CN114893767A - Mix ammonia cyclone burner with baffling structure - Google Patents
Mix ammonia cyclone burner with baffling structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114893767A CN114893767A CN202210504241.4A CN202210504241A CN114893767A CN 114893767 A CN114893767 A CN 114893767A CN 202210504241 A CN202210504241 A CN 202210504241A CN 114893767 A CN114893767 A CN 114893767A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
- F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/005—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or pulverulent fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2204/00—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply
- F23D2204/20—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply gaseous and pulverulent fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of burners, and discloses an ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffling structure, which comprises a feeding structure, a burning structure and a baffling structure; the combustion structure comprises a combustion stabilizing chamber and a combustion stabilizing chamber shell; the baffling structure comprises a guide cylinder, an ammonia baffle plate, a first adjusting mechanism and a baffling ring, wherein the baffling ring is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, and the ammonia baffle plate is composed of an inner-layer adjusting sheet, a middle-layer adjusting sheet and an outer-layer adjusting sheet. According to the invention, the direction of the airflow is changed by guiding the ammonia airflow according to the reflection principle and the self curvature of the baffle ring, and the fuel is injected into a specific area of the stable combustion chamber without extending a fuel pipe into the stable combustion chamber, so that the structure of the ammonia-doped burner is simplified; the ammonia baffle plate is designed into an adjustable structure, so that the size of an ammonia flow channel can be flexibly adjusted according to the load of a boiler, the ammonia mixing amount and the combustion condition in a stable combustion chamber, the incident point and the incident angle of ammonia gas flow are controlled, and the air tightness can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of burners, and particularly relates to an ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffling structure.
Background
At present, people pay more and more attention to CO worldwide 2 Great influence on global climate change. Meanwhile, the aim of 'double carbon' is to provide higher requirements for carbon emission reduction. The electric power department is the main artificial CO in China 2 And the emission source accounts for 40% of the total emission. Therefore, the reduction of the carbon emission of the power system mainly based on the coal-fired power plant is of great significance to the reduction of the carbon peak value. The blended combustion of the carbon-free fuel is a way of reducing carbon emission from the source, wherein ammonia and hydrogen are two kinds of carbon-free fuel with higher attention. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia has the advantages of easy liquefaction, easy storage, transportation, production, storage and transportation, and mature infrastructure, so that ammonia has the potential of realizing clean combustion and utilization in a short time.
The ammonia is used as carbon-free fuel for blending combustion in a power plant, so that a plurality of energy and environmental problems can be solved. First, ammonia as a carbon-free fuel can be obtained from a completely carbon-free process. The water is electrolyzed to prepare the hydrogen by using the light and wind abandoned renewable energy source, the cost of the ammonia synthesized by using the hydrogen as the raw material is lower, the ammonia is more environment-friendly, and meanwhile, the ammonia has a mature and convenient storage and transportation mode and is more suitable to be used as carbon-free fuel blended in a power plant. Therefore, the problem of renewable energy waste can be solved, and the carbon emission of a power plant can be reduced. Therefore, the ammonia-doped combustion of the power plant becomes a promising carbon emission reduction mode. However, the utilization of ammonia still has some challenges, and compared with the conventional hydrocarbon fuel, the ammonia has lower heat value, narrow flammability limit range and low laminar flame speed, so that the problems of difficult ignition and unstable combustion exist; ammonia, as a nitrogenous fuel, risks high NOx emissions; meanwhile, the combustion characteristics, burnout degree, slagging condition and the like after ammonia-doped combustion are not known. In addition, ammonia is corrosive, and the corrosion of burners by ammonia doping is a non-negligible problem.
In order to mix and burn ammonia as fuel in a power plant and obtain better ignition, stable combustion, burnout and emission characteristics, the structural design of the combustor is of great importance. Therefore, in order to make the ammonia-doped combustion cleaner, safer and more efficient, it is very necessary to design an ammonia-doped combustor suitable for combusting the common fuels (pulverized coal, biomass, solid waste particles and other fuels) of the power plant.
Chinese patent document (CN107477573B) discloses a combustion apparatus for injecting ammonia at the center of a burner for a pulverized coal boiler, which can reduce the NOx emission of the conventional horizontal industrial pulverized coal boiler, but the patent document discloses that only ammonia is used as a NOx reducing agent and is not directly used as fuel for combustion.
Chinese patent document (CN113623653A) discloses an atmosphere-adjustable axial-cutting multistage cyclone ammonia-doped burner, wherein the ignition stability of ammonia gas can be improved and the NOx emission can be reduced by adjusting graded wind by adopting an ammonia spraying mode at the center of the burner, but a structure for co-burning solid fuels such as coal dust, biomass, solid waste particles and the like is not provided; furthermore, the patent document does not consider the problem of corrosion of the burner by ammonia gas.
