CN114890651A - System and method for sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant co-treatment - Google Patents
System and method for sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant co-treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114890651A CN114890651A CN202210624769.5A CN202210624769A CN114890651A CN 114890651 A CN114890651 A CN 114890651A CN 202210624769 A CN202210624769 A CN 202210624769A CN 114890651 A CN114890651 A CN 114890651A
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- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of waste disposal and resource utilization. In particular to a system and a method for the cooperative treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants. The system comprises a low-temperature drying unit, a grinding unit, a reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and an odor absorption tower; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with a tail gas treatment unit, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit and the tail gas treatment unit are converged and then are connected to an odor absorption tower together; the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants below 80 ℃ so as to prevent the pollutants from escaping in a gas form; the grinding unit is used for crushing and grinding the pollutants after low-temperature drying to be less than 100 microns; the reaction unit is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range; the tail gas treatment unit is used for rapidly cooling the hot tail gas; the odor absorption tower is used for purifying the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor overflowing from the tail gas treatment unit, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the tower top.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waste disposal and resource utilization. In particular to a system and a method for the cooperative treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants.
Background
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the most typical persistent organochlorine pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment and are difficult to degrade. Due to the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of PCBs, soil becomes the final destination of PCBs in the environment, and therefore, more and more attention is paid to remediation of soil polluted by PCBs. Soil is the largest receptor for PCBs and is the ultimate sink for PCBs. The main sources of PCBs in the soil are: discharge of waste water containing PCBs, leakage of solid wastes containing PCBs, waste incineration, atmosphere settlement for long-distance migration and the like. The PCBs polluted soil is mainly distributed in PCBs chemical production plants, disassembled points containing PCBs capacitors, waste PCBs power equipment temporary storage sites, peripheral areas and the like.
The repair principle is divided into physical repair, chemical repair and biological repair. The high-temperature incineration technology in chemical remediation is most widely used for treating persistent organic pollutants, requires high temperature of 870 ℃ and 1200 ℃, and is a technology for ex-situ remediation of PCBs contaminated soil. The soil polluted by PCBs is placed in an incinerator, sufficient oxygen is blown in, and PCBs are burnt at high temperature to generate harmless substances. The method can be used for treating soil with heavy PCBs pollution degree, and has the advantages of large treatment capacity and high treatment efficiency. However, in the process of burning PCBs at high temperatures, the physicochemical properties of the soil are destroyed, and new POPs such as dioxin and furan are produced. These substances can contaminate the atmosphere, water and soil, and even harm human beings, after entering the environment. Therefore, the operation of the equipment needs to be continuously monitored during the incineration process, and the reaction temperature needs to be strictly controlled.
The sludge usually contains a large amount of water, the water content is as high as 97.5-99.5%, the volume of the sludge is very large, great difficulty is brought to subsequent treatment procedures and transportation, the treatment cost is greatly increased, and a common sewage plant leaves the factory after dewatering to about 80% through a belt filter press, but the water content is still high. The cement kiln needs to be subjected to technologies for reducing the water content of the sludge such as dehydration and drying intervention treatment in a synergistic manner, so that the large-scale treatment can be realized, but the defect that a large amount of energy is consumed in pretreatment is also faced.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are treated at high temperature, the energy consumption is large, and the subsequent flue gas is still possible to generate new POPs pollutants such as dioxin, furan and the like, and the flue gas needs to be treated in a targeted manner.
(2) The high temperature of up to 870-1200 ℃ destroys the physicochemical property of the soil, and restricts the reutilization of the subsequent soil.
(3) When the tail gas is treated, firstly, the middle-high temperature waste heat is wasted, and secondly, extra energy and equipment are needed to treat the tail gas, so that the energy is wasted.
(4) The energy consumption and the cost are high when the water content of the sludge is independently reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a system and a method for the cooperative treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a system for the cooperative treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, which comprises a low-temperature drying unit, a grinding unit, a reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and an odor absorption tower, wherein the low-temperature drying unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit and the tail gas treatment unit are converged and then are connected to the odor absorption tower together;
the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the lowest possible temperature, so that the pollutants are prevented from escaping in a gas form;
the grinding unit is used for crushing and grinding the pollutants after low-temperature drying to be less than 100 microns;
the reaction unit is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range;
the tail gas treatment unit is used for rapidly cooling the hot tail gas so as to avoid the secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl;
the odor absorption tower is used for purifying the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor overflowing from the tail gas treatment unit, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower.
