CN114892227A - Method and experimental device for electrodeposition of nickel-cobalt alloy coating with nanostructure through physical field auxiliary pulse - Google Patents
Method and experimental device for electrodeposition of nickel-cobalt alloy coating with nanostructure through physical field auxiliary pulse Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical group [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940126678 chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coating preparation, in particular to a method and an experimental device for electrodepositing a nickel-cobalt alloy coating with a nano structure by physical field auxiliary pulse. The method adopts a physical field auxiliary pulse electrodeposition technology, which is characterized in that a flexible friction medium is utilized to continuously rub the surface of the gun steel serving as a cathode plate in the electroplating process, so that a nano-structure nickel-cobalt alloy coating is formed on the surface of the cathode plate. The experimental device consists of a driving assembly, a scrubbing brush assembly, an electroplating tank assembly, a pulse power supply and a magnetic stirring water bath heater, wherein the driving assembly comprises a piston cylinder, a piston rod, a first transmission rod, a second transmission rod, a speed regulating motor and a controller, the scrubbing brush assembly comprises two scrubbing brushes and a connecting piece, and the electroplating tank assembly comprises an electroplating tank, a cathode fixing frame and a conducting strip. The nano-structure nickel-cobalt alloy coating has good binding force with a substrate, high hardness and good wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coating preparation, in particular to a method and an experimental device for electrodepositing a nickel-cobalt alloy coating with a nano structure by physical field auxiliary pulse.
Background
In the traditional electroplating process, if the current density is high, the defects such as pinholes, pits, accretions and the like exist on the surface of a plating layer under the influence of factors such as cathode hydrogen evolution, impurities, point discharge effect and the like, and the defects can be rapidly expanded along with the prolonging of the deposition time, so that the surface quality of the plating layer is deteriorated, the uniformity, the performance and the production efficiency of the plating layer are further influenced, and the defects such as scorching, peeling, falling off and the like of the plating layer can be caused in serious cases.
Although the prior document proposes a flexible friction-assisted electrodeposition technology, and the prepared plating layer has a smooth surface and a dense tissue, the method and the device are mostly used for preparing the plating layer on one side of the substrate, and cannot simultaneously plate on two sides of the substrate, so that the application field of the plated part is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for electrodepositing a nickel-cobalt alloy coating with a nanostructure by using physical field auxiliary pulse and an experimental device, wherein the experimental device can ensure that auxiliary friction is simultaneously carried out on two sides of a plated piece in the plating process, and the plating layers prepared on two sides of the plated piece are of a nanostructure, and have high hardness and good bonding force.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for electrically depositing a nickel-cobalt alloy coating with a nano structure by physical field auxiliary pulse adopts a physical field auxiliary pulse electro-deposition technology, which means that a flexible friction medium is utilized to continuously rub the surface of gun steel serving as a cathode plate in an electroplating process, so that the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure is formed on the surface of the cathode plate.
The method for electrodepositing the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure by the physical field auxiliary pulse comprises the following steps:
(1) before-plating treatment of to-be-plated sample
Firstly, grinding a sample to be plated by using 240#, 600#, 1000# and 1500# abrasive paper in sequence, then putting the sample into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, then carrying out alkali cleaning to remove oil, and finally carrying out acid cleaning and activation;
(2) preparing 1L of plating solution, wherein deionized water is used for preparing the plating solution in the preparation process;
(3) pouring the prepared plating solution into a plating bath placed in a magnetic stirring water bath heater, turning on the heater, and heating the plating solution to 40-60 ℃ in a water bath;
(4) when the temperature of the plating solution reaches 40-60 ℃, placing the to-be-plated sample subjected to pretreatment in a cathode fixing frame, and adjusting the position of the to-be-plated sample to ensure that the to-be-plated sample is right below the scrubbing brush;
(5) connecting the anode plate and the cathode plate with the anode and the cathode of a pulse power supply through leads, turning on the pulse power supply, setting current density, frequency, duty ratio and time, and starting a pre-plating stage;
(6) after the pre-plating stage, turning on a controller switch, starting the scrubbing brush to work, and entering a friction plating stage;
(7) and after the friction plating is finished, cutting off a power supply, cleaning the taken sample with water, finally drying the sample by blowing, bagging and marking the sample to obtain the physical field auxiliary pulse electro-deposition nano-structure nickel-cobalt alloy coating.
