5-2nm, the bismuth alkene and the graphene are compounded to form a film, and the composite material is loose and porous.
The bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material disclosed by the invention is applied as a negative electrode material of a potassium ion battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the composite material obtained by the method is loose and porous, and is beneficial to full contact and infiltration of the cathode material and the electrolyte. The bismuth-graphene/graphene material with thin thickness, large specific surface area and excellent flexibility can be prepared to effectively relieve the volume expansion of metal bismuth in the charging and discharging process, solve the problem of pulverization of the negative electrode material and improve the electrochemical performance of the material.
(2) The bismuth-graphene/graphene material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is uniform in size dispersion, complete in structure and similar in particle size.
(3) Compared with other methods, the method for preparing the bismuth-containing graphene is thinner.
(4) The current collector is not additionally needed and can be used as a self-supporting electrode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the bismuthene prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the bismuth-graphene/graphene prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the bismuthene prepared according to example 1.
Fig. 4 is an atomic force microscope image of the bismuth-graphene/graphene prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5 is an elemental distribution diagram of the bismuthene prepared in example 1.
Fig. 6 is an element distribution diagram of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 7 is a digital image of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 8 is a cycle performance curve of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation steps of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material negative electrode material are as follows:
(1) putting 0.5g of metal bismuth powder into a container, adding 200mL of deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment in a cold water bath for 30h, centrifuging at 500rpm, and collecting supernatant;
(2) adding 17.5mL of reducing agent sodium borohydride solution into the supernatant obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring until the solution does not change color any more;
(3) centrifuging the liquid in the step (2) at 10000rpm, washing the liquid for 2 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and freeze-drying the liquid in vacuum;
(4) introducing Ar into deionized water for 10min to remove oxygen in the water, adding the bismuth alkene obtained in the step (3) into the deoxidized deionized water, mixing graphene oxide and the bismuth alkene according to the mass ratio of 1:4, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5h, performing vacuum filtration and membrane pumping, and performing vacuum drying on the bismuth alkene/graphene;
(5) and (3) placing the film obtained by suction filtration into the inner liner of a reaction kettle, then adding hydrazine hydrate, and determining the using amount of the hydrazine hydrate according to the mass ratio of the film to the hydrazine hydrate of 1: 2. Reacting for 10 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the target product.
The samples in example 1 are respectively subjected to analysis tests on morphology and electrochemical properties, and the results show that the prepared samples show excellent electrochemical properties.
As shown in FIG. 3, the prepared bismuth-alkene has an ultrathin lamellar structure and a large specific surface area, is beneficial to full contact and infiltration of electrolyte and a negative electrode material, and effectively relieves volume expansion of a battery in the charging and discharging processes.
As shown in FIG. 4, the prepared bismuth-alkene has an ultrathin lamellar structure, and the thickness is 0.5-2 nanometers.
As shown in fig. 6, the bismuth and carbon in the prepared bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material are uniformly distributed, which is beneficial to electron conduction and volume expansion relief.
As shown in fig. 7, the prepared bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material has good flexibility, and is beneficial to relieving the problem of volume expansion.
Fig. 8 is a cycle performance curve of the prepared bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material as a self-supporting potassium ion battery cathode. The test result shows that: in the voltage range of 0.01-3.0V, 1A g -1 Under the current density, the initial reversible specific capacity of the electrode material is 224.9mA h g -1 After 500 times of charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate is 93.5%, and the material shows excellent cycle performance.
Example 2
The preparation steps of the bismuth graphene/graphene composite material cathode material of the embodiment are as follows:
(1) putting 0.5g of metal bismuth powder into a container, adding 200mL of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25h in a cold water bath, then centrifuging at 1000rpm, and collecting supernatant;
(2) adding 15mL of reducing agent sodium borohydride solution into the supernatant obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring until the solution is not colored any more;
(3) centrifuging the liquid in the step (2) at 8000rpm, washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 times respectively, and freeze-drying in vacuum;
(4) introducing Ar into deionized water for 20min to remove oxygen in the water, adding the bismuth alkene obtained in the step (3) into the deoxidized deionized water, mixing graphene oxide and the bismuth alkene according to the mass ratio of 1:3, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 7h, performing vacuum filtration and membrane pumping, and performing vacuum drying on the bismuth alkene/graphene;
(5) and (3) putting the film obtained by suction filtration into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, then adding ethylene glycol, and determining the dosage of the ethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of the film to the ethylene glycol of 1: 2. Reacting for 10 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain the target product.
