CN114892749B - 一种黑臭河道的治理方法 - Google Patents
一种黑臭河道的治理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黑臭河道的治理方法,包括:步骤1、勘查清淤河道,将清淤河道划分为若干个清淤区域,在若干个清淤区域中间隔选择多个清淤区域进行清淤;步骤2、建造围堰;步骤3、设置水泵,将围堰内的水抽出并排至河道的下游,当围堰内水深为1m时停止抽水:步骤4、将围堰内部的泥水通过淤泥清理装置清理,并对泥水进行无害化处理后返田;步骤5、配置改性介质,并将改性介质回填至清淤区域;步骤6、拆除围堰,并在清淤区域内种植挺水植物和沉水植物;步骤7、一至两年后对清淤河道进行下一次清淤时,选择上一次未被清淤的区域进行清淤,然后重复步骤2至步骤6,所以提供了一种能够延缓河水发黑发臭速度,提高河道治理效果的治理方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于河道治理技术领域,具体涉及一种黑臭河道的治理方法。
背景技术
目前,部分城市的河道出现了严重的黑臭现象,河水发黑发臭将影响城市居民的生活及饮用水的安全。
引起河水发黑发臭的原因是:河水中有机污染负荷超过其自身的净化能力,即有机污染物大量消耗水体中的溶解氧,使水体内缺氧现象加剧,导致浮游生物大量死亡,造成水体发黑,并散发恶臭。其中大量的有机污染物沉降、富集于河道的底泥中,所以河道中的淤泥是河水发黑发臭的重要原因。因此,定期清理河道中的淤泥是治理黑臭河水最有效的方法。
目前现有的河道清淤方法是将成片的淤泥全部清除,该方法过于粗犷,淤泥虽然是引起河水黑臭的重要原因,但淤泥同时也是微生物群落生存的载体,成片的淤泥被清除后,使大量的微生物群落和淤泥一起被清理出去,使清淤区域内微生物量锐减,极大的削弱了微生物对污染物的降解速度,相对的加快了河水发黑发臭的速度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种黑臭河道的治理方法,解决现有技术中的河道清淤方法,使大量微生物群落和淤泥一起被清理出去,相对的加快了河水发黑发臭的速度的技术问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的方案是:
一种黑臭河道的治理方法,包括:
步骤1、勘查清淤河道,将清淤河道划分为若干个清淤区域,在若干个清淤区域中间隔选择多个清淤区域进行清淤;
步骤2、在本次清淤的清淤区域内建造围堰;
步骤3、设置水泵,通过水泵将围堰内的水抽出并排至河道的下游,当围堰内水深为1m时停止抽水:
步骤4、将围堰内部的泥水通过淤泥清理装置清理,并对泥水进行无害化处理后返田;
步骤5、配置改性介质,并将改性介质回填至本次清淤的清淤区域;
步骤6、拆除围堰,并在本次清淤的清淤区域内种植挺水植物和沉水植物;
步骤7、一至两年后对清淤河道进行下一次清淤时,选择上一次未被清淤的区域进行清淤,然后重复步骤2至步骤6。
通过将清淤河道划分为若干个清淤区域,在若干个清淤区域中间隔选择多个清淤区域作为本次清淤区域进行清淤,其余清淤区域作为下一次清淤区域,即相邻两个本次清淤区域之间间隔设置一个或两个下一次清淤区域;通过对清淤河道进行分段清理,在满足清淤需要的基础上节省了成本;通过设置水泵,将围堰内的水抽出并排至河道的下游;由于水深约为1m的范围内为淤泥的扩散层,所以在围堰内预留1m的水深,能够防止淤泥中的污染物在抽吸扰动的作用下扩散;通过无害化处理泥水后返田,使淤泥能够被二次利用;通过设置改性介质,可以为微生物、植挺水植物和沉水植物提供一个适宜的生长环境,改性介质中的微生物可以通过自身代谢消耗水中的有机质,使黑臭水体得到净化,增强河道治理效果;通过设置挺水植物和沉水植物,挺水植物的根部可以吸收水体中的营养物质;沉水植物在生长过程中可以吸收水体中的氮、磷等营养物质,起到净化河水的作用,延缓河水发黑发臭的速度。
