CN114883693A - Battery heating method, battery system and energy storage system - Google Patents
Battery heating method, battery system and energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114883693A CN114883693A CN202210429720.4A CN202210429720A CN114883693A CN 114883693 A CN114883693 A CN 114883693A CN 202210429720 A CN202210429720 A CN 202210429720A CN 114883693 A CN114883693 A CN 114883693A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a battery heating method, a battery system and an energy storage system. The battery heating method includes: when the temperature of the battery is lower than a first temperature, acquiring an optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery; assigning the optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency being equal to the optimal pulse heating frequency; and controlling the battery to alternately charge and discharge so as to perform pulse heating on the battery, wherein the battery is charged at the first frequency during charging, and the battery is discharged at the second frequency during discharging. In the embodiment that this application provided, utilize optimum pulse heating frequency to carry out alternate charge-discharge to the battery, can make the battery heat production faster, can improve the heating efficiency of battery.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the electrical field, and in particular, to a battery heating method, a battery system and an energy storage system.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of less pollution, long service life, high energy density, good power performance and the like, but the lithium ion battery has poor performance at low temperature. At low temperature, the dynamic conditions of the anode and the cathode of the battery become poor, the viscosity of the electrolyte can rise, and the conductivity of the battery can also drop, so that the lithium ion battery is difficult to discharge at low temperature. When the battery is charged at a low temperature, lithium precipitation may occur at the negative electrode of the battery, which may not only cause rapid degradation of the available capacity and output power of the battery, but also cause a short circuit inside the battery.
In order to enable the battery to be capable of normally discharging in a low-temperature environment, the prior art discloses that the problem that the battery is difficult to discharge in the low-temperature environment can be solved by controlling the battery to be charged and discharged so as to heat the battery, but the heating efficiency is low, so that the time for starting the battery to normally discharge the battery is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a battery heating method, a battery system and an energy storage system, which can improve the heating efficiency of a battery.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery heating method comprising: when the temperature of the battery is lower than a first temperature, acquiring an optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery; assigning the optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency being equal to the optimal pulse heating frequency; and controlling the battery to alternately charge and discharge so as to perform pulse heating on the battery, wherein the battery is charged at the first frequency during charging, and the battery is discharged at the second frequency during discharging.
The optimal pulse heating frequency is obtained by calculation according to the impedance characteristic of the battery, after the internal resistance of the battery is obtained, a Nyquist diagram of the impedance characteristic in the battery can be determined, the optimal frequency of the battery in a charging and discharging frequency band can be determined according to the Nyquist diagram, the impedance of the battery is enabled to be maximum, the battery is alternately charged and discharged by the optimal pulse heating frequency under the condition that the current pulse intensity is not changed, the heat generation of the battery can be enabled to be fast, the heating efficiency of the battery can be improved, when the battery is alternately charged and discharged by the optimal pulse heating frequency, the optimal pulse heating frequency is distributed to be the first frequency and the second frequency, the battery is charged by the first frequency, and the battery is discharged by the second frequency.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, before the obtaining of the optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery, the battery heating method further includes: acquiring the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within a preset temperature range, wherein the operation of the battery within the preset temperature range comprises the charging of the battery within the preset temperature range and the discharging of the battery within the preset temperature range; the first temperature is less than or equal to the minimum temperature in the preset temperature range; determining an impedance characteristic of the battery based on an internal resistance of the battery; and calculating the optimal pulse heating frequency based on the impedance characteristic of the battery. By acquiring the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within the preset temperature range at the last time, the acquired internal resistance of the battery is closer to the true value, and the optimal pulse heating frequency obtained by calculation is more accurate.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the obtaining internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within a preset temperature range includes: collecting a voltage value set and a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within the preset temperature range; and calculating the internal resistance of the battery based on the voltage value set and the current value set. In order to more accurately acquire the internal resistance of the battery, a voltage value set and a current value set in a preset time when the battery operates in the preset temperature range are acquired. Based on the voltage value set and the current value set, the internal resistance of the battery is accurately obtained through the identification algorithm, and the problem that when the internal resistance of the battery is obtained, large errors are generated due to the fact that too little data are acquired for acquiring the voltage value and the current value is avoided.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, before the obtaining of the optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery, the battery heating method further includes: collecting a voltage value set and a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within a preset temperature range; sending the voltage value set and the current value set to a cloud battery management unit, calculating by the cloud battery management unit according to the voltage value set and the current value set to obtain internal resistance of the battery, determining impedance characteristics of the battery based on the internal resistance of the battery, and calculating to obtain optimal pulse heating frequency based on the impedance characteristics of the battery; and receiving and storing the optimal pulse heating frequency sent by the cloud battery management unit. In order to more accurately acquire the internal resistance of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery is accurately acquired through an identification algorithm by acquiring a voltage value set and a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within the preset temperature range and based on the voltage value set and the current value set, so that the problem that when the internal resistance of the battery is acquired, the data for acquiring the voltage value and the current value is too little to generate a large error is avoided. The internal resistance of the battery is acquired through the cloud battery management unit, and the internal resistance state of the battery can be remotely acquired.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the battery heating method further includes: when the battery is heated to a temperature higher than a second temperature, a first current value of the battery during charging is adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the battery, and a second current value of the battery during discharging is adjusted. Wherein the second temperature is greater than the first temperature. The first current value and the second current value are adjusted to avoid the problem that the service performance and the service life of the battery are damaged due to the fact that the battery is heated too fast when the battery is charged and discharged alternately.