CN114897440B - Multi-dimensional vision field-based environmental risk assessment and analysis method and system for tailing pond area - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional vision field-based environmental risk assessment and analysis method and system for tailing pond area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating and analyzing environmental risk of a tailing pond area based on a point source-drainage basin-river multi-dimensional vision field, which relate to the field of tailing pond risk evaluation analysis and early warning, and are characterized in that firstly, tailing pond data in the area and basic data of the areas such as terrain, hydrology and the like are collected; preprocessing the collected data; calculating the superposed environmental risk of each position of each river in the region based on the preprocessed data, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the region; and performing risk division analysis, risk traceability analysis and risk simulation analysis on the risk area based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all rivers in the area. The invention establishes a method and a system for evaluating and analyzing the environmental risk of the tailing pond area based on a point source-drainage basin-river multi-dimensional vision field, and can realize scientific evaluation of the environmental risk of the tailing pond area and accurate identification of a high risk area, a risk main source reservoir, an important tailing pond, a key tailing pond and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tailing pond risk assessment analysis and early warning, in particular to a tailing pond area environment risk assessment analysis method and a tailing pond area environment risk assessment analysis system based on a point source-river basin-river multi-dimensional visual field.
Background
The tailings pond is a storage place for building a dam around a valley opening or a gentle terrain and storing tailings or other industrial waste residues discharged after ore separation by mine enterprises such as metal and nonmetal. The large-scale artificial earth surface structure is a large-scale structure for artificially changing the earth surface form, is large in scale generally, has complicated components of stockpiled tailings and high environmental harmfulness, belongs to a major safety and environmental risk source, and can cause serious pollution and damage to rivers, farmlands and the like around a reservoir area and damage to residents and various organisms at the downstream of the reservoir area in case of accidents. The quantity of tailings ponds in China is large, the safety foundation of the tailings pond environment is weak, so that the sudden environmental events of the tailings pond are frequent, and the emergency management work of the tailings pond environment is severe. Particularly, as shown in fig. 3, the tailings ponds in some areas are densely distributed, and are schematic diagrams of areas where certain tailings ponds are densely distributed, wherein accidents of any one tailings pond may threaten the ecological environment safety of rivers in the river basin, and the superimposed environmental risks are particularly prominent.
However, the current national tailing pond risk prevention and control and emergency management work still stays in point source prevention of risks and terminal disposal of emergency environmental events, the systematic research and application work in the aspect of tailing pond area environmental risk assessment are very weak and almost in 'blank', and the environmental risk condition of a tailing pond area is not well mastered, so that the work of omnibearing joint prevention and control of environmental risk of the tailing pond, strict control of tailing pond admission in a high-risk area and the like is difficult to really and effectively fall to a real position, an effective omnibearing tailing pond environmental risk joint prevention and control system covering from a point source to a surface area is difficult to form, the high-risk condition of the emergency environmental events of the tailing pond is difficult to really and effectively inhibit, and the safety of the area environment is ensured.
The evaluation and analysis of the regional risk of the tailing pond have great significance for establishing comprehensive joint control of environmental risk and joint defense of the regional environment of the tailing pond, and the like, so that the evaluation and analysis method of the regional environmental risk of the tailing pond is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a tailing pond area environmental risk assessment analysis method and system based on a multi-dimensional visual field.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a tailing pond area environmental risk assessment analysis method based on a multi-dimensional visual field comprises the following steps:
a data collection step: collecting data of the tailings pond in the area and basic data of the area;
a data preprocessing step: preprocessing the collected data;
a risk assessment step: and calculating the superposed environmental risk of each position of each river in the region based on the preprocessed data, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the region.
Optionally, the tailings pond data includes: tailing pond position T L And the storage capacity T of the tailing pond V Safety grade T of tailing pond S Tailing type T T And the characteristic pollutant solubility multiple of the tailing pondT C ；
The region base data includes: zone boundary Z B Topographic elevation Z G River distribution Z H Annual average rainfall Z Y Radial flow coefficient Z J 。
Optionally, the data preprocessing step specifically includes:
step 2.1, spatializing the collected data;
step 2.2, vector data in the spatialized data comprise a tailing pond position T L River distribution Z H Rasterizing is carried out to obtain river grid pixels and tailing pond grid pixels;
step 2.3, carrying out safety grade T on the tailing pond S Type T of tailings T Carrying out numeralization and normalization;
step 2.4, according to the zone boundary Z B And (6) cutting.
