CN114885877B - Split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure and in-situ operation and maintenance method thereof - Google Patents
Split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure and in-situ operation and maintenance method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885877B CN114885877B CN202210166618.XA CN202210166618A CN114885877B CN 114885877 B CN114885877 B CN 114885877B CN 202210166618 A CN202210166618 A CN 202210166618A CN 114885877 B CN114885877 B CN 114885877B
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure and an on-site operation and maintenance method thereof, wherein the split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure comprises a culture net cage framework, a replaceable culture net cage elevation unit, a replaceable culture net cage bottom surface unit and a temporary sealing unit; when a certain part of the culture net cage needs to be maintained or replaced, the maintenance and the replacement can be directly carried out in place without towing to a port or a wharf, so that the operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the net cage structure is not limited by the cultivation time, the installation and the disassembly of the elevation unit and the bottom surface unit can be realized when fish exist in the net cage, the replacement of the elevation unit and the bottom surface unit is further realized, the waiting for the cultivation idle stage is not needed, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a piece-type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure and an on-site operation and maintenance method thereof, which are suitable for marine fishery, in particular for mariculture industry with long and wide net cage structures of the marine pasture being more than 50 meters, and the height of the net cage structure being determined according to the water depth of an installation sea area and being more than 10 meters.
Background
Based on the current situation of the development of the marine fishery in China, the marine pasture is vigorously developed as a novel marine fishery development mode which can combine the advantages of ecology, resources, environment, culture and the like. Among the main categories of marine pastures, offshore deep-water marine pastures with the greatest technical difficulty have become the fastest growing core category in industry in recent years. The marine pasture net cage is used as a core structure of the deep water type marine pasture, and parameter indexes such as safety, durability, maintenance convenience and economy of the structure directly determine whether the marine pasture can generate expected economic added value. The large-scale marine pasture cultivation net cage has large main scale and high structural weight, and is complicated in construction procedures such as towing transportation, installation and positioning, and once the large-scale marine pasture cultivation net cage is installed in place, operation and maintenance can be performed only in an offshore service operation area. If the large-scale marine ranch cultivation net cage is towed back into the base by using the cultivation blank period, the maintenance cost is extremely high, and the realization of high added value and profit margin of the marine ranch is not facilitated. Once the netting is damaged in the offshore service operation area, the whole of the cultured products can escape, and the produced products are directly produced in the season, so that larger economic loss is generated. Therefore, it is needed to provide a marine pasture cultivation net cage structure convenient to maintain, which can reduce operation and maintenance costs and further improve economic benefits of the marine pasture while providing safe and reliable living space for cultivation products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the defect that the existing marine ranch cultivation net cage is not easy to operate and maintain, and provides a split type replaceable marine ranch cultivation net cage structure. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the split type replaceable marine pasture cultivation net cage structure is characterized by comprising a cultivation net cage framework, a replaceable cultivation net cage elevation unit and a replaceable cultivation net cage bottom surface unit, wherein each elevation of the cultivation net cage is respectively composed of a plurality of elevation units, and the bottom surface of the cultivation net cage is composed of a plurality of bottom surface units;
the outer side of the vertical face unit of the aquaculture net cage framework is provided with a vertical face unit installation connecting structure, and the vertical face unit is detachably connected with the vertical face unit installation connecting structure, so that the vertical face unit can be installed and detached from the outer side of the aquaculture net cage; the outer side of the vertical face unit corresponding to the culture net cage framework is provided with a temporary sealing unit installation connecting structure which is used for being detachably connected with the temporary sealing unit of the vertical face;
a bottom surface unit installation connection structure is arranged below the bottom surface unit of the aquaculture net cage framework, and the bottom surface unit is detachably connected with the bottom surface unit installation connection structure, so that the bottom surface unit can be installed and detached from the outer side of the aquaculture net cage; the outer side of the aquaculture net cage framework, which corresponds to the bottom surface unit, is provided with a temporary sealing unit installation connecting structure which is used for being detachably connected with the temporary sealing unit of the bottom surface;
the vertical face unit and the bottom face unit comprise frames and netting, the temporary sealing unit comprises a sealing structure of the frames and the non-leakage culture products, and the size of the temporary sealing unit is matched with that of the vertical face unit or the bottom face unit to be sealed.