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the adjusting a first current value of the battery during charging and adjusting a second current value of the battery during discharging according to a real-time temperature of the battery includes: determining a temperature interval of the real-time temperature of the battery; and regulating and controlling a first current value of the battery during charging and a second current value of the battery during discharging according to the temperature interval of the real-time temperature of the battery. The first current value and the second current value are enabled to be alternately charged and discharged by regulating and controlling the battery according to the temperature interval, so that the heating rhythm of the battery can be better controlled, and the influence on the service performance and the service life of the battery due to the excessive rise of the temperature of the battery is avoided.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: and when the battery is heated to a third temperature or higher, controlling the battery to stop alternately charging and discharging, wherein the third temperature is higher than the second temperature. The battery is protected by controlling the battery to stop alternately charging and discharging according to the temperature change of the battery, and when the temperature of the battery is high enough (the temperature reaches a third temperature), the controller continues to control the battery to alternately charge and discharge, so that the real-time temperature of the battery continuously rises.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery system comprising: a local battery management unit, a controller and a battery; when the temperature of the battery is lower than a first temperature, the local battery management unit is used for allocating an optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, and the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency is equal to the optimal pulse heating frequency; the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated based on impedance characteristics of the battery. The controller is used for controlling the battery to alternately charge and discharge so as to heat the battery in a pulse mode, the battery is charged at the first frequency when being charged, and the battery is discharged at the second frequency when being discharged.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the battery system further includes a first switch and a second switch; the controller is used for controlling the first switch to be alternately switched on and switched off at a first frequency, so that the battery and the power supply source are alternately connected and disconnected at the first frequency, and the battery is controlled to be charged at the first frequency; the controller is further configured to control the second switch to be alternately turned on and off at a second frequency, so that the battery and the load are alternately connected and disconnected at the second frequency, and the battery is controlled to discharge at the second frequency.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated based on an internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates in a preset temperature range before; the battery operating in the preset temperature range comprises charging the battery in the preset temperature range and discharging the battery in the preset temperature range, and the first temperature is less than or equal to the minimum temperature in the preset temperature range.
With reference to the second aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the battery system further includes a first sensor and a second sensor; the first sensor is used for collecting a voltage value set within a preset time when the battery operates within a preset temperature range; the second sensor is used for collecting a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within a preset temperature range; the local battery management unit is used for sending the received voltage value set and current value set to a cloud battery management unit and receiving the optimal pulse heating frequency transmitted by the cloud battery management unit; the cloud battery management unit calculates to obtain the internal resistance of the battery based on the voltage value set and the current value set, and obtains the optimal pulse heating frequency based on the internal resistance of the battery.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, when the battery is heated to a temperature higher than the second temperature, the local battery management unit is configured to adjust a first current value of the battery during charging and adjust a second current value of the battery during discharging according to a real-time temperature of the battery.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the local battery management unit is configured to determine a temperature interval where a real-time temperature of the battery is located; the local battery management unit is further used for determining a first current value during charging and a second current value during discharging of the battery when the battery is alternately charged and discharged according to a temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the battery is located.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, when the battery is heated to a temperature higher than a third temperature, the local battery management unit is configured to control the battery to stop alternately charging and discharging, where the third temperature is higher than the second temperature.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage system, where the energy storage system includes an inverter and the battery system as described above, an output end of the inverter is connected to the battery system, and an input end of the inverter is connected to a load.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an architecture diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a battery heating method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a Nyquist plot of battery impedance characteristics;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery system provided in the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of calculating an optimal pulse heating frequency and storing the optimal pulse heating frequency in a local battery management unit;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a battery at low-temperature start according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
The terms "including" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the drawings described above, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
When the battery is charged at a low temperature, lithium precipitation may occur at the negative electrode of the battery, which may not only cause rapid degradation of the available capacity and output power of the battery, but also cause a short circuit inside the battery.
At present, the battery is heated by controlling the charging and discharging of the battery, and the heating efficiency is low, which results in that the time for starting the battery to normally discharge the battery is long.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is an architecture diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application, where the power supply system includes a battery system 100, a power supply 200, and a load 300, and functions of the above-mentioned apparatuses are described below.
And the power supply 200 may be a commercial power, and the power supply 200 is used for supplying electric energy to the battery system 100, wherein the commercial power is a power frequency alternating current.
The load 300 may be an electrical consumer, and the load 300 may be an engine, a base station, or the like.
The battery system 100 may receive and store the electric energy provided by the power supply 200, the battery system 100 may generate heat by using the electric energy provided by the power supply 200, and the battery system 100 may further supply power to the load 300 by using the stored electric energy.
The embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage system, which may include an inverter 400 and a battery system 100.
The inverter 400 may be used to convert direct current into alternating current, and the inverter 400 may convert direct current in the battery system 100 into alternating current, and transmit the alternating current to the alternating current motor, for example.
The energy storage system can be applied to the power supply system, and specifically, the power supply 200 can be used for charging the energy storage system, and the electric energy in the energy storage system can be transmitted to the load 300 through the inverter 400 to provide the load 300 with the electric energy.
