CN114888304A - Manufacturing method of composite porous structure liquid absorption core - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of composite porous structure liquid absorption core Download PDFInfo
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- CN114888304A CN114888304A CN202210512152.4A CN202210512152A CN114888304A CN 114888304 A CN114888304 A CN 114888304A CN 202210512152 A CN202210512152 A CN 202210512152A CN 114888304 A CN114888304 A CN 114888304A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a liquid absorption core with a composite porous structure, and relates to a liquid absorption core processing technology. Designing a three-dimensional skeleton structure model, guiding the designed three-dimensional skeleton structure model into a 3D printing system, and printing by using metal powder as a raw material and adopting a laser sintering process to obtain a liquid absorption core skeleton structure containing micron pores; and after printing is finished, introducing oxygen into the printer cavity, wherein the oxygen content is 2% -16%, adjusting laser parameters of the printer, performing surface laser printing on the printed liquid absorption core framework structure containing the micron pores, and repeating the steps for 2-10 times to obtain the hydrophilic-hydrophobic controllable composite porous structure liquid absorption core. The manufacturing method is simple, the material consumption is less, the capillary force of the liquid absorption core can be improved, the heat transfer resistance is reduced, the surface wettability is convenient to regulate and control, and the heat transfer condensation efficiency of the liquid absorption core is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wick processing, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a wick with a hydrophilic-hydrophobic controllable composite porous structure.
Background
With the development of miniaturization, integration and high performance of electronic devices, the performance degradation of the devices caused by high heat flux density gradually occurs, and the problem of heat management of the electronic devices is more and more serious. When the operating temperature of the electronic equipment exceeds the rated operating temperature by 10 ℃, the reliability of the electronic equipment is reduced by 50 percent. The ever-increasing demand for heat dissipation has become a bottleneck limiting the applications of electronic components. Therefore, phase change heat transfer devices such as heat pipes and vapor chambers are widely used for effective heat management of electronic products due to their high thermal conductivity, high stability, high reliability, and high cooling capacity. The liquid absorption core generates capillary pressure and is used for driving working fluid to move from the condenser to the evaporator to maintain the operation of the cooling system, the liquid absorption core is the most critical component of the phase-change cooling system, and the performance of the liquid absorption core directly influences the cooling performance of the heat pipe or the temperature-equalizing plate. At present, the common liquid absorption cores mainly comprise three types, namely metal powder sintered liquid absorption cores, wire mesh liquid absorption cores, groove or channel liquid absorption cores and the like.
The existing wick manufacturing method is mainly prepared by a sintering method, and the sintering materials are metal powder, a metal wire mesh, metal fibers and the like. The metal powder sintered wick has the advantages of high mechanical strength, large capillary force and the like, but the wick has low permeability and large fluid flow resistance, and is not beneficial to the gas-liquid separation of the phase change of the working medium when the wick works; meanwhile, the preparation period is long, the size of the liquid absorption core needs to be controlled by matching with a corresponding mould processed by a machine, and the aperture and the porosity are uncontrollable. The silk screen type liquid absorption core has the advantages of high porosity, simple processing technology, low cost and the like, but the liquid absorption core has the defects of low capillary force, large thermal resistance between different silk screen layers and the like, and the heat transfer effect is poor. Except for the liquid absorbing cores prepared by the sintering method, the groove or channel type liquid absorbing core formed by machining has lower capillary force and is not suitable for high-heat-flow-density electronic equipment. In addition, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regulation of the liquid absorption core plays a key role in improving the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe temperature equalizing plate, and the existing hydrophilic and hydrophobic regulation of the liquid absorption core needs surface aftertreatment in a matching mode, so that the manufacturing process is complex, and the quantitative production is inconvenient.
