CN114875082B - 一种利用pe废塑料合成微生物油脂的方法和*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用PE废塑料合成微生物油脂的方法,包括:将PE废塑料进行催化热解,获得热解产物;分离得到液态产物、固态产物和气态产物;以液态产物为碳源配置发酵培养基,向所述发酵培养基中接种微生物,所述液态产物经发酵转化为油脂。本发明通过耦合化学解聚和生物转化两种技术实现对PE废塑料的资源化、高值化回收。整个工艺流程可处理混合的聚乙烯废塑料,具有代谢路径简单、实际操作容易、转化过程碳排放低等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于资源回收利用领域,具体涉及一种利用PE废塑料合成微生物油脂的方法和***。
背景技术
碳中和作为一种新兴发展模式,能够推动绿色的生活生产,实现全社会绿色发展。立足碳中和发展,对废弃碳资源,如废塑料进行低碳回收利用,对于解决环境问题和能源问题至关重要。聚乙烯(PE)是全球生产量和使用量最大的塑料种类之一,传统的PE塑料处理方式主要有填埋、焚烧、机械回收等,但这些处理方法都存在CO2排放巨大、资源浪费、降级回收、二次污染等弊端。因此,建立废弃PE塑料资源化、绿色化回收技术,是发展塑料循环经济的重要环节。
利用热解油化技术将PE废塑料通过热解聚转化为燃料油成为近年来的研究热点。然而,塑料热解油化回收策略在经济上的可行性很大程度上取决于石油的价格,油价越低,基于石化产品的塑料相对于再生塑料在价格上就更有竞争力。此外,塑料热解制得的油若作为燃料使用,其最终归宿仍是CO2等温室气体。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的问题,本发明提供一种利用PE废塑料合成微生物油脂的***和方法和***,该方法能将PE废塑料转化为生物可发酵性底物,如烃类物质,再利用生物转化合成生物基产品,对于实现PE塑料资源化、高值化、低碳回收具有重要意义。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种利用PE废塑料合成微生物油脂的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将PE废塑料进行催化热解,获得热解产物;
(2)将步骤(1)获得的热解产物进行分离,得到液态产物、固态产物和气态产物;
(3)以步骤(2)获得的液态产物为碳源配置发酵培养基,向所述发酵培养基中接种微生物,所述液态产物经发酵转化为油脂。
优选的,所述方法还包括燃烧所述固态产物和所述气态产物,燃烧产生的热能为所述催化热解供热。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述的催化热解的催化剂为活性炭、HY分子筛或HZSM-5分子筛。最优选的催化剂为活性炭。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述的催化热解的温度为500℃,时间为30min。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述的催化热解在惰性气体保护下进行,优选为氮气。
优选的,步骤(3)所述的发酵培养基中还含有表面活性剂。
优选的,所述的表面活性剂为鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂或吐温80,更优选为鼠李糖脂。这类表面活性剂可减小发酵水相环境与烃类物质油相间的表面张力,强化产油微生物对烃类物质的摄取与利用。
优选的,所述表面活性剂的浓度为0.5 g/L。
优选的,步骤(3)所述的微生物为解脂耶氏酵母。
优选的,所述的解脂耶氏酵母为用YPD培养基制备的。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述的微生物在所述发酵培养基中的接种量为1%(体积比)。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述的液态产物为唯一碳源。
优选的,步骤(3)还包括将发酵结束的混合物离心收集细胞、过滤、干燥获得含有微生物油脂的干细胞的步骤。
本发明利用产油微生物转化烃类物质合成微生物油脂,具有代谢路径简单——烷烃代谢中间产物脂肪酸直接参与油脂合成、实际操作容易——发酵分离获得富油细胞可直接用于饲料加工、产品价值较高——多不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸、营养因子丰富的全细胞产品等技术优点。
解脂耶氏酵母(Yarrowialipolytica)是一种GRAS认证环境安全的产油酵母菌株,遗传背景清晰,底物谱广,在恶劣条件下具有强大生存能力。解脂耶氏酵母能够转化烃类物质合成微生物油脂。微生物油脂可为饲料加工提供可替代的高品质油料来源,与塑料油相比,油脂细胞经济价值更高,转化过程碳排放低,符合碳中和的建设理念。
本发明利用产油微生物将PE解聚物转化为微生物油脂,涉及的转化方式简单、实际操作容易且产物具有较高价值。此外,本发明使用的产油微生物解脂耶氏酵母为GRAS认证安全菌株,提高了塑料解聚物生物转化过程的安全性,为PE的回收利用提供了一种优势显著的技术路线。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
