CN114889303A - 木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法 - Google Patents
木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,本发明涉及木塑复合材料领域。本发明要解决可降解木塑复合材料在使用过程中易受到真菌、细菌、白蚁、藻类、海生生物等生物因子的侵蚀,导致性能下降,使用寿缩短命的技术问题。方法:对生物质纤维进行处理;与可降解塑料颗粒进行共混,挤出成型,粉碎,挤出成型,将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理。本发明提出了一种全降解抗菌木塑复合材料,其抗菌性能好,耐老化性能优异,并且当需要时又可完全降解,对环境友好。本发明用于制备全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑复合材料领域。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是指以经过预处理的植物纤维或粉末为主要组分,与高分子树脂基体复合而成的一种新型材料。木质纤维使木塑复合材料具有良好的力学性能,并且原料来源广泛,如木材加工剩余物、农作物秸秆、竹材、麻等,对这些生物质原料的利用能够解决资源浪费以及秸秆焚烧造成严重环境污染的问题。聚烯烃基体使其具有较好的耐水性、耐候性、抗弯性能、表面抗冲击性能等,其来源包括由化石能源生产的聚合物、回收的废旧塑料以及一些可降解的高分子聚合物。其应用范围非常广泛,主要应用在建材、汽车工业、货物的包装运输、仓贮业、装饰材料及日常生活用具等方面。
然而随着社会经济的发展,能源危机日趋紧张,白色污染日益严重,人类对环境保护及可持续发展的意识逐渐增强。因此,环境友好型复合材料也应运而生。用天然植物纤维原料与可生物降解树脂复合,能够制备出可降解、性能优、环境友好的木塑复合材料。但也正是由于其可降解性造成使其在使用过程中也会受到真菌、细菌、白蚁、藻类、海生生物等生物因子的侵蚀,导致性能下降,使用寿缩短命,限制了其使用范围。
发明内容
本发明要解决可降解木塑复合材料在使用过程中易受到真菌、细菌、白蚁、藻类、海生生物等生物因子的侵蚀,导致性能下降,使用寿缩短命的技术问题,而提供木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法。
木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行预处理,然后与可降解塑料颗粒进行共混,得到共混料;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至130~180℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,施加压力进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法为以下四种方法:
方法一:
将抗菌剂与塑料混合,制成抗菌薄膜;将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,再覆盖抗菌薄膜覆盖,热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法二:
将覆层材料在抗菌剂中浸泡,然后干燥;再将处理后的覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法三:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型涂料,固化处理,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法四:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型木蜡油,干燥,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提出了一种全降解抗菌木塑复合材料,其抗菌性能好,耐老化性能优异,并且当需要时又可完全降解,对环境友好。
本发明若用薄木覆层,抗菌塑料薄膜和木塑复合材料表面塑料均为热塑性材料,在加热到达熔点后会呈熔融体状态,会在一定程度上渗透进单板的导管中,冷却后形成锚固结构使三者结合在一起。若用织物覆层,加热使抗菌塑料薄膜和木塑复合材料表面塑料熔融渗入纤维织物的纤维间隙中形成稳固的粘合结构。
经检测,以大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌为试验菌株,参照QB/T2591-2003(抗菌塑料的抗菌性能试验方法)及LY/T 1926-2010(抗菌木(竹)质地板抗菌性能检验方法与抗菌效果)标准,测定全降解抗菌木塑复合材料对上述三种细菌的抗菌性能。结果表明抗菌能力都在99%以上。本发明用于制备全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
本发明用于制备木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举的具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式之间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行预处理,然后与可降解塑料颗粒进行共混,得到共混料;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至130~180℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,施加压力进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法为以下四种方法:
方法一:
将抗菌剂与塑料混合,制成抗菌薄膜;将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,再覆盖抗菌薄膜覆盖,热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法二:
将覆层材料在抗菌剂中浸泡,然后干燥;再将处理后的覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法三:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型涂料,固化处理,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法四:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型木蜡油,干燥,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:步骤一所述预处理包括烘干处理和偶联剂处理。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是:所述偶联剂为KH550、KH560、E44、铝酸酯偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂,偶联剂溶液的质量浓度为1~2%。其它与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是:步骤一所述可降解塑料颗粒为可降解热塑性聚合物;
可降解热塑性聚合物为PBAT颗粒、PPC颗粒、PBS颗粒或PLA颗粒。其它与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是:步骤一共混采用高速混料机进行共混,控制转速为1000r/min,混合时间为5~7min;
所得共混料中生物质纤维的质量百分含量为50-80%。其它与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。
具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同的是:步骤二控制挤出成型温度为130~180℃。其它与具体实施方式一至五之一相同。