The composite structure liquid absorption core combines the characteristics of various liquid absorption cores, and makes up the defects of the liquid absorption cores. Therefore, patent No. CN104075603A discloses a heat pipe composite wick and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the wick is composed of a metal outer sleeve and a metal porous flow channel, and has a dual-pore structure, so as to improve capillary pressure and permeability, and the metal porous flow channel provides a working medium backflow channel, thereby reducing liquid backflow resistance, and improving heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. However, the process is complicated because the die needs to be manufactured by combining a linear cutting method in advance, and the pores of the liquid absorption core are randomly distributed, which is not beneficial to gas-liquid transportation. The disclosure CNC104776742A discloses a method for manufacturing a composite wick, wherein the wick structure is in the form of a combination of a mesh and copper foam or copper powder, the copper foam or copper powder being sintered to at least one surface of the mesh layer. The patent has the disadvantages of complicated process and complex process, and the pore structure cannot be well controlled. The patent publication No. CN110385436A discloses a metal liquid absorbing core with a multi-aperture structure and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the fine structure formed by bonding gaps of powder manufactured by the liquid absorbing core can meet the requirement of improving the capillary performance, but the fine pores are randomly combined, and the pores are uncontrollable, so that the gas-liquid flow resistance in the liquid absorbing core is large, which is not favorable for the heat dissipation requirement of high heat flux density.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a composite porous wick. The manufacturing method of the composite porous liquid absorption core is simple in process, controllable in pore structure size and porosity, and capable of achieving controllable manufacturing of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface of the liquid absorption core, and has the advantages of being large in capillary force, small in gas-liquid flow resistance and the like.
The manufacturing method of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a three-dimensional skeleton structure model; the model is designed by three-dimensional software, the designed model is formed by a millimeter macroporous framework structure in a nested liquid absorption core, and the model is guided into a 3D printing system to control a printing process and is subjected to additive manufacturing after being sliced;
(2) guiding the designed three-dimensional skeleton structure model into a 3D printing system, taking metal powder as a raw material, printing by adopting a laser sintering process, and controlling laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and powder layer thickness to obtain a porous skeleton structure of the liquid absorption core containing micron pores;
(3) after printing is finished, introducing oxygen into the printer cavity, wherein the oxygen content is 2% -16%;
(4) carrying out surface laser printing on the porous skeleton of the liquid absorption core containing the micron pores, and adjusting the power of a 3D printing laser to be 5-100W, the scanning speed to be 5-200 mm/s, the laser pulse frequency to be 10-100 kHz, and the scanning interval to be 0.01-0.1 mm;
(5) and (5) repeating the step (4) for 2-10 times, manufacturing a micro-nano pore structure with an ordered surface of the liquid absorption core, and realizing the composite porous structure liquid absorption core manufactured by gradient pores and surface hydrophilic and hydrophobic in a controllable manner. Preferably, the particle size of the metal powder is 10-80 μm.
Preferably, the laser power is 140-2000W, the scanning speed is 2000-4000 mm/s, and the thickness of the printing powder spreading layer is 0.1-1 mm.
Preferably, in the laser sintering process, the laser sweeping rotation angle is 90 degrees, the scanning interval is 0.1 mm-1.2 mm, the powder is paved layer by layer, and unidirectional cross line scanning is carried out.
Preferably, the size of the micro-nano holes in the liquid absorption core is 0.5-200 mu m, and the porosity is controlled to be 5-90%.
Preferably, the total thickness of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core is 0.1-6 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the liquid absorption core composite gradient structure is designed by three-dimensional software, the porous liquid absorption core is directly printed and formed by a 3D printing technology, and the size and the porosity of the composite pore structure can be accurately controlled. The composite porous structure in various forms can be formed at one time without die development and additional processing, such as development and manufacturing of liquid absorption cores of loop heat pipes, temperature equalization plates, capillary pump loop heat pipes and the like. In addition, the composite gradient porous structure realizes the composition of micro-nano-scale pores and millimeter-scale pores, meets the requirement of the excellent capillary performance of the liquid absorption core, and can reduce the gas-liquid flow resistance.
(2) The composite porous structure liquid absorption core can regulate and control the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the liquid absorption core while forming the composite gradient pores at one time, so that the one-time forming performance of the gradient pores and interface regulation is realized, an additional surface post-treatment process is not needed, and the manufactured composite gradient porous liquid absorption core can realize the zonal regulation and control of enhanced heat transfer and condensation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional model of a composite porous structure wick according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a structure of a composite porous wick comprising a matrix of micropores in accordance with example 1 of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a microporous structure within the composite gradient porous wick skeleton of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the surface topography and wettability measurements of the composite porous wick of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is the internal microporous structure of the composite porous structure liquid absorption skeleton in the example 2 of the invention.