Optionally, in the risk assessment step, for the ith river H in the area i At j position P i，j I.e. the ith river H i The method for calculating the superimposed environmental risk of the jth river grid pixel comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, obtaining position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j ；
Step 3.2, calculating the upstream catchment area W i,j Catchment volume V of i,j ；
Step 3.3, extracting the upstream catchment area W i,j In-range tailings pond collection S i,j ；
Step 3.4, respectively calculating a tailing pond set S i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risks of (a);
step 3.5, collecting S according to the tailings pond i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Calculating a tailings pond set S i,j To position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j ，
Wherein m is shown inTailing pond collection S i,j Number of medium tailings ponds, R i,j,k Represents a tailing pond set S i,j The kth tailing pond S in (1) i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk of (a);
and (5) circulating the steps from 3.1 to 3.5 until the superposed environmental risks of all the positions of all the rivers in the area are calculated, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all the positions of all the rivers in the area.
Optionally, in step 3.4, the tailings pond set S is calculated i,j The kth tailing pond S in (1) i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k The method comprises the following steps:
step 3.4.1, extracting tailings pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k And calculating a flow path F i,j,k The length of (d);
step 3.4.2, calculating tailings pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k ：
R i,j,k ＝(T V (S i,j,k )*T S ’(S i,j,k )*T T ’(S i,j,k )*T C (S i,j,k ))/(V i,j *D(F i,j,k ))；
Wherein: t is a unit of V (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k The storage capacity of (2); t is a unit of S ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k A normalized value of the security level; t is T ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Normalized value of tailings type of (a); t is C (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Characteristic contaminant solubility multiple of (a); v i,j Indicates position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j The catchment amount of (a); d (F) i,j,k ) Indicating tailings reservoir S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k The length of (d);
and (3.4.1) the steps from the step 3.4.2 are repeated until a tailing pond set S is calculated i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risks.
Optionally, the method further includes a risk analysis step, where the risk analysis step includes three parts, namely risk compartmental analysis, risk traceability analysis, and risk simulation analysis;
the risk division analysis refers to dividing risk areas based on environmental risk sets R of all positions of all rivers in the area, and comprises risk area division based on risk levels and risk area division based on division units;
the risk tracing analysis refers to identifying and extracting a tailing pond mainly influencing environmental risks at a target position;
the risk simulation analysis means that risk simulation evaluation analysis under different conditions and conditions is carried out by changing the data of the tailings pond in the area and the basic data of the area, so as to predict the change condition of the environmental risk of the area.
Optionally, in the risk zone analysis:
risk area partitioning based on risk level: classifying the environmental risks from low to high based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all rivers in the area, and performing classified rendering display on a map to form a tailing pond area environmental risk distribution map;
risk area division based on zone units: based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all the rivers in the area, administrative area boundaries, river basin boundaries and water system network partition data are superposed, and the area risk conditions of different administrative areas, different river basins and different water systems are counted by using a space superposition analysis method.
Optionally, the risk tracing analysis method specifically includes:
step a, aiming at river H i Middle position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j Respectively calculating a tailing pond set S i,j Zhongyi tailing pond S i,j,k Independent environmental risk R i,j,k For superimposed environmental risks R i,j Contribution ratio C of i,j,k ，C i,j,k ＝R i,j,k /R i,j ；
Step b, gathering S for tailing pond i,j In each tailing pond S i,j,k Risk contribution rate C of i,j,k Sorting from big to small;
c, the front tailing ponds with the accumulated risk contribution rate more than or equal to 0.8 are P i，j Main risk source library T corresponding to positions p i,j Major risk source repository T p i,j The first in the middle rank is P i，j Key tailings reservoirs corresponding to the positions;
step d, on the basis of the steps a-c, a main risk source base T aiming at all risk areas can be further realized p i,j The frequency of the occurrence of each tailing pond is counted by using frequency statistical analysis, and the tailing ponds are sorted from high to low according to the frequency, wherein the tailing pond with the top 20 percent of the ranking is the key tailing pond.