Further, the low-temperature drying unit is one of air energy heat pump drying equipment, electric heating drying equipment, boiler drying equipment, solar drying equipment, thermal radiation drying equipment and electromagnetic induction heating drying equipment.
Further, the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln/a sealed tank with stirring/a bubbling bed/a fluidized bed.
Furthermore, the grinding unit is one of the existing devices of a ball mill, a vertical mill, a roller press and a vibration mill.
Further, when the reaction unit selects a rotary kiln, the feed end of the rotary kiln is connected with a hot air pipeline so as to heat the rotary kiln and remove dioxin by using hot air; an annular baffle is fixed on the side of the feeding end in the rotary kiln; polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants enter the inner side of a baffle of the rotary kiln from the grinding unit through an inclined pipeline, and the tail end of the pipeline is a discharge hole; the effective length of the rotary kiln meets the condition that L is more than or equal to a +1120Rnsin theta so as to meet the retention time necessary for removing dioxin, and the effective length indicates the length between the position where the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants leave the rotary kiln and the material inlet; wherein: a-the horizontal distance between the baffle and the discharge hole, wherein a is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 300 mm; r-the inner diameter of the rotary kiln, wherein R is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 3 m; n-the rotating speed of the rotary kiln, wherein n is more than or equal to 3r/min and less than or equal to 5 r/min; theta is the inclination angle of the rotary kiln, sin theta is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05; a gas outlet of the rotary kiln is connected with a tail gas treatment unit through a tail gas conveying pipeline, and the gas outlet is arranged on one side opposite to the feeding end; the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant treated product is discharged from the end of the rotary kiln.
Further, when the reaction unit is a sealed tank with stirring,the feed end of the seal tank is connected with a hot air pipeline; the volume of the sealed tank must satisfy
D is the inner diameter of the seal tank, v is the vertical flow velocity of hot air in the seal tank, and t is the reaction residence time of the hot air in the seal tank; the gas outlet of the seal tank is also connected with the tail gas treatment unit.
Further, the tail gas treatment unit is a sludge tank, the bottom of the sludge tank is a tail gas injection port communicated with the reaction unit, and the top of the sludge tank is a tail gas overflow port communicated with the odor absorption tower; the bottom of the sludge tank is provided with factory sludge with water content of 80%.
The invention also aims to provide a disposal method of the system for the synergistic disposal of the sludge and the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants in a low-temperature drying unit at a low temperature, wherein the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture content of the pollutants is controlled below 3%; discharging the dried tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) the particle size of the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants are crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled at 650 ℃ and is kept for 120 min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is in full contact with the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration disposal, and gas overflowing from the sludge tank is converged with gas exhausted from the low-temperature drying unit and then is exhausted outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention has the advantages that high temperature of 870 and 1200 ℃ is not needed, the damage to the physicochemical property of soil is reduced, polychlorinated biphenyl is prevented from being generated in tail gas again, the tail gas is introduced into sludge with the water content of about 80% at one time by further utilizing the heat carried by the tail gas, the odor at the outlet of a sludge tank is converged with the gas at the outlet of a low-temperature drying system and is discharged after being absorbed by an odor absorption tower, the impact of the gas entering a high-temperature area on a cement kiln system is solved, and the problem that the odor at the outlet of the sludge tank carries the polychlorinated biphenyl, so that the odor absorption tower possibly contains the polychlorinated biphenyl, and the substances in the odor absorption tower become dangerous wastes and the treatment cost is increased is avoided. In addition, the hot tail gas entering the sludge tank can be used for drying the sludge, the moisture content of the sludge can be greatly reduced by sludge drying, the incineration disposal of a cement kiln is facilitated, the volume and the weight of the sludge are reduced, and the odor of the sludge is greatly reduced; the sludge with the water content is easy to flow, and the hot tail gas injected from the bottom of the sludge tank can be rapidly cooled in the upward flowing process, so that the secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl is avoided. The sludge tank has two advantages in the aspect of treatment of factory sludge and hot tail gas, and greatly reduces the treatment cost.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system in which a rotary kiln is used as a reaction unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a system in which a sealed tank is used in the reaction unit of the present invention.
In the figure; 1. a low temperature drying unit; 2. a grinding unit; 3. a rotary kiln; 31. a feeding end; 32. a gas outlet; 33. an annular baffle; 34. a pipeline; 4. a tail gas treatment unit; 5. a tail gas conveying pipeline; 6. a hot air duct; 7. sealing the tank; 8. an odor absorption tower.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system for the cooperative treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, which comprises a low-temperature drying unit 1, a grinding unit 2 and a reaction unit which are sequentially connected; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit 4, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit 1 and the tail gas treatment unit 4 are converged and then are connected to the odor absorption tower 8.