The aquaculture net cage framework is a large steel structure, is a basic structure framework of the aquaculture net cage of the marine pasture, is a complete marine engineering structure when the replaceable aquaculture net cage elevation unit and the replaceable aquaculture net cage bottom surface unit are not installed, and can effectively resist storms.
On the basis of adopting the technical scheme, the invention can also adopt the following further technical schemes or use the further technical schemes in combination:
the frames of the vertical face unit, the bottom face unit and the temporary sealing unit can be formed by welding angle steel or steel plates, and the netting can be common polyester fiber, PET flexible netting or copper metal netting. The non-leakage culture (such as fish) plugging structure of the temporary sealing unit can be replaced by a netting or other type of soft or rigid sheet capable of ensuring the non-leakage fish culture to be flat. The netting is secured to a corresponding frame, which may be a rectangular frame.
The culture net cage framework comprises cantilever structures which are compared with each vertical face and each bottom face, and the cantilever structures are used for installing vertical face units, bottom face units and temporary sealing units; the vertical face unit and the bottom face unit are rectangular, the cantilever structure is respectively provided with 4 cantilever beams for each vertical face unit and each bottom face unit, and the cantilever beams are respectively used for detachably mounting four corners of the vertical face unit and the bottom face unit.
The side length of the vertical face unit in the height direction is just smaller than the distance between the upper cantilever beam and the lower cantilever beam, the vertical face unit is inserted between the upper cantilever beam and the lower cantilever beam from the side face, and the dimension of the vertical face unit in the width direction is matched with the distance between the left cantilever beam and the right cantilever beam; the frame of the elevation unit and the cantilever beam are connected at the upper part of the frame by a pin, and the lower part of the frame is limited by a limiting groove;
the side length dimension of the bottom surface unit in one direction is just smaller than the interval between two adjacent cantilever beams in the direction, and the bottom surface unit is inserted between the two adjacent cantilever beams in the direction from the side surface; the side length of the bottom surface unit in the direction perpendicular to the one direction is matched with the distance between two adjacent cantilever beams in the direction; the frame of the bottom surface unit is connected with the cantilever beam at the bottom of the frame by a pin, or one side of the frame is connected by a pin, and the lower part of the other side of the frame is limited by a limiting groove;
the pin holes of the corresponding vertical face unit and the bottom surface unit of the cantilever beam are arranged close to the inner side of the cantilever beam.
The temporary sealing unit of the net cage vertical face is detachably connected with 4 cantilever beams by adopting a size structure consistent with the vertical face unit, a frame of the temporary sealing unit of the net cage vertical face is connected with the cantilever beams by adopting pins at the upper part of the frame, and the lower part of the frame is limited by adopting a limiting groove; the temporary sealing unit on the bottom surface of the net cage is detachably connected with 4 cantilever beams by adopting a size structure consistent with the bottom surface unit, and the frame of the temporary sealing unit on the bottom surface of the net cage and the cantilever beams are connected by adopting pins at the bottom of the frame, or one side of the temporary sealing unit is connected by adopting pins, and the lower part of the other side of the opposite side of the temporary sealing unit is limited by adopting a limiting groove.
The vertical face of the aquaculture net cage is provided with an upper vertical face unit and a lower vertical face unit, each vertical face unit is provided with a plurality of vertical face units, the bottom face of the aquaculture net cage is provided with two rows of bottom face units, and each row of bottom face units is provided with a plurality of bottom face units.
When two units are arranged on each row of the vertical face or the bottom face, the units in the same row can be arranged into a straight line; when the number of the same row of vertical face units of the vertical face exceeds 3, adjacent vertical face units are staggered in the length direction of the cantilever beam to form staggered layer arrangement protruding towards the middle part layer by layer, and if the number of the same row of bottom face units of the bottom face exceeds 3, adjacent bottom face units are staggered in the length direction of the cantilever beam to form staggered layer arrangement protruding downwards towards the middle part layer by layer; the temporary sealing unit mounting connection structure on the cantilever beam is correspondingly arranged layer by layer.