A tailings pond area environmental risk assessment analysis system, comprising:
the data collection module is used for collecting data of the tailings pond in the region and basic data of the region;
the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the collected data;
and the risk evaluation module is used for calculating the superposed environmental risk at each position of each river in the area and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the area.
Optionally, the system further includes a risk analysis module, where the risk analysis module includes risk zone analysis, risk tracing analysis, and risk simulation analysis.
According to the technical scheme, the invention discloses a tailing pond area environmental risk assessment and analysis method and system based on a multi-dimensional visual field, and compared with the prior art, the method and system have the following beneficial effects:
the invention establishes a tailings pond area environmental risk assessment analysis method and system based on point source-drainage basin-river multidimensional vision field by using methods of drainage basin analysis, hydrological analysis, space superposition analysis and the like based on a point source distribution pattern of a tailings pond, the structural characteristics of a hierarchical drainage basin and a river network of an area, and the risk action mechanism of the tailings pond on the drainage basin and the river, and realizes scientific assessment of environmental risk of the tailings pond area and accurate identification of a high-risk area, a risk main source bank, a key tailings pond and the like.
In the aspect of social effect, the method provides key technical support for joint defense and joint control of regional environmental risks of the tailing pond and admittance and planning of the regional tailing pond, and plays an important role in guaranteeing environmental safety of peripheral regions of the tailing pond and maintaining social stability.
In the economic effect, the invention can realize the evaluation and analysis of the environmental risks in the tailing pond area through a relatively simple and economic method, thereby timely mastering the distribution pattern of the environmental risks in the area, identifying key information of the environmental risks of the tailing pond such as key risk areas, risk main source reservoirs, key tailing ponds and the like, helping to timely prevent and control the environmental risks, ensuring the environmental safety and further avoiding the ecological environment hazard and the social economic loss.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of method steps in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a densely distributed area of a tailings pond;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the risk assessment steps of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a risk analysis procedure according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a position P in the river network in the area of the embodiment i，j The risk relation structure diagram of 'a tailing pond point source-drainage basin-river' is shown;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the effect of environmental risk assessment and zoning simulation in a tailings pond area in an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The tailing pond is a key environmental risk source, the risk prevention and control and emergency management work of the tailing pond are well done, and the tailing pond has important significance for guaranteeing the safety of the regional ecological environment. Therefore, for the environmental risk prevention and control and emergency management needs of the tailing pond, by combining the point source distribution pattern of the tailing pond, the hierarchical watershed structure characteristics of the area and the risk action mechanism of the tailing pond on the watershed, and by using methods such as watershed analysis, hydrological analysis and spatial superposition analysis, a tailing pond area environmental risk assessment and analysis method based on the multidimensional view of point source-watershed-river and the action characteristics of point source-area is established to scientifically answer how does the risk superposition effect of multiple risk point sources on the area? "," how is the overall distribution of environmental risks in the tailings pond area? "," where are important risk areas? "," are these risk areas mainly affected by which tailings ponds? "how does any change or addition of a tailing pond in a watershed have an impact on the environmental risk of the watershed? The method solves the problem that scientific problems and management need to be known urgently, and provides key technical support for joint defense and joint control of regional environmental risks of the tailing pond, admittance and planning of the regional tailing pond and the like.