Chinese patent document (CN113864775A) discloses an ammonia-doped multi-phase fuel staged cyclone burner, which can regulate and control the fuel and air ratio in each combustion zone, and realize multi-effect coupling of multi-stage stable combustion and multi-stage lean and rich combustion for inhibiting NOx generation, but requires more pipelines for conveying fuel and air in the combustion zone, and the internal structure of the combustion chamber is complex.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
the existing power station burner has poor effects of ignition, stable combustion, burnout and NOx emission when being burnt by mixing ammonia, and the existing ammonia-mixing burner has complex structure, is easy to stain and slag, is easy to ablate and damage, and does not consider ammonia corrosion.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffling structure.
The invention is realized in this way, an ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffling structure comprises a feeding structure, a burning structure and a baffling structure;
the feeding structure is connected with the combustion structure, the combustion structure comprises a stable combustion chamber and a stable combustion chamber shell, and one end of a flow guide section of the stable combustion chamber shell is connected with the feeding structure shell;
the baffling structure comprises a guide cylinder, an ammonia baffle plate, a first adjusting mechanism and a baffling ring, wherein the tail end of the guide cylinder is connected with the ammonia baffle plate, and the first adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate;
the baffling ring is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, is arranged on a baffling section of the stable combustion chamber shell and is used for changing the flow direction of the ammonia gas flow so that the ammonia gas flow rushes to the center of the ammonia gas mixed combustion area;
the ammonia baffle plate is composed of an inner layer adjusting sheet, a middle layer adjusting sheet and an outer layer adjusting sheet, the inner layer adjusting sheet and the middle layer adjusting sheet are of a closed regular polygon structure when the ammonia baffle plate is closed, and the outer layer adjusting sheet is of a closed circular structure.
Furthermore, the feeding structure comprises a feeding structure shell and a primary air channel, a secondary air channel, a tertiary air channel and an ammonia gas channel which are positioned in the feeding structure shell and are sequentially arranged from the central shaft of the burner to the outside along the radial direction, and all the channels are separated by a partition plate; the primary air channel is used for conveying mixed air flow of fuel and primary air, the secondary air channel is used for conveying direct-current secondary air, and the tertiary air channel is used for conveying rotational flow tertiary air.
Furthermore, a tertiary air blade is installed at one end, close to the combustion stabilizing chamber, of the tertiary air channel, and the tertiary air swirl is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the tertiary air blade.
Furthermore, the other end of the guide cylinder is connected with a partition plate between the ammonia gas channel and the tertiary air channel.
Furthermore, the stable combustion chamber shell is divided into a flow guide section, a baffling section, a gradually expanding section and a contracting section, and a baffling ring groove is formed in the joint of the flow guide section and the baffling section and used for installing a baffling ring.
Furthermore, the guide shell is of a gradually expanding structure, and the inclination angle range of the guide shell is 5-15 degrees.
Furthermore, the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate is adjusted within the range of 30-50 degrees and is 5-10 degrees larger than the inclination angle of the baffle section of the stable combustion chamber shell.
Further, the length of the guide cylinder is 20-50 cm, the length of the ammonia baffle plate is 20-50 cm, and the lengths of the guide cylinder and the ammonia baffle plate correspond to the lengths of the guide section and the baffle section of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell.
Furthermore, the first adjusting structure is provided with a pull rod capable of moving horizontally, when the pull rod is pulled towards the direction close to the combustion stabilizing chamber, the adjusting sheet is opened, the inclination angle of the ammonia gas baffle plate is increased, and the ammonia gas flow passage is narrowed; when the pull rod is pulled towards the direction far away from the stable combustion chamber, the adjusting sheet is closed, the inclination angle of the ammonia gas baffle plate is reduced, and the ammonia gas flow passage is widened.
Furthermore, the baffle ring is of a structure with an inner surface protruding outwards in the radial direction, and two ends of the inner surface of the baffle ring in the axial direction are smoothly transited with the surface of the baffle ring groove of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell.
Furthermore, the combustion area of the stable combustion chamber is divided into a fuel combustion area, an ammonia gas mixed combustion area and a burnout area, in the fuel combustion area, the central rich fuel airflow is firstly combusted and transfers heat to peripheral light fuel airflow, and the central rich fuel airflow reaches the ammonia gas mixed combustion area after preheating and volatile release processes; in the ammonia gas mixing and burning zone, the ammonia gas is fully mixed with the flue gas from the fuel burning zone and is burnt; at the moment, the swirling tertiary air forms a backflow zone between the fuel combustion zone and the ammonia mixed combustion zone, the backflow zone can entrain high-temperature flue gas in the ammonia mixed combustion zone to heat central rich fuel airflow which just enters the stable combustion chamber, the ammonia, fuel volatile matters and coke are fully mixed, and heat is provided for ammonia pyrolysis and combustion.
