CN114883611B - Fuel cell low-temperature start control system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell low-temperature start control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114883611B CN114883611B CN202210669301.8A CN202210669301A CN114883611B CN 114883611 B CN114883611 B CN 114883611B CN 202210669301 A CN202210669301 A CN 202210669301A CN 114883611 B CN114883611 B CN 114883611B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a low-temperature starting control system and method for a fuel cell. The control system comprises a cooling liquid loop and an air loop, wherein the cooling liquid loop comprises a cooling liquid pipeline, a high-pressure water pump, a first three-way valve, a heater and a thermostat; the air loop comprises a heat exchange device, an air pipeline, a throttle valve, a second three-way valve, an intercooler and an air compressor, high-temperature air generated by the air compressor can flow into the heat exchange device and is communicated with the air pipeline, so that the fuel cell is heated, the heater can heat the fuel cell by heating cooling liquid, the purpose of heating the fuel cell can be achieved, and compared with the prior art, the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell during low-temperature starting can be improved without increasing high-power components, and the normal operation of the fuel cell is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a low-temperature starting control system and method for a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell generates electric energy through electrochemical reaction, the membrane electrode and the catalyst have certain requirements on the reaction temperature, the common operation temperature is 60-80 ℃, but when the fuel cell is applied to automobiles, the operation environment temperature can be even as low as-40 ℃, and the common fuel cell can output electric energy only by heating the fuel cell by external heating or other control methods below-10 ℃. In addition, because the cathode reaction of the fuel cell generates a large amount of water, some electrical equipment and pipelines in the fuel cell starting system are extremely easy to freeze in the environment below 0 ℃, so that the system is failed to start, and the normal operation of the whole fuel cell vehicle is affected.
Therefore, there is a need for a fuel cell low temperature start control system that solves the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature start control system for a fuel cell, which can increase the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell during low-temperature start without increasing high-power components, and ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell low temperature start control method, which is capable of controlling the start-up of a fuel cell by using the above-mentioned fuel cell low temperature start control system,
In order to achieve the above object, the following technical scheme is provided:
in a first aspect, there is provided a fuel cell low temperature start control system including:
The cooling liquid loop comprises a cooling liquid pipeline, a high-pressure water pump, a first three-way valve, a heater and a thermostat; the cooling liquid pipeline is arranged on the periphery side of the fuel cell, and the outlet end of the cooling liquid pipeline is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump; the outlet end of the high-pressure water pump is communicated with the inlet end of the thermostat after passing through the heater through the first three-way valve or is directly communicated with the inlet end of the thermostat; the outlet end of the thermostat is communicated with the inlet end of the cooling liquid pipeline;
The air loop comprises a heat exchange device, an air pipeline, a throttle valve, a second three-way valve, an intercooler and an air compressor, wherein the heat exchange device and the air pipeline are connected in parallel and are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fuel cell; the high-temperature air of the air compressor flows through the intercooler and then is respectively communicated with the inlet end of the heat exchange device and the inlet end of the air pipeline through the second three-way valve, and the outlet end of the heat exchange device and the outlet end of the air pipeline are both communicated with the throttle valve.
As an alternative scheme of the fuel cell low-temperature start control system, a first temperature sensor is arranged between the outlet end of the cooling liquid pipeline and the high-pressure water pump.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low temperature start control system, a second temperature sensor is provided between the first outlet end of the second three-way valve and the inlet end of the heat exchange device.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system, an outlet end of the coolant line is connected to an inlet end of the intercooler, and an outlet end of the intercooler is connected to an inlet end of the coolant line.
As an alternative to the low-temperature start control system of the fuel cell, a third temperature sensor is provided between the outlet end of the intercooler and the inlet end of the coolant pipe.
As an alternative scheme of the fuel cell low-temperature start control system, the cooling liquid loop further comprises a warm air core, an outlet end of the heater is communicated with an inlet end of the warm air core, and an outlet end of the warm air core is communicated with an inlet end of the thermostat.