进一步的是,步骤1中,在划分清淤区域前,首先对河道开挖边线范围内的植物、建筑垃圾及其它杂物进行清理。
通过对开挖边线范围内的植物、建筑垃圾及其它杂物进行清理,为后续清淤工作清除障碍;清理工作可以采用人工清理和挖掘机清理相配合的方式进行,表面植被如芦苇等采用人工拔除,建筑垃圾及芦苇根、树根等则由挖掘机挖至施工场地以外业主指定地点堆放或掩埋,清除的植物根茎等则在业主指定地点集中焚烧。
进一步的是,步骤5中改性介质包括壤土、砾石和黏土,且壤土、砾石和黏土的质量比为2:4:1,改性介质中均匀混合有碳源物质;碳源物质为稻草、玉米秸秆和麦秆中的一种。
通过设置壤土,壤土具有适种性广和适耕期长的优点,利于挺水植物和沉水植物的种植,通过设置砾石,利于水在改性介质内部的渗流,通过设置黏土,黏土的优点在于具有粘结性,且养分较砂土丰富;通过设置碳源物质,为微生物的生长提供足够的营养物质;稻草、玉米秸秆和麦秆具有便于获取,价格低廉的优点。
进一步的是,步骤4中无害化处理包括:
步骤1、在清淤河道的河岸上设置曝晒场地;
步骤2、曝晒,将泥水输送至曝晒场地,进行泥水分离后,通过暴晒得到固化淤泥;
步骤3、分拣,分拣出掺杂在固化淤泥中的大颗粒杂物;
步骤4、肥化,在固化淤泥中添加土壤调理剂,并通过好氧堆肥肥化;
步骤5、返田,将肥化的淤泥通过干燥和筛分后返田。
通过设置暴晒场地,为泥水的分离和曝晒提供一个场所,首先在河岸上选择一片区域,然后对该区域进行清表,清表包括清理植被、建筑垃圾和其他杂物,清表后对该区域进行平整;暴晒场地中设有沉淀池,泥水先输送至沉淀池中进行沉淀,使沉淀池内上层的水通过水泵抽出,排入污水管道或污水处理厂。将沉淀池内下层的淤泥清理出沉淀池,并平铺在晒场进行暴晒;淤泥固化后分拣出大颗粒杂物,如石子、金属和垃圾等;土壤中添加土壤调理剂,可以改良土壤的物理、化学和生物性质,使土壤更适宜于植物生长;通过好氧堆肥,可以肥化淤泥,将淤泥制成营养土或有机肥返田;干燥和筛分,可以将肥化淤泥干燥,并清除肥化淤泥中的大颗粒物质。
进一步的是,步骤4中,在围堰的内部,距围堰内坡脚5m至8m的范围内,沿围堰的长度方向开设有排水沟,排水沟最低处开设有集水坑;通过排水沟将围堰内较多的积水引向集水坑,然后通过水泵将集水坑中聚集的水抽出,并排至河道的下游。
围堰内的水通过水泵抽出后,如果较多的河水继续向围堰内渗流,使围堰内存在较多的积水时,可以设置排水沟和集水坑,使渗入围堰的水通过排水沟排至集水坑,然后集水坑中的水在水泵的作用下排至河道的下游,水从排水沟流至集水坑的过程中,水中的淤泥会沉淀在排水沟或集水坑中,防止淤泥被水泵抽出污染下游河流。
具体的是,步骤4中,淤泥清理装置为淤泥绞吸泵,淤泥绞吸泵通过淤泥输送管道将泥水输送至曝晒场地。
具体的是,步骤4中,清淤深度大于40cm小于60cm。这个清淤深度可确保表层污泥被挖除,而又不开挖太深,造成资源浪费。
具体的是,步骤6中,挺水植物为芦苇、荷花和香蒲中的一种或多种;沉水植物为黑藻、穗花狐尾藻和水盾草中的一种或多种。
进一步的是,清淤河道清理完后投放草食性鱼类和肉食性鱼类。
通过设置草食性鱼类,如鲤鱼、草鱼、泥鳅等,可以控制挺水植物和沉水植物的数量,通过设置肉食性鱼类,如黑鱼、鲶鱼、鲈鱼等,可以控制草食性鱼类的数量;种植挺水植物和沉水植物的同时,还投放草食性鱼类和肉食性鱼类,可以加长食物链,提高河道生态***的稳定性,促进水体中有机污染物的降解,延缓河水发黑发臭的速度。
进一步的是,清淤河道清理完后投放水鸟,水鸟为鸬鹚或鹈鹕。
