CN114873889A - Ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement - Google Patents
Ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement, which comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out dry-wet separation operation on the livestock and poultry excrement to obtain dry excrement and excrement liquid; s2, feeding the excrement liquid into a biogas digester for reaction and fermentation to obtain biogas slurry; s3, processing the dry excrement into biochar particles; s4, constructing an artificial wetland matrix by using the biochar particles; s5, planting wormwood on the artificial wetland substrate; s6, allowing the biogas slurry to flow through the artificial wetland substrate to reach the discharge or agricultural irrigation standard. According to the invention, by the technology of combining the artificial wetland substrate and the wormwood cultivation, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the biogas slurry are adsorbed and precipitated by utilizing the characteristics of the artificial wetland substrate and the growth characteristics of the wormwood, and the biochar in the artificial wetland substrate can be prepared from dry excrement, so that the technical effect of simultaneously treating the dry excrement and the excrement liquid can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecology, in particular to an ecological purification method for livestock and poultry excrement.
Background
Since 1991, meat yield and total egg yield of China stably live in the world first, and animal husbandry is the backbone industry of the national civilians. With the development of animal husbandry, the excrement of livestock and poultry feces becomes the largest source of agricultural non-point source pollution in China, the agricultural non-point source pollution accounts for 1/3 of all water body pollution in China, and nearly half of underground water is polluted, so that the treatment of the breeding feces seriously restricts the development of livestock and poultry breeding. There is an urgent need to develop a livestock and poultry excrement treatment technology to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide an ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement, which is simple to operate and reduces agricultural pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out dry-wet separation operation on the livestock and poultry excrement to obtain dry excrement and excrement liquid;
s2, feeding the excrement liquid into a biogas digester for reaction and fermentation to obtain biogas slurry;
s3, processing the dry excrement into biochar particles;
s4, constructing an artificial wetland matrix by using the biochar particles;
s5, planting wormwood on the artificial wetland substrate;
s6, allowing the biogas slurry to flow through the artificial wetland substrate to reach the discharge or agricultural irrigation standard.
Further, in step S4, the artificial wetland substrate is formed by sequentially laying a coal cinder layer, a gravel layer, a charcoal layer, a coarse sand cover layer and a soil layer from bottom to top.
Furthermore, the thickness of the cinder layer is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the gravel layer is 10-20 cm, the thickness of the charcoal layer is 40-50 cm, the thickness of the coarse sand covering layer is 0.5cm, and the thickness of the soil layer is 25-30 cm.
Further, the gravel layer is composed of gravel particles, and the particle size of the gravel particles is 0.5-2 cm; the biochar layer is composed of biochar particles, and the particle size of the biochar particles is 2 mm; the coarse sand covering layer is composed of coarse and fine sand particles, and the particle size of the coarse and fine sand particles is 0.1-0.2 cm; the soil layer is composed of soil particles, and the particle size of the soil particles is 2-5 mm.
Furthermore, a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline are arranged on the artificial wetland substrate, the water inlet pipeline is arranged between the soil layer and the coarse sand covering layer, and the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom end of the coal cinder layer.
Further, in the step S5, the wormwood is planted at the upper end of the soil layer, 12 wormwood are planted in each square meter at equal intervals, and the planting depth of the wormwood is 5-8 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the invention, by the technology of combining the artificial wetland substrate and the wormwood cultivation, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the biogas slurry are adsorbed and precipitated by utilizing the characteristics of the artificial wetland substrate and the growth characteristics of the wormwood, and the biochar in the artificial wetland substrate can be prepared by processing dry excrement, so that the technical effect of simultaneously treating the dry excrement and the excrement liquid can be achieved; the whole operation is convenient and quick, the cultivation excrement can be eliminated in a short time and a small land space, and the purification efficiency of the livestock excrement is improved; on the other hand, the operation of planting the wormwood on the artificial wetland substrate can purify the biogas slurry and simultaneously improve the growth quality and the growth yield of the wormwood, thereby making a certain contribution to the planting and development of the wormwood.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the planting effect of the artificial wetland substrate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived from the embodiments of the present invention by a person skilled in the art without any creative effort, should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment discloses an ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out dry-wet separation operation on the livestock and poultry excrement to obtain dry excrement and excrement liquid;
s2, feeding the excrement liquid into a biogas digester for reaction and fermentation to obtain biogas slurry;
s3, processing the dry excrement into biochar particles;
s4, constructing an artificial wetland matrix by using the biochar particles;
the artificial wetland substrate is formed by sequentially laying a coal cinder layer, a gravel layer, a charcoal layer, a coarse sand covering layer and a soil layer from bottom to top; the thickness of the cinder layer is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the gravel layer is 10-20 cm, the thickness of the charcoal layer is 40-50 cm, the thickness of the coarse sand covering layer is 0.5cm, and the thickness of the soil layer is 25-30 cm; the gravel layer is composed of gravel particles, and the particle size of the gravel particles is 0.5-2 cm; the biochar layer is composed of biochar particles, and the particle size of the biochar particles is 2 mm; the coarse sand covering layer is composed of coarse and fine sand particles, and the particle size of the coarse and fine sand particles is 0.1-0.2 cm; the soil layer is composed of soil particles, and the particle size of the soil particles is 2-5 mm.