In the embodiment provided by the application, the energy storage system can supply power to the electric vehicle, the energy storage system can also supply power to the base station, and the energy storage system can supply power to various power consumption devices, which is not repeated one by one in the embodiment of the application.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the battery system 100 may include a local battery management unit 130, a controller 110, a battery 120, a first sensor 150, a second sensor 160, a temperature sensor 170, a first switch 180, and a second switch 190. The respective units in the battery system 100 will be described below.
A battery 120 for storing electrical energy, wherein the battery 120 is also capable of discharging electricity, wherein the battery 120 is capable of providing the stored electrical energy to the load 300, and the battery may comprise molybdenum, titanium, etc. and when the battery 120 is in the process of alternating charging and discharging, a pulse current flows through the molybdenum, titanium, etc. materials, which may generate joule heat.
The first sensor 150, which may be a voltage sensor, may be used to collect a set of voltage values for the battery 120 during operation.
The second sensor 160, which may be a current sensor, may be used to collect a set of current values for the battery 120 during operation.
And a temperature sensor 170 for collecting the temperature of the battery 120.
The local battery management unit 130 may be configured to monitor battery voltage, battery current, battery cluster insulation state, battery SOC, battery module, and cell state (voltage, current, temperature, SOC, etc.), perform safety management on the battery cluster charging and discharging processes, perform alarm and emergency protection processing on a possible fault, perform safety and optimization control on the operation of the battery 120, and ensure safe, reliable, and stable operation of the battery 120. The local battery management unit 130 may receive a set of voltage values collected by the first sensor 150 and may also receive a set of current values collected by the second sensor 160. In some embodiments, the local battery management unit 130 may calculate an optimal pulse heating frequency according to the received voltage value set and the current value set, and control the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge by using the optimal pulse heating frequency, so that the heating efficiency of the battery 120 may be higher.
The battery system 100 may be connected to the cloud battery management unit 140 in a communication manner, the cloud battery management unit 140 may calculate the internal resistance of the battery 120 according to a voltage value set and a current value set of the battery 120 during normal operation (charging or discharging within a preset temperature range), and the cloud battery management unit 140 may further calculate an optimal pulse heating frequency for heating by alternately charging and discharging the battery 120 according to the impedance characteristic of the battery. It should be noted that, the cloud battery management unit 140 may obtain a voltage value set and a current value set of the battery 120 in normal operation (charging or discharging within a preset temperature range) from the local battery management unit 130, and when calculating an optimal pulse heating frequency of the battery 120, the cloud battery management unit 140 calculates the optimal pulse heating frequency according to a nyquist diagram of battery impedance, where the operation of the battery 120 includes that the battery 120 receives charging and the battery 120 discharges.
The first switch 180 is used to control the electrical connection between the battery 120 and the power supply 200, so as to connect or disconnect the battery 120 and the power supply 200. When the first switch 180 is closed, the battery 120 is connected to the power supply 200, and the power supply 200 supplies power to the battery 120 to charge the battery 120. When the first switch 180 is turned off, the battery 120 is electrically disconnected from the power supply source 200.
And a second switch 190 for controlling an electrical connection between the battery 120 and the load 300 to turn on or off the battery 120 and the load 300. When the second switch 190 is closed, the battery 120 is connected to the load 300, and the battery 120 supplies power to the load 300. When the second switch 190 is turned off, the battery 120 is electrically disconnected from the load 300.
The controller 110 is configured to control the battery system 100 to perform alternate charging and discharging, and specifically, the controller 110 may control the first switch 180 to be turned on and off, and the controller 110 may also control the second switch 190 to be turned on and off.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a battery heating method provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the method may be implemented based on the battery system 100, and the method protects but is not limited to the following steps:
s101, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a first temperature, the local battery management unit obtains the optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery.
In the embodiment provided herein, the temperature of the battery 120 may be detected by the temperature sensor 170 when the battery 120 is activated to charge or discharge the battery 120. If the temperature of the battery 120 is lower than the first temperature, the local battery management unit 130 obtains a pre-stored optimal pulse heating frequency, which is calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery 120.
The first temperature may be a preset temperature, and when the temperature of the battery 120 is lower than the first temperature, the battery 120 may not be charged and discharged normally.
Generally, the temperature at which the battery 120 can be normally charged and discharged is 3 to 5 ℃, the first temperature may be set to 0 ℃ or 3 ℃, and the value of the first temperature setting is not particularly limited in this application.
In the embodiments provided herein, the optimal pulse heating frequency is the frequency of alternately charging and discharging the battery 120. The impedance characteristic of the battery 120 is associated with the frequency of alternately charging and discharging the battery 120. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a nyquist diagram of impedance characteristics of the battery 120, in the nyquist diagram, an x-axis is a real component of an internal resistance of the battery 120, a y-axis is an imaginary component of the internal resistance of the battery 120, a plurality of frequency bands are provided in an x-axis direction of the nyquist diagram, which are an ohmic effect frequency band, a conditional effect frequency band, a charge transfer effect frequency band, and a diffusion effect frequency band, respectively, and in the charge transfer effect frequency band (where the battery 120 is charged and discharged), an optimal frequency exists, which can maximize the real component impedance of the battery 120.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the battery 120 is alternately charged and discharged through the optimal pulse heating frequency, the calculation formula of the heat generation power P is as follows:
P＝R*I 2
under the condition that the current pulse intensity is not changed, the battery 120 is alternately charged and discharged by utilizing the optimal pulse heating frequency, so that the heat generation power P of the battery 120 can be maximized.