In a second aspect, there is provided a fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method including a fuel cell warm-up method including the steps of:
S1, detecting the outlet temperature T C1 of a cooling liquid pipeline of a fuel cell, and judging whether T C1 is not more than the low-temperature starting temperature limit value T 0 of the fuel cell; if yes, executing S2, and if not, entering a normal temperature starting mode;
S2, judging whether T C1 is not smaller than a first temperature set value T 1; if not, executing S311;
S311, switching a first outlet end to open a second outlet end to close by a second three-way valve, starting an air compressor at a preset rotating speed, starting a throttle valve at a preset opening degree, and entering a heating mode of the heat exchange device; the high-pressure water pump is started at a preset rotating speed, the first three-way valve is used for switching the first inlet end to open the second inlet end to close, the heater is started, the low-pressure water pump is started, the first outlet end of the thermostat is used for opening the second outlet end to close, and the heating mode of the heater is entered.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low temperature start control method, the method further includes the following steps after step S311:
S312, detecting the outlet temperature T C2 of a cooling liquid pipeline of the fuel cell, and judging whether T C2 is not smaller than a second temperature set value T 2; if yes, then execute S313; if not, executing S311;
s313, stopping the operation of the air compressor, switching the first outlet end by the second three-way valve, closing the second outlet end, opening the throttle valve, and exiting the heating mode of the heat exchange device.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low temperature start control method, after step S313, the method further includes the steps of:
S4, switching the first inlet end to close the second inlet end and opening the first three-way valve, closing the heater, exiting the heater heating mode, and ending the low-temperature starting warm-up process of the fuel cell.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low temperature start control method, in step S2, it is determined whether T C1 is not less than the first temperature set value T 1; if yes, then execute S321;
S321, starting the high-pressure water pump at a preset rotating speed, switching the first inlet end to open the second inlet end to close the first three-way valve, starting the heater, starting the low-pressure water pump, and entering a heater heating mode.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low temperature start control method, the method further includes the following steps after step S321:
S322, detecting the outlet temperature T C3 of a cooling liquid pipeline of the fuel cell, and judging whether T C3 is not smaller than a second temperature set value T 2; if yes, executing S4; if not, S321 is performed.
As an alternative to the fuel cell low temperature start-up control method, the fuel cell low temperature start-up control method includes a fuel cell warm-up method including the steps of:
s100, detecting the outlet temperature T C4 of a cooling liquid pipeline of the fuel cell, and judging whether T C4 is not more than a third temperature set value T 3; if yes, executing S200; if not, executing S300;
S200, controlling a second three-way valve to switch the opening of the first outlet end and the opening of the second outlet end according to DeltaT=T 3-TC4, starting an air compressor, adjusting a throttle valve according to the set opening until T C4 is larger than a third temperature set value T 3, and executing S300;
S300, the air compressor resumes normal rotation speed operation, the throttle valve resumes normal opening, the heat exchange device heating mode is exited, and air flows to the throttle valve through the air loop.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a fuel cell low-temperature start control system, which comprises a cooling liquid loop and an air loop, wherein the cooling liquid loop comprises a cooling liquid pipeline, a high-pressure water pump, a first three-way valve, a heater and a thermostat; the air loop comprises a heat exchange device, an air pipeline, a throttle valve, a second three-way valve, an intercooler and an air compressor, high-temperature air generated by the air compressor can flow into the heat exchange device and is communicated with the air pipeline, so that the fuel cell is heated, the heater can heat the fuel cell by heating cooling liquid, the purpose of heating the fuel cell can be achieved, and compared with the prior art, the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell during low-temperature starting can be improved without increasing high-power components, and the normal operation of the fuel cell is ensured.
The fuel cell low-temperature start control method provided by the invention is characterized in that by applying the fuel cell low-temperature start control system,
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature start control system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a preheating control method in a fuel cell low-temperature start control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a thermal insulation control method in a fuel cell low-temperature start control method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
100. A fuel cell;
201. A coolant line; 202. a high pressure water pump; 203. a first three-way valve; 204. a low pressure water pump; 205. a heater; 206. a warm air core; 207. a thermostat; 208. a heat sink; 209. a deionizer; 210. an expansion tank; 211. a first temperature sensor; 212. a pressure sensor; 213. a third temperature sensor;
301. An air cleaner; 302. a flow meter; 303. an air compressor; 304. an intercooler; 305. a second three-way valve; 306. a heat exchange device; 307. an air line; 308. a humidifier; 309. a one-way valve; 310. a throttle valve; 311. and a second temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a low-temperature start control system for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, where the low-temperature start control system for a fuel cell includes a coolant loop and an air loop, the coolant loop has at least two functions of preheating and cooling the fuel cell 100, and the air loop can preheat the fuel cell 100 by using high-temperature gas generated by a vehicle.
For the coolant circuit, the coolant circuit includes a coolant line 201, a high-pressure water pump 202, a first three-way valve 203, a low-pressure water pump 204, a heater 205, a warm air core 206, a thermostat 207, a radiator 208, a deionizer 209, an expansion tank 210, a first temperature sensor 211, a pressure sensor 212, and a third temperature sensor 213.
The coolant pipeline 201 is arranged on the periphery of the fuel cell 100, and the coolant flows into a first inlet end a1 of the first three-way valve 203 from an outlet end of the coolant pipeline 201 under the action of the high-pressure water pump 202, flows through the low-pressure water pump 204, the heater 205 and the warm air core 206 through an outlet end of the first three-way valve 203, and then is communicated with an inlet end of the thermostat 207; or directly into the inlet end of thermostat 207. The first outlet end b1 of the thermostat 207 is directly in communication with the inlet end of the coolant line 201, and the second outlet end b2 of the thermostat 207 is in communication with the inlet end of the coolant line 201 through the radiator 208. The high-pressure water pump 202 can be used as a power source for flowing the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid pipeline 201, and the low-pressure water pump 204 is arranged between the outlet end of the first three-way valve 203 and the inlet end of the heater 205 and is used for ensuring the flowing of the cooling liquid. The heater 205 is used for heating the cooling liquid, and the warm air core 206 is used for being matched with the heater 205 to heat the cooling liquid, so that the fuel cell 100 is preheated through the cooling liquid pipeline 201, and the vehicle is started in a low-temperature environment conveniently. Radiator 208 may be used during vehicle travel or other situations where cooling of fuel cell 100 is desired. The second outlet end b2 of the thermostat 207 is kept in a normally closed state when the fuel cell 100 is warmed up; when cooling the fuel cell 100, the second outlet b2 of the thermostat 207 is opened, the coolant flows through the radiator 208 to dissipate heat, and then flows back to the coolant line 201 to dissipate heat of the fuel cell 100
When the first inlet port a1 of the first three-way valve 203 is closed and the second inlet port a2 is opened, the heater 205 and the heater core 206 may be used in a heating mode of an air conditioning system of an automobile to realize temperature heating adjustment in the cockpit.
Alternatively, the first three-way valve 203 may be an electronically controlled three-way valve, which facilitates automatic control of the fuel cell low temperature start control system provided by the present invention.
The deionizing device 209 and the expansion water tank 210 are connected in series and connected in parallel with the thermostat 207, and after the cooling liquid flows through the deionizing device 209 and the expansion water tank 210, bubbles in the cooling liquid can be separated and removed through the deionizing device 209 and the expansion water tank 210, so that the cooling and heating effects of the cooling liquid are improved, and corrosion damage of the bubbles to equipment is avoided.
The pressure sensor 212 is disposed between the high-pressure water pump 202 and the coolant pipeline 201, and is configured to detect a pressure at an outlet end of the coolant pipeline 201, so as to facilitate real-time adjustment of the power of the high-pressure water pump 202.
The first temperature sensor 211 is disposed between the outlet end of the coolant pipe 201 and the high-pressure water pump 202, and is configured to detect the temperature of the outlet end of the coolant pipe 201, so as to facilitate the selection of a suitable warm-up mode by the low-temperature start control system of the fuel cell 100.
The third temperature sensor 213 is disposed between the outlet end of the intercooler 304 and the inlet end of the coolant pipe 201, and is configured to detect the temperature of the coolant flowing out from the outlet end of the intercooler 304, so as to facilitate the selection of a suitable warm-up mode by the low-temperature start control system of the fuel cell 100.
Illustratively, the heater 205 may be a PTC heater.
For the air circuit, the air circuit includes an air cleaner 301, a flow meter 302, an air compressor 303, an intercooler 304, a second three-way valve 305, a heat exchange device 306, an air line 307, a humidifier 308, a one-way valve 309, a throttle valve 310, and a second temperature sensor 311.
The air enters the air compressor 303 through the air filter 301, then is converted into high-temperature gas (the temperature is generally higher than 120-150 ℃), the high-temperature gas can be preheated by cooling liquid flowing through the intercooler 304 after entering the intercooler 304, the high-temperature gas enters the second three-way valve 305 after entering the intercooler 304, then enters the heat exchange device 306 through the first outlet end c1 of the second three-way valve 305, enters the air pipeline 307 through the second outlet end c2 of the second three-way valve 305, the cooling liquid of the cooling liquid pipeline 201 is heated by the high-temperature gas of the heat exchange device 306, then the fuel cell 100 is heated by the cooling liquid, and finally the high-temperature gas in the heat exchange device 306 is discharged by the throttle valve 310; the high temperature gas in the air line 307 can also preheat the fuel cell 100 and finally enter the throttle valve 310 through the humidifier 308 and the check valve 309 and then are discharged.
Alternatively, the second three-way valve 305 may be a three-way proportional valve, so as to adjust the flow of different outlet ends of the three-way proportional valve as required.
Preferably, the outlet end of the coolant line 201 communicates with the inlet end of the intercooler 304, and the outlet end of the intercooler 304 communicates with the inlet end of the coolant line 201. This design may increase the warm-up efficiency of the fuel cell 100 by heating the coolant with the high temperature gas in the intercooler 304.
The air filter 301 is connected to an inlet end of the air compressor 303, and is used for filtering air, so that the air entering the air filter 301 is free of impurities. A flow meter 302 is provided between the air cleaner 301 and the air compressor 303 for detecting the flow rate of air entering the air compressor 303. The outlet end of the air line 307 is in communication with a damper 310 via a humidifier 308 and a one-way valve 309 in sequence, the humidifier 308 being adapted to humidify the air flowing through the air line 307, the one-way valve 309 being adapted to ensure that gas can only flow from the humidifier 308 to the damper 310 and not from the damper 310 to the humidifier 308.
The second temperature sensor 311 is disposed between the first outlet end c1 of the second three-way valve 305 and the inlet end of the heat exchange device 306, and is configured to detect the temperature of the high-temperature gas flowing out from the first outlet end c1 of the second three-way valve 305, so as to facilitate the selection of a suitable preheating mode by the low-temperature start control system of the fuel cell 100.
The low-temperature start control system for fuel cell provided in this embodiment introduces the high-temperature gas compressed by the air compressor 301 into the heat exchange device 306 on the peripheral side of the fuel cell 100, and performs integrated design and control of the pipeline and the valve, so as to solve the following problems: 1) In the low-temperature starting and warming-up process, high-temperature air is generated by controlling the air compression ratio and flows through the intercooler and the electric pile heat exchange device to exchange heat, so that electric pile cooling liquid and an electric pile body are heated, and the problem that the warming-up time is long and the starting is slow only by virtue of the power-limited heater 205 in an extremely low-temperature environment is solved; 2) The problem of rapid ice breaking of the fuel cell cathode throttle valve in a low-temperature environment is solved by utilizing the discharged air waste gas; 3) When the fuel cell 100 operates in low-temperature environment at idle speed or low power for a long time, the problems of easy secondary freezing of the throttle valve 310 and the pipeline and heat preservation of the electric pile are solved by controlling the power of the air compressor 301 and the state of the three-way valve.
The existing low-temperature starting technology of the fuel cell mainly solves only a single problem through a certain device or scheme design, and the embodiment provides a system and a method for quickly starting the fuel cell at low temperature, which can solve the three technical problems at the same time under the condition of not adding high-power components, greatly improve the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell during low-temperature starting, avoid starting failure caused by freezing of a throttle valve and a pipeline, and avoid secondary freezing of the pipeline and the components during long-time idling or low-power operation in a low-temperature environment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a preheating method in a fuel cell low-temperature start control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the low-temperature preheating method for a fuel cell according to the present invention further includes the following steps:
S1, detecting the outlet temperature T C1 of the fuel cell coolant pipeline 201, and judging whether T C1 is not more than the low-temperature starting temperature limit value T 0 of the fuel cell 100; if yes, executing S2, and if not, entering a normal temperature starting mode;
S2, judging whether T C1 is not smaller than a first temperature set value T 1; if not, executing S311;
S311, the second three-way valve 305 switches the first outlet end c1 to open the second outlet end c2 to close, the air compressor 303 is started at a preset rotating speed, the throttle valve 310 is started at a preset opening degree, and the heating mode of the heat exchange device 306 is entered; the high-pressure water pump 202 is started at a preset rotating speed, the first three-way valve 203 is switched to open the first inlet end a1, close the second inlet end a2, open the heater 205, open the low-pressure water pump 204, open the first outlet end b1 of the thermostat 207, close the second outlet end b2, and enter a heating mode of the heater 205;
S312, detecting the outlet temperature T C2 of the cooling liquid pipeline 201 of the fuel cell 100, and judging whether T C2 is not smaller than a second temperature set value T 2; if yes, then execute S313; if not, executing S311;
S313, stopping the operation of the air compressor 303, switching the first outlet end c1 to be closed, switching the second outlet end c2 to be opened by the second three-way valve 305, closing the throttle valve 310, and exiting the heating mode of the heat exchange device 306;
S4, the first three-way valve 203 switches the first inlet end a1 to be closed, the second inlet end a2 to be opened, the heater 205 is closed, the heating mode of the heater 205 is exited, and the low-temperature starting and warming-up process of the fuel cell 100 is finished.