The method for electrodepositing the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure by the physical field auxiliary pulse comprises the following steps in step (2):
the medicines are all Chinese medicines, and the plating solution is prepared by using deionized water.
In the physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition method for the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure, in the steps (5) and (6), the electrodeposition process parameters of preplating and friction plating are as follows: the average current density is 2.5-10A/dm 2 The pulse frequency is 100-300 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.4-0.6, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, the total electroplating time is 30-60 min, the pre-plating time is 10-15 min, the friction plating time is 20-45 min, and the movement speed of the flexible friction medium is 8-12 m/min.
In the method for electrodepositing the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure by the physical field auxiliary pulse, in the step (1), a sample to be plated is a cathode plate gun steel PCrNi3MoVA matrix; in the step (6), the flexible friction medium adopted in the friction plating stage is bristles.
The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of pulse electrodeposition nanostructure nickel cobalt alloy coating is assisted to physical field, this experimental apparatus comprises drive assembly, scrubbing brush subassembly, electroplating bath subassembly, pulse power supply, magnetic stirring water bath heater, and concrete structure is as follows:
the driving assembly comprises a piston cylinder, a piston rod, a first transmission rod, a second transmission rod, a speed regulating motor and a controller, wherein the vertical piston rod penetrates through the piston cylinder, the upper end of the piston rod is hinged with one end of the first transmission rod, the other end of the first transmission rod is hinged with one end of the second transmission rod, the other end of the second transmission rod is connected with the output end of the speed regulating motor, and the input end of the speed regulating motor is connected with the controller;
the scrubbing brush assembly comprises two scrubbing brushes and a connecting piece, the lower end of the piston rod is connected with the scrubbing brushes through the connecting piece, the connecting piece is in a lower groove shape, the lower end of the piston rod is provided with external threads and penetrates through a top horizontal plate of the connecting piece, and the piston rod is connected with the connecting piece through an upper fixing nut and a lower fixing nut;
the electroplating bath component comprises an electroplating bath, a cathode fixing frame and a conducting strip, wherein the electroplating bath is arranged in a magnetic stirring water bath heater filled with water, and the electroplating bath is filled in the electroplating bath; the two anode plates are inserted in the electroplating bath, and the upper ends of the two anode plates are respectively connected with the anode of the pulse power supply through conducting wires; the sample to be plated is inserted on a cathode fixing frame in the electroplating bath as a cathode plate, the top of the cathode plate is in close contact with a conducting strip on the cathode fixing frame, and the upper end of the conducting strip is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply through a lead.
According to the experimental device for the nickel-cobalt alloy coating of the physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition nano structure, a scrubbing brush is composed of a T-shaped plate and a flexible friction medium, the flexible friction medium is vertically installed on one side of the horizontal part of the T-shaped plate, the extending length of the flexible friction medium is 10-30 mm, and installation holes are formed in the vertical part of the T-shaped plate; mounting holes are oppositely formed in the lower parts of the two side plates of the connecting piece, the mounting hole of each connecting piece corresponds to the mounting hole in the upper part of the T-shaped plate of one scrubbing brush, and screws penetrate through the mounting holes of the connecting pieces and the mounting holes of the scrubbing brushes;
set up the negative plate between two scrubbing brushes, the negative plate both sides are corresponding with the flexible friction medium of scrubbing brush respectively during the use, and the scrubbing brush passes through the screw with the connecting piece and links to each other for the scrubbing brush makes vertical reciprocating motion under the drive of buncher, and through the screw between adjustment connecting piece and the scrubbing brush, changes the parallel interval between two scrubbing brushes simultaneously, thereby controls the contact magnitude of interference of scrubbing brush and negative plate.
Physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition nanostructure nickel cobalt alloy coating's experimental apparatus, the posterior lateral plate recess is seted up at the middle top of the posterior lateral plate of plating bath, the anterior lateral plate recess is seted up at the middle top of the preceding curb plate of plating bath, the posterior lateral plate recess sets up with preceding curb plate recess relatively, set up the positive pole draw-in groove relatively between the inner wall of posterior lateral plate and the inner wall of preceding curb plate, make both sides anode plate parallel with the negative plate of fixing in the middle, the interpolar distance is 40 ~ 60 mm.
According to the experimental device for the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure through the pulse electrodeposition assisted by the physical field, the cathode fixing frame is of a groove-shaped structure, the tops of two sides of the cathode fixing frame are horizontally provided with the transverse bars, and the rear vertical bar of the cathode fixing frame corresponds to the front vertical bar; the rear transverse bar is positioned at the outer side of the top of the rear vertical bar and is fixed in a rear side plate groove in the middle of the electroplating bath by interference fit; the front transverse bar is positioned at the outer side of the top of the front vertical bar and is fixed in a front side plate groove in the middle of the electroplating bath by interference fit; the inside of rear side vertical bar is seted up the rear side draw-in groove, and the front side draw-in groove is seted up to the inboard of front side vertical bar, and the rear side draw-in groove sets up as the cathode clamping groove with the front side draw-in groove is relative, and the negative plate is waited to plate the sample and is utilized interference fit to install in the cathode clamping groove of cathode mount.
The experimental device for the nickel-cobalt alloy coating of the physical field auxiliary pulse electrodeposition nano structure is characterized in that two anode plates are directly placed into anode clamping grooves on two sides of an electroplating bath, the two anode plates placed into the anode clamping grooves are parallel to a to-be-plated sample of a cathode plate, and the distance between the two anode plates and the to-be-plated sample is fixed.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the method is optimized and innovated on the basis of the existing single-side brush plating technology, and realizes double-side friction-assisted electrodeposition on the flat plate type plated part so as to meet the requirement that protective coatings need to be prepared on both sides of the flat plate type part. The device breaks through the traditional cathode moving process optimization mode, fixes the cathode, and finishes the friction action on the cathode sample to be plated through the reciprocating linear motion of the brush.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure is formed on the surface of the gun steel substrate by adopting a pulse electrodeposition technology and an automatic flexible friction device which is designed and manufactured by self, and the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure has good binding force with the substrate, high hardness and good wear resistance.
2. The experimental device has simple structure and easy operation, and provides technical support for preparing the double-sided plating nano-structure coating on a larger workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the plating cell of the present invention.
Fig. 3(a) -3 (b) are schematic structural views of the cathode fixing frame of the present invention. Fig. 3(a) is a front view, and fig. 3(b) is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3 (a).
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the scrubber of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-magnetic stirring water bath heater; 2-plating bath (21 rear plate, 22 rear plate groove, 23 front plate, 24 front plate groove, 25 anode clamping groove); 3-an anode plate; 4-a pulse power supply; 5, a piston cylinder; 6-a piston rod; 7, a first transmission rod; 8-a second transmission rod; 9-speed regulating motor; 10-a controller; 11-a fixing nut; 12-a connector; 13-a conductive sheet; 14-a screw; 15-scrubbing brush (1501, T-shaped plate, 1502 flexible friction medium, 1503 mounting hole); 16-a cathode plate; 17-plating solution; 18-water; 19-cathode holder (1901 rear bar, 1902 front bar, 1903 rear bar, 1904 front bar, 1905 rear slot, 1906 front slot).