The samples in example 2 were subjected to analysis tests of morphology and electrochemical properties, respectively, and the results show that the prepared samples showed excellent capacity retention and showed good electrochemical properties.
Example 3
The preparation steps of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material negative electrode material are as follows:
1) putting 0.5g of metal bismuth powder into a container, adding 200 mLN-methyl pyrrolidone, performing cold bath ultrasound for 30h, centrifuging at 800rpm, and collecting supernatant;
(2) adding 20mL of reducing agent hydrazine hydrate into the supernatant obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring until the solution does not change color any more;
(3) centrifuging the liquid in the step (2) at 5000rpm, washing the liquid for 2 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying;
(4) will N 2 Introducing deionized water into the deionized water for 10min to remove oxygen in the water, adding the bismuth alkene obtained in the step (3) into the deoxidized deionized water, mixing graphene oxide and the bismuth alkene according to the mass ratio of 1:5, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 7h, performing vacuum filtration, membrane pumping, and performing vacuum drying on the bismuth alkene/graphene;
(5) and (3) placing the film obtained by suction filtration into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, then adding isopropanol, and determining the dosage of the isopropanol according to the mass ratio of the film to the isopropanol of 1: 2. Reacting for 15 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the target product.
The samples in example 3 were subjected to analysis tests of morphology and electrochemical properties, respectively, and the results show that the prepared samples showed excellent capacity retention and showed good electrochemical properties.
Example 4
The preparation steps of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material negative electrode material are as follows:
1) putting 0.5g of metal bismuth powder into a container, adding 200mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, performing cold bath ultrasound for 10h, centrifuging at 500rpm, and collecting supernatant;
(2) adding 30mL of reducing agent sodium borohydride into the supernatant obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring until the solution is not discolored any more;
(3) centrifuging the liquid in the step (2) at 10000rpm, washing the liquid for 2 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and freeze-drying the liquid in vacuum;
(4) will N 2 Introducing deionized water for 10min to remove oxygen in the water, adding the bismuth alkene obtained in the step (3) into the deoxidized deionized water, mixing graphene oxide and the bismuth alkene according to the mass ratio of 1:2, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10h, performing vacuum filtration and membrane pumping, and performing vacuum drying on the bismuth alkene/graphene;
(5) and (3) putting the film obtained by suction filtration into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, then adding formaldehyde, and determining the dosage of the formaldehyde according to the mass ratio of the film to the formaldehyde of 1: 1. Reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the target product.
The samples in example 4 were subjected to morphological and electrochemical performance analysis tests, and the results show that the prepared samples showed excellent capacity retention and showed good electrochemical performance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) putting metal bismuth powder into a container, adding a solvent, performing ultrasonic crushing in a cold water bath, and then centrifuging to collect supernatant;
(2) adding a reducing agent into the supernatant obtained in the step (1), continuously stirring, centrifuging, washing, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain bismuth alkene;
(3) dispersing the bismuth alkene obtained in the step (2) into deoxygenated deionized water, mixing with graphene oxide, performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and performing vacuum filtration and membrane pumping to obtain a thin film;
(4) and (3) placing the film obtained by suction filtration into the inner liner of a reaction kettle, and then adding a reducing agent for reaction to obtain the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material.
2. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: transferring 0.5g of metal bismuth powder as a reference in the step (1) into a container, adding 200mL of solvent, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for: 8-30 h; the solvent is one or a mixture of two of deionized water and N-methyl pyrrolidone, and the centrifugal rotation speed is 300-2000 rpm.
3. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the reducing agent in the step (2) is one or a mixture of more than one of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, ascorbic acid, isopropanol and glucose.
4. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the centrifugal speed in the step (2) is 3000-.
5. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the de-ionized water with oxygen removed adopts Ar or N which is introduced for 10min 2 Removing oxygen in water, wherein the mass ratio of bismuth to graphene is (2-5): 1, and the ultrasonic time is 4-10 h.
6. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the film to the reducing agent in the step (4) is 1: (1-4).
7. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the reaction temperature is 80-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 8-18 h.
8. The method for preparing the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the reducing agent is one or a mixture of more than one of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, ascorbic acid, isopropanol and glucose.
9. The bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the two-dimensional bismuth alkene in the composite material has an ultrathin lamellar structure, the thickness of the bismuth alkene is 0.5-2nm, the bismuth alkene is compounded with graphene to form a film, and the film is loose and porous.
10. The use of the bismuth-graphene/graphene composite material of claim 9 as a negative electrode material for a potassium ion battery.
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