The risk of the tailings pond to the surrounding environment is mainly reflected in the pollution of tailings and pollutants contained in the tailings to downstream rivers caused by various accidents such as dam break, dam overflow, piping, leakage and the like of the tailings pond. This risk is mainly influenced by the point source characteristics of the tailings pond (safety and reliability of the tailings pond, environmental harmfulness of the tailings, etc.) and the characteristics of the river basin (river level network structure, hydrological conditions, etc.), as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, based on the interaction relation of 'point source-drainage area-river', a river water system network in an area is used as a main risk receptor object, all tailing ponds in the area are used as risk point source objects, independent environmental risks of all the tailing ponds at different positions in the river network and upstream of the tailing ponds are evaluated and analyzed respectively, and then based on the superposition effect of the multi-point source risks in the drainage area space, the comprehensive superposition risk of the multiple point source risks in the area is calculated and obtained by utilizing space superposition analysis. Based on comprehensive superposition risk, high-risk area identification can be carried out, and high-risk river reach in a river network in an area can be accurately identified; and tracing and attribution analysis of risks can also be carried out, and the tailings ponds (main risk source ponds) from which the risks in high-risk areas mainly originate are analyzed.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a tailing pond area environment risk assessment and analysis method based on a multi-dimensional visual field, and the method is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, data collection.
And collecting the intra-area tailing pond data and the area basic data.
(1) The tailings pond data includes: tailing pond position T L And the storage capacity T of the tailing pond V Safety grade T of tailing pond S Type T of tailings T And the solubility multiple T of the characteristic pollutants of the tailing pond C 。
Tailing pond position T L : mainly defines the spatial relationship between the tailings pond and the region (river basin) and the river flow in the region. The potentially endangered rivers and the flow path distances to the different river segment locations of these rivers are analyzed based on the tailings pond location. The further the flow path distance, the less environmental risk.
Tailing pond capacity T V (unit cubic meter): mainly reflects the scale of the stockpiled tailings in the tailing pond. The larger the capacity of the tailing pond, the greater the environmental risk.
Tailing pond safety grade T S : mainly reflects the safety condition of the tailing pond. The safer the tailing pond is, the lower the probability of accidents such as leakage, dam overflow, dam break and the like of the tailing pond is, and the lower the environmental risk is.
Stockpiled tailings (solid waste) type T T : the type of the tailings (solid waste) stockpiled in a tailing pond mainly comprises general industrial solid waste I type and general industryIndustrial solid wastes II and dangerous wastes. The risk of the tailings pond to the surrounding environment is directly related to the solid waste type of the stockpiling of the tailings pond.
Tailing pond characteristic pollutant solubility multiple T C (dimensionless): the characteristic pollutants of the tailing pond refer to typical pollutants which can reflect the influence on the surrounding environment in the ingredients of the tailings or the tailing percolate stored in the tailing pond. The characteristic pollutant solubility multiple refers to the ratio of the concentration of the characteristic pollutant measured in the tailings or the tailings water to the standard value of the pollutant in the national environmental quality standard. The larger the ratio is, the higher the characteristic pollutant solubility of the tailing pond is reflected, and the higher the risk is. When there are many kinds of characteristic pollutants, the characteristic pollutant with the largest multiple is taken as the standard.
(2) The area basic data includes: zone boundary Z B Topographic elevation Z G River distribution Z H Annual average rainfall Z Y Radial flow coefficient Z J 。
Zone boundary Z B : mainly used for defining the scope of evaluation analysis.
Elevation of the terrain Z G : the method is mainly used for calculating the regional rainfall flow direction and flow path, the catchment area, the catchment amount and the like.
River distribution Z H : is a receptor of environmental risks and is mainly used for evaluating the environmental risk intensity of different positions of different rivers in a region.
Annual average rainfall Z Y (unit meter) and runoff coefficient Z J (dimensionless): the method is mainly used for calculating the catchment amount of the upstream catchment area at different positions of different rivers, namely the runoff amount of the position of the river. Runoff volume reflects the disaster recovery capability of rivers to risk. The greater the runoff, the greater the dilution of the contaminants and the lower the risk. The runoff is mainly determined by the upstream rainfall and the upstream runoff coefficient. Wherein the annual average rainfall Z Y In meters, runoff coefficient Z J Is [0,1 ]]Dimensionless number of (a).
And 2, preprocessing data.
Step 2.1, spatialization: position T of the collected tailings pond L Annual average rainfall Z Y Menstrual flow coefficient Z J Data passing spatializationAnd spatial interpolation, etc., to make it vector or grid data with spatial reference and position.