通过设置水鸟,可以对草食性鱼类和肉食性鱼类进行捕食,防止某一鱼类过度繁殖。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、通过将清淤河道划分为若干个清淤区域,在若干个清淤区域中间隔选择多个清淤区域作为本次清淤区域进行清淤,其余清淤区域作为下一次清淤区域,即相邻两个本次清淤区域之间间隔设置一个或两个下一次清淤区域,通过对清淤河道进行分段清理,在满足清淤需要的基础上既节省了成本,又使河道中保持一定量的微生物量,一定量的微生物群落能够对污染物进行降解,相对的延缓了河水发黑发臭的速度,所以提高了河道的治理效果。
2、通过设置水泵,将围堰内的水抽出并排至河道的下游;由于水深约为1m的范围内为淤泥的扩散层,所以在围堰内预留1m的水深,能够防止淤泥中的污染物在抽吸扰动的作用下扩散。
3、通过无害化处理泥水后返田,使淤泥能够被二次利用;通过设置改性介质,可以为微生物、植挺水植物和沉水植物提供一个适宜的生长环境,改性介质中的微生物可以通过自身代谢消耗水中的有机质,使黑臭水体得到净化,增强河道治理效果;通过设置挺水植物和沉水植物,挺水植物的根部可以吸收水体中的营养物质;沉水植物在生长过程中可以吸收水体中的氮、磷等营养物质,起到净化河水的作用,延缓河水发黑发臭的速度。
附图说明
图1显示了本发明的结构示意图。
图2显示了本发明的流程图。
图中零部件、部件及编号:第三清淤区域1、第一清淤区域2、第四清淤区域3、第二清淤区域4、边坡5、空地6、水生植物7。
具体实施方式
下面给出发明的具体实施方法,并结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
如图2所示,一种黑臭河道的治理方法,包括:
步骤1、勘查清淤河道,将清淤河道划分为若干个清淤区域,在若干个清淤区域中间隔选择多个清淤区域进行清淤;
步骤1中,在划分清淤区域前,首先对河道开挖边线范围内的植物、建筑垃圾及其它杂物进行清理;步骤1中单个清淤区域的长度在200m至500m之间,在本实施例中单个清淤区域的长度为300m。
步骤2、在本次清淤的清淤区域内建造围堰;
步骤3、设置水泵,通过水泵将围堰内的水抽出并排至河道的下游,当围堰内水深为1m时停止抽水:
步骤4、将围堰内部的泥水通过淤泥清理装置清理,并对泥水进行无害化处理后返田;
在本实施例中,无害化处理包括:步骤1、在清淤河道的河岸上设置曝晒场地;步骤2、曝晒,将泥水输送至曝晒场地,进行泥水分离后,通过暴晒得到固化淤泥;步骤3、分拣,分拣出掺杂在固化淤泥中的大颗粒杂物;步骤4、肥化,在固化淤泥中添加土壤调理剂,并通过好氧堆肥肥化;步骤5、返田,将肥化的淤泥通过干燥和筛分后返田。
在本实施例中,在围堰的内部,距围堰内坡脚6m的位置,沿围堰的长度方向开设有排水沟,排水沟最低处开设有集水坑;通过排水沟将围堰内较多的积水引向集水坑,然后通过水泵将集水坑中聚集的水抽出,并排至河道的下游。
在本实施例中,淤泥清理装置为淤泥绞吸泵,淤泥绞吸泵通过淤泥输送管道将泥水输送至曝晒场地。
在本实施例中,清淤深度为50cm。
步骤5、配置改性介质,并将改性介质回填至本次清淤的清淤区域;
在本实施例中,改性介质包括壤土、砾石和黏土,且壤土、砾石和黏土的质量比为2:4:1,改性介质中均匀混合有碳源物质;碳源物质为稻草。
步骤6、拆除围堰,并在本次清淤的清淤区域内种植挺水植物和沉水植物;
在本实施例中,挺水植物为芦苇和荷花;沉水植物为穗花狐尾藻和水盾草。
步骤7、一至两年后对清淤河道进行下一次清淤时,选择上一次未被清淤的区域进行清淤,然后重复步骤2至步骤6。
在本实施例中,清淤河道清理完后投放草食性鱼类草鱼、肉食性鱼类黑鱼和水鸟鸬鹚。
如图1所示,图1只显示了部分清淤河道,及其划分的清淤区域,该部分清淤河道共划分为四个清淤区域,四个清淤区域依次记为第一清淤区域2、第二清淤区域4、第三清淤区域1和第四清淤区域3,本次对第一清淤区域2和第二清淤区域4进行清淤,一年后对第三清淤区域1和第四清淤区域3进行清淤,河道的两侧为边坡5、边坡5远离河道的一侧为空地6,曝晒场地设置在空地6上,河道中靠近边坡5的一侧栽种有水生植物7,水生植物7包括挺水植物和沉水植物。