The artificial wetland substrate is provided with a water inlet pipeline for introducing biogas slurry and a water outlet pipeline for flowing out biogas slurry, the water inlet pipeline is arranged between the soil layer and the coarse sand covering layer, and the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom end of the coal cinder layer;
s5, planting wormwood on the artificial wetland substrate; the wormwood is planted at the upper end of the soil layer, 12 wormwood are planted in each square meter at equal intervals, and the planting depth of the wormwood is 5-8 cm;
s6, enabling the biogas slurry to flow through the artificial wetland substrate through the water inlet pipeline and then flow out of the water outlet pipeline, wherein the outflow biogas slurry can reach the discharge or agricultural irrigation standard.
In different depth treatment modes, the constructed wetland has the advantages of good decontamination effect, strong impact load resistance, low investment, high ecological landscape value and the like, and is widely applied to livestock and poultry breeding wastewater treatment. In particular, the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland has the advantages of high heat preservation and pollution removal efficiency, relatively low cost and the like, and is favored. Factors influencing the treatment effect of the artificial wetland are complex, and the concentration of biogas slurry, the characteristics of the substrate and the species of wetland plants influence the removal rate of pollutants in the wastewater by the artificial wetland.
The plants play an important role in purifying sewage, are an important component of an artificial wetland ecosystem and have good landscape effect and ecological effect. The plants can directly absorb the organic matters in the sewage and provide nutrients for the growth and development of the plants, so that the types and the concentration of pollutants in the sewage are reduced. The reasonable configuration of the plants can also beautify the environment. 90% of oxygen generated by photosynthesis of wetland plant leaves is conveyed to a root zone through a plant air passage, an oxidation-state microenvironment is formed in a reduction-state medium of the plant root zone in a matrix bed, the microenvironment of the root zone is changed, an aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic environment is provided for wetland system microorganisms, and suspended matters can be filtered and intercepted by a plant root system. Therefore, the local dominant valuable plants are selected, the characteristics of being suitable for the artificial wetland are achieved, the planting benefit is maximized, and the enthusiasm of enterprises and farmers can be adjusted to carry out large-area commercial popularization.
Artemisia argyi (Artemisia argyi), also known as Artemisia argyi and Artemisia alba, is a perennial herb of Artemisia of Compositae with strong special fragrance, is one of the common Chinese medicinal materials in clinic, and has para-cycloThe environment adaptability is strong, the traditional Chinese medicine is a large amount of common medicinal materials in China, the production areas are extremely wide in distribution, and the traditional Chinese medicine is almost spread across the whole country except extremely arid and alpine regions. However, there is a fresh study on the relationship between wormwood and cultivation sewage at present. Research shows that when the soil moisture is sufficient, the contents of effective components such as wormwood flavone, tannin, organic acid and the like can be obviously improved, and the quality and the yield of the folium artemisiae argyi medicinal material are integrally improved; meanwhile, the growth adaptability and the pollution resistance and control capacity of the wormwood under the flooding condition are strong. The optimal nitrogen fertilizer (urea) and phosphate fertilizer dosage is 108-135 kg/hm respectively during the planting of the wormwood 2 And 270-315 kg/hm 2 The mugwort has strong capability of absorbing N and P, and provides conditions for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the biogas slurry.
The nitrogen mainly exists in two forms of organic nitrogen (protein, amino acid and the like) and inorganic nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen) in the sewage, and the nitrogen in the artificial wetland is mainly removed through the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms. Through research, nitrogen in the biogas slurry in the pig farm mainly exists in the form of ammonia nitrogen, the proportion of the nitrogen occupying the total nitrogen is up to more than 90%, and the nitrogen can be absorbed by the wormwood.
The removal of phosphorus by the artificial wetland is mainly completed by the combined action of plant absorption, microbial absorption and assimilation, substrate absorption, solid particle precipitation and the like. Therefore, the selection of proper matrix is a key measure for building an artificial wetland system and improving the purification capacity of the artificial wetland. The most widely used artificial wetland substrates at home and abroad comprise stones, sand, limestone, coal slag, activated carbon, ceramic filter materials and the like. Biochar (BC) is a pyrolysis-derived organic material that is effective in removing nutrient salts and heavy metals from water. The biochar mixed matrix layered artificial wetland structure can avoid short flow, and layered filling can ensure that hydraulic load and pollution load are uniformly distributed in the artificial wetland, so that the functions of each layer of filler and adsorbed biological membrane are effectively exerted, and the removal efficiency of organic matters is improved; meanwhile, the pores on the surface of the biochar are distributed in a disordered manner, so that the surface roughness is increased, and the pores can be brought into full play, thereby improving the adsorption performance.
Experimental study: the removal rate of N, P, COD, BOD and other substances in the biogas slurry by the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is simulated through mugwort and pig manure biochar.