具体实施方式七:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是:步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法一中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
塑料为PPC颗粒或PLA颗粒;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为2~5分钟;
冷压定型控制压力为5MPa;
抗菌剂为碱式次氯酸镁或TiO2/rGO纳米复合物。其它与具体实施方式一至六之一相同。
具体实施方式八:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至七之一不同的是:步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法二中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为1~4分钟;
冷压定型控制压力为5MPa;
抗菌剂为POASC、PFASC、有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂或纳米银抗菌剂。其它与具体实施方式一至三七之一相同。
具体实施方式九:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一不同的是:步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法三中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为1~4分钟;
固化处理为加热固化或紫外线照射固化;
抗菌型涂料为锌型抗菌涂料、纳米银型抗菌涂料、纳米复合抗菌型涂料或胍盐键合型聚氨酯涂料。其它与具体实施方式一至八之一相同。
具体实施方式十:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至九之一不同的是:步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法四中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为1~4分钟;
抗菌型木蜡油为抗菌型木蜡油为市售木蜡油与抗菌剂的混合物;
抗菌型木蜡油干燥方式为,温度为25℃,湿度70%的环境下,漆膜的表干时间20~40分钟,实干时间1~2小时。其它与具体实施方式一至九之一相同。
采用以下实施例和对比实验验证本发明的有益效果:
实施例一:
本实施例木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行烘干处理,烘干温度为105℃,再采用偶联剂溶液处理,然后烘干,烘干温度为105℃,烘干时间为10h;然后与可降解塑料颗粒放入在高速混料机中共混,混合6min,转速为1000r/min,得到共混料;共混料中生物质纤维的质量百分含量为50-80%;
所述生物质纤维为木纤维;
所述偶联剂为KH550,偶联剂溶液质量浓度为1%-2%;
所述偶联剂溶液处理为,将偶联剂溶液喷洒在生物质纤维上,放置2h,然后进行烘干处理;
可降解热塑性聚合物为PPC颗粒;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,控制温度为130℃,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;粒径为5mm;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至130℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
所述抗菌处理的方法为:
将抗菌剂与塑料混合,制成抗菌薄膜;将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,再覆盖抗菌薄膜覆盖,热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;塑料为PPC;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140℃,热压时间为4分钟;
冷压定型控制压力为5MPa;
抗菌剂为碱式次氯酸镁。
此全降解抗菌木塑复合材料参照国际标准EN13432进行堆肥化处理,结果表明其可生物分解和崩解,并且在堆肥最终使用中是完全可生物分解的。
以大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌为试验菌株,参照QB/T2591-2003(抗菌塑料的抗菌性能试验方法)及LY/T 1926-2010(抗菌木(竹)质地板抗菌性能检验方法与抗菌效果)标准,测定全降解抗菌木塑复合材料对上述三种细菌的抗菌性能。结果表明抗菌能力在99%以上。
实施例二:
本实施例木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行烘干处理,烘干温度为105℃,再采用偶联剂溶液处理,然后烘干,烘干温度为105℃,烘干时间为10h;然后与可降解塑料颗粒放入在高速混料机中共混,混合5min,转速为1000r/min,得到共混料;共混料中生物质纤维的质量百分含量为50-80%;
所述生物质纤维为秸秆纤维;
所述偶联剂为KH560,偶联剂溶液质量浓度为1%-2%;
所述偶联剂溶液处理为,将偶联剂溶液喷洒在生物质纤维上,放置2h,然后进行烘干处理;
可降解热塑性聚合物为PBS颗粒;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,控制温度为130℃,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;粒径6mm;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至140℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
所述抗菌处理的方法为:
将覆层材料在抗菌剂中浸泡,然后干燥;再将处理后的覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140℃,热压时间为3分钟;
冷压定型控制压力为5MPa;
抗菌剂为纳米银抗菌剂。
此全降解抗菌木塑复合材料参照国际标准EN13432进行堆肥化处理,结果表明其可生物分解和崩解,并且在堆肥最终使用中是完全可生物分解的。
以大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌为试验菌株,参照QB/T2591-2003(抗菌塑料的抗菌性能试验方法)及LY/T 1926-2010(抗菌木(竹)质地板抗菌性能检验方法与抗菌效果)标准,测定全降解抗菌木塑复合材料对上述三种细菌的抗菌性能。结果表明抗菌能力都在99%以上。
实施例三:
本实施例木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行烘干处理,烘干温度为105℃,再采用偶联剂溶液处理,然后烘干,烘干温度为105℃,烘干时间为8h;然后与可降解塑料颗粒放入在高速混料机中共混,混合5min,转速为1000r/min,得到共混料;共混料中生物质纤维的质量百分含量为50-80%;
所述生物质纤维为木纤维;
所述偶联剂为钛酸酯偶联剂,偶联剂溶液质量浓度为1%-2%;
所述偶联剂溶液处理为,将偶联剂溶液喷洒在生物质纤维上,放置2h,然后进行烘干处理;
可降解热塑性聚合物为PLA颗粒;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,控制温度为180℃,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;粒径4mm;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至180℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