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in terms of the experimental apparatus and the method with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the method and experimental apparatus for physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of a nickel-cobalt alloy coating with a nanostructure of the present invention mainly comprises a driving assembly, a scrubbing brush assembly, an electroplating bath assembly, a pulse power supply, and a magnetic stirring water bath heater, and has the following specific structure:
the driving assembly comprises a piston cylinder 5, a piston rod 6, a first transmission rod 7, a second transmission rod 8, a speed regulating motor 9 and a controller 10, the piston rod 5 penetrates through the vertical piston rod 6, the upper end of the piston rod 6 is hinged to one end of the first transmission rod 7, the other end of the first transmission rod 7 is hinged to one end of the second transmission rod 8, the other end of the second transmission rod 8 is connected with the output end of the speed regulating motor 9, the input end of the speed regulating motor 9 is connected with the controller 10, and the controller 10 is responsible for controlling the start and stop and the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor on the driving assembly.
The scrubbing brush subassembly includes two scrubbing brushes 15 and connecting piece 12, the lower extreme of piston rod 6 passes through connecting piece 12 and links to each other with scrubbing brush 15, connecting piece 12 is the low groove shape, 6 lower extremes of piston rod have the external screw thread, and wear to locate the top horizontal plate of connecting piece 12, piston rod 6 is connected through two fixation nut 11 from top to bottom with connecting piece 12, place connecting piece 12 in two fixation nut 11 middles, utilize screw-thread fit, two fixation nut 11 are screwed up to middle connecting piece 12 direction, fix connecting piece 12 on piston rod 6, thereby guarantee that scrubbing brush 15 accomplishes straight reciprocating motion under the drive assembly effect.
The scrubbing brush 15 is composed of a T-shaped plate 1501 and a flexible friction medium 1502, the flexible friction medium 1502 is vertically installed on one side of the horizontal portion of the T-shaped plate 1501, the extending length of the flexible friction medium 1502 is 20mm, and installation holes 1503 are formed in the vertical portion of the T-shaped plate 1501; the lower parts of two side plates of the connecting piece 12 are oppositely provided with mounting holes, the mounting hole of each connecting piece 12 corresponds to the mounting hole 1503 of the upper part of the T-shaped plate 1501 of one scrubbing brush 15, and the screw 14 penetrates through the mounting hole of the connecting piece 12 and the mounting hole 1503 of the scrubbing brush 15. The cathode plate 16 is arranged between the two scrubbing brushes 15, when the electric scrubbing brush is used, two sides of the cathode plate 16 respectively correspond to the flexible friction media 1502 of the scrubbing brushes 15, the scrubbing brushes 15 are connected with the connecting piece 12 through the screws 14, so that the scrubbing brushes 15 do vertical reciprocating motion under the driving of the speed regulating motor 9, and meanwhile, the parallel distance between the two scrubbing brushes 15 can be changed by adjusting the screws 14 between the connecting piece 12 and the scrubbing brushes 15, so that the contact interference magnitude of the scrubbing brushes 15 and the cathode plate 16 is controlled.
The electroplating bath component comprises an electroplating bath 2, a cathode fixing frame 19 and a conducting strip 13, wherein the electroplating bath 2 is arranged in a magnetic stirring water bath heater 1 filled with water 18, and a plating solution 17 is filled in the electroplating bath 2; the two anode plates 3 are inserted in the electroplating bath 2, and the upper ends of the two anode plates 3 are respectively connected with the anode of the pulse power supply 4 through leads; the sample to be plated is inserted on a cathode fixing frame 19 in the electroplating tank 2 as a cathode plate 16, the top of the cathode plate 16 is closely contacted and connected with a conducting strip 13 on the cathode fixing frame 19, and the upper end of the conducting strip 13 is connected with the negative pole of the pulse power supply 4 through a lead. The cathode fixing frame 19 is used for clamping the cathode plate 16, the conducting strip 13 on the cathode fixing frame 19 is used as a connecting medium of the cathode plate 16 and the negative pole of the pulse power supply 4, and meanwhile, the cathode fixing frame 19 is installed on a cathode clamping groove in the middle of the electroplating bath 2, so that the cathode plate 16 is not deviated in the electroplating process.