Preferably, the low-temperature drying unit 1 is one of existing devices such as an air-energy heat pump drying device, an electrical heating drying device, a boiler drying device, a solar drying device, a thermal radiation drying device, an electromagnetic induction heating drying device and the like, and is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at a temperature as low as possible so as to prevent the pollutants from escaping in a gas form;
the grinding unit 2 is one of the existing devices such as a ball mill, a vertical mill, a roller press, a vibration mill and the like; and the pollutants after low-temperature drying enter a grinding unit to be ground, and the particle size is controlled to be below 100 micrometers.
The reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln 3/a sealing tank 7 with stirring/a bubbling bed/a fluidized bed, and is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range;
preferably, when the reaction unit selects the rotary kiln 3, the feed end 31 of the rotary kiln is connected with the hot air pipeline 6 so as to heat the rotary kiln 3 and remove dioxin by using hot air; an annular baffle 33 is fixed on the side of the feeding end 31 in the rotary kiln to ensure that polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants are not prevented from flowing back to the kiln head of the rotary kiln to form a dead zone in the process of discharging the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants into the rotary kiln; polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants are conveyed to the inner side of a baffle plate of the rotary kiln through an inclined pipeline 34 under the action of gravity and vibration equipment, and a discharge hole is formed at the tail end of the pipeline; the effective length of the rotary kiln meets the condition that L is more than or equal to a +1120Rnsin theta so as to meet the retention time necessary for removing dioxin, and the effective length indicates the length between the position where the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants leave the rotary kiln and the material inlet; wherein: a-the horizontal distance between the baffle and the discharge hole, wherein a is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 300 mm; r-the inner diameter of the rotary kiln, wherein R is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 3 m; n-the rotating speed of the rotary kiln, wherein n is more than or equal to 3r/min and less than or equal to 5 r/min; theta is the inclination angle of the rotary kiln, sin theta is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05; the gas outlet 32 of the rotary kiln is connected to the off-gas treatment unit 4 via an off-gas duct 5, said gas outlet 32 being arranged on the side opposite to the feed end 31.
Preferably, when the reaction unit selects a sealed tank 7 with stirring, the feeding end of the sealed tank is connected with a hot air pipeline; according to the calculation, the volume of the sealed tank is required to satisfy
Wherein D is the inner diameter of the sealing tank; v is the vertical flow rate of the hot air in the sealed tank; t is the reaction residence time of the hot air in the sealed tank. The gas outlet of the seal tank is also connected with the tail gas treatment unit 4.
The odor absorption tower 8 is used for purifying the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor at the outlet of the sludge tank, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower;
the tail gas treatment unit 4 is a sludge tank, the bottom of the sludge tank is a tail gas injection port communicated with the reaction unit, and the top of the sludge tank is a tail gas overflow port communicated with the odor absorption tower; the bottom of the sludge tank is provided with outgoing sludge with the water content of 80%, the hot tail gas entering the sludge tank can be used for drying the sludge, the water content of the sludge can be greatly reduced by sludge drying, the incineration disposal of a cement kiln is facilitated, the volume and the weight of the sludge are reduced, and the odor of the sludge is greatly reduced; in addition, the sludge with the water content is easy to flow, and the hot tail gas injected from the bottom of the sludge tank can be rapidly cooled in the upward flowing process, so that the secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl is avoided. The sludge tank has two advantages in the aspect of treatment of factory sludge and hot tail gas, and greatly reduces the treatment cost.