In combination with the technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved, please analyze the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected in the present invention from the following aspects:
first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems to be solved by the technical scheme of the present invention are closely combined with results, data and the like in the research and development process, and some creative technical effects are brought after the problems are solved. The specific description is as follows:
according to the invention, according to the reflection principle and the self curvature of the baffle ring, the direction of the airflow is changed by the guiding action of the ammonia airflow, and the fuel is injected into a specific area of the stable combustion chamber without extending a fuel pipe into the stable combustion chamber or injecting the fuel from the shell position of the stable combustion chamber, so that the structure of the ammonia-doped burner is simplified;
the ammonia baffle plate is designed into an adjustable structure, so that the size of an ammonia flow channel can be flexibly adjusted according to the load of a boiler, the ammonia mixing amount and the combustion condition in a stable combustion chamber, the incident point and the incident angle of ammonia gas flow are controlled, and the air tightness can be ensured;
the baffle ring is made of heat-resistant ceramic materials, so that the corrosion of ammonia gas can be prevented, and the slag bonding of the baffle ring can be prevented by the flushing of the ammonia gas; through the baffling structure, the time for ammonia to enter the stable combustion chamber is delayed, and the problem that ammonia and fuel are combusted to compete for oxygen in the early combustion period is avoided;
the guide cylinder and the ammonia baffle plate are arranged outside the cyclone tertiary air, so that the lower temperature can be kept, most of fuel particles can be isolated, and the slagging problem is prevented; the shell of the stable combustion chamber prevents ammonia from diffusing in advance through the structure of the flow guide section and the flow deflection section, enhances the momentum of ammonia gas flow, and structurally eliminates the redundant negative pressure zone at the inlet of the cylindrical stable combustion chamber; the combustion area of the combustion stabilizing chamber is divided into three areas, namely a fuel combustion area, an ammonia gas mixed combustion area and a burnout area, so that the fuel can be fully combusted, the combustion stabilizing chamber has better combustion characteristics, the problem that ammonia gas is difficult to catch fire can be solved, stable flame is obtained, and meanwhile, the formed ammonia-rich fuel area can greatly reduce the generation of NOx and obtain better emission effect.
Secondly, considering the technical solution as a whole or from the perspective of products, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are specifically described as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention innovatively provides a baffling structure, which comprises a guide cylinder, an ammonia baffle, a first adjusting mechanism and a baffling ring, and can realize the technical effect of simultaneously doping and burning ammonia in a cyclone burner. The guide cylinder and the ammonia baffle plate can separate ammonia gas just entering the furnace from gas in the stable combustion chamber, so that the ammonia gas is prevented from being blown away by tertiary air; can preheat the ammonia that flows through heat-conduction, prevent that the ammonia temperature from crossing excessively, thereby reduce the combustion temperature in ammonia mixed combustion district and lead to burning flame unstability and flame-out. The flow guide cylinder, the ammonia baffle plate and the flow guide section and the flow deflection section of the stable combustion chamber shell form a flow channel which is bent and gradually reduced, so that the flow speed of ammonia is further improved, the rigidity of air flow is enhanced, and the air flow can reach an ammonia mixed combustion area and is fully mixed with secondary air and tertiary air.
The ammonia gas baffle plate provided by the technical scheme of the invention is of an adjustable structure and comprises an inner layer adjusting sheet, a middle layer adjusting sheet and an outer layer adjusting sheet, wherein the inner layer adjusting sheet and the middle layer adjusting sheet are of regular polygon structures when the ammonia gas baffle plate is closed, and the outer layer adjusting sheet is of a circular structure. The inner layer adjusting sheet and the middle layer adjusting sheet mainly play a role in sealing, so that gas in the combustion stabilizing chamber is prevented from leaking into the ammonia gas flow channel in advance; the petal-shaped structure of the outer layer regulating sheet can slide seamlessly when the ammonia baffle plate inclines, so that the air tightness is enhanced, and ammonia is prevented from escaping to the combustion stabilizing chamber in advance. The opening angle of the adjusting sheet can be adjusted through the first adjusting mechanism, so that the size of the opening is changed, and the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate is changed. When the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer of the adjusting sheet are completely closed, the ammonia baffle plate is in a state of minimum inclination angle; when the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer adjusting sheet are gradually opened, the flaring formed by the ammonia baffle plate is gradually enlarged outwards, the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate is gradually enlarged, and the outlet of the ammonia runner is gradually narrowed. The ammonia baffle plate with the structure can flexibly adjust the size of an ammonia flow channel according to the load of a boiler, the ammonia mixing amount and the combustion condition in a stable combustion chamber, and control the incidence point and the incidence angle of ammonia airflow.