Figure 6 is a comparison of the thermal resistance of example 2 wicks comprising a matrix comprising porous wicks versus a solid matrix structure wick.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A manufacturing method of a composite porous structure liquid absorption core comprises the following specific steps:
a framework structure of the composite porous liquid absorption core is constructed by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, the wall thickness of the porous structure is designed to be 0.5mm, the pore structure is designed to be rectangular, and the length and width of the pore structure are 1 multiplied by 0.5 mm. Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional model of additive manufacturing of a composite porous wick.
The model is introduced into a 3D printing system for slicing treatment and then additive manufacturing is carried out, the metal powder material selected in the embodiment is AlSi10Mg, and the particle size range of the powder is 10-60 mu m.
The laser power for printing is 380W, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 0.04mm, and the laser sweeping interval is 0.1mm, so that the porous framework can have a good forming effect and has good mechanical strength.
And controlling the laser rotation angle of the 3D printer to be 90 degrees, wherein laser scanning paths are mutually crossed in the construction process, and the composite porous structure is formed by layer-by-layer line scanning.
And the 3D printing workbench substrate is connected with a heat pipe base plate to be manufactured by adopting silica gel or bolts, the laser scans the outline of the base plate, and the composite porous liquid absorption core structure is manufactured on the base plate after the scanning is finished. Fig. 2 and 3 show composite porous wick with a framework comprising micropores and a microporous structure inside the framework printed in this embodiment.
After the printing of the composite porous structure is completed, oxygen is introduced into the cavity of the 3D printing chamber, and the content of the oxygen in the cavity is kept at 8%.
And adjusting the 3D printing laser power to be 50W, the scanning speed to be 80mm/s, the laser pulse frequency to be 60kHz and the scanning interval to be 0.05mm, and performing surface printing post-treatment on the composite pore liquid absorption core.
Keeping the laser parameters unchanged, repeatedly scanning the surface of the porous liquid absorption core structure for 5 times, and ensuring that the surface of the liquid absorption core forms a uniform micro-nano pore structure so as to control the surface of the composite porous liquid absorption core to have a hydrophilic characteristic, wherein the hydrophilic surface can obviously enhance the heat transfer limit of the liquid absorption core product. Fig. 4 is a graph of topography and wettability measurements of the surface of a composite porous structure after surface printing, the surface of the structure exhibiting significant hydrophilicity.
After the printing of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core is finished, the bolt is unscrewed or the silica gel is heated to lose efficacy and take off the printed liquid absorption core without subsequent machining treatment such as linear cutting. Ultrasonic cleaning removes loose unmelted powder from the surface of the wick for subsequent use.
In the embodiment, the internal pore characteristics of the composite porous liquid absorption core skeleton are measured by a mercury porosimeter, the pore diameter is 80 mu m, and the porosity is 25%.
Example 2
A manufacturing method of a composite porous structure liquid absorption core comprises the following specific steps:
a composite porous skeleton structure is constructed by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, and the size of a large hole in the liquid absorption core model is 0.5mm multiplied by 1 mm.
The model is subjected to additive manufacturing after being sliced, and different from the embodiment 1, the metal powder material selected in the embodiment is 316L, and the particle size range of the powder is 20-60 μm.
Setting the laser power of printing to be 800W, the scanning speed to be 3600mm/s, the powder layer spreading thickness to be 0.03mm, the laser sweeping interval to be 0.12mm, controlling the laser rotation angle of the 3D printer to be 60 degrees, wherein the laser sweeping paths are mutually crossed in the constructed process, and scanning layer by layer to form a composite structure.
Adopt silica gel or bolted connection to wait to make the heat pipe bottom plate on the 3D print workbench base plate, the laser scanning bottom plate profile, begin to make compound porous wick structure on the bottom plate after the scanning is accomplished. Fig. 5 is a composite porous skeletal structure containing micropores, printed to a smaller size in example 2.
After the printing of the composite porous structure is completed, oxygen is introduced into the cavity of the 3D printing chamber, and the content of the oxygen in the cavity is kept at 12%.
And adjusting the 3D printing laser power to be 30W, the scanning speed to be 60mm/s, the laser pulse frequency to be 20kHz and the scanning interval to be 0.01mm, and carrying out surface post-treatment on the 3D printing composite porous liquid absorption core.
Keeping the laser parameters unchanged, and repeatedly scanning the surface of the porous liquid absorption core structure for 8 times to ensure that the surface of the liquid absorption core forms a uniform micro-nano pore structure.