The middle top of the rear side plate 21 of the electroplating bath 2 is provided with a rear side plate groove 22, the middle top of the front side plate 23 of the electroplating bath 2 is provided with a front side plate groove 24, the rear side plate groove 22 and the front side plate groove 24 are arranged oppositely, an anode clamping groove 25 is arranged between the inner wall of the rear side plate 21 and the inner wall of the front side plate 23 relatively, anode plates 3 on two sides are ensured to be parallel to a cathode plate 16 fixed in the middle, and the pole spacing is 50 mm.
The cathode fixing frame 19 is of a groove-shaped structure, the tops of two sides of the cathode fixing frame are horizontally provided with transverse bars, and the rear vertical bar 1903 of the cathode fixing frame 19 corresponds to the front vertical bar 1904; the rear transverse bar 1901 is positioned outside the top of the rear vertical bar 1903, and the rear transverse bar 1901 is fixed in the rear plate groove 22 in the middle of the electroplating bath 2 by interference fit; the front transverse bar 1902 is positioned at the outer side of the top of the front vertical bar 1904, and the front transverse bar 1902 is fixed in the front plate groove 24 in the middle of the electroplating bath 2 by interference fit; a rear clamping groove 1905 is formed in the inner side of the rear vertical bar 1903, a front clamping groove 1906 is formed in the inner side of the front vertical bar 1904, the rear clamping groove 1905 and the front clamping groove 1906 are arranged oppositely to serve as a cathode clamping groove, and a to-be-plated sample of the cathode plate is mounted in the cathode clamping groove of the cathode fixing frame 19 in an interference fit mode.
For the negative plate to-be-plated sample, two anode plates 3 with larger sizes are directly placed in the anode clamping grooves 25 on the two sides of the electroplating bath 2, and the two anode plates 3 placed in the anode clamping grooves 25 can be ensured to be parallel to the negative plate to-be-plated sample, and the distance between the two anode plates is fixed.
As shown in figures 1-4, the method for physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of a nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coating of the present invention adopts a physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition technology, which is a technology that a flexible friction medium (such as bristles) is used for continuously rubbing the surface of a steel gun as a cathode plate in an electroplating process, so as to form the nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coating on the surface of the cathode plate, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) treating the sample to be plated before plating. The surface of a cathode plate blast steel PCrNi3MoVA matrix is subjected to electroplating pretreatment, a sample to be plated is firstly polished by using No. 240, No. 600, No. 1000 and No. 1500 abrasive paper in sequence, then the sample is put into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, then alkali washing is carried out for oil removal, and finally acid washing activation is carried out.
(2) 1L of plating solution is prepared, and deionized water is used for preparing the plating solution in the preparation process.
The formula of the plating solution for preparing the coating is as follows:
(3) pouring the prepared plating solution into a plating bath placed in a magnetic stirring water bath heater, turning on the heater, and heating the plating solution to 50 ℃ in a water bath.
(4) And when the temperature of the plating solution reaches 50 ℃, placing the to-be-plated sample subjected to pretreatment in a cathode fixing frame, and adjusting the position of the to-be-plated sample to ensure that the to-be-plated sample is right below the scrubbing brush.
(5) Connecting the anode plate and the cathode plate with the anode and the cathode of a pulse power supply through leads, turning on the pulse power supply, setting current density, frequency, duty ratio and time, and starting a pre-plating stage.
(6) After preplating for 10 minutes, a controller switch is turned on, the scrubbing brush starts to work, and the friction plating stage is started.
The electrodeposition process parameters of pre-plating and friction plating are as follows: the average current density is 5A/dm 2 The pulse frequency is 200Hz, the duty ratio is 0.5, the temperature is 50 ℃, the total electroplating time is 30min (preplating is 10min + friction plating is 20min), and the movement speed of the friction medium is 11.5 m/min.