图中,1是PE废塑料;2是催化热解单元;3是热解产物分离单元;4是副产物燃烧单元;5是余热利用单元;6是发酵单元;7是发酵产物分离单元;8是产物制备单元;9是液态烃;10是气态副产物;11是固态副产物;12是微生物油脂;13是富油细胞;14是热;15是余热;16是电。
图2为实施例1中3种不同催化剂及无催化剂条件下热解得到的PE解聚物中液态烃的组分构成图。
图3为实施例1中解脂耶氏酵母以上述4种PE解聚物中液态烃为唯一碳源发酵的菌株生长与细胞油脂含量对比图。
图4为实施例2中添加不同浓度鼠李糖脂后,解脂耶氏酵母以活性炭催化热解得到的PE解聚物中液态烃为唯一碳源发酵的菌株生长与细胞油脂含量对比图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例将对本发明所提供的方法予以进一步的说明,但本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还应包括在本发明所要求的权利范围内其它任何公知的改变。
实施例1
采用如图1所示的工艺流程:
PE废塑料1经催化热解单元2以及热解产物分离单元3转化为液态烃9、气态副产物10、固态副产物11,之后液态烃9进入发酵单元6转化为微生物油脂12,发酵产物经发酵产物分离单元7转化为富油细胞13,最后进入产品制备单元8进行产品制备。气态副产物10和固态副产物11进入副产物燃烧单元4转化为热14为催化热解单元2供热。催化热解单元2中产生的余热15进入余热利用单元5转化为电16为发酵单元供能。
具体的,采用如下步骤:
(1)化学热解:将PE废塑料粉碎得到粉末,加入管式炉中进行热解,裂解反应升温速率5 ℃/min,反应温度500 ℃,保温30 min,氮气通气速率60 mL/min。反应后得到PE热解产物,包括生物发酵所需的液态烃以及固态副产物和气态副产物。
作为对比,分别在活性炭、HY分子筛和HZSM-5分子筛催化剂条件下进行上述热解反应。
各组取微量液态烃按照1:10的比例溶于二氯甲烷中,使用GC-MS对其进行组分测定。
GC-MS测定结果如图2所示,PE直接热解得到的液态烃组分构成为:饱和烃占39.87%,不饱和烃占45.97 %,其他物质占14.16 %。
活性炭为催化剂时得到的液态烃组分构成为:饱和烃占67.62 %,不饱和烃占6.37%,芳香烃占19.54 %,其他物质占6.47 %。
HY分子筛为催化剂时得到的液态烃组分构成为:饱和烃占76.55 %,不饱和烃占0.25 %,芳香烃占21.70 %,其他物质占1.51 %。
HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂时得到的液态烃组分构成为:饱和烃占16.95 %,不饱和烃占8.25 %,芳香烃占55.05 %,其他物质占19.75 %。
(2)生物发酵:用YPD培养基制备解脂耶氏酵母种子液,并将其按体积比1 %的接种量接种入500 mL装有100 mL以10 g/L液态烃为唯一碳源的发酵培养基的摇瓶中,添加0.5g/L鼠李糖脂,30 ℃,200 r/min振荡培养96 h。发酵过程中每24 h取样测定OD600,并在发酵结束后离心收集菌体细胞用于气相色谱法检测细胞油脂含量。
如图3所示,解脂耶氏酵母在以上述4种不同液态烃为唯一碳源的发酵培养基中均可生长。其中,解脂耶氏酵母对活性炭为催化剂时得到的液态烃利用效果最好,培养96 h后OD600可达到2.503,HY分子筛、HZSM-5分子筛和无催化剂组仅为分别2.012、0.562和1.671;而细胞油脂含量则相差不大,分别为5.5 %、4.9 %、5.1 %和5.2 %。
实施例2
(1)化学催化热解:将PE废塑料粉碎得到粉末,与活性炭以1:2的比例加入管式炉中,其余条件与实施例1相同。
(2)生物发酵:其他与实施例1相同,区别仅在于分别制备鼠李糖脂的添加浓度分别为0 g/L、0.1 g/L、0.2 g/L、0.3 g/L、0.5 g/L和1 g/L的6个不同发酵培养基进行平行实验。
如图4所示,表面活性剂的添加浓度对液态烃的生物转化效率有较大影响。在0-1g/L 的浓度范围内,鼠李糖脂对PE催化热解产物中液态烃生物转化效率的促进作用随浓度增加而增强,而细胞油脂含量则相差不大。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种利用PE废塑料合成微生物油脂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将PE废塑料进行催化热解,获得热解产物;所述催化热解的催化剂为活性炭;所述的催化热解在氮气保护下进行;所述的催化热解的温度为500℃,时间为30min;
(2)将步骤(1)获得的热解产物进行分离,得到液态产物、固态产物和气态产物;
(3)以步骤(2)获得的液态产物为碳源配置发酵培养基,向所述发酵培养基中接种微生物,所述液态产物经发酵转化为油脂;所述的微生物为解脂耶氏酵母;
所述的发酵培养基中还含有表面活性剂,所述的表面活性剂为鼠李糖脂,所述表面活性剂的浓度为0.5 g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括燃烧所述固态产物和所述气态产物,燃烧产生的热能为所述催化热解供热。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的微生物在所述发酵培养基中的接种量为1%。
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