The two layers of vertical face units are arranged in staggered layers in the length direction of the cantilever beam, and the two rows of bottom face units are arranged in staggered layers in the length direction of the cantilever beam.
The bottom surface unit and the elevation unit can be identical to realize the universality between the bottom surface unit and the elevation unit, the bottom surface unit and the elevation unit can further form standardized components, and the standardized components are commonly used for the net boxes of the various piece-type replaceable ocean pastures with the same standard, so that the investment of net box equipment can be further reduced, and finally the economic benefit of the ocean pastures is improved. The temporary sealing unit is preferably in the shape and area consistent with those of the vertical surface unit and the bottom surface unit, the net cage can be sealed on the outer side of the vertical surface unit or the bottom surface unit to be detached one by one, and the corresponding vertical surface unit and bottom surface unit can be replaced on line. The temporary sealing unit can be a vertical surface unit and a bottom surface unit, and the area of the temporary sealing unit is larger than that of the vertical surface unit and the bottom surface unit, so long as a corresponding temporary sealing unit mounting structure can be arranged on the net cage framework. Thus, when the elevation unit and the bottom unit are different in area, the temporary sealing unit may be commonly used.
The marine ranch farming net cage further comprises a mooring system.
The invention is provided with a small working plane on the central upright post of the net cage, a small diesel generator is arranged, or small photovoltaic power generation equipment or turbine fan equipment is also arranged, so as to provide power for lowering or lifting the elevation unit, the bottom unit, the temporary sealing unit, daily feeding and the like.
The split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure can complete all construction and assembly operations in a land construction base, and has shipping conditions. After the transportation to the service sea area is completed for offshore construction and installation, the structural components such as the skeleton of the culture net cage, the mooring system and the like are not easy to damage, and the operation and maintenance are not required to be carried out by returning to the land base. The vertical face of the aquaculture net cage and the net clothes on the bottom face of the aquaculture net cage are easy to damage and adhere to marine organisms, the detachable split-type unit is designed and built, and then the brand-new or maintained replaceable aquaculture net cage vertical face unit and the replaceable aquaculture net cage bottom face unit can be timely installed on the split-type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure, the replaceable aquaculture net cage vertical face unit and the replaceable aquaculture net cage bottom face unit to be maintained are replaced and disassembled, and then are transported back to Liu Shangji in a centralized mode for maintenance, and the split-type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure to be maintained can be used next after maintenance is completed.
The invention also aims to provide the on-site operation and maintenance method of the split replaceable marine pasture cultivation net cage structure, when a certain part of the cultivation net cage needs to be maintained or replaced, the maintenance and replacement can be directly carried out on site, and the maintenance and replacement do not need to be towed to a port or a wharf, so that the operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the net cage structure is not limited by the cultivation time, the installation and the disassembly of the elevation unit and the bottom unit can be realized when fish exist in the net cage, and the replacement of the elevation unit and the bottom unit is realized, so that the waiting for the cultivation idle stage is not needed, and the on-site operation and maintenance method comprises the following steps:
(1) The replaceable culture net cage elevation unit and/or the replaceable culture net cage bottom unit which are required to be replaced are transported to the vicinity of the culture net cage by the small-sized engineering ship, and the temporary sealing unit is transported along with the ship;
(2) The temporary sealing unit is detachably connected and installed on the outer side of the elevation unit or the bottom unit to be replaced, and at the moment, the aquaculture net cage has a double-layer elevation structure at the bottom part to be replaced;
(3) The detachable connection between the elevation unit or the bottom unit to be detached and the aquaculture net cage framework is detached; extracting and detaching the vertical face unit or the bottom face unit to be detached from the side face, and replacing the detached vertical face unit or the bottom face unit by a temporary sealing unit at the detaching position to realize the net cage sealing at the detaching position;
(4) Inserting a new or maintained elevation unit or a bottom unit into the installation position from the side, and detachably connecting and installing the new or maintained elevation unit or the bottom unit on the cultivation net cage framework;