Step 2.2, rasterization: the position T of the tailing pond is converted into a position T of a position grid through a vector L River distribution Z H And converting the vector data into raster data to obtain river raster pixels and tailing pond raster pixels for calculation. In particular for the river profile Z therein H The vector data needs to be rasterized because of the environmental risks of its different locations to be computed. The size of the grid pixel during rasterization is consistent with the scale of the terrain elevation or the size of the pixel.
Step 2.3, numeralization and normalization: safety grade T of collected tailings pond S Type T of tailings (solid waste) T Conversion of non-numerical type index into [0,1 ]]The numerical value of (c). The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) Sequencing and numbering: according to the influence degree on the ecological environment, all possible values of the indexes are sequenced from small to large and numbered in the sequence with 1 as a serial number.
(2) Normalization: the method is N' = N/N max In which N is max The maximum number value is shown, and N' are the number before normalization and the value after normalization, respectively.
For example, see table 1, which is a value of index normalization in an embodiment.
TABLE 1
Step 2.4, cutting: to avoid unnecessary data computation processing, zone boundaries Z are utilized B The collected data or the preprocessed data is cropped.
And 3, risk assessment.
And calculating the superposed environmental risks at each position of each river in the region based on the preprocessed data, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the region, which is shown in FIG. 4.
For the ith river H in the region i At j position P i，j (i.e., the ith river H) i The jth river grid pixel) above), the method for calculating the superimposed environmental risk thereof is as follows:
step 3.1, obtaining position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j 。
Extracting P by GIS hydrological analysis based on topographic data i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j I.e. the extent of the area of risk origin at that location. Catchment area W i,j The tailings pond within the range is supplied with P i，j Bringing environmental risks.
Step 3.2, calculating an upstream catchment area W i,j Water catchment amount V i,j (in cubic meters).
Based on upstream catchment area W i,j Annual average rainfall Z Y And runoff coefficient Z J Data, extracting upstream catchment area W by GIS hydrological analysis i,j Water catchment amount V i,j In cubic meters. The following are specifically mentioned:
A. if the difference of runoff coefficients at different positions is not considered, Z J Can be replaced by 1, i.e. (Z) J ＝1)；
B. If the difference of the rainfall at different positions is not considered, Z Y Can be replaced by 1, i.e. (Z) Y ＝1)。
Step 3.3, extracting the upstream catchment area W i,j In-range tailings pond collection S i,j 。
Based on catchment area W i,j And tailings pond position data T L Extracting catchment area W by GIS space query analysis i,j In-range tailings pond collection S i,j 。
Step 3.4, respectively calculating a tailing pond set S i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risk of (a):
step 3.4.1, extracting the kth tailing pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k And calculating a flow path F i,j,k Of the length of (c). Flow path F i,j,k P refers to the condition that water from tailings or tailings flows into rivers after leaking i，j Path of position, based mainly on terrain data, tailings pond S i,j,k Position of (1), position P in river i，j And carrying out hydrological analysis and extraction by using a GIS. Flow path F based on extraction i,j,k Calculating a flow path F by GIS distance calculation analysis i,j,k Length D (F) of i,j,k ) I.e. tailings ponds S i,j,k And P in river i，j The flow path distance of a location is in meters. Generally, the further the distance, the less risk.
Step 3.4.2, calculating the kth tailing pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k ：
R i,j,k ＝(T V (S i,j,k )*T S ’(S i,j,k )*T T ’(S i,j,k )*T C (S i,j,k ))/(V i,j *D(F i,j,k ))；
Wherein: t is V (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k The storage capacity of (2); t is S ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k A normalized value of the security level; t is T ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Normalized values of tailings type of (a); t is C (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings reservoir S i,j,k Characteristic contaminant solubility multiple of (a); v i,j Indicates position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j The catchment amount of (2); d (F) i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k Length of (d), unit of meter;
and (4) circulating the steps from 3.4.1 to 3.4.2 until the tailing pond set S is calculated i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risks of (a);
step 3.5, collecting S according to the tailings pond i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Calculating a tailings pond set S i,j To position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j ，
Wherein m represents the tailMining set S i,j And (4) the number of medium tailings reservoirs.