(7) And after the friction plating is finished, cutting off a power supply, cleaning the taken sample with water, finally drying the sample by blowing, bagging and marking the sample to obtain the physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition nano nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the thickness of about 30 mu m.
In this embodiment, the technical indexes of the nanostructure nickel-cobalt alloy coating are as follows: the surface of the coating is flat, compact and smooth; the crystal grains are fine, and the average crystal grain size reaches 13 nm; the microhardness reaches 587.5HV 0.5 (ii) a Under the action of a friction load of 5N, the friction coefficient is 0.6. The embodiment result shows that the nano-structure nickel-cobalt alloy coating has the characteristics of high hardness and good wear resistance.
Claims (10)
1. A method for electrically depositing a nickel-cobalt alloy coating with a nano structure by physical field auxiliary pulse is characterized in that a physical field auxiliary pulse electro-deposition technology is adopted, and the technology is that a flexible friction medium is utilized to continuously rub the surface of blast steel serving as a cathode plate in an electroplating process, so that the nickel-cobalt alloy coating with the nano structure is formed on the surface of the cathode plate.
2. The method of physical field assisted pulsed electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) before-plating treatment of to-be-plated sample
Firstly, grinding a sample to be plated by using 240#, 600#, 1000# and 1500# abrasive paper in sequence, then putting the sample into a beaker filled with absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, then carrying out alkali cleaning to remove oil, and finally carrying out acid cleaning and activation;
(2) preparing 1L of plating solution, wherein deionized water is used for preparing the plating solution in the preparation process;
(3) pouring the prepared plating solution into a plating bath placed in a magnetic stirring water bath heater, turning on the heater, and heating the plating solution to 40-60 ℃ in a water bath;
(4) when the temperature of the plating solution reaches 40-60 ℃, placing the to-be-plated sample subjected to pretreatment in a cathode fixing frame, and adjusting the position of the to-be-plated sample to ensure that the to-be-plated sample is right below the scrubbing brush;
(5) connecting the anode plate and the cathode plate with the anode and the cathode of a pulse power supply through leads, turning on the pulse power supply, setting current density, frequency, duty ratio and time, and starting a pre-plating stage;
(6) after the pre-plating stage, turning on a controller switch, starting the scrubbing brush to work, and entering a friction plating stage;
(7) and after the friction plating is finished, cutting off a power supply, cleaning the taken sample with water, finally drying the sample by blowing, bagging and marking the sample to obtain the physical field auxiliary pulse electro-deposition nano-structure nickel-cobalt alloy coating.
3. The method for physical field assisted pulsed electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (2), the coating bath formulation for the preparation of the coating is as follows:
the medicines are all Chinese medicines, and the plating solution is prepared by using deionized water.
4. The method of physical field assisted pulsed electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 2, characterized in that in steps (5) and (6), the electrodeposition process parameters of pre-plating and friction plating are as follows: the average current density is 2.5-10A/dm 2 The pulse frequency is 100-300 Hz, the duty ratio is 0.4-0.6, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, the total electroplating time is 30-60 min, the pre-plating time is 10-15 min, the friction plating time is 20-45 min, and the movement speed of the flexible friction medium is 8-12 m/min.
5. The method for physical field assisted pulsed electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (1), the sample to be plated is a cathode plate gun steel PCrNi3MoVA matrix; in the step (6), the flexible friction medium adopted in the friction plating stage is bristles.