(5) And removing the temporary sealing unit to finish the operation and maintenance of one vertical face unit or the bottom face unit.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1) The main body structure of the marine pasture cultivation net cage firstly completes all construction work in a land construction base, and long-time operation on the sea is not needed before the main body structure is firstly installed in place; 2) The operation and maintenance of the marine pasture cultivation net cage in the service period only need to install and remove the replaceable cultivation net cage elevation unit and the replaceable cultivation net cage bottom unit, and heavy ship machine equipment is not needed to tow the whole marine pasture cultivation net cage back to the land operation and maintenance base; 3) The temporary sealing unit matched with the elevation unit and the bottom surface area can be utilized to realize operation, maintenance, installation and disassembly of the elevation unit and the bottom surface unit of the replaceable culture net cage, the limitation of culture operation time is avoided, and the operation and maintenance of the net cage structure can be realized without waiting for a culture empty baffle period and without affecting culture products; 4) The structure of the split type replaceable marine pasture net cage can become standardized products with different main dimensions, the vertical face unit of the replaceable cultivation net cage and the bottom face unit of the replaceable cultivation net cage are standardized units of split type replaceable marine pasture net cages with different sizes, the universality of the split type replaceable marine pasture net cages with different sizes can be realized, and the investment cost is reduced; 5) According to the environment conditions of different service operation areas, the marine pasture cultivation net cage structures are produced in batches, so that the investment of single net cage structures is reduced, and the economic benefit of the marine pasture can be finally improved.
According to the above description, by modifying the invention to a certain extent, the technical ideas of the segmented replaceable marine pasture net cage structure, the replaceable net cage elevation unit, the replaceable cultivation net cage bottom surface unit, the temporary sealing unit and the like are applied to the fixed net cage structure or other floating net cage structures, and all belong to the protection scope of the method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of one side elevation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front view of a temporary sealing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an operation and maintenance flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional view of a cage framework of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front view of a cage framework according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of a specific embodiment of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the split-type replaceable marine ranch net cage structure of the invention comprises a culture net cage framework 1, a vertical surface unit 2, a bottom surface unit 3, a mooring system 4 and a working platform 5. As shown in fig. 4, the cultivation box with a net skeleton 1 and each vertical face of the present embodiment form a cube, and in practical engineering, the cube may be any size. As shown in the figure, the aquaculture net cage framework 1 is provided with a protruding cantilever structure which is used for installing the elevation unit 2, the bottom unit 3 and the temporary sealing unit 6 compared with the elevation and the bottom. The elevation unit 2 and the bottom unit 3 are rectangular, and the cantilever structure is respectively provided with 4 cantilever beams 101 for each elevation unit 2 and each bottom unit 3 and is respectively used for detachably mounting four corners of the elevation unit 2 and the bottom unit 3.
The facade unit 2 consists of a rectangular frame 21 and a netting 22, the netting 22 being fixed to the frame 21. The floor unit 3 is composed of a rectangular frame 31 and a netting 32, and the netting 32 is fixed to the frame 31. The temporary sealing unit 6 is composed of a rectangular frame 61 and a netting 62, and the netting 62 is fixed to the rectangular frame 61.
The side length dimension of the elevation unit 2 in the height direction is just smaller than the interval between the upper and lower cantilever beams 101, so that the elevation unit 2 can be mounted and dismounted from the side to avoid interference with the temporary sealing unit 6. The dimension of the facade unit 2 in the width direction is slightly larger, equal or slightly smaller than the distance between the two adjacent cantilever beams 101, as long as the frame of the facade unit 2 can be connected with the two adjacent cantilever beams. In a preferred mode of the detachable connection structure of the elevation unit 2, the upper part of the frame 21 and the cantilever beam 101 are connected by adopting the pin 7 at the upper part of the frame, and the limiting groove 71 is arranged on the cantilever beam corresponding to the lower part of the frame, so that when the elevation unit 2 is dismounted underwater, the elevation unit is directly inserted into the elevation unit from the side face under the guidance of the limiting groove 71, after the elevation unit is in place, the limiting groove 71 is directly positioned on the frame 21 in the front-rear direction, only the pin 7 is needed to be inserted from the upper part, the operation is convenient, and the dismounting action is less. The limiting piece 211 can be arranged on the frame 21, so that when the limiting piece 211 and the cantilever beam 101 meet, the pin hole on the frame 21 is aligned with the pin hole 72 on the cantilever beam 101, and underwater operation can be more convenient. The pin 7 comprises a protruding head and a pin shaft.