Step 3.1 to step 3.5 are circulated, and river H is obtained through calculation and summarization i Risk set R for different locations i And further summarizing to obtain the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all the rivers in the region.
In another embodiment, the method further comprises a risk analysis step, wherein the risk analysis step comprises three parts of risk zone analysis, risk traceability analysis and risk simulation analysis, and refer to fig. 2 and 5.
(1) The risk division analysis refers to dividing risk areas based on the environmental risk sets R at all positions of all rivers in the area, and specifically includes:
risk area partitioning based on risk level: based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all the rivers in the area, the environmental risks are classified from low to high by a classification method, and are subjected to classification rendering display on a map to form a tailing pond area environmental risk distribution map, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 7. On the basis, based on the risk distribution map, the distribution position of a high-risk area, namely a high-risk river reach, in the area can be further identified;
risk area division based on zone units: based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all the rivers in the region, administrative region boundaries, river basin boundaries and water system network partition data are superposed, and the regional risk conditions of different partition units of different administrative regions, different river basins, different water systems and the like are counted by using a space superposition analysis method. On this basis, high risk area units can then be identified.
(2) The risk tracing analysis is to extract a tailing pond which mainly influences the environmental risk of a target position, and comprises the following specific steps:
step a, aiming at river H i Middle position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j Respectively calculating a tailing pond set S i,j Zhongyi tailing pond S i,j,k Independent environmental risk R i,j,k For superimposed environmental risks R i,j Contribution ratio of (C) i,j,k ，C i,j,k ＝R i,j,k /R i,j ；
Step b, gathering S for tailing pond i,j In each tailing pond S i,j,k Risk contribution rate C of i,j,k Sorting from big to small;
c, taking the front tailings ponds with the accumulated risk contribution rate of just more than or equal to 0.8 as P i，j Main risk source library T corresponding to positions p i,j Major risk source repository T p i,j The first in the middle rank is P i，j Key tailings reservoirs corresponding to the positions;
step d, on the basis of the steps a-c, can further aim at all risk areas (especially the high-risk river reach P in the area) h i,j ) Extracted main risk source library T p i,j The frequency of the occurrence of each tailing pond is counted by using frequency statistical analysis, and the tailing ponds are sorted from high to low according to the frequency, wherein the tailing pond with the top 20 percent of the ranking is the key tailing pond.
(3) The risk simulation analysis is to change the tailing pond data such as the number of tailing ponds, the storage capacity, the safety level, the characteristic pollutant solubility multiple and the like in an area (especially for key tailing ponds, key tailing ponds and the like related to a high-risk area) and the area basic data such as the annual average rainfall, the runoff coefficient and the like in the area, perform risk assessment by using the step 3 again, perform simulation assessment analysis of the risk, simulate and predict the environmental risk change conditions of different areas (especially in the high-risk area) under different conditions and situations, and provide decision support for area risk prevention and control and area tailing pond admission.
In another embodiment, a system for evaluating and analyzing environmental risk of a tailing pond area based on a multidimensional view is also disclosed, which corresponds to the above method, and with reference to fig. 8, includes:
the data collection module is used for collecting data of the tailings pond in the area and basic data of the area such as terrain, hydrology and the like;
the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the collected data;
and the risk evaluation module is used for calculating the superposed environmental risks at each position of each river in the area and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the area.