Specifically, the drying temperature of the low-temperature drying unit 1 is controlled below 80 ℃, polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants enter the unit and then are dried for a certain time at a low temperature, drying tail gas is converged with odor at the outlet of a sludge tank and enters an odor absorption tower together for gas purification, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower. Crushing and grinding polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants, controlling the particle size to be below 100 microns, and then feeding the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants into a reaction unit, controlling the reaction temperature to be 350-650 ℃, and keeping the reaction temperature for 30-120 min; continuously introducing flowing gas into the reaction unit, wherein the gas components have no special requirements, and the gas is fully contacted with the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the speed of 0.2-2 m/s; and introducing the gas contacted with the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant into the bottom of a tail gas treatment unit with the water content of 80%, allowing the sludge to enter a cement kiln for incineration, and converging the gas and the dried tail gas.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for cooperatively treating sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants by adopting the system in the embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants in a low-temperature drying unit at a low temperature, wherein the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture content of the pollutants is controlled below 3%; discharging the dried tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) the particle size of the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants are crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled at 350 ℃, and the reaction unit is kept for 120 min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is in full contact with the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration disposal, and gas overflowing from the sludge tank is converged with gas exhausted from the low-temperature drying unit and then is exhausted outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a method for cooperatively treating sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants by adopting the system in the embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants in a low-temperature drying unit at a low temperature, wherein the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture content of the pollutants is controlled below 3%; discharging the dried tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) the particle size of the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants are crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled at 650 ℃, and the reaction unit is kept for 30 min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is in full contact with the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration disposal, and gas overflowing from the sludge tank is converged with gas exhausted from the low-temperature drying unit and then is exhausted outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
The present embodiment has been described in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A system that mud and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant dispose in coordination which characterized in that: the system comprises a low-temperature drying unit, a grinding unit, a reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and an odor absorption tower; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit and the tail gas treatment unit are converged and then are connected to the odor absorption tower together;
the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the lowest possible temperature, so that the pollutants are prevented from escaping in a gas form;
the grinding unit is used for crushing and grinding the pollutants after low-temperature drying to be less than 100 microns;
the reaction unit is used for degrading and removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range;
the tail gas treatment unit is used for rapidly cooling the hot tail gas so as to avoid the secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl;
the odor absorption tower is used for purifying the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor overflowing from the tail gas treatment unit, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower.
2. The system for the co-treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature drying unit is one of air energy heat pump drying equipment, electric heating drying equipment, boiler drying equipment, solar drying equipment, thermal radiation drying equipment and electromagnetic induction heating drying equipment.
3. The system for the co-treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln/a sealed tank with stirring/a bubbling bed/a fluidized bed.
4. The system for the co-treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grinding unit is one of the existing devices of a ball mill, a vertical mill, a roller press and a vibration mill.
5. The system for the co-treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the reaction unit selects the rotary kiln, the feed end of the rotary kiln is connected with a hot air pipeline so as to heat the rotary kiln and remove dioxin by using hot air; an annular baffle is fixed on the side of the feeding end in the rotary kiln; polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants enter the inner side of a baffle of the rotary kiln from the grinding unit through an inclined pipeline, and the tail end of the pipeline is a discharge hole; the effective length of the rotary kiln meets the condition that L is more than or equal to a +1120Rnsin theta so as to meet the retention time necessary for removing dioxin, and the effective length indicates the length between the position where the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants leave the rotary kiln and the material inlet; wherein: a-the horizontal distance between the baffle and the discharge hole, wherein a is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 300 mm; r-the inner diameter of the rotary kiln, wherein R is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 3 m; n-the rotating speed of the rotary kiln, wherein n is more than or equal to 3r/min and less than or equal to 5 r/min; theta is the inclination angle of the rotary kiln, sin theta is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05; a gas outlet of the rotary kiln is connected with a tail gas treatment unit through a tail gas conveying pipeline, and the gas outlet is arranged on one side opposite to the feeding end; the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant treatment products are discharged from the tail end of the rotary kiln.
6. The system for the co-treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the reaction unit selects a sealed tank with stirring, the feed end of the sealed tank is connected with a hot air pipeline;the volume of the sealed tank must satisfy
D is the inner diameter of the seal tank, v is the vertical flow velocity of hot air in the seal tank, and t is the reaction residence time of the hot air in the seal tank; the gas outlet of the seal tank is also connected with the tail gas treatment unit.
7. The system for the co-treatment of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tail gas treatment unit is a sludge tank, the bottom of the sludge tank is a tail gas injection port communicated with the reaction unit, and the top of the sludge tank is a tail gas overflow port communicated with the odor absorption tower; the bottom of the sludge tank is provided with factory sludge with water content of 80%.
8. A disposal method using the system for the co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) drying the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants in a low-temperature drying unit at a low temperature, wherein the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture content of the pollutants is controlled below 3%; discharging the dried tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) the particle size of the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants are crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled at 650 ℃ and is kept for 120 min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is in full contact with the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration disposal, and gas overflowing from the sludge tank is converged with gas exhausted from the low-temperature drying unit and then is exhausted outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
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| CN202210624769.5A CN114890651B (en) | 2022-06-02 | 2022-06-02 | System and method for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants |
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