The bottom unit 3 can be installed and removed from the side by inserting the similar elevation unit 2, so that interference between the temporary sealing unit 6 and the bottom unit can be avoided during maintenance and disassembly. The side length dimension in one direction is just smaller than the spacing between two adjacent cantilever beams 101 in that direction to enable insertion mounting. The side length dimension of the floor unit 3 in the other direction perpendicular to the aforementioned direction matches the spacing between two adjacent cantilever beams 101 in that direction, and may be slightly larger, equal or slightly smaller, as long as the frame of the floor unit 3 is capable of connecting the two adjacent cantilever beams in that direction. Both sides of the frame of the floor unit 3 may be pinned to the cantilever beam 101. Another more preferable mode is that one side of the frame 31 and the cantilever beam 101 are connected by adopting the pin 7, and the limiting groove 71 is arranged on the cantilever beam corresponding to the opposite side of the side, so that when the cantilever beam is disassembled underwater, the bottom unit 3 is directly inserted from the side face under the guidance of the limiting groove 71, after the bottom unit is in place, the limiting groove 71 is directly positioned on the frame 31 in the up-down direction, only the pin 7 is needed to be inserted from the side face, the operation is convenient, and the disassembly and the assembly actions are few. The limiting piece can be arranged on the frame 31, so that when the limiting piece and the cantilever beam 101 meet, the pin hole on the frame 31 is aligned with the pin hole 72 on the cantilever beam 101, and underwater operation can be more convenient. The pins 7 of the floor unit 3 are arranged laterally.
The pin 7 may also be provided with a locking mechanism, such as a pin 7 to which a locking pin is attached.
The pin holes 71 of the corresponding facade units 2 and the bottom surface units 3 on the cantilever beam 101 are arranged close to the inner side (root) of the cantilever beam.
The temporary sealing unit 6 of the net cage elevation can be detachably connected with 4 cantilever beams by adopting the same size structure as the elevation unit 2, the frame 61 of the temporary sealing unit 6 of the net cage elevation and the cantilever beams are connected by adopting pins 8 at the upper part of the frame 61, the lower part of the temporary sealing unit 6 of the net cage elevation is limited by adopting limiting grooves 81, and the limiting grooves 81 are arranged on the cantilever beams corresponding to the lower part of the frame 61, so that the temporary sealing unit 6 of the net cage elevation is directly inserted into the frame 61 from the side face under the guidance of the limiting grooves 81 when the net cage elevation is dismounted underwater, and after the temporary sealing unit is in place, the limiting grooves 81 are directly positioned on the frame 61 in the front-rear direction, and only the pins 8 are needed to be inserted from the upper part, so that the operation is convenient, and the dismounting action is less. The limiting piece 611 can be arranged on the frame 61, so that when the limiting piece 611 and the cantilever beam 101 meet, the pin hole on the frame 61 is aligned with the pin hole 82 on the cantilever beam 101, and the underwater operation can be more convenient. The structure of pin 8 is identical to the structure of pin 7.
The temporary sealing unit on the bottom surface of the net cage is detachably connected with 4 cantilever beams by adopting a size structure consistent with the bottom surface unit 3, the frame 61 of the temporary sealing unit 6 on the bottom surface of the net cage and the cantilever beams are connected by adopting pins 8 on one side of the frame 61, the other side of the opposite side is limited by adopting limiting grooves 81, and the other side corresponding to the frame 61 is provided with the limiting grooves 81 on the cantilever beams, so that when the net cage is dismounted underwater, the temporary sealing unit 6 on the bottom surface of the net cage is directly inserted from the side under the guide of the limiting grooves 81, after the temporary sealing unit is in place, the limiting grooves 81 are directly positioned on the frame 61 in the up-down direction, and only the pins 8 are needed to be inserted from the side, so that the operation is convenient, and the dismounting action is less. The limiting piece 611 can be arranged on the frame 61, so that when the limiting piece 611 and the cantilever beam 101 meet, the pin hole on the frame 61 is aligned with the pin hole 82 on the cantilever beam 101, and the underwater operation can be more convenient.
The frame and the cantilever beam can be provided with connecting lugs or connecting blocks for arranging pin holes, and the pin holes can be formed in the body of the frame and the cantilever beam.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the cage with the same dimensions for each of the facades and the bottom surface, with 2 rows of two facade or bottom elements each. In this case, the same row of the elevation and bottom surface units may be aligned in a straight line. The elevation units 2 are generally arranged in a plurality of rows in the height direction, and the bottom units 3 are also arranged in a plurality of rows, depending on the size of the cage. For example, on the facade, two rows of facade units are arranged, if the number of facade units in the same row exceeds 3, adjacent facade units are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the cantilever beam 101 to form a staggered manner protruding towards the middle part layer by layer, and for the bottom surface unit 3, if the number of bottom surface units in the same row exceeds 3, adjacent bottom surface units are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the cantilever beam 101 (i.e. staggered manner from top to bottom) to form a staggered manner protruding downwards towards the middle part layer by layer.
In addition, the two layers of vertical face units 2 are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the cantilever beam, and the two rows of bottom face units 3 are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the cantilever beam.
Accordingly, the mounting positions (pin holes 81) of the temporary sealing unit 6 on the cantilever beam 101 are also provided layer by layer. The attachment position (pin hole 81) of the temporary sealing unit 6 to the cantilever beam 101 is as close as possible to the pin hole 71 without interfering with the work, so that the gap between the temporary sealing unit 6 and the adjacent vertical surface unit 2 and bottom surface unit 3 is reduced, and a temporary netting may be fixed to the gap if necessary.
In the invention, the vertical face unit 2, the bottom surface unit 3 and the temporary sealing unit 6 are detachably fixed by utilizing the combination of the pin and the limiting groove, so that the quick installation, the quick locking and the quick dismounting are realized, and the working strength of divers is reduced. Meanwhile, side disassembly and assembly of the vertical face unit, the bottom face unit and the temporary sealing unit and staggered layer disassembly and assembly can be realized.
The mooring system 4 provides restoring moment for the whole split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure, and keeps stability in service.
As shown in fig. 6. In operation and maintenance, if the facade unit needs to be replaced, a new facade unit 23 and temporary closure unit 6 are first transported by the small engineering vessel to the vicinity of the net cage. The temporary sealing unit 23 is inserted and installed to the outer side of the elevation unit 2 to be replaced from the side along the limit groove 81, and is locked by the bolt 8. Then the bolt 7 of the facade unit 2 to be replaced is detached, and the facade unit 2 is pulled out from the side to be detached. Subsequently, a new facade unit 2 is inserted from the side along the limit groove 71, and the plug pins 7 are installed, and the new facade unit is installed. Finally, the plug pins 8 are removed, and the temporary sealing unit 23 is drawn out from the side. Since the partial plug positions are coincident in side view, they are not all depicted in the schematic view of fig. 6, which is merely illustrative in fig. 6. Because the vertical face unit 2 and the temporary sealing unit 6 are closer in position distance, the gap between the vertical face unit and the temporary sealing unit is smaller, and therefore the culture cannot escape in the maintenance process. The process of replacing the bottom surface of the net cage is similar to that of the net cage, and will not be described again.
The concrete design and construction method of the invention is as follows: firstly, designing a main scale of a split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure according to natural environment conditions and marine geological conditions of a marine field of a marine pasture cultivation net cage service engineering field. And further determines the size and number of the replaceable cultivation net cage facade units 2, the size and number of the replaceable cultivation net cage bottom surface units 3. And then the skeleton of the net cage structure of the marine pasture can be replaced in a piece-wise manner, and each unit is subjected to blanking, welding and pairing manufacturing in a land construction base. And thirdly, the replaceable culture net cage elevation unit 2 and the replaceable culture net cage bottom unit 3 are always arranged in the culture net cage framework 1 to finish large closure, and construction work before shipping is finished. When the marine structure is installed in offshore construction, the split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure can be transported to a service sea area from a land construction base by selecting a wet towing or dry towing transportation mode according to the condition of ship-to-ship equipment. And then positioning the split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure to a specific point, and installing a mooring system. The split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure can be used for throwing young seedlings of the cultivated products to start marine pasture feeding operation after offshore construction and installation are completed.