After the printing of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core is finished, the bolt is unscrewed or the silica gel is heated to lose effectiveness and take off the printed liquid absorption core. The loose unmelted powder on the surface of the wick is ultrasonically cleaned for subsequent use.
In the embodiment, the internal pore diameter and porosity of the composite porous liquid absorption core skeleton are respectively 45 μm and 20% measured by a mercury porosimeter.
To further illustrate the advantages of the composite porous wick structure of the example in enhancing the heat transfer performance of a heat pipe, fig. 6 shows a comparison of the thermal transfer resistance of a millimeter/micron composite porous structure + hydrophilic surface for a loop wick made by the process of example 2. As can be seen from fig. 6, the composite porous wick with the surface hydrophilic-hydrophobic controlled skeleton containing micro-nano pores therein has a significantly reduced heat transfer resistance and a higher heat transfer load than the solid skeleton structure.
The composite porous liquid absorption core with millimeter scale and micro-nano scale can be manufactured and formed at one time without additional machining, the design of a large pore structure in the liquid absorption core is flexible, the form is various, the size of a micro-nano pore and the porosity structure can be subjected to additive controllable preparation through process design, additive manufacturing process routes are freely designed according to different pore structures, and the composite porous liquid absorption core is rapidly developed and manufactured. The controllable manufacture of the pore structure is realized by changing the process parameters, so that the capillary performance can be obviously improved, and simultaneously the gas-liquid flow resistance can be reduced.
The size of a micro-nano pore formed according to the existing additive manufacturing method is 0.5-200 mu m, the porosity is 5-90%, the pore diameter and the porosity can be realized by controlling a 3D printing process, the pore diameter and the porosity of the micro-nano pore structure are accurately controllable, and the defects of the existing composite liquid absorption core manufacturing are overcome.
The porous liquid absorption core manufactured by the invention can realize the controllable manufacturing of the surface wettability while constructing the composite gradient pore structure through the control of laser parameters. The hydrophilic surface raises the heat transfer limit of the wick, while the hydrophobic surface enhances condensation, comprehensively raising the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe or vapor chamber.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and other modifications are possible. All modifications directly or indirectly derivable by a person skilled in the art from the present disclosure are to be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of manufacturing a composite porous structure wick comprising the steps of:
(1) designing a three-dimensional skeleton structure model;
(2) guiding the designed three-dimensional skeleton structure model into a 3D printing system, taking metal powder as a raw material, printing by adopting a laser sintering process, and controlling laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and powder layer thickness to obtain a liquid absorption core skeleton structure containing micron pores;
(3) after printing is finished, introducing oxygen into the printer cavity, wherein the oxygen content is 2% -16%;
(4) adjusting parameters of a laser of a printer, and carrying out surface laser printing on the wick framework structure containing the micron pores after printing;
(5) and (5) repeating the step (4) for 2-10 times, and manufacturing a micro-nano pore structure formed on the surface of the liquid absorption core for controlling the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface of the composite porous liquid absorption core.
2. The method of manufacturing a composite porous structure wick according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder is 10 to 80 μm.
3. The method for manufacturing a composite porous structure wick according to claim 1, wherein the laser power is 140-2000W, the scanning speed is 2000-4000 mm/s, and the thickness of the printing powder coating layer is 0.1-1 mm.
4. The method of manufacturing a composite porous structural wick according to claim 1, wherein the laser sintering process is performed with a laser sweep rotation angle of 90 ° and a sweep pitch of 0.1mm to 1.2mm, the powders are layered and a unidirectional cross-line scan is performed.
5. The method for manufacturing the composite porous structure liquid absorption core according to claim 1, wherein the size of micro-nano pores in the liquid absorption core is 0.5-200 μm, and the porosity is controlled to be 5-90%.
6. The method of manufacturing a composite porous structure wick according to claim 1, wherein the composite porous structure wick has an overall thickness of 0.1 to 6 mm.
7. The method for manufacturing the composite porous structure liquid absorption core according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the power of a 3D printing laser is 5-100W, the scanning speed is 5-200 mm/s, the laser pulse frequency is 10-100 kHz, and the scanning interval is 0.01-0.1 mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024087575A1 (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-05-02 | 华中科技大学 | 3d-printing-assisted method for preparing multi-scale metal three-dimensional surface structure, and product |
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| US20220049906A1 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-17 | Nuscale Power, Llc | Heat pipes including composite wicking structures, and associated methods of manufacture |
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