所述抗菌处理的方法为:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型涂料,固化处理,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度180℃,热压时间为3分钟;
固化处理为加热固化或紫外线照射固化;
抗菌型涂料为纳米复合抗菌型涂料(市售产品)。
此全降解抗菌木塑复合材料参照国际标准EN13432进行堆肥化处理,结果表明其可生物分解和崩解,并且在堆肥最终使用中是完全可生物分解的。
以大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌为试验菌株,参照QB/T2591-2003(抗菌塑料的抗菌性能试验方法)及LY/T 1926-2010(抗菌木(竹)质地板抗菌性能检验方法与抗菌效果)标准,测定全降解抗菌木塑复合材料对上述三种细菌的抗菌性能。结果表明抗菌能力都在99%以上。
实施例四:
本实施例木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行烘干处理,烘干温度为105℃,再采用偶联剂溶液处理,然后烘干,烘干温度为105℃,烘干时间为10h;然后与可降解塑料颗粒放入在高速混料机中共混,混合5min,转速为1000r/min,得到共混料;共混料中生物质纤维的质量百分含量为50-80%;
所述偶联剂为铝酸酯偶联剂,偶联剂溶液质量浓度为1%-2%;
所述偶联剂溶液处理为,将偶联剂溶液喷洒在生物质纤维上,放置2h,然后进行烘干处理;
可降解热塑性聚合物为PBAT颗粒;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,控制温度为130℃,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;粒径6mm;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至130℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
所述抗菌处理的方法为:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型木蜡油,干燥,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140℃,热压时间为2分钟;
抗菌型木蜡油为市售木蜡油与抗菌剂的混合物,木蜡油熔点在100℃以下;抗菌剂为2-(4-噻唑基)苯并咪唑;木蜡油与抗菌剂质量比为100:0.3。
抗菌型木蜡油干燥方式为,温度为25℃,湿度70%的环境下,漆膜的表干时间20~40分钟,实干时间1~2小时;
此全降解抗菌木塑复合材料参照国际标准EN13432进行堆肥化处理,结果表明其可生物分解和崩解,并且在堆肥最终使用中是完全可生物分解的。
以大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌为试验菌株,参照QB/T2591-2003(抗菌塑料的抗菌性能试验方法)及LY/T 1926-2010(抗菌木(竹)质地板抗菌性能检验方法与抗菌效果)标准,测定全降解抗菌木塑复合材料对上述三种细菌的抗菌性能。结果表明抗菌能力都在99%以上。
Claims (10)
1.木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于该方法具体按以下步骤进行:
一、将生物质纤维进行预处理,然后与可降解塑料颗粒进行共混,得到共混料;
二、将步骤一获得的共混料进行挤出成型,然后粉碎,获得木塑颗粒;
三、将步骤二获得的木塑颗粒放入挤出成型机中,加热至130~180℃,将木塑颗粒融化均匀,施加压力进行挤出成型,然后梯度降温,冷却定型,牵引,得到复合型材;
四、将步骤三获得的复合型材进行抗菌处理,得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法为以下四种方法:
方法一:
将抗菌剂与塑料混合,制成抗菌薄膜;将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,再覆盖抗菌薄膜覆盖,热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法二:
将覆层材料在抗菌剂中浸泡,然后干燥;再将处理后的覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,再进行冷压定型,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法三:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型涂料,固化处理,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料;
方法四:
将覆层材料覆盖在复合型材表面,进行热压,冷却,然后刷涂抗菌型木蜡油,干燥,制得全降解抗菌木塑复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤一所述预处理包括烘干处理和偶联剂处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于所述偶联剂为KH550、KH560、E44、铝酸酯偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂,偶联剂溶液的质量浓度为1~2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤一所述可降解塑料颗粒为可降解热塑性聚合物;
可降解热塑性聚合物为PBAT颗粒、PPC颗粒、PBS颗粒或PLA颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤一共混采用高速混料机进行共混,控制转速为1000r/min,混合时间为5~7min;
所得共混料中生物质纤维的质量百分含量为50-80%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤二控制挤出成型温度为130~180℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法一中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
塑料为PPC颗粒或PLA颗粒;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为2~5分钟;
冷压定型控制压力为5MPa;
抗菌剂为碱式次氯酸镁或TiO2/rGO纳米复合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法二中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为1~4分钟;
冷压定型控制压力为5MPa;
抗菌剂为POASC、PFASC、有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂或纳米银抗菌剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法三中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为1~4分钟;
固化处理为加热固化或紫外线照射固化;
抗菌型涂料为锌型抗菌涂料、纳米银型抗菌涂料、纳米复合抗菌型涂料或胍盐键合型聚氨酯涂料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的木塑复合材料与抗菌剂复合得到全降解抗菌木塑复合材料的方法,其特征在于步骤四所述抗菌处理的方法四中覆层材料为织物材料或薄木材料;
热压工艺为:预压压力为2MPa,预压时间2-4分钟;热压压力10MPa,热压温度140-180℃,热压时间为1~4分钟;
抗菌型木蜡油为抗菌型木蜡油为市售木蜡油与抗菌剂的混合物;
抗菌型木蜡油干燥方式为,温度为25℃,湿度70%的环境下,漆膜的表干时间20~40分钟,实干时间1~2小时。
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