S102, the local battery management unit allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, and the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency is equal to the optimal pulse heating frequency.
In the embodiment provided herein, the first frequency is assigned for charging the battery 120, and the second frequency is assigned for discharging the battery 120.
In the embodiment of the present application, if the optimal pulse heating frequency is f, the first frequency is f1, and the second frequency is f2, then f is f1+ f 2.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, when the battery 120 is alternately charged and discharged, the battery 120 may be charged at a first frequency, and then the battery 120 may be discharged at a second frequency. It is also possible to discharge the battery 120 at the second frequency and then charge the battery 120 at the first frequency.
For example, when the amount of electricity stored in the battery 120 is too low to support the battery 120 to discharge at the second frequency first, the battery 120 may be charged at the first frequency first, and then the battery 120 may be discharged at the second frequency, so that the battery 120 can be charged and discharged alternately at the first frequency and the second frequency.
When the battery 120 is in a full-charge state, the battery 120 may be discharged at the second frequency first, and then the battery 120 may be discharged at the first frequency, so that the battery 120 can be charged and discharged alternately at the first frequency and the second frequency.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, the first frequency and the second frequency may be equal or different.
S103, the controller controls the battery to alternately charge and discharge so as to heat the battery in a pulse mode, the battery is charged at the first frequency when being charged, and the battery is discharged at the second frequency when being discharged.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, the controller 110 is communicatively connected to the local battery management unit 130, and after the local battery management unit 130 allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to the first frequency and the second frequency, the controller 110 may acquire the first frequency and the second frequency from the local battery management unit 130.
Correspondingly, after the local battery management unit 130 allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to the first frequency and the second frequency, the local battery management unit 130 may transmit the first frequency and the second frequency to the controller 110.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, when the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge, the controller 110 controls the first switch 180 to repeatedly close and open at the first frequency, so that the power supply 200 charges the battery 120 at the first frequency.
The controller 110 controls the second switch 190 to be repeatedly closed and opened at a second frequency, so that the battery 120 discharges the load 300 at the second frequency.
When the controller 110 controls the first switch 180 to be closed, the controller 110 controls the second switch 190 to be opened, and when the controller 110 controls the first switch 180 to be opened, the controller 110 controls the second switch 190 to be closed.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, the local battery management unit 130 obtains the optimal pulse heating frequency calculated according to the impedance characteristics of the battery 120, allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to the first frequency and the second frequency, and controls the battery 120 to perform alternate charging and discharging at the first frequency and the second frequency through the controller 110, so as to improve the heating efficiency of the battery 120 while heating the battery 120. When the battery 120 is charged, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to be charged at a first frequency. When the battery 120 is discharged, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to discharge at the second frequency.
In a first possible implementation manner, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery system 100 provided in the present application, when an optimal pulse heating frequency needs to be calculated, a local battery management unit 130 obtains an internal resistance of a battery 120 that operates in a preset temperature range before, the local battery management unit 130 determines a nyquist diagram of an impedance characteristic of the battery 120 based on the internal resistance of the battery 120, it can be determined from the nyquist diagram that an optimal pulse heating frequency exists in a charge transfer effect frequency band (where the battery 120 is charged and discharged), when the battery 120 is alternately charged and discharged by the optimal pulse heating frequency, the impedance of the battery 120 can be maximized, and when the current pulse intensity is not changed, the battery 120 can be made faster, and the heating efficiency of the battery 120 can be improved.
It should be noted that, if the time when the cloud battery management unit 140 calculates the optimal pulse heating frequency is referred to as a first time, the local battery management unit 130 obtains "before" of the internal resistances when the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range before the first time. The internal resistance of the battery obtained by the local battery management unit 130 may be the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within the preset temperature range once, twice or more before the first time. The internal resistance of the battery obtained by the local battery management unit 130 may also be the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates in a preset temperature range in a time period, two time periods or a plurality of time periods before the first time. For example, if the local battery management unit 130 obtains the optimal pulse heating frequency at the first time, the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the internal resistance of the battery 120 during the first time period, which is before the first time when the battery is operated within the preset temperature range. The first period of time may be a period of time in which the battery is operated in the preset temperature range last before the first time. The first period of time may be a period of time in which the battery 120 has been operated within the preset temperature range last before the first time. Since the battery is aged as the service time increases, the accuracy of the optimal pulse heating frequency can be improved by obtaining the internal resistance based on the last operation of the battery 120 in the preset temperature range before the first time, and the efficiency of battery heating can be further improved.