The experimental conditions were as follows: the construction is carried out by using 15mm thick organic glass, and the planting effect is shown in figure 1. The size of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is 0.9m multiplied by 0.4m multiplied by 0.8m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the gradient of the bottom of the pool is 2 percent, a cinder layer, a gravel layer, pig manure biochar, coarse sand and a soil covering layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the thickness of the cinder layer is 5-10 cm; the thickness of the gravel layer is 10-20 cm, and the particle size of the gravel is 5-20 mm; the thickness of the biochar layer is 40-50 cm, and the particle size of the biochar particles of the pig manure is about 2mm after washing; the thickness of the coarse sand covering layer is about 5mm, and the coarse sand covering layer is composed of coarse sand and coarse sand with the particle size of 1-2 mm to prevent the charcoal from floating; the thickness of a soil layer is 25-30 cm (soil is cultivated and combined near a cultivation farm, the particle size is 2-5 mm), thick and strong rhizome artemisia argyi leaves are selected, the planting depth is 5-8 cm, 12-hole cultivation is carried out every square meter, biogas slurry is taken back from the pig farm and continuously enters the horizontal subsurface wetland through a water storage barrel and a peristaltic pump, the water inlet load is 0.05m 3 d -1 The water inlet level is arranged at the bottom of the soil layer, the water outlet level is arranged below the cinder layer, sampling is carried out for 2 times per month during the test period, water samples of the water inlet and the water outlet are collected according to the process flow, 2 bottles of water samples are collected at each sampling port (evenly mixed during detection), and the water samples are sent to a laboratory for detecting COD (chemical oxygen demand) Cr Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended matters and the like.
Water sample analysis was performed according to "Water and wastewater detection and analysis method", and parallel samples were prepared, in which COD was Cr Measured by a COD rapid tester according to the Water quality chemical oxygen demand dichromate method, TP and NH 4 + -N、NO 3 - -N, TN was measured with a flow injection analyser and the pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, temperature were measured with a hashed multiparameter LS 1000. BOD is measured by a BOD rapid measuring instrument of a microbiological sensor rapid measuring method HJ/T86-2002, the roots of the wormwood and the stems and leaves of the overground part are washed clean by tap water, distilled water and deionized water respectively, then are dewatered by absorbent paper, are de-enzymed for 30 minutes at 105 ℃, are dried to constant weight, and are subjected to biomass and quality detection, and detection indexes mainly comprise plant height, yield, root length, active substance volatile oil, total flavonoids and the like. The experiment was carried out for 3 months. Combined countryThe evaluation of treatment effect is carried out in the discharge standards of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry, the quality standards of farmland irrigation water, the technical specifications of constructed wetland sewage treatment engineering and the Chinese pharmacopoeia.
And (3) experimental operation: the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is divided into three treatment experiments (A, B and C). A is a control CK, and the reed is planted without biochar; b, planting wormwood without adding biochar; c, adding pig manure biochar and planting wormwood; the experimental area of each treatment was 392m 2 (28 m long, 14 m wide and 1.5 m high), 4700 holes are planted in the wormwood, each unit is isolated by brick-concrete cement, and a PE impermeable membrane with the thickness of 1.0mm is paved at the bottom of the wetland. In three treatment experiments, all inlet pipes were pumped with water 8 a day in the morning: 00 in 2 hours (30 m) 3 ) The water outlet speed is 3.75m 3 h -1 For a total of 8 hours, and the hydraulic retention time was adjusted by inlet and outlet valves, the flow meter monitoring ensured that each treatment experiment was the same. Taking a plurality of biogas slurry from the inlet and outlet of the artificial wetland at 1 st, 7 th, 21 st, 45 th, 90 th and 180 th day in 1 st hour, and detecting pH, dissolved oxygen, conductance, TP, TN and NH 4 + -N、NO 3 - The contents of N, COD and BOD in the biogas slurry.
According to the absorption amount of wormwood to nitrogen and phosphorus, at least 5.3106mg of nitrogen and 1.2107mg of phosphorus can be absorbed by planting wormwood in one season in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, and the content of liquid nitrogen and phosphorus in the biogas is 147.1mgL according to the actual measurement of a pig farm -1 And 9.8mgL -1 Calculated by the minimum consumption, the biogas slurry can be equivalent to 3.6104L biogas slurry, 4-8L of sewage is consumed by each pig every day, 8L of sewage is calculated by the maximum every day, 180 days are calculated by each pig in half a year of slaughtering, one constructed wetland can consume at least 25 pigs of sewage, and as nitrogen and phosphorus are not required to be completely removed when crops are irrigated, and the substrate biochar, the soil layer and microorganisms in the constructed wetland are also consumed, the cost of the constructed wetland is low, and meanwhile, the multistage artificial wetland can be connected in series and parallel to achieve large-scale cultivation sewage treatment; the experimental analysis confirms that after the biogas slurry passes through the multi-stage artificial wetland, COD, BOD, N and P are reduced by more than 65 percent, the yield of the wormwood is increased by more than 15 percent, and the problems of polluting surface water and land are solvedThe problem of sewage and soil pollution realizes planting and breeding combination and maintains the healthy development of the breeding industry.
According to the invention, by the technology of combining the artificial wetