CN114874814A - Biomass pyrolysis gasification device and method based on alkali metal molten salt - Google Patents
Biomass pyrolysis gasification device and method based on alkali metal molten salt Download PDFInfo
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- CN114874814A CN114874814A CN202210536608.0A CN202210536608A CN114874814A CN 114874814 A CN114874814 A CN 114874814A CN 202210536608 A CN202210536608 A CN 202210536608A CN 114874814 A CN114874814 A CN 114874814A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass pyrolysis gasification device and method based on alkali metal molten salt, and the method comprises the following steps: absorbing heat by the alkali metal molten salt to form molten alkali metal molten salt, carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the molten alkali metal molten salt and the treated biomass under the conditions of set temperature and pressure, and generating biomass charcoal by the biomass; or carrying out pyrolysis gasification reaction on the molten alkali metal salt, the treated biomass and the steam under the conditions of set temperature and pressure to generate a gas product and biomass charcoal, and collecting the gas product and the biomass charcoal; filtering and recovering the alkali metal in the molten state after heat release, and performing heat absorption and heat release circulation again; the invention provides a method for circularly treating alkali metal molten salt by using a molten salt circulating system, which can avoid the problems of reduction of gasification efficiency, catalytic failure and the like of the alkali metal molten salt in the circulating use and can further improve the excellent performance of the alkali metal molten salt as a pyrolysis gasification medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass and organic solid waste utilization, and particularly relates to a biomass pyrolysis gasification device and method based on alkali metal molten salt.
Background
With the development of economy and science, human dependence on energy is more and more serious, the most important energy source of human in the past century is non-renewable fossil energy (coal, oil and natural gas), but the human survival is seriously threatened by serious environmental problems caused by the excessive use of the fossil energy, such as acid rain, frequent haze, greenhouse effect, rising of the melting sea level of glaciers and the like. On the other hand, the development of renewable energy is imminent, and various entities are energetically developing renewable energy.
The agricultural wastes store a large amount of biomass resources, and the biomass resources as biomass energy can be used as a unique renewable carbon source and can be used for preparing liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel and synthesis gas (H) 2 And CO) and related chemicals, thereby partially replacing corresponding products in coal chemical and petroleum based industries. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of cities, the treatment of urban solid wastes becomes a difficult problem for limiting the further development of the cities, and the urban solid wastes are also potential available energy sources as a biomass resource. Currently, the main approaches for the conversion and utilization of biomass energy include biochemical conversion and thermochemical conversion, wherein the biomass thermochemical conversion technology includes combustion, pyrolysis and gasification to obtain heat energy, gas, liquid and solid fuels from biomass. Wherein, the gasification can prepare hydrogen on a large scale, and is worthy of intensive research. Gasification means that the biomass is gasified with air, oxygen, water vapor and CO 2 Or their mixture as gasifying agent, and under the condition of 700-900 deg.C the incomplete oxidation can be made, and converted into CO and H 2 、CH 4 Is a process of main combustible gas. The gasification reaction can obtain the biogas with different heat values and different components by selecting different gasifying agents, and the conversion efficiency can reach 70-90%. (disadvantages of the original gasification apparatus)
The molten salt generally refers to a molten liquid of alkali metal inorganic salt, and can be used as a reaction medium, a heat transfer medium and a catalytic medium for biomass thermochemical conversion.
The problems of the prior biomass pyrolysis gasification technology are mainly as follows:
first, the biomass is not uniformly diffused in the gasification furnace, and the biomass is not sufficiently reacted, thereby lowering the gasification efficiency.
Secondly, the conventional gasification method using gas as a gasification agent needs to use a catalyst to carry out catalytic reforming on the gasified gas, so that the gasification efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a biomass pyrolysis gasification device and method based on molten alkali metal salt, wherein the molten alkali metal salt is subjected to circulating treatment by using a molten salt circulating system, so that the problems of low gasification efficiency, catalytic failure and the like of the molten alkali metal salt in circulating use can be avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a biomass pyrolysis gasification device based on alkali metal molten salt comprises a solar photo-thermal system, a molten salt condensing device, a biomass feeding device, a steam generating device, a closed reaction container and a control system, wherein molten salt is used as a heat absorbing and releasing medium in the solar photo-thermal system, medium outlets of the solar photo-thermal system, the biomass feeding device and the steam generating device are connected with an inlet of the closed reaction container, and a gaseous product outlet of the closed reaction container is connected with a hydrogen recovery device; a solid product outlet of the closed reaction container is sequentially connected with a power device and a filtering device, the filtering device is connected with a fused salt condensing device and a biomass charcoal collecting device, a temperature monitoring device and a pressure monitoring device are arranged in the closed reaction container, and the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device are connected with the input end of a control system; the medium outlets of the solar photo-thermal system and the biomass feeding device are respectively provided with a feeding control device, and the output end of the control system is connected with the input end of an execution signal of the feeding control device.
The solar photo-thermal system comprises a heliostat and a heat absorption tower, wherein the heat absorption tower is internally provided with molten salt as a heat exchange medium, the heliostat is used for reflecting sunlight to the heat absorption tower, and the reflected light direction of the heliostat faces the heat absorption tower; an outlet of the molten salt condensing device is communicated with a medium inlet of the heat absorption tower, and a molten salt delivery pump is arranged from the outlet of the molten salt condensing device to the medium inlet of the heat absorption tower.
The closed reaction container adopts a pyrolysis and gasification reaction kettle, and a water gas change tower and a gas impurity removal device are sequentially arranged on a path between a gaseous product outlet of the pyrolysis and gasification reaction kettle and an inlet of the hydrogen recovery device.
The steam generating device is connected with a water storage tank, an outlet of the steam generating device is provided with an electric valve, a temperature transmitter and a pressure transmitter, the temperature transmitter and the pressure transmitter are connected with an input end of a control system, and a signal input end of an actuating mechanism of the electric valve is connected with an output end of the control system.
The molten salt condensing device is also connected with a water collecting device and a tar collecting device.
The pressure of the pyrolysis gasification unit can be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the steam.
And a high-temperature-resistant filter sieve is arranged in the filter device and used for separating solid biomass carbon from liquid molten salt.
The invention also provides a biomass pyrolysis gasification method based on the alkali metal molten salt, the alkali metal molten salt absorbs heat to become molten alkali metal molten salt, the molten alkali metal molten salt and the treated biomass are subjected to pyrolysis reaction under the conditions of set temperature and pressure, and the biomass generates biomass charcoal; or carrying out pyrolysis gasification reaction on the molten alkali metal salt, the treated biomass and the steam under the conditions of set temperature and pressure to generate a gas product and biomass charcoal, and collecting the gas product and the biomass charcoal; filtering and recovering the alkali metal in the molten state after heat release, and performing heat absorption and heat release circulation again; the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 450 +/-50 ℃, the pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa, the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification reaction is 800 +/-50 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa.
According to the biomass pyrolysis gasification method based on the biomass pyrolysis gasification device, the alkali metal molten salt absorbs heat in a solar photo-thermal system to become molten alkali metal molten salt, the molten alkali metal molten salt and the processed biomass enter a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle to perform pyrolysis reaction under the conditions of set temperature and pressure, and the biomass generates biomass charcoal; or the molten alkali metal salt, the treated biomass and the water vapor enter a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle to perform pyrolysis gasification reaction under the conditions of set temperature and pressure to generate a gas product and biomass charcoal, and the gas product enters a hydrogen recovery device to be collected; separating the biomass carbon and the discharged molten alkali metal filter device in the filter device, inputting the biomass carbon into a biomass carbon collecting device, and performing heat absorption and heat release circulation on the discharged molten alkali metal again; and the temperature is monitored in real time by a temperature monitoring device in the pyrolysis reaction or pyrolysis gasification reaction process.
The gas generated by the pyrolysis gasification device is sent into a water gas change tower to convert CO into CO 2 Then the separated hydrogen is sent to a hydrogen collecting device after passing through a gas impurity removing device, and the residual gas component after impurity removal is mainly CO 2 By means of CO 2 And collected by the collection tank 19.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes solar energy and thermal combination biomass as near zero-emission clean energy for hydrogen production, is an environment-friendly hydrogen production device, and can be used as reference for future hydrogen production technology; the invention provides a method for circularly treating alkali metal molten salt by using a molten salt circulating system, which can avoid the problems of reduction of gasification efficiency, catalytic failure and the like of the alkali metal molten salt in the circulating use, can further improve the excellent performance of the alkali metal molten salt as a pyrolysis gasification medium, and has the advantages of pyrolysis of synthesis gas (H) in gas compared with the traditional gas medium by using the alkali metal molten salt as the pyrolysis gasification medium 2 + CO) production and improved gas energy yield; the relative content of phenols and aromatic substances in the biological oil is greatly improved, and the quality of the biological oil is improved; the activation effect is better, and the formation of mesoporous porous carbon by solid coke is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
DrawingsThe system comprises a medium, 1-heliostat, 2-heat absorption tower, 3-molten salt condensing device, 4-filtering device, 5-power device, 6-first control system, 7-biomass charcoal collecting device, 8-temperature monitoring device, 9-pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle, 10-second control system, 11-biomass feeding device, 12-molten salt feeding control device, 13-biomass feeding control device, 14-water storage tank, 15-steam generating device, 16-hydrogen collecting device, 17-gas impurity removing device, 18-water gas change tower, 19-CO 2 And (4) a collection tank.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Since molten salt as a reaction medium for biomass gasification has advantages of high gasification efficiency, high catalytic efficiency, and high hydrogen yield compared to gas as a reaction medium, and no related art on molten salt biomass gasification is currently reported. The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by combining solar photo-thermal energy and biomass gasification, wherein the biomass is used as a fuel, the carbon balance process is adopted, the amount of released carbon dioxide is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed through photosynthesis in the plant growth process, and the net emission amount of the carbon dioxide is approximately zero.
Referring to fig. 1, the biomass pyrolysis gasification device based on alkali metal molten salt provided by the invention comprises a solar photo-thermal system, a molten salt condensing device 3, a biomass feeding device 11, a steam generating device 15, a closed reaction container and a control system 10, wherein molten salt is used as a heat absorption and release medium in the solar photo-thermal system, medium outlets of the solar photo-thermal system, the biomass feeding device 11 and the steam generating device 15 are connected with an inlet of the closed reaction container, and a gaseous product outlet of the closed reaction container is connected with a hydrogen recovery device 16; a solid product outlet of the closed reaction container is sequentially connected with a power device 5 and a filtering device 4, the filtering device 4 is connected with a fused salt condensing device 3 and a biomass charcoal collecting device 7, a temperature monitoring device 8 and a pressure monitoring device are arranged in the closed reaction container, and the temperature monitoring device 8 and the pressure monitoring device are connected with the input end of a control system 10; the medium outlets of the solar photo-thermal system and the biomass feeding device 11 are provided with feeding control devices, and the output end of the control system 10 is connected with the input end of an execution signal of the feeding control device.
The solar photo-thermal system comprises a heliostat 1 and a heat absorption tower 2, the heliostat 1 is responsible for absorbing and refracting sunlight to the heat absorption tower 2, the heat absorption tower 2 absorbs heat and melts alkali metal salt, a fused salt circulating system comprises a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, a power device 5, a filtering device 4, a fused salt condensing device 3 and the heat absorption tower 2, the heat absorption tower 2 is connected with the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, the fused salt is sent into the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, the temperature of the fused salt can be adjusted according to product requirements and the types of raw materials, biomass completes the pyrolysis and charcoal making process in the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, the fused salt containing biomass charcoal is sent into the filtering device 4 by the power device 5 to be filtered out of the biomass charcoal, and then the fused salt is condensed in the fused salt condensing device 3 for standby. At the same time, the molten salt condensing device 3 also absorbs liquid components generated by pyrolysis and gasification, such as tar and water.
When the device is used for gasification, the repeated use of the molten salt can cause the ash content in the molten salt to be too large, thereby influencing the reaction process and reducing the catalytic activity; the molten salt circulation system is periodically used to remove ash during gasification. In addition, the molten salt circulating system filters water and tar generated by pyrolysis and gasification. The biomass pyrolysis gasification system comprises a biomass feeding device 11, a molten salt feeding control device 12, a biomass feeding control device 13, a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9 and a first control system 6; the biomass feeding device 11 is connected with the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, and the biomass feeding control device 13 is arranged on a path from the biomass feeding device 11 to the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9.
When the pyrolysis/gasification process is started, the biomass feeding device 11 starts feeding, and the molten salt feeding control device 13 and the biomass feeding control device 12 are controlled by the second control system 10 to feed according to the set mixing ratio. The water vapor system comprises a water storage tank 14 and a steam generating device 15, and the gasification gas treatment system comprises a water gas change reaction tower 18 and a hydrogen collecting device 16. The gas produced by gasification mainly comprises CO and H 2 After conversion to CO by the water gas shift reaction 2 And H 2 Then H therein is added 2 And CO 2 Stored separately.
In view of the need for good thermal stability of molten salts as pyrolysis/gasification media, the molten alkali metal salts in the present invention use a complex alkali metal carbonate multiple system.
The pyrolysis principle proposed by the invention is as follows:
the solar photo-thermal system starts to work, and the heat absorption tower absorbs solar energy from the heliostats to convert the alkali metal carbonate into a molten state.
The biomass pyrolysis gasification system starts to work, the second control system 10 controls the molten salt feeding control device and the biomass feeding control device to feed materials according to a set mixing ratio, the materials enter the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle to react, meanwhile, the temperature monitoring device starts to operate, measured temperature data are returned to the control system 2, and molten salt is supplemented in real time according to the temperature change of the reaction kettle.
After finishing the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle, the molten salt circulating system and the gasified gas treatment system start to work, the molten salt carrying the biomass carbon enters the filtering device under the pushing of the power system to filter the solid biomass carbon and then enters the molten salt condensing device, and the molten salt is condensed and then enters the heat absorption tower. And the gasified gas treatment system carries out water gas shift reaction on a small amount of gas generated by pyrolysis, removes impurities and then enters the hydrogen storage tank.
The gasification principle provided by the invention is as follows:
the solar photo-thermal system starts to work, and the heat absorption tower absorbs solar energy from the heliostats to convert the alkali metal carbonate into a molten state.
The biomass pyrolysis gasification system starts to work, and the second control system is used for controlling the molten salt feeding control device and the biomass feeding control device to feed materials according to a set mixing ratio and enter the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle to react. The steam supply system starts to work, the water storage tower sends water into the steam generating device, and the generated steam is sent into the pyrolysis reaction kettle. Meanwhile, the temperature monitoring device returns the measured temperature data to the first control system 6, and then the molten salt is supplemented in real time according to the temperature change of the reaction kettle; the first control system 6 and the second control system may be connected to transmit information and instructions to each other.
After the pyrolysis reaction is completed in the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle, the molten salt circulating system and the gasified gas treatment system start to work, the molten salt carrying the residual gasified biomass carbon enters the filtering device under the pushing of the power system to filter the solid biomass carbon and then enters the molten salt condensing device, and the molten salt is condensed and then enters the heat absorption tower. And the gasified gas treatment system leads the gas generated by gasification to enter a hydrogen storage tank after the gas is subjected to water gas change reaction and impurity removal.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a biomass pyrolysis gasification device based on alkali metal molten salt, which comprises a heliostat 1, a heat absorption tower 2, a molten salt condensing device 3, a filtering device 4, a power device 5, a first control system 6, a biomass charcoal collecting device 7, a temperature monitoring deviceThe device 8, the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, a second control system 10, a biomass feeding device 11, a biomass feeding control device 12, a molten salt feeding control device 13, a water storage tank 14, a steam generation device 15, a hydrogen collecting device 16, a gas impurity removal device 17, a water gas change tower 18 and CO 2 A collection tank 19; the pyrolysis gasification device uses the alkali metal molten salt as a pyrolysis/gasification medium to directly contact with biomass, the gasification efficiency and the catalytic effect are obvious, but the continuous accumulation of products such as ash, water, tar and the like generated in the pyrolysis gasification process can reduce the reaction activity of the liquid molten salt, so a molten salt circulating system is designed to ensure the purity of a liquid molten salt system and ensure the pyrolysis gasification reaction. The alkali metal salt is changed into a molten state through the heat absorption tower 2, then is mixed with biomass from the biomass feed control device 12 through the molten salt feed control device 13, enters the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9 for pyrolysis/gasification reaction, enters the filtering device 4 under the pushing of the power device 5, filters biomass carbon generated by pyrolysis/gasification through the high-temperature resistant filtering sieve, enters the molten salt condensing device 3 for condensation to remove liquid tar and water generated by pyrolysis/gasification, and then enters the heat absorption tower 2 again; signal input ends of the biomass feeding control device 12 and the molten salt feeding control device 13 are connected with an output end of the second control system 10.
The pyrolysis gasification device uses the heliostat 1 and the heat absorption tower 2 to form a solar photo-thermal system to provide a heat source, the first control system 6 receives temperature information in the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9 fed back by the temperature monitoring device 8 and directly adjusts the angle of the heliostat to change the heating temperature of the heat absorption tower, and meanwhile, the fused salt supply is controlled, so that a temperature-controllable photo-thermal system can be adopted.
The alkali metal molten salt used by the pyrolysis gasification device is a composite system alkali metal salt, and has strong thermal stability and good catalytic effect; the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis gasification device is 450 +/-50 ℃, the gasification temperature is 800 +/-50 ℃, the temperature information in the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9 obtained by the temperature monitoring device 8 is fed back to the first control system 6 for temperature regulation, and the first control system 6 controls the heat absorption tower to adjust the temperature of the molten salt so as to regulate the reaction temperature in the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9 in real time.
The working pressure of the pyrolysis gasification device can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the steam.
The main components of the gas generated by the pyrolysis gasification device are CO and H 2 The produced gas is sent to a water gas shift tower 18 and is converted into CO after the water gas shift reaction 2 And H 2 Then the hydrogen is sent to a 16 hydrogen collecting device after passing through a gas impurity removing device 17.
The pyrolysis gasification device stops working when being used for the function of making charcoal by pyrolysis, and the steam generation device 15 starts working when the pyrolysis gasification device is switched to the gasification function.
A novel biomass/organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification method based on alkali metal molten salt is characterized in that alkali metal salt is converted into molten salt after absorbing heat energy from a heliostat 1 in a heat absorption tower 2, the molten salt is mixed with biomass from a biomass feeding control device 12 by a molten salt feeding control device 13 under the control of a second control system 10 according to a set mixing ratio and then enters a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9 for pyrolysis/gasification reaction, meanwhile, water supplied to a water storage tank 14 enters a steam generation device 15 to generate steam and enters the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle 9, the molten salt mixture after the reaction is driven by a power device 5 to enter a filtering device 4 to filter generated biomass carbon and then enter a molten salt condensing device 3 to remove tar and water in the molten salt mixture, the alkali metal salt enters the heat absorption tower 2 again, gas generated by the pyrolysis/gasification reaction enters a water gas change tower 18 to perform water gas change reaction and then enters a gas impurity removal device 17, the hydrogen after impurity removal enters a hydrogen collecting device 16 for storage, and the generated CO2 passes through CO 2 The collection tank 19 collects.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a biomass pyrolysis gasification equipment based on alkali metal fused salt which characterized in that: the system comprises a solar photo-thermal system, a fused salt condensing device (3), a biomass feeding device (11), a steam generating device (15), a closed reaction container and a control system (10), wherein fused salt is used as a heat absorbing and releasing medium in the solar photo-thermal system, medium outlets of the solar photo-thermal system, the biomass feeding device (11) and the steam generating device (15) are connected with an inlet of the closed reaction container, and a gaseous product outlet of the closed reaction container is connected with a hydrogen recovery device (16); a solid product outlet of the closed reaction container is sequentially connected with a power device (5) and a filtering device (4), the filtering device (4) is connected with a fused salt condensing device (3) and a biomass charcoal collecting device (7), a temperature monitoring device (8) and a pressure monitoring device are arranged in the closed reaction container, and the temperature monitoring device (8) and the pressure monitoring device are connected with an input end of a control system (10); the medium outlets of the solar photo-thermal system and the biomass feeding device (11) are respectively provided with a feeding control device, and the output end of the control system (10) is connected with the input end of an execution signal of the feeding control device.
2. The apparatus for pyrolysis gasification of biomass based on molten alkali metal salt according to claim 1, wherein: the solar photo-thermal system comprises a heliostat (1) and a heat absorption tower (2), wherein molten salt is arranged in the heat absorption tower (2) and is used as a heat exchange medium, the heliostat (1) is used for reflecting sunlight to the heat absorption tower, and the reflected light direction of the heliostat (1) faces to the heat absorption tower (2); an outlet of the molten salt condensing device (3) is communicated with a medium inlet of the heat absorption tower (2), and a molten salt delivery pump is arranged from the outlet of the molten salt condensing device (3) to the medium inlet of the heat absorption tower (2).
3. The apparatus for pyrolysis gasification of biomass based on molten alkali metal salt according to claim 1, wherein: a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle (9) is adopted as a closed reaction container, and a water gas change tower (18) and a gas impurity removal device (17) are sequentially arranged on a path between a gaseous product outlet of the pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle (9) and an inlet of a hydrogen recovery device (16).
4. The apparatus for pyrolysis gasification of biomass based on molten alkali metal salt according to claim 1, wherein: the steam generating device (15) is connected with a water storage tank (14), an outlet of the steam generating device (15) is provided with an electric valve, a temperature transmitter and a pressure transmitter, the temperature transmitter and the pressure transmitter are connected with an input end of the control system (10), and a signal input end of an actuating mechanism of the electric valve is connected with an output end of the control system (10).
5. The apparatus for pyrolysis gasification of biomass based on molten alkali metal salt according to claim 1, wherein: the molten salt condensing device (3) is also connected with a water collecting device and a tar collecting device.
6. The apparatus for pyrolysis gasification of biomass based on molten alkali metal salt according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure of the pyrolysis gasification unit is adjusted by changing the flow rate of the steam.
7. The apparatus for pyrolysis gasification of biomass based on molten alkali metal salt according to claim 1, wherein: and a high-temperature-resistant filter sieve is arranged in the filtering device (4) and is used for separating solid biomass carbon from liquid molten salt.
8. A biomass pyrolysis gasification method based on alkali metal molten salt is characterized in that: absorbing heat by the alkali metal molten salt to form molten alkali metal molten salt, carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the molten alkali metal molten salt and the treated biomass under the conditions of set temperature and pressure, and generating biomass charcoal by the biomass; or carrying out pyrolysis gasification reaction on the molten alkali metal salt, the treated biomass and the steam under the conditions of set temperature and pressure to generate a gas product and biomass charcoal, and collecting the gas product and the biomass charcoal; filtering and recovering the alkali metal in the molten state after heat release, and performing heat absorption and heat release circulation again; the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 450 +/-50 ℃, the pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa, the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification reaction is 800 +/-50 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa.
9. The biomass pyrolysis gasification process of claim 8, characterized in that: the biomass pyrolysis gasification device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the alkali metal molten salt absorbs heat in a solar photo-thermal system to form molten alkali metal molten salt, the molten alkali metal molten salt and the treated biomass enter a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle (9) to perform pyrolysis reaction under the set temperature and pressure conditions, and the biomass generates biomass charcoal; or the molten alkali metal salt, the treated biomass and the water vapor enter a pyrolysis gasification reaction kettle (9) to carry out pyrolysis gasification reaction under the conditions of set temperature and pressure to generate a gas product and biomass charcoal, and the gas product enters a hydrogen recovery device (16) to be collected; separating the biomass charcoal and the discharged molten alkali metal filter device (4) in the filter device, inputting the biomass charcoal into a biomass charcoal collecting device (7), and performing heat absorption and heat release circulation on the discharged molten alkali metal again; the temperature is monitored in real time by a temperature monitoring device (8) in the process of pyrolysis reaction or pyrolysis gasification reaction.
10. The biomass pyrolysis gasification process of claim 9, characterized in that: the gas generated by the pyrolysis gasification device is sent to a water gas change tower (18) to convert CO into CO 2 Then the separated hydrogen is sent to a hydrogen collecting device (16) after passing through a gas impurity removing device (17), and the residual gas component after impurity removal is mainly CO 2 By means of CO 2 The collection tank (19) collects the waste water.
Priority Applications (1)
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