The baffle ring provided by the technical scheme of the invention can change the flow direction of the ammonia gas flow, so that the ammonia gas flow rushes to the center of the ammonia gas mixed combustion area, a fuel pipe does not need to extend into the stable combustion chamber, or fuel is injected from the shell position of the stable combustion chamber, and the structure of the ammonia-doped combustor is simplified. The baffle ring is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic material, so that scouring corrosion and chemical corrosion of ammonia gas flow can be prevented. In addition, an ammonia catalyst can be loaded on the surface of the ceramic baffle ring, and the ammonia catalyst has the effects of accelerating the speed of pyrolyzing ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen, improving the ignition characteristic and the combustion characteristic of the ammonia gas in the stable combustion chamber, reducing the ignition point of the ammonia gas and improving the burnout rate of the ammonia gas.
According to the technical scheme, the stable combustion chamber is arranged at the outlet of the cyclone burner, so that ignition and stable combustion of ammonia gas doped with ammonia can be realized; the combustion stabilizing chamber shell with the flow guide section, the flow deflection section, the gradually expanding section and the contracting section is provided, redundant negative pressure regions in the combustion stabilizing chamber are reduced, and meanwhile, the flow deflection structure designed for ammonia-doped combustion can be well coupled.
Third, as an inventive supplementary proof of the claims of the present invention, there are also presented several important aspects:
(1) the expected income and commercial value after the technical scheme of the invention is converted are as follows:
the invention is applied to the traditional thermal power plant, the existing cyclone burner of the traditional thermal power plant can be replaced by the ammonia-doped cyclone burner, the reformation of the ammonia-doped combustion of the power plant can be quickly realized under the condition of not carrying out large-scale adjustment on the original boiler structure of the power plant, and the CO of the power plant is reduced from the source 2 And (4) discharging the amount. Can prolong the service life of the generator set of the boiler in service and solve the problem that certain boiler generator sets are CO 2 Emission limits and forced early retirement.
(2) The technical scheme of the invention fills the technical blank in the industry at home and abroad:
the technical scheme of the invention can directly apply the ammonia-doped cyclone burner to the active boiler unit, and fills the technical blank of the ammonia-doped cyclone burner under the scale of a high-load boiler.
(3) The technical scheme of the invention solves the technical problem that people are eagerly to solve but can not be successfully solved all the time:
the invention can prolong the service life of the boiler generator set in service and solve the problem that the boiler generator set is CO 2 Emission limits and forced early retirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffle structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combustion sub-area of a combustion stabilizing chamber and a sectional structure of a shell of the combustion stabilizing chamber provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the ammonia baffle regulating flap provided by the embodiment of the invention in a completely closed state.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia gas baffle regulating sheet in an unfolded state provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a feed structure; 200. a combustion structure; 101. a primary air channel; 102. a secondary air channel; 103. a tertiary air channel; 104. an ammonia gas channel; 105. tertiary air blades; 106. a partition plate; 107. a feed structure housing; 201. a stable combustion chamber; 202. a combustion stabilizing chamber housing; 301. a draft tube; 302. an ammonia gas baffle plate; 303. a first adjustment mechanism; 304. a baffle ring; 3021. an inner layer adjustment sheet; 3022. a middle layer regulating sheet; 3023. an outer layer adjusting sheet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
First, an embodiment is explained. This section is an explanatory embodiment expanding on the claims so as to fully understand how the present invention is embodied by those skilled in the art.
In the embodiment of the invention, the coal powder is selected as the fuel for ammonia blending combustion. Besides, the invention can also select solid fuels such as biomass, solid waste particles and the like and gas fuels such as natural gas, coal gas, synthesis gas and the like as the fuels for ammonia-doped combustion.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffle structure provided by the embodiment of the invention is composed of a feeding structure 100, a combustion structure 200 and a baffle structure.
The feeding structure comprises: a primary air channel 101, a secondary air channel 102, a tertiary air channel 103, an ammonia gas channel 104, a tertiary air blade 105, a partition 106 and a feeding structure shell 107;
the primary air passage 101 is used to convey a mixed air flow of pulverized coal and primary air. The outlet section of the primary air channel 101 has a structure which is contracted and then expanded, and the structure is used for concentrating the coal dust in the primary air to form a coal dust airflow which becomes thinner and lighter outwards along the radial direction (the center is thicker and the periphery is lighter). The purpose of this is: the light coal powder in the radial outward airflow is in a fuel-lean combustion state, and the central thick coal powder is in a fuel-rich combustion state; the coal dust particles in the rich coal dust airflow in a fuel-rich state have higher heating rate and are easier to burn, and then heat is provided for the burning of the light coal dust; meanwhile, the central concentrated coal powder releases volatile matters and burns in a fuel-rich combustion state, so that a low-oxygen reducing atmosphere can be formed, and generation of NOx is inhibited. In addition, the thick coal dust airflow is surrounded by the thin coal dust airflow and the direct-current secondary air, so that the concentration of the coal dust near the inner wall of the stable combustion chamber is low, and the possibility of slag bonding is reduced.