The structure of the invention is mainly applied to marine fishery, in particular to mariculture industry with long offshore distance, but is not limited to the marine fishery. Other technologies related to the engineering structure can be improved by using the technical scheme of the invention, the vertical face and the bottom face of the structure are fragmented, the size and the weight of a single module are reduced, the engineering ship can be conveniently installed and disassembled, the engineering ship returns to the land to run and maintain the engineering structure in high quality, the structural operation time is not occupied, the escape of products in the structure is prevented, the production cost of the structure is reduced by standardized mass production, and the economic benefit is improved. Whatever type of ocean pasture cultivation net cage foundation structure, as long as the structure accords with the design principle that the vertical face and the bottom face of a structural object are arranged in a slicing mode, the structural size and the weight of a single vertical face and the bottom face are reduced, the engineering ship can be conveniently installed and dismantled on the offshore service site, high-quality operation and maintenance are carried out on the land, the operation and maintenance time of the structure are not influenced, the escape of products in the structure can be prevented while the operation and maintenance are carried out, the production cost of the structure is reduced through standardized and batch production, and the economic benefit of the structure is improved, the design principle of the invention falls within the protection scope.
The present invention is not limited in scope by the detailed description, and various changes made to the patent of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is intended to claim the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The split type replaceable marine pasture cultivation net cage structure is characterized by comprising a cultivation net cage framework, a replaceable cultivation net cage elevation unit and a replaceable cultivation net cage bottom surface unit, wherein each elevation of the cultivation net cage is respectively composed of a plurality of elevation units, and the bottom surface of the cultivation net cage is composed of a plurality of bottom surface units;
the outer side of the vertical face unit of the aquaculture net cage framework is provided with a vertical face unit installation connecting structure, and the vertical face unit is detachably connected with the vertical face unit installation connecting structure, so that the vertical face unit can be installed and detached from the outer side of the aquaculture net cage; the outer side of the vertical face unit corresponding to the culture net cage framework is provided with a temporary sealing unit installation connecting structure which is used for being detachably connected with the temporary sealing unit of the vertical face;
a bottom surface unit installation connection structure is arranged below the bottom surface unit of the aquaculture net cage framework, and the bottom surface unit is detachably connected with the bottom surface unit installation connection structure, so that the bottom surface unit can be installed and detached from the outer side of the aquaculture net cage; the outer side of the aquaculture net cage framework, which corresponds to the bottom surface unit, is provided with a temporary sealing unit installation connecting structure which is used for being detachably connected with the temporary sealing unit of the bottom surface;
the temporary sealing unit comprises a frame and a plugging structure of the non-leakage culture product, and the size of the temporary sealing unit is matched with the size of the facade unit or the bottom unit to be sealed;
the culture net cage framework comprises cantilever structures which are compared with each vertical face and each bottom face, and the cantilever structures are used for installing vertical face units, bottom face units and temporary sealing units; the vertical face unit and the bottom face unit are rectangular, the cantilever structure is respectively provided with 4 cantilever beams for each vertical face unit and each bottom face unit, and the cantilever beams are respectively used for detachably mounting four corners of the vertical face unit and the bottom face unit;
the vertical face of the aquaculture net cage is provided with an upper vertical face unit and a lower vertical face unit, each vertical face unit is provided with a plurality of vertical face units, the bottom face of the aquaculture net cage is provided with two rows of bottom face units, and each row of bottom face units is provided with a plurality of bottom face units.
2. The invention discloses a split type replaceable marine pasture cultivation net cage structure, which is characterized in that the side length dimension of a vertical face unit in the height direction is just smaller than the distance between an upper cantilever beam and a lower cantilever beam, the vertical face unit is inserted between the upper cantilever beam and the lower cantilever beam from the side face, and the dimension of the vertical face unit in the width direction is matched with the distance between the left cantilever beam and the right cantilever beam; the frame of the elevation unit and the cantilever beam are connected at the upper part of the frame by a pin, and the lower part of the frame is limited by a limiting groove;
the side length dimension of the bottom surface unit in one direction is just smaller than the interval between two adjacent cantilever beams in the direction, and the bottom surface unit is inserted between the two adjacent cantilever beams in the direction from the side surface; the side length of the bottom surface unit in the direction perpendicular to the one direction is matched with the distance between two adjacent cantilever beams in the direction; the frame of the bottom surface unit is connected with the cantilever beam at the bottom of the frame by a pin, or one side of the frame is connected by a pin, and the lower part of the other side of the frame is limited by a limiting groove;
the pin holes of the corresponding vertical face unit and the bottom surface unit of the cantilever beam are arranged close to the inner side of the cantilever beam.
3. The invention discloses a split type replaceable marine pasture cultivation net cage structure, which is characterized in that a temporary sealing unit of a net cage elevation is detachably connected with 4 cantilever beams by adopting a size structure consistent with the elevation unit, a frame of the temporary sealing unit of the net cage elevation is connected with the cantilever beams by pins at the upper part of the frame, and the lower part of the frame is limited by a limiting groove; the temporary sealing unit on the bottom surface of the net cage is detachably connected with 4 cantilever beams by adopting a size structure consistent with the bottom surface unit, and the frame of the temporary sealing unit on the bottom surface of the net cage and the cantilever beams are connected by adopting pins at the bottom of the frame, or one side of the temporary sealing unit is connected by adopting pins, and the lower part of the other side of the opposite side of the temporary sealing unit is limited by adopting a limiting groove.
4. The structure of a split type replaceable marine ranch cultivation net cage according to claim 1, wherein when two units are arranged on each row on a vertical surface or a bottom surface, the units in the same row can be arranged in a straight line; when the number of the same row of vertical face units of the vertical face exceeds 3, adjacent vertical face units are staggered in the length direction of the cantilever beam to form staggered layer arrangement protruding towards the middle part layer by layer, and if the number of the same row of bottom face units of the bottom face exceeds 3, adjacent bottom face units are staggered in the length direction of the cantilever beam to form staggered layer arrangement protruding downwards towards the middle part layer by layer; the temporary sealing unit mounting connection structure on the cantilever beam is correspondingly arranged layer by layer.
5. The modular replaceable marine ranch aquaculture net cage structure according to claim 1, wherein the two levels of facade units are staggered in the length direction of the cantilever beams, and the two rows of bottom surface units are staggered in the length direction of the cantilever beams.
6. The on-site operation and maintenance method of the split type replaceable marine ranch cultivation net cage structure is characterized in that when a certain part of the cultivation net cage needs to be maintained or replaced, the maintenance and the replacement can be directly carried out on site without towing to a port or a wharf, and the operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the net cage structure is not limited by the cultivation time, the installation and the disassembly of the elevation unit and the bottom surface unit can be realized when fish exist in the net cage, and then the replacement of the elevation unit and the bottom surface unit is realized, the waiting for the cultivation idle stage is not needed, and the on-site operation and maintenance method comprises the following steps:
(1) The replaceable culture net cage elevation unit and/or the replaceable culture net cage bottom unit which are required to be replaced are transported to the vicinity of the culture net cage by the small-sized engineering ship, and the temporary sealing unit is transported along with the ship;
(2) The temporary sealing unit is detachably connected and installed on the outer side of the elevation unit or the bottom surface unit to be replaced, and at the moment, the aquaculture net cage has a double-layer elevation structure at the position to be replaced;
(3) The detachable connection between the elevation unit or the bottom unit to be detached and the aquaculture net cage framework is detached; extracting and detaching the vertical face unit or the bottom face unit to be detached from the side face, and replacing the detached vertical face unit or the bottom face unit by a temporary sealing unit at the detaching position to realize the net cage sealing at the detaching position;
(4) Inserting a new or maintained elevation unit or a bottom unit into the installation position from the side, and detachably connecting and installing the new or maintained elevation unit or the bottom unit on the cultivation net cage framework;
(5) And removing the temporary sealing unit to finish the operation and maintenance of one vertical face unit or the bottom face unit.
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| CN202210166618.XA CN114885877B (en) | 2022-02-23 | 2022-02-23 | Split type replaceable marine pasture net cage structure and in-situ operation and maintenance method thereof |
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