Alternatively, T 0 may be set to 0 ℃. T 1 can be set to any value from-20 ℃ to-30 ℃, and specific set values can be selected according to the normal temperature of the automobile running environment and the self-characteristics of the fuel cell 100, which are not illustrated here. T 2 can be set to any value from 0 to 5 ℃, and the specific setting can be selected according to the normal temperature of the driving environment of the automobile and the self-characteristics of the fuel cell 100, which are not illustrated here.
When T C1≤T0 is executed, the high-pressure system and the hydrogen supply system are operated according to a predetermined strategy, and then S2 is executed.
When T C1≤T1 is reached, at this time, the fuel cell 100 system is at an extremely low temperature, in order to accelerate the warm-up process, the first outlet port c1 of the second three-way valve 305 in the air circuit is opened, the second outlet port c2 is closed, the second temperature sensor 311 monitors the temperature of the gas entering the heat exchange device 306 of the fuel cell 100, the air compression ratio is controlled according to the set target temperature value, the throttle valve 310 is further opened according to the predetermined opening degree, the air compressor 303 is started at the predetermined rotation speed, then the thermal management system is started, the high-pressure water pump 202, the heater 205 and the low-pressure water pump 204 are started, the first inlet port a1 of the first three-way valve 203 is opened, the second inlet port a2 is closed, the first outlet port b1 of the thermostat 207 is opened, the second outlet port b2 is closed, until T C2≥T2, the air compressor 303 stops running, the first outlet port c1 of the second three-way valve 305 is closed, the second outlet port c2 is closed, the throttle valve 310 is closed, then the heater 205 is closed for heating, the first inlet port a1 of the first three-way valve 203 is closed, the second inlet port a2 is opened, the first outlet port b1 of the thermostat 207 is opened, and the warm-up is completed.
The opening degree of the second three-way valve 305 is switched, so that on the basis of heating by the original heater 205, the high-temperature gas compressed by the air compressor 303 heats the cooling liquid through the intercooler 304, meanwhile, the high-temperature gas rapidly heats the internal structure of the fuel cell 100 through the heat exchange device 306 of the fuel cell 100 and keeps warm at idle speed or low power, in addition, the gas passing through the heat exchange device 306 of the fuel cell 100 reaches the front end of the throttle valve 310 through a pipeline, and the pipeline and the throttle valve 310 can break ice and avoid secondary freezing by utilizing waste heat.
Optionally, in step S2, it is determined whether T C1 is not less than the first temperature set point T 1; if yes, then execute S321;
s321, the high-pressure water pump 202 is started at a preset rotating speed, the first three-way valve 203 switches the first inlet end a1 to open the second inlet end a2 to close, the heater 205 is started, the low-pressure water pump 204 is started, and the heating mode of the heater 205 is entered.
S322, detecting the outlet temperature T C3 of the cooling liquid pipeline 201 of the fuel cell 100, and judging whether T C3 is not smaller than a second temperature set value T 2; if yes, executing S4; if not, S321 is performed.
When T C1≥T1 is performed, the warming-up process is performed only by using the heater 205 as an auxiliary heat source, so that excessive consumption of energy is avoided, the high-pressure water pump 202, the heater 205 and the low-pressure water pump 204 are started, the first inlet end a1 of the first three-way valve 203 is opened, the second inlet end a2 is closed, the first outlet end b1 of the thermostat 207 is opened, the second outlet end b2 is closed, until T C3≥T2,T2 is a temperature limit for ending the low-temperature starting warming-up process, at this time, the heater 205 stops running, the first inlet end a1 of the first three-way valve 203 is closed, the second inlet end a2 is opened, the first outlet end b1 of the thermostat 207 is opened, the second outlet end b2 is closed, and the low-temperature starting warming-up is completed.
The low-temperature starting control method of the fuel cell 100 can improve the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell 100 during low-temperature starting without increasing high-power components, avoid starting failure caused by freezing of the throttle valve 310 and the pipeline, and avoid secondary freezing of the pipeline components during long-time idling or low-power pipe operation in a low-temperature environment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a heat preservation method in a low-temperature start control method of a fuel cell 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where, as shown in fig. 3, the heat preservation method of the fuel cell 100 includes the following steps:
S100, detecting the outlet temperature T C4 of the cooling liquid pipeline 201 of the fuel cell 100, and judging whether T C4 is not more than a third temperature set value T 3; if yes, executing S200; if not, executing S300;
s200, according to Δt=t 3-TC4, controlling the second three-way valve 305 to switch the opening degrees of the first outlet end c1 and the second outlet end c2, starting the air compressor 303, adjusting the throttle valve 310 according to the set opening degree until T C4 is greater than the third temperature set value T 3, and executing S300;
S300, the air compressor 303 resumes normal rotation speed operation, the throttle valve 310 resumes normal opening, the heating mode of the heat exchange device 306 is exited, and air flows to the throttle valve 310 through an air loop.
Alternatively, T3 may be set to any value of 60 to 65 ℃, and the specific setting may be selected according to the normal temperature of the driving environment of the vehicle and the characteristics of the fuel cell 100, which are not illustrated herein.
When the fuel cell 100 system is operated at an extremely low ambient temperature and is idling or running at low power for a long time, the outlet temperature T C4,T3 of the coolant pipeline 201 of the fuel cell 100 is detected as the temperature limit value (for example, 65 ℃) of the system opening heat preservation function, when T C4≤T3 is detected, according to Δt (Δt=t 3-TC4), the opening degrees of the first outlet end c1 and the second outlet end c2 of the second three-way valve 305 are controlled, the target air compression ratio and the stoichiometric ratio are recalculated, the air compressor 303 is controlled to run according to the set power, the throttle valve 310 is opened to the set opening degree, the air compressor 303 is operated until the normal rotation speed operation is recovered until T C4≥T3 while the normal required air pressure and flow rate of the fuel cell 100 are reacted, the first outlet end c1 of the second three-way valve 305 is closed, the second outlet end c2 is opened, the system heat preservation flow is ended, and the normal operation state is recovered.
The embodiment also provides a vehicle, which comprises the fuel cell low-temperature start control system, and the fuel cell low-temperature start control system can execute the fuel cell low-temperature start control method, so as to realize automatic preheating of the fuel cell 100 and improve the vehicle start rate.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (11)
1. A fuel cell low temperature start control system, characterized by comprising:
A coolant circuit comprising a coolant line (201), a high pressure water pump (202), a first three-way valve (203), a heater (205) and a thermostat (207); the coolant pipeline (201) is arranged on the periphery of the fuel cell (100), and the outlet end of the coolant pipeline (201) is connected with the inlet end of the high-pressure water pump (202); the outlet end of the high-pressure water pump (202) is communicated with the inlet end of the thermostat (207) after passing through the heater (205) through the first three-way valve (203) or is directly communicated with the inlet end of the thermostat (207); an outlet end of the thermostat (207) is communicated with an inlet end of the cooling liquid pipeline (201);
The air loop comprises a heat exchange device (306), an air pipeline (307), a throttle valve (310), a second three-way valve (305), an intercooler (304) and an air compressor (303), wherein the heat exchange device (306) and the air pipeline (307) are connected in parallel and uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fuel cell (100); the high-temperature air of the air compressor (303) flows through the intercooler (304) and is respectively communicated with the inlet end of the heat exchange device (306) and the inlet end of the air pipeline (307) through the second three-way valve (305), and the outlet end of the heat exchange device (306) and the outlet end of the air pipeline (307) are both communicated with the throttle valve (310);
the second three-way valve (305) is a three-way proportional valve.
2. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control system according to claim 1, characterized in that a first temperature sensor (211) is provided between an outlet end of the coolant pipe (201) and the high-pressure water pump (202); and/or
A second temperature sensor (311) is arranged between the first outlet end of the second three-way valve (305) and the inlet end of the heat exchange device (306).
3. The fuel cell low temperature start-up control system according to claim 2, wherein an outlet end of the coolant line (201) communicates with an inlet end of the intercooler (304), and an outlet end of the intercooler (304) communicates with an inlet end of the coolant line (201).