The secondary air channel 102 is used for conveying direct secondary air, and the direct secondary air provides a part of oxygen for the combustion of the pulverized coal.
The tertiary air channel 103 is used for conveying swirling tertiary air, and the tertiary air swirl degree is adjusted through the adjustable tertiary air blade 105 angle. The swirling tertiary air can entrain high-temperature flue gas and form a backflow area, so that sufficient heat is provided for combustion of the central concentrated pulverized coal, the fuel and the oxidant are fully mixed, and meanwhile, the stability of flame can be improved.
The tertiary air blades 105 are movable blades, and the blade angle can be adjusted according to the load of a combustor and the combustion condition in the combustion stabilizing chamber, and the adjustment range is 20-55 degrees.
The ammonia gas passage 104 is used for conveying an ammonia gas flow. At the outlet of the ammonia gas channel 104, a feeding structure shell 107 is connected with the flow guide section of the stable combustion chamber shell.
The combustion structure includes: a combustion stabilizing chamber 201 and a combustion stabilizing chamber shell 202; in the combustion structure, the space enclosed by the combustion stabilizing chamber shell 202 is called a combustion stabilizing chamber; the stable combustion chamber shell 202 is divided into a flow guide section, a deflection section, a gradually expanding section and a contracting section, and a deflection ring groove is formed at the joint of the flow guide section and the deflection section and used for installing a deflection ring; one end of the flow guiding section of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell 202 is connected with the burner feeding structure shell 107.
The baffling structure includes: the device comprises a guide cylinder 301, an ammonia baffle 302, a first adjusting mechanism 303, a baffle ring 304, an inner layer adjusting sheet 3021, a middle layer adjusting sheet 3022 and an outer layer adjusting sheet 3023. The draft tube is a gradually expanding structure, and the inclination angle alpha of the draft tube is 5-15 degrees. Unless otherwise specified, "pitch angle" refers to the angle of the structure relative to the central axis of the burner.
The tail end of the guide cylinder 301 is connected with an ammonia baffle 302, and the inclination angle beta of the ammonia baffle 302 can be adjusted by a first adjusting mechanism 303, wherein the adjusting range is 30-50 degrees, and simultaneously, the inclination angle beta is 5-10 degrees larger than the inclination angle gamma of a baffle section of the precombustion chamber shell.
The guide cylinder 301 and the ammonia baffle plate 302 can separate ammonia gas just entering the furnace from gas in the combustion stabilizing chamber 201, so that the ammonia gas is prevented from being blown away by tertiary air; can preheat the ammonia that flows through heat-conduction, prevent that the ammonia temperature from crossing excessively, thereby reduce the combustion temperature in ammonia mixed combustion district and lead to burning flame unstability and flame-out. The guide cylinder 301 and the ammonia baffle 302 form a bent and tapered flow channel together with the guide section and the baffle section of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell 202, which is beneficial to further improving the flow velocity of ammonia and enhancing the rigidity of air flow, so that the air flow can reach the ammonia co-combustion area and be fully mixed with secondary air and tertiary air.
The length of the guide cylinder 301 can be 20-50 cm, and the length of the ammonia baffle plate 302 can be 20-50 cm, and it should be noted that the lengths of the guide cylinder 301 and the ammonia baffle plate 302 should correspond to the lengths of the guide section and the baffle section of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell 202, so as to ensure that a tapered ammonia flow channel can be formed.
As shown in fig. 3, the ammonia gas baffle 302 is composed of an inner regulation piece 3021, a middle regulation piece 3022, and an outer regulation piece 3023.