表1河道检测结果 单位mg/L
如表1所示,清淤结束一年后,COD、TN和TP的含量依次为39.24mg/L、2.73mg/L、2.47mg/L、8.42mg/L和0.47mg/L,和清淤前相比,COD、 TN和TP的去除率依次为50.28%、55.61%、57.63%、46.16%和48.35%,所以通过使用本发明所提供的方法进行河道治理,延缓了河水发黑发臭的速度。
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (8)
1.一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1、勘查清淤河道,将清淤河道划分为若干个清淤区域,在若干个清淤区域中间隔选择多个清淤区域进行清淤;
步骤2、在本次清淤的清淤区域内建造围堰;
步骤3、设置水泵,通过水泵将围堰内的水抽出并排至河道的下游,当围堰内水深为1m时停止抽水:
步骤4、将围堰内部的泥水通过淤泥清理装置清理,并对泥水进行无害化处理后返田;
所述无害化处理包括:
步骤4.1、在清淤河道的河岸上设置曝晒场地;
步骤4.2、曝晒,将泥水输送至曝晒场地,进行泥水分离后,通过暴晒得到固化淤泥;
步骤4.3、分拣,分拣出掺杂在固化淤泥中的大颗粒杂物;
步骤4.4、肥化,在固化淤泥中添加土壤调理剂,并通过好氧堆肥肥化;
步骤4.5、返田,将肥化的淤泥通过干燥和筛分后返田;
步骤5、配置改性介质,并将改性介质回填至本次清淤的清淤区域;
改性介质包括壤土、砾石和黏土,且壤土、砾石和黏土的质量比为2:4:1,改性介质中均匀混合有碳源物质;碳源物质为稻草、玉米秸秆和麦秆中的一种;
步骤6、拆除围堰,并在本次清淤的清淤区域内种植挺水植物和沉水植物;
步骤7、一至两年后对清淤河道进行下一次清淤时,选择上一次未被清淤的区域进行清淤,然后重复步骤2至步骤6。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,在划分清淤区域前,首先对河道开挖边线范围内的植物、建筑垃圾及其它杂物进行清理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中,在围堰的内部,距围堰内坡脚5m至8m的范围内,沿围堰的长度方向开设有排水沟,排水沟最低处开设有集水坑;
通过排水沟将围堰内较多的积水引向集水坑,然后通过水泵将集水坑中聚集的水抽出,并排至河道的下游。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中,淤泥清理装置为淤泥绞吸泵,淤泥绞吸泵通过淤泥输送管道将泥水输送至曝晒场地。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中,清淤深度大于40cm小于60cm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤6中,挺水植物为芦苇、荷花和香蒲中的一种或多种;
沉水植物为黑藻、穗花狐尾藻和水盾草中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,清淤河道清理完后投放草食性鱼类和肉食性鱼类。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种黑臭河道的治理方法,其特征在于,清淤河道清理完后投放水鸟,水鸟为鸬鹚或鹈鹕。
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