4. A fuel cell low temperature start-up control system according to claim 3, characterized in that a third temperature sensor (213) is provided between the outlet end of the intercooler (304) and the inlet end of the coolant line (201).
5. The fuel cell low temperature start-up control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coolant circuit further includes a warm air core (206), an outlet end of the heater (205) is in communication with an inlet end of the warm air core (206), and an outlet end of the warm air core (206) is in communication with an inlet end of the thermostat (207).
6. A fuel cell low temperature start-up control method using the fuel cell low temperature start-up control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fuel cell low temperature start-up control method includes a fuel cell (100) warm-up method, the fuel cell (100) warm-up method including the steps of:
s1, detecting the outlet temperature T C1 of a cooling liquid pipeline (201) of the fuel cell (100), and judging whether T C1 is not more than the low-temperature starting temperature limit value T 0 of the fuel cell (100); if yes, executing S2, and if not, entering a normal temperature starting mode;
S2, judging whether T C1 is not smaller than a first temperature set value T 1; if not, executing S311;
S311, starting the air compressor (303) at a preset rotating speed, starting the throttle valve (310) at a preset opening degree, and entering a heating mode of the heat exchange device (306); the high-pressure water pump (202) is started at a preset rotating speed and enters a heating mode of the heater (205).
7. The fuel cell low temperature start control method according to claim 6, characterized by further comprising the step of, after step S311:
S312, detecting the outlet temperature T C2 of the coolant pipeline (201) of the fuel cell (100), and judging whether T C2 is not less than a second temperature set value T 2; if yes, then execute S313; if not, executing S311;
s313, the air compressor (303) stops running, the throttle valve (310) is closed, and the heating mode of the heat exchange device (306) is exited.
8. The fuel cell low temperature start control method according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising the step of, after step S313:
S4, exiting the heating mode of the heater (205), and ending the low-temperature starting and warming-up process of the fuel cell (100).
9. The fuel cell low temperature start control method according to claim 8, characterized in that in step S2, it is judged whether T C1 is not less than the first temperature set value T 1; if yes, then execute S321;
S321, starting the high-pressure water pump (202) at a preset rotating speed, and entering a heating mode of the heater (205).
10. The fuel cell low temperature start control method according to claim 9, characterized by further comprising the step of, after step S321:
S322, detecting the outlet temperature T C3 of the cooling liquid pipeline (201) of the fuel cell (100), and judging whether the outlet temperature T C3 is not less than a second temperature set value T 2; if yes, executing S4; if not, S321 is performed.
11. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method includes a fuel cell (100) warm-up method, the fuel cell (100) warm-up method including the steps of:
s100, detecting the outlet temperature T C4 of a cooling liquid pipeline (201) of the fuel cell (100), and judging whether T C4 is not more than a third temperature set value T 3; if yes, executing S200; if not, executing S300;
S200, controlling a second three-way valve (305) to switch the opening degrees of a first outlet end and a second outlet end according to DeltaT=T 3-TC4, starting an air compressor (303), adjusting a throttle valve (310) according to the set opening degree until T C4 is larger than a third temperature set value T 3, and executing S300;
S300, the air compressor (303) resumes normal rotation speed operation, the throttle valve (310) resumes normal opening, the heat exchange device (306) heating mode is exited, and air flows to the throttle valve (310) through an air loop.
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| CN116646555B (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2024-02-02 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system, start control method, and storage medium |
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| DE10337015A1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-17 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Cooling circuit for fuel cell stack has further heat exchanger in cooling circuit carrying gas generator exhaust gas with at least one bypass so at least one of the media flows at least partly past further heat exchanger |
| JP2006147314A (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2006-06-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| JP2008251335A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Warm-up device of fuel cell system |
| CN203690408U (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-07-02 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Joint operation system for low-temperature and medium-high temperature fuel cells |
| CN106229530B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2019-02-22 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells row's hydrogen system that can quickly open at low temperature |
| DE102018214640A1 (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | Nikola Corp. | Cooling system for fuel cell stacks |
| CN209896183U (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-01-03 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell heating system |
| CN110957503B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-04 | 同济大学 | Air heating reflux system for low-temperature starting of fuel cell and control method |
| CN113299949B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-03-21 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell thermal management system with low-temperature cold start function and control method |
| CN114447364A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-06 | 苏州氢澜科技有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start system of fuel cell system and control method thereof |
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