When the adjustable valve is closed, the inner layer adjusting sheet 3021 and the middle layer adjusting sheet 3022 are in a closed regular polygon structure, and the outer layer adjusting sheet 3023 is in a closed circular structure. The state when the inner layer adjusting sheet 3021, the middle layer adjusting sheet 3022, and the outer layer adjusting sheet 3023 are completely closed is shown in fig. 3, and at this time, the ammonia gas baffle is in a state of a minimum inclination angle; when the inner layer adjusting sheet 3021, the middle layer adjusting sheet 3022, and the outer layer adjusting sheet 3023 are gradually opened, the flare formed on the ammonia gas baffle plate becomes gradually larger outward, as shown in fig. 4, at this time, the inclination angle of the ammonia gas baffle plate 302 becomes gradually larger, and the ammonia gas flow passage outlet becomes gradually narrower. The opening angle of the adjusting sheet can be adjusted through the first adjusting mechanism 303, so that the opening size is changed, and the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate 302 is changed. The inner layer adjusting sheet 3021 and the middle layer adjusting sheet 3022 mainly play a role in sealing, and prevent gas in the combustion stabilizing chamber 201 from leaking into the ammonia gas flow channel in advance; the petal-shaped structure of the outer layer adjusting sheet 3023 can slide seamlessly when the ammonia baffle 302 is inclined, so that the air tightness is enhanced, and ammonia is prevented from escaping to the stable combustion chamber in advance. The ammonia baffle plate designed in this way can flexibly adjust the size of an ammonia flow channel according to the load of a boiler, the ammonia mixing amount and the combustion condition in a stable combustion chamber, and control the incidence point and the incidence angle of ammonia airflow.
The first adjusting structure 303 is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the ammonia gas baffle plate. As shown in fig. 5, there is a pull rod capable of moving horizontally, when the pull rod is pulled towards the direction close to the combustion stabilizing chamber, the adjusting sheet is opened, the inclination angle of the ammonia gas baffle plate is increased, and the ammonia gas flow passage is narrowed; when the pull rod is pulled away from the combustion stabilizing chamber, the adjusting sheet is closed, the inclination angle of the ammonia gas baffle plate is reduced, the ammonia gas flow passage is widened, all the pull rods in fig. 5 can freely slide in the guide cylinder, meanwhile, the embodiment only provides a first adjusting mechanism principle diagram which can be realized, and any other adjusting mechanism with the same function is regarded as a modification within the spirit and the principle of the invention.
The baffle ring 304 is a structure with an inner surface protruding outward in the radial direction, and is installed in the baffle ring groove of the combustion chamber stabilizing shell 202, and two ends of the inner surface of the baffle ring along the axial direction are smoothly transited with the surface of the baffle ring groove of the combustion chamber stabilizing shell 202. The baffling ring is used for changing the flow direction of the ammonia gas flow, so that the ammonia gas flow rushes to the center of the ammonia gas mixed combustion area to form an ammonia injection area rich in ammonia fuel. The baffling ring is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, so that scouring corrosion and chemical corrosion of ammonia gas flow can be prevented. In addition, an ammonia catalyst can be loaded on the surface of the ceramic baffle ring, and the ammonia catalyst has the effects of accelerating the speed of pyrolyzing ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen, improving the ignition characteristic and the combustion characteristic of the ammonia gas in the stable combustion chamber, reducing the ignition point of the ammonia gas and improving the burnout rate of the ammonia gas.
The principle of the baffle ring 304 to change the direction of the air flow is: according to the principle of curved surface reflection, a normal line of a tangent plane passing through an incident point on the curved surface is made, the incident airflow and the reflected airflow are positioned in the same plane, and the included angle between the incident airflow and the normal line is the same as the included angle between the reflected airflow and the normal line, so that the ammonia airflow can be adjusted to reach the position of the stable combustion chamber by adjusting the curvature of the curved surface or the incident angle or the incident point of the ammonia airflow. Meanwhile, the baffle ring has a curvature, so that the baffle ring can guide ammonia gas flow with insufficient rigidity, and the ammonia gas is prevented from being diffused in advance.
The flame stabilizing chamber 201 provides sufficient space for fuel preheating and combustion, and allows each fuel to be mixed with air thoroughly. As shown in fig. 2, the combustion area of the combustion stabilizing chamber 201 is divided into fuel combustion areas, i.e., a pulverized coal combustion area, an ammonia mixed combustion area and a burnout area, according to the combustion condition of the fuel. In the coal powder combustion area, the central thick coal powder airflow is firstly combusted and transfers heat to the peripheral thin coal powder airflow, and the central thick coal powder airflow reaches the ammonia gas mixed combustion area after being preheated and subjected to volatile component release processes. In the ammonia gas mixed combustion area, the ammonia gas is fully mixed with the flue gas from the pulverized coal combustion area and is combusted; at the moment, the swirling tertiary air can form a backflow area between the pulverized coal combustion area and the ammonia mixed combustion area, the backflow area can entrain high-temperature flue gas in the ammonia mixed combustion area to heat pulverized coal airflow which just enters the stable combustion chamber, the ammonia, pulverized coal volatile matters and coke are fully mixed, heat is provided for pyrolysis and combustion of ammonia, and the burnout rate of fuel is improved; in addition, a reducing ammonia-rich area exists in the ammonia gas co-combustion area, and NOx generated in the combustion process can be reduced by using ammonia, so that the aim of controlling the emission of NOx is fulfilled. The unburned ammonia, volatile matter and coke enter the burnout zone for further combustion and then enter the furnace chamber together with the flue gas for the combustion stage of the boiler furnace. During this period, since unreacted ammonia gas still remains, the production of NOx is suppressed, and the emission of NOx is controlled.
The gradually expanding section of the stable combustion chamber shell 202 is used for providing a large enough space for mixing the flue gas and improving the burnout rate of the fuel; the contraction section of the flame stabilizing chamber shell 202 reduces the outlet of the precombustion chamber, enables flame to be more concentrated, improves the flow rate of fuel airflow, is beneficial to stable combustion of fuel, and improves the stability of flame of a burner. In addition, a small negative pressure backflow zone can be formed between the contraction section and the gradual expansion section of the stable combustion chamber shell 202, diffused ammonia gas can be sent to the burnout zone again, the ammonia concentration of the burnout zone is improved, and reduction of NOx is facilitated. The inclination angle of the gradually expanding section can be 5-10 degrees, and the inclination angle of the contracting section can be 15-50 degrees
And II, application embodiment. In order to prove the creativity and the technical value of the technical scheme of the invention, the part is an application example of the technical scheme of the claims to a specific product or related technology.
The invention is applied to the coal-fired power plant, the existing coal dust cyclone burner of the coal-fired power plant can be replaced by the ammonia-doped cyclone burner, the reformation of the ammonia-doped combustion of the coal-fired power plant can be quickly realized under the condition of not carrying out large-scale adjustment on the original boiler structure of the power plant, and the CO of the power plant is reduced from the source 2 And (4) discharging the amount. The invention fills the technical blank of the ammonia-doped cyclone burner under the scale of a high-load boiler, can prolong the service life of the active coal-fired generator set, and solves the problem that the coal-fired generator set is CO 2 Emission limits and forced early retirement.
And thirdly, evidence of relevant effects of the embodiment. The embodiment of the invention achieves some positive effects in the process of research and development or use, and has great advantages compared with the prior art, and the following contents are described by combining data, diagrams and the like in the test process.
Compared with the existing cyclone burner and the ammonia-doped burner, the technical scheme of the invention innovatively provides the baffling structure, and the technical effect of simultaneously doping and burning ammonia gas in the cyclone burner can be realized. The guide cylinder and the ammonia baffle plate can separate ammonia gas just entering the furnace from gas in the stable combustion chamber, so that the ammonia gas is prevented from being blown away by tertiary air; the guide cylinder, the ammonia baffle plate and the guide section and the baffling section of the stable combustion chamber shell form a bent and gradually-reduced flow channel together, so that the flow speed of ammonia is further improved, the rigidity of air flow is enhanced, and the air flow can reach an ammonia mixed combustion area and is fully mixed with secondary air and tertiary air.
The ammonia gas baffle plate provided by the technical scheme of the invention is an adjustable structure and consists of an inner layer adjusting sheet, a middle layer adjusting sheet and an outer layer adjusting sheet. The inner layer adjusting sheet and the middle layer adjusting sheet mainly play a role in sealing, so that gas in the combustion stabilizing chamber is prevented from leaking into the ammonia gas flow channel in advance; the petal-shaped structure of the outer layer regulating sheet can slide seamlessly when the ammonia baffle plate inclines, so that the air tightness is enhanced, and ammonia is prevented from escaping to the combustion stabilizing chamber in advance. The ammonia baffle plate with the structure can flexibly adjust the size of an ammonia flow passage according to the load of a boiler, the ammonia mixing amount and the combustion condition in a stable combustion chamber, and control the incidence point and the incidence angle of ammonia gas flow.
The baffle ring provided by the technical scheme of the invention can change the flow direction of the ammonia gas flow, so that the ammonia gas flow rushes to the center of the ammonia gas mixed combustion area, a fuel pipe does not need to extend into the stable combustion chamber, or fuel is injected from the shell position of the stable combustion chamber, and the structure of the ammonia-doped combustor is simplified. The baffle ring is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic material, so that the scouring corrosion and chemical corrosion of ammonia gas flow are prevented. In addition, an ammonia catalyst can be loaded on the surface of the ceramic baffle ring, and the ammonia catalyst has the effects of accelerating the speed of pyrolyzing ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen, improving the ignition characteristic and the combustion characteristic of the ammonia gas in the stable combustion chamber, reducing the ignition point of the ammonia gas and improving the burnout rate of the ammonia gas.
According to the technical scheme, the stable combustion chamber is arranged at the outlet of the cyclone burner, so that ignition and stable combustion of ammonia gas doped with ammonia can be realized; the combustion stabilizing chamber shell with the flow guide section, the flow deflection section, the gradually expanding section and the contracting section is provided, redundant negative pressure regions in the combustion stabilizing chamber are reduced, and meanwhile, the flow deflection structure designed for ammonia-doped combustion can be well coupled.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ammonia-doped cyclone burner with a baffling structure is characterized by comprising:
comprises a feeding structure, a combustion structure and a baffling structure;
the feeding structure is connected with the combustion structure, the combustion structure comprises a stable combustion chamber and a stable combustion chamber shell, and one end of a flow guide section of the stable combustion chamber shell is connected with the feeding structure shell;
the baffling structure comprises a guide cylinder, an ammonia baffle plate, a first adjusting mechanism and a baffling ring, wherein the tail end of the guide cylinder is connected with the ammonia baffle plate, and the first adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate;
the baffling ring is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, is arranged on a baffling section of the stable combustion chamber shell and is used for changing the flow direction of the ammonia gas flow so that the ammonia gas flow rushes to the center of the ammonia gas mixed combustion area;
the ammonia baffle plate is composed of an inner layer adjusting sheet, a middle layer adjusting sheet and an outer layer adjusting sheet, the inner layer adjusting sheet and the middle layer adjusting sheet are of a closed regular polygon structure when the ammonia baffle plate is closed, and the outer layer adjusting sheet is of a closed circular structure.
2. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffling structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding structure comprises a feeding structure shell and a primary air channel, a secondary air channel, a tertiary air channel and an ammonia gas channel which are arranged in the feeding structure shell from the central shaft of the burner to the outside in the radial direction, and the primary air channel, the secondary air channel, the tertiary air channel and the ammonia gas channel are separated by partition plates; the primary air channel is used for conveying mixed air flow of fuel and primary air, the secondary air channel is used for conveying direct-current secondary air, and the tertiary air channel is used for conveying rotational flow tertiary air.
3. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffling structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein one end of the tertiary air channel close to the combustion stabilizing chamber is provided with a tertiary air blade, and the tertiary air swirl is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the tertiary air blade.
4. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffle structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the other end of the guide cylinder is connected with the partition plate between the ammonia gas channel and the tertiary air channel.
5. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffling structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion stabilizing chamber shell is divided into a flow guide section, a baffling section, a gradually expanding section and a contracting section, and a baffling ring groove is arranged at the connection part of the flow guide section and the baffling section and used for installing a baffling ring.
6. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with baffle structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide shell is a divergent structure, and the inclination angle thereof is in the range of 5-15 °.
7. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffle structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the ammonia baffle plate is adjusted within a range of 30-50 degrees and is 5-10 degrees larger than the inclination angle of the baffle section of the precombustion chamber shell.
8. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffling structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the guide cylinder is 20-50 cm, the length of the ammonia baffle plate is 20-50 cm, and the lengths of the guide cylinder and the ammonia baffle plate correspond to the lengths of the guide section and the baffling section of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell.
9. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffle structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the baffle ring is a structure with an inner surface protruding outward in the radial direction, and both ends of the inner surface of the baffle ring in the axial direction smoothly transition with the surfaces of the baffle ring grooves of the combustion stabilizing chamber shell.
10. The ammonia-doped cyclone burner with the baffling structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion area of the stable combustion chamber is divided into a fuel combustion area, an ammonia gas mixing combustion area and a burnout area, in the fuel combustion area, a central rich fuel gas flow is firstly combusted and transfers heat to a peripheral light fuel gas flow, and the central rich fuel gas flow reaches the ammonia gas mixing combustion area after being preheated and subjected to a volatile component release process; in the ammonia gas mixing and burning zone, the ammonia gas is fully mixed with the flue gas from the fuel burning zone and is burnt; at the moment, the swirling tertiary air forms a backflow area between the fuel combustion area and the ammonia gas mixed combustion area, the backflow area can entrain high-temperature flue gas in the ammonia gas mixed combustion area to be used for heating central concentrated fuel airflow which just enters the stable combustion chamber, the ammonia gas, fuel volatile matters and coke are fully mixed, and meanwhile heat is provided for pyrolysis and combustion of ammonia.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117685581A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-03-12 | 陕西宝昱科技工业股份有限公司 | Organic waste gas burns device |
| CN117927949A (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-04-26 | 天津大学 | Novel combustor for ammonia coal mixed combustion and application method thereof |
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| CN117685581B (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-10 | 陕西宝昱科技工业股份有限公司 | Organic waste gas burns device |
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