If the time when the local battery management unit 130 acquires the optimal pulse heating frequency is taken as the starting time of the current low-temperature battery heating, the time when the local battery management unit 130 acquires the internal resistance before the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range may be before the starting time. The internal resistance of the battery obtained by the local battery management unit 130 may be the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within a preset temperature range once, twice or more before the starting time. The internal resistance of the battery obtained by the local battery management unit 130 may also be the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within a preset temperature range in a time period, two time periods or a plurality of time periods before the starting time. For example, if the local battery management unit 130 obtains the optimal pulse heating frequency at the starting time, the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the internal resistance when the battery 120 operates within the preset temperature range in the second time period, which is before the starting time. The first time period may or may not be the same as the second time period. The second period of time may be a period of time in which the battery 120 was last operated within the preset temperature range before the start-up time. Since the battery is aged as the service time increases, the accuracy of the optimal pulse heating frequency can be improved by obtaining the internal resistance based on the last operation of the battery 120 within the preset temperature range before the starting time, and the efficiency of battery heating can be further improved.
In the embodiment provided herein, the operation of the battery 120 at the preset temperature includes the charging of the battery 120 at a preset temperature range (normal charging) and the discharging of the battery 120 at a preset temperature range (normal discharging).
Wherein the first temperature is less than or equal to a minimum temperature within a preset temperature range. Illustratively, when the temperature of the battery 120 is 3-5 ℃, the battery 120 can be normally charged and discharged, the preset temperature range may be set to 3-5 ℃, the first temperature may be set to 3 ℃, 2 ℃, 1 ℃, 0 ℃, or-1 ℃, and the present application does not limit the specific value of the first temperature.
The internal resistance of the battery 120 is not constant, and the battery 120 has a certain life span, as the usage time of the battery 120 increases, regardless of the temperature, pressure, and other factors, the internal resistance of the battery 120 also changes, in order to more accurately obtain the internal resistance of the battery 120, the local battery management unit 130 may obtain the internal resistance of the battery 120 that was in the preset temperature range (normal operation) last time, and determines an optimal pulse heating frequency according to the impedance characteristic of the internal resistance, the local battery management unit 130 may store the optimal pulse heating frequency, and when the battery 120 is started under a low temperature condition, the local battery management unit 130 calls the optimal pulse heating frequency, and allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to the first frequency and the second frequency, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge so as to efficiently heat the battery 120.
In this embodiment, when the local battery management unit 130 obtains the internal resistance of the battery 120 in the preset temperature range (normal operation), in order to reduce an error of collecting the internal resistance and make the collected internal resistance closer to the real internal resistance of the battery 120, the first sensor 150 collects a voltage value set of the battery 120 in the preset time when the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range, the second sensor 160 collects a current value set of the battery 120 in the preset time when the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range, the local battery management unit 130 obtains the voltage value set collected by the first sensor 150 and the current value set collected by the second sensor 160, and based on the voltage value set and the current value set, the local battery management unit 130 calculates the internal resistance of the battery 120 through an identification algorithm.
The voltage value set and the current value set are corresponding, wherein elements in the voltage value set correspond to elements in the current value set in a one-to-one mode. For example, if the battery 120 is normally charged or discharged within the preset temperature range last time, the first sensor 150 collects the voltage value set within the time period [ A, B ], and the second sensor 160 also collects the current value set within the time period [ A, B ].
When the local battery management unit 130 calculates the internal resistance of the battery 120 through the identification algorithm based on the voltage value set and the current value set, if the first sensor 150 collects the time period [ A, B ]]Set of internal voltage values C is [ V ] 1 、V 2 、V 3 、……、V n ]The second sensor 160 collects a time period [ A, B ]]A set of current values D of [ I ] 1 、I 2 、I 3 、……、I n ]In which V is 1 And I 1 Corresponding to the same acquisition time, V 2 And I 2 Corresponding to the same acquisition time, V 3 And I 3 Corresponding to the same acquisition time, analogizing, V n And I n Corresponding to the same acquisition time, the local battery management unit 130 calculates the internal resistance of the battery according to the elements corresponding to one-to-one in the voltage value set and the current value set.
When the battery 120 in a low temperature environment is started, the temperature of the battery 120 is collected by the temperature sensor 170, and the temperature sensor 170 transmits the temperature to the controller 110. The controller 110 determines whether the temperature of the battery 120 is less than a first temperature, if the temperature of the battery 120 is less than the first temperature, the controller 110 sends a heating signal to the local battery management unit 130, the local battery management unit 130 calls an optimal pulse heating frequency stored in the local battery management unit 130, and allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, the local battery management unit 130 sends the first frequency and the second frequency to the controller 110, and the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge according to the first frequency and the second frequency, so as to heat the battery 120. When the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge according to the first frequency and the second frequency, the controller 110 controls the first switch 180 to be turned on and off at the first frequency, so that the battery 120 is charged at the first frequency. The controller 110 controls the second switch 190 to be closed and opened at the second frequency so that the battery 120 is discharged at the second frequency.
The optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated by the local battery management unit 130 according to the impedance characteristics of the internal resistance of the battery 120 in normal operation (within the preset temperature range).
In a second possible implementation manner, please refer to fig. 6, where fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a process of calculating an optimal pulse heating frequency and storing the optimal pulse heating frequency in a local battery management unit, and the specific steps are as follows:
s201, the local battery management unit acquires a voltage value set and a current value set from the first sensor and the second sensor.
S202, the cloud battery management unit acquires a voltage value set and a current value set from the local battery management unit.
S203, the cloud battery management unit identifies the internal resistance of the battery according to the voltage value set and the current value set, and calculates the optimal pulse heating frequency according to the impedance characteristic of the internal resistance of the battery.
And S204, the cloud battery management unit sends the optimal pulse heating frequency to the local battery management unit.
Specifically, when the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated, the cloud battery management unit 140 obtains the internal resistance of the battery 120 before the battery operates in the preset temperature range, the cloud battery management unit 140 determines a nyquist diagram of the impedance characteristic of the battery based on the internal resistance of the battery, and the optimal pulse heating frequency of the battery 120 can be determined according to the nyquist diagram, in the nyquist diagram, the battery 120 has an optimal frequency in a charging and discharging frequency band, so that the impedance of the battery 120 is maximum, and under the condition that the current pulse intensity is not changed, the battery 120 is alternately charged and discharged by using the optimal pulse heating frequency, so that the heat generation of the battery 120 is faster, and the heating efficiency of the battery 120 can be improved.
After the cloud battery management unit 140 determines the optimal pulse heating frequency, the cloud battery management unit 140 sends the optimal pulse heating frequency to the local battery management unit 130, and the local battery management unit 130 stores the optimal pulse heating frequency. When the battery 120 is started at a low temperature, the local battery management unit 130 calls the optimal pulse heating frequency, allocates the optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, and controls the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge through the controller 110, so as to efficiently heat the battery 120.
When the cloud battery management unit 140 obtains the internal resistance of the battery 120 before the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range, the first sensor 150 is used for collecting a voltage value set within a preset time when the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range, the second sensor 160 is used for collecting a current value set within a preset time when the battery 120 operates in the preset temperature range, the local battery management unit 130 is used for obtaining the voltage value set and the current value set from the first sensor 150 and the second sensor 160, and the cloud battery management unit 140 is used for obtaining the voltage value set and the current value set from the local battery management unit 130. Based on the voltage value set and the current value set, the cloud battery management unit 140 calculates the internal resistance of the battery 120 through an identification algorithm.
When the battery 120 in the low-temperature environment is started, different from the first possible implementation manner, the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated by the cloud battery management unit 140 according to the impedance characteristic of the battery 120 in the normal operation (within the preset temperature range), the cloud battery management unit 140 sends the calculated optimal pulse heating frequency to the local battery management unit 130, and the local battery management unit 130 stores the optimal pulse heating frequency.
In this implementation manner, the cloud battery management unit 140 may correspond to the plurality of batteries 120, and the cloud battery management unit 140 may obtain the internal resistance conditions of the plurality of batteries 120, so as to monitor the service conditions of the batteries 120. The battery 120 has a certain service life, and as the service life of the battery 120 increases, the internal resistance of the battery 120 changes without considering the influence of temperature, air pressure and other factors, and the cloud battery management unit 140 may estimate the remaining service life of each battery 120 according to the change rule of the internal resistance of the battery 120. For example, when the battery 120 is used to provide electric energy for an electric vehicle, the cloud battery management unit 140 may estimate the remaining service life of each battery 120 according to the real-time internal resistance condition of each battery 120, and when the remaining service life of a battery 120 is less than the preset time or the mileage corresponding to the remaining service life of the battery 120 is less than the preset mileage, the cloud battery management unit 140 sends a prompt to the vehicle owner corresponding to the battery 120, where the prompt may be used to remind the vehicle owner to replace the battery 120.
In the embodiment of the present application, as the temperature in the battery 120 gradually increases, when the battery 120 is heated to the second temperature or higher, the controller 110 adjusts the first current value of the battery 120 during charging and adjusts the second current value of the battery 120 during discharging according to the real-time temperature of the battery 120.
In the embodiments provided herein, the second temperature is greater than the first temperature, and for example, when the first temperature is set to 0 ℃, the second temperature may be set to 3 ℃, 2 ℃, 1 ℃ or the like, and the application is not particularly limited with respect to specific values of the second temperature.
In the embodiment provided herein, the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is detected by the temperature sensor 170. In order to avoid that the temperature of the battery 120 is increased too fast to be higher than the maximum value in the preset temperature range of the battery 120 when the battery 120 is charged and discharged alternately, when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 reaches the second temperature, the first current value and the second current value of the battery 120 during the charge and discharge alternately are regulated and controlled by the controller 110. In the process of alternately charging and discharging the battery 120, the first current value is a current value of the battery 120 during charging, and the second current value is a current value of the battery 120 during discharging.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 reaches the second temperature, the controller 110 regulates the first current value and the second current value according to the real-time temperature of the battery 120, and specifically, the controller 110 gradually decreases the first current value and the second current value as the temperature of the battery 120 increases.
For example, when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 reaches the second temperature, the controller 110 controls the magnitude of the first current value to decrease by 0.1A for every 0.5 ℃ increase in the temperature of the battery 120, and the controller 110 controls the magnitude of the second current value to decrease by 0.1A until the magnitudes of the first current value and the second current value decrease to 0. When the real-time temperature of the battery 120 reaches the second temperature, and the controller 110 regulates the first current value and the second current value according to the real-time temperature of the battery 120, the controller 110 controls the amplitude of the first current value reduction and the amplitude of the second current value reduction to be equal or unequal, and when the controller 110 controls the first current value reduction to be 0, the second current value reduction is also 0.
In the embodiment provided by the application, when the controller 110 regulates the first current value and the second current value according to the real-time temperature of the battery 120, the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is collected by the temperature sensor 170, the controller 110 determines whether the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is greater than or equal to the second temperature, when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is greater than or equal to the second temperature, the temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is located is further determined by the controller 110, and the controller 110 regulates the first current value when the battery 120 is charged and the second current value when the battery 120 is discharged according to the temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is located.
For example, if the second temperature is 0 ℃, the temperature above the second temperature may be divided into a plurality of temperature intervals, specifically, the temperature intervals may be [0, 0.5), [0.5, 1), [1, 1.5), [1.5, 2), [2, 2.5), [2.5, 3), [3, 3.5) …, and each temperature interval may correspond to a reduction range of the first current value and a reduction range of the second current value. Illustratively, the temperature interval is [0, 0.5), the corresponding reduction range of the first current value is a1, and the reduction range of the second current value is b 1. The temperature interval is [0.5, 1), the corresponding first current value has a reduction range of a2, and the corresponding second current value has a reduction range of b 2. Temperature interval [1, 1.5)), the corresponding first current value has a reduction range of a3, and the corresponding second current value has a reduction range of b 3. Temperature interval [1.5, 2)), the corresponding first current value has a reduction range of a4, and the corresponding second current value has a reduction range of b 4. Temperature interval [2, 2.5)), the corresponding first current value has a reduction range of a5, and the corresponding second current value has a reduction range of b 5. Temperature interval [2.5, 3)), the corresponding first current value has a reduction range of a6, and the corresponding second current value has a reduction range of b 6. Temperature interval [3, 3.5)), the corresponding first current value has a reduction range of a7, and the corresponding second current value has a reduction range of b 7.
If the first current value is a and the second current value is b when the temperature of the battery 120 is lower than the second temperature, the controller 110 controls the first current value to be decreased a1 and the controller 110 controls the second current value to be decreased b1 as the temperature of the battery 120 gradually increases when the temperature of the battery 120 is in the temperature interval [0, 0.5), that is, the first current value is a-a1 and the second current value is b-b1 when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is in the temperature interval [0, 0.5). When the temperature of the battery 120 is in the temperature interval [0.5, 1), the controller 110 controls the first current value to be decreased by a2, and the controller 110 controls the second current value to be decreased by b2, that is, when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is in the temperature interval [0.5, 1), the first current value is a-a2 and the second current value is b-b 2. By analogy, when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is in other temperature intervals, the controller 110 may determine the first current value and the second current value according to the temperature interval in which the real-time temperature of the battery 120 is.
In the embodiment provided by the application, the controller 110 regulates and controls the first current value and the second current value of the battery 120 during alternate charging and discharging according to the temperature interval where the temperature of the battery 120 is located, so that the heating rhythm of the battery 120 can be better controlled, and the situation that the temperature of the battery 120 is excessively increased to influence the service performance and the service life of the battery 120 is avoided.
The first current value and the second current value of the battery 120 are adjusted to be alternately charged and discharged, which means that the first current value and the second current value are increased or decreased on the original basis.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to perform alternate charging and discharging to heat the battery 120, and when the real-time temperature of the battery 120 rises to the third temperature, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to stop the alternate charging and discharging, so as to prevent the temperature of the battery 120 from being too high, which may affect the usability and the service life of the battery 120.
Specifically, the temperature sensor 170 collects the temperature of the battery 120 in real time, the controller 110 determines the temperature collected by the temperature sensor 170, and when the temperature is higher than a third temperature, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to stop alternately charging and discharging.
In the embodiments provided herein, the third temperature is greater than the second temperature, the third temperature may be within a preset temperature range, and the third temperature may also be set to be greater than a maximum value within the preset temperature range.
For example, if the preset temperature range is 3 ℃ to 5 ℃, the third temperature may be set to 5 ℃, and the third temperature may also be set to greater than 5 ℃.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, when the temperature of the battery 120 is greater than the third temperature, the controller 110 controls the battery 120 to stop the alternate charging and discharging, so as to protect the battery 120 and avoid the temperature of the battery 120 being too high (greater than the third temperature), and the controller 110 further controls the battery 120 to perform the alternate charging and discharging, so that the real-time temperature of the battery 120 continuously rises.
Referring to the drawings, fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the battery 120 at low-temperature start in the embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment provided by the present application, when the battery 120 is started at a low temperature, the temperature sensor 170 collects the real-time temperature of the battery 120, the temperature sensor 170 transmits the collected real-time temperature to the controller 110, the controller 110 determines whether the real-time temperature of the battery is less than a first temperature, and if the real-time temperature of the battery is less than the first temperature, the controller 110 acquires a first frequency and a second frequency for controlling the battery 120 to alternately charge and discharge from the local battery management unit 130; the local battery management unit 130 allocates the pre-stored optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, and transmits the first frequency and the second frequency to the controller 110, and the controller 110 controls the first switch 180 and the second switch 190 according to the first frequency and the second frequency, so that the battery 120 is alternately charged and discharged. When the temperature of the battery 120 rises to the second temperature, the controller 110 regulates the first current value and the second current value of the battery 120 during the alternate charging and discharging according to the real-time temperature of the battery 120, so as to avoid the temperature of the battery 120 from rising too fast. When the temperature of the battery 120 reaches the third temperature, the controller 110 controls the first switch 180 and the second switch 190 to stop the alternate charging and discharging of the battery 120, so as to avoid the over-temperature of the battery 120.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (15)
1. A battery heating method, comprising:
when the temperature of the battery is lower than a first temperature, acquiring an optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery;
assigning the optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency being equal to the optimal pulse heating frequency;
and controlling the battery to alternately charge and discharge so as to perform pulse heating on the battery, wherein the battery is charged at the first frequency during charging, and the battery is discharged at the second frequency during discharging.
2. The battery heating method according to claim 1, wherein before the obtaining of the optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery, the battery heating method further comprises:
acquiring internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates within a preset temperature range, wherein the operation of the battery within the preset temperature range comprises the steps of charging the battery within the preset temperature range and discharging the battery within the preset temperature range; the first temperature is less than or equal to the minimum temperature in the preset temperature range;
determining an impedance characteristic of the battery based on an internal resistance of the battery;
and calculating the optimal pulse heating frequency based on the impedance characteristic of the battery.
3. The method for heating the battery according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining the internal resistance of the battery when the battery operates in the preset temperature range comprises:
collecting a voltage value set and a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within the preset temperature range;
and calculating the internal resistance of the battery based on the voltage value set and the current value set.
4. The battery heating method according to claim 1, wherein before the obtaining of the optimal pulse heating frequency calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery, the battery heating method further comprises:
collecting a voltage value set and a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within a preset temperature range;
sending the voltage value set and the current value set to a cloud battery management unit, calculating by the cloud battery management unit according to the voltage value set and the current value set to obtain internal resistance of the battery, determining impedance characteristics of the battery based on the internal resistance of the battery, and calculating to obtain optimal pulse heating frequency based on the impedance characteristics of the battery;
and receiving and storing the optimal pulse heating frequency sent by the cloud battery management unit.
5. The battery heating method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
when the battery is heated to a temperature higher than a second temperature, a first current value of the battery during charging is adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the battery, and a second current value of the battery during discharging is adjusted.
6. The battery heating method according to claim 5, wherein the adjusting a first current value of the battery when charging and a second current value of the battery when discharging according to the real-time temperature of the battery comprises:
determining a temperature interval of the real-time temperature of the battery;
and regulating and controlling a first current value of the battery during charging and a second current value of the battery during discharging according to the temperature interval of the real-time temperature of the battery.
7. The battery heating method of claim 6, further comprising:
controlling the battery to stop alternately charging and discharging when the battery is heated to a third temperature or higher.
8. A battery system, comprising: a local battery management unit, a controller and a battery;
when the temperature of the battery is lower than a first temperature, the local battery management unit is used for allocating an optimal pulse heating frequency to a first frequency and a second frequency, the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency is equal to the optimal pulse heating frequency, and the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated based on the impedance characteristic of the battery;
the controller is used for controlling the battery to alternately charge and discharge so as to heat the battery in a pulse mode, the battery is charged at the first frequency when being charged, and the battery is discharged at the second frequency when being discharged.
9. The battery system of claim 8, further comprising a first switch and a second switch;
the controller is used for controlling the first switch to be alternately switched on and switched off at a first frequency, so that the battery and the power supply source are alternately connected and disconnected at the first frequency, and the battery is controlled to be charged at the first frequency;
the controller is further configured to control the second switch to be alternately turned on and off at a second frequency, so that the battery and the load are alternately connected and disconnected at the second frequency, and the battery is controlled to discharge at the second frequency.
10. The battery system of claim 8, wherein the optimal pulse heating frequency is calculated based on an internal resistance of the battery when the battery was previously operating within a preset temperature range;
the battery operating in the preset temperature range comprises charging the battery in the preset temperature range and discharging the battery in the preset temperature range, and the first temperature is less than or equal to the minimum temperature in the preset temperature range.
11. The battery system of claim 10, further comprising a first sensor and a second sensor;
the first sensor is used for collecting a voltage value set within a preset time when the battery operates within a preset temperature range;
the second sensor is used for collecting a current value set within a preset time when the battery operates within a preset temperature range;
the local battery management unit is used for sending the received voltage value set and current value set to a cloud battery management unit and receiving the optimal pulse heating frequency transmitted by the cloud battery management unit; the cloud battery management unit calculates to obtain the internal resistance of the battery based on the voltage value set and the current value set, and obtains the optimal pulse heating frequency based on the internal resistance of the battery.
12. The battery system according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein:
when the battery is heated to a temperature higher than a second temperature, the local battery management unit is used for adjusting a first current value of the battery during charging and adjusting a second current value of the battery during discharging according to the real-time temperature of the battery.
13. The battery system of claim 12, wherein:
the local battery management unit is used for determining a temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the battery is located;
the local battery management unit is further used for determining a first current value during charging and a second current value during discharging of the battery when the battery is alternately charged and discharged according to a temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the battery is located.
14. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the local battery management unit is configured to control the battery to stop alternating charging and discharging when the battery is heated above a third temperature.
15. An energy storage system, characterized in that the energy storage system comprises an inverter and a battery system according to any of claims 8-14, the output of the inverter being connected to the battery system and the input of the inverter being connected to a load.
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