6. An experimental device for physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coatings for use in the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the experimental device comprises a driving assembly, a scrubbing brush assembly, an electroplating bath assembly, a pulse power supply and a magnetic stirring water bath heater, and is specifically structured as follows:
the driving assembly comprises a piston cylinder, a piston rod, a first transmission rod, a second transmission rod, a speed regulating motor and a controller, wherein the vertical piston rod penetrates through the piston cylinder, the upper end of the piston rod is hinged with one end of the first transmission rod, the other end of the first transmission rod is hinged with one end of the second transmission rod, the other end of the second transmission rod is connected with the output end of the speed regulating motor, and the input end of the speed regulating motor is connected with the controller;
the scrubbing brush assembly comprises two scrubbing brushes and a connecting piece, the lower end of the piston rod is connected with the scrubbing brushes through the connecting piece, the connecting piece is in a lower groove shape, the lower end of the piston rod is provided with external threads and penetrates through a top horizontal plate of the connecting piece, and the piston rod is connected with the connecting piece through an upper fixing nut and a lower fixing nut;
the electroplating bath component comprises an electroplating bath, a cathode fixing frame and a conducting strip, wherein the electroplating bath is arranged in a magnetic stirring water bath heater filled with water, and the electroplating bath is filled in the electroplating bath; the two anode plates are inserted in the electroplating bath, and the upper ends of the two anode plates are respectively connected with the anode of the pulse power supply through conducting wires; the sample to be plated is inserted on a cathode fixing frame in the electroplating bath as a cathode plate, the top of the cathode plate is in close contact with a conducting strip on the cathode fixing frame, and the upper end of the conducting strip is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply through a lead.
7. The experimental device for the physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of the nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coating according to claim 6, wherein the scrubber is composed of a T-shaped plate and a flexible friction medium, the flexible friction medium is vertically installed on one side of the horizontal part of the T-shaped plate, the extending length of the flexible friction medium is 10-30 mm, and installation holes are separately formed in the vertical part of the T-shaped plate; mounting holes are oppositely formed in the lower parts of the two side plates of the connecting piece, the mounting hole of each connecting piece corresponds to the mounting hole in the upper part of the T-shaped plate of one scrubbing brush, and screws penetrate through the mounting holes of the connecting pieces and the mounting holes of the scrubbing brushes;
set up the negative plate between two scrubbing brushes, the negative plate both sides are corresponding with the flexible friction medium of scrubbing brush respectively during the use, and the scrubbing brush passes through the screw with the connecting piece and links to each other for the scrubbing brush makes vertical reciprocating motion under the drive of buncher, and through the screw between adjustment connecting piece and the scrubbing brush, changes the parallel interval between two scrubbing brushes simultaneously, thereby controls the contact magnitude of interference of scrubbing brush and negative plate.
8. The experimental device for physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 6, characterized in that the middle top of the rear side plate of the electroplating bath is provided with a rear side plate groove, the middle top of the front side plate of the electroplating bath is provided with a front side plate groove, the rear side plate groove is arranged opposite to the front side plate groove, and an anode clamping groove is arranged between the inner wall of the rear side plate and the inner wall of the front side plate, so that the anode plates at two sides are parallel to the cathode plate fixed in the middle, and the distance between the electrodes is 40-60 mm.
9. The experimental facility for physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 6, characterized in that the cathode holder is of a groove-shaped structure and the tops of both sides are horizontally provided with horizontal bars, the rear vertical bar of the cathode holder corresponds to the front vertical bar; the rear side transverse strip is positioned at the outer side of the top of the rear side vertical strip and is fixed in a rear side plate groove in the middle of the electroplating bath in an interference fit manner; the front transverse bar is positioned at the outer side of the top of the front vertical bar and is fixed in a front side plate groove in the middle of the electroplating bath by interference fit; the inner side of the rear vertical bar is provided with a rear clamping groove, the inner side of the front vertical bar is provided with a front clamping groove, the rear clamping groove and the front clamping groove are oppositely arranged to serve as a cathode clamping groove, and a sample to be plated of the cathode plate is arranged in the cathode clamping groove of the cathode fixing frame in an interference fit mode.
10. The experimental facility for the physical field assisted pulse electrodeposition of nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy coatings according to claim 6, characterized in that two anode plates are directly placed into the anode slots at both sides of the electroplating bath, and the two anode plates placed into the anode slots are parallel to the cathode plate sample to be plated, with a fixed inter-polar distance.
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