Optionally, the system further includes a risk analysis module, where the risk analysis module includes risk zone analysis, risk tracing analysis, and risk simulation analysis.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The system device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A tailing pond area environmental risk assessment and analysis method based on a multi-dimensional visual field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a data collection step: collecting data of the tailings pond in the region and basic data of the region; the tailings pond data comprises: tailing pond position T L And the storage capacity T of the tailing pond V Safety grade T of tailing pond S Tailing type T T And the solubility multiple T of the characteristic pollutants of the tailing pond C (ii) a The region base data includes: zone boundary Z B Topographic elevation Z G River distribution Z H Annual average rainfall Z Y And runoff coefficient Z J ；
A data preprocessing step: preprocessing the collected data, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, spatializing the collected data;
step 2.2, vector data in the spatialized data, including the position T of the tailing pond L And river distribution Z H Performing rasterization to obtain river grid pixels and tailing pond grid pixels;
step 2.3, carrying out safety grade T on the tailing pond S And tailings type T T Carrying out numeralization and normalization;
step 2.4, according to the zone boundary Z B Cutting is carried out;
risk assessment step: calculating the superposed environmental risk of each position of each river in the region based on the preprocessed data, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the region; for the ith river H in the region i At j position P i，j I.e. the ith river H i The method for calculating the superimposed environmental risk of the jth river grid pixel comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, obtaining position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j ；
Step 3.2, calculating an upstream catchment area W i,j Water catchment amount V i,j ；
Step 3.3, extracting the upstream catchment area W i,j In-range tailings pond collection S i,j ；
Step 3.4, respectively calculating a tailing pond set S i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risk of (a); calculating tailings pond set S i,j The kth tailing pond S in (1) i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k The method comprises the following steps:
step 3.4.1, extracting tailings pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k And calculating a flow path F i,j,k Length of (d);
step 3.4.2, calculating tailings pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k ：
R i,j,k ＝(T V (S i,j,k )*T S ’(S i,j,k )*T T ’(S i,j,k )*T C (S i,j,k ))/(V i,j *D(F i,j,k ))；
Wherein: t is V (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings reservoir S i,j,k The storage capacity of (2); t is a unit of S ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k A normalized value of the security level; t is a unit of T ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Normalized values of tailings type of (a); t is C (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Characteristic contaminant solubility multiple of (a); v i,j Indicates position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j The catchment amount of (2); d (F) i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k Length of (d);
and (4) circulating the step 3.4.1 to the step 3.4.2 until a tailing pond set S is calculated i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risk of (a);
step 3.5, collecting S according to a tailing pond i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Calculating a tailings pond set S i,j To position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j ，
Wherein m represents a tailings pond collection S i,j Number of medium tailings ponds, R i,j,k Represents a tailing pond set S i,j The kth tailing pond S in (1) i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risks of (a);
and (5) circulating the steps from 3.1 to 3.5 until the superposed environmental risks of all the positions of all the rivers in the area are calculated, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all the positions of all the rivers in the area.
2. The environmental risk assessment and analysis method for the tailing pond area based on the multidimensional vision field as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a risk analysis step, wherein the risk analysis step comprises three parts of risk zone analysis, risk tracing analysis and risk simulation analysis;
the risk division analysis refers to dividing risk areas based on environmental risk sets R of all positions of all rivers in an area, and comprises risk area division based on risk levels and risk area division based on division units;
the risk tracing analysis is to identify and extract a tailing pond which has main influence on the environmental risk of a target position;
the risk simulation analysis means that risk simulation evaluation analysis under different conditions and conditions is carried out by changing the data of the tailings pond in the area and the basic data of the area, so as to predict the change condition of the environmental risk of the area.
3. The method for analyzing environmental risk assessment of tailings pond area based on multidimensional vision field according to claim 2, wherein in the risk zone analysis:
risk area partitioning based on risk level: classifying the environmental risks from low to high based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all rivers in the area, and performing classified rendering display on a map to form a tailing pond area environmental risk distribution map;
risk area division based on zone units: based on the environmental risk sets R of all the positions of all the rivers in the area, administrative area boundaries, river basin boundaries or water system network partition data are superposed, and the area risk conditions of different administrative areas, different river basins or different water systems are counted by using a space superposition analysis method.
4. The environmental risk assessment and analysis method for the tailing pond area based on the multidimensional vision field according to claim 2, wherein the risk traceability analysis method specifically comprises:
step a, aiming at river H i Middle position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j Respectively calculating a tailing pond set S i,j Zhongyi tailing pond S i,j,k Independent environmental risk R i,j,k For superimposed environmental risks R i,j Contribution ratio of (C) i,j,k ，C i,j,k ＝R i,j,k /R i,j ；
Step b, collecting S for tailing pond i,j In each tailing pond S i,j,k Risk contribution rate C i,j,k Sorting from big to small;
c, taking the front tailings ponds with the accumulated risk contribution rate of more than or equal to 0.8 as P i，j Main risk source library T corresponding to positions p i,j Major risk source database T p i,j The first in the middle rank is P i，j Key tailings reservoirs corresponding to the positions;
step d, on the basis of the steps a-c, further aiming at the main risk source base T of all risk areas p i,j The frequency of the occurrence of each tailing pond is counted by using frequency statistical analysis, and the tailing ponds are sorted from high to low according to the frequency, wherein the tailing pond with the top 20 percent of the ranking is the key tailing pond.
5. A tailings pond area environmental risk assessment analysis system based on multi-dimensional visual field is characterized by comprising:
the data collection module is used for collecting data of the tailings pond in the region and basic data of the region; the tailings pond data comprises: tailing pond position T L And the storage capacity T of the tailing pond V Safety grade T of tailing pond S Tailing type T T And the solubility multiple T of the characteristic pollutants of the tailing pond C (ii) a The region base data includes: zone boundary Z B Topographic elevation Z G River distribution Z H Annual average rainfall Z Y And runoff coefficient Z J ；
The data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the collected data, and specifically comprises:
spatializing the collected data;
vector data in the spatialized data, including the position T of the tailing pond L And river distribution Z H Rasterizing is carried out to obtain river grid pixels and tailing pond grid pixels;
safety grade T of tailing pond S And tailings type T T Performing numeralization and normalization;
according to zone boundary Z B Cutting is carried out;
the risk evaluation module is used for calculating the superposed environmental risks of each position of each river in the area and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all positions of all rivers in the area; for the ith river H in the region i At j (th) position P i，j I.e. the ith river H i The method for calculating the superimposed environmental risk of the jth river grid pixel comprises the following steps:
obtaining the position P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j ；
Calculating the upstream catchment area W i,j Catchment volume V of i,j ；
Extracting upstream catchment areas W i,j In-range tailings pond collection S i,j ；
Respectively calculating tailings pond collections S i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risks of (a); calculating tailings pond set S i,j The kth tailing pond S in (1) i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k The method comprises the following steps:
extraction of tailings pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k And calculating a flow path F i,j,k Length of (d);
calculating tailings pond S i,j,k To position P i，j Independent environmental risk R i,j,k ：
R i,j,k ＝(T V (S i,j,k )*T S ’(S i,j,k )*T T ’(S i,j,k )*T C (S i,j,k ))/(V i,j *D(F i,j,k ))；
Wherein: t is a unit of V (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k The storage capacity of (2); t is a unit of S ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k A normalized value of the security level; t is T ’(S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Normalized values of tailings type of (a); t is C (S i,j,k ) Indicating tailings ponds S i,j,k Characteristic contaminant solubility multiple of (a); v i,j To representPosition P i，j Upstream catchment area W i,j The catchment amount of (a); d (F) i,j,k ) Indicating tailings reservoir S i,j,k To position P i，j Flow path F of i,j,k Length of (d);
circulating until calculating the tailing pond set S i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Independent environmental risk of (a);
according to the tailings pond set S i,j Each tailing pond in (1) is paired with a position P i，j Calculating the tailings pond set S i,j To position P i，j Superimposed environmental risk R i,j ，
Wherein m represents a tailings pond collection S i,j Number of medium tailings ponds, R i,j,k Represents a tailing pond set S i,j The kth tailing pond S in (1) i,j,k To position P i ， j Independent environmental risks of (a);
and circulating until the superposed environmental risks of all the positions of all the rivers in the area are calculated, and summarizing to obtain an environmental risk set R of all the positions of all the rivers in the area.
6. The multi-dimensional view-based environmental risk assessment and analysis system for tailings pond areas is characterized by further comprising a risk analysis module, wherein the risk analysis module comprises risk zone analysis, risk source tracing analysis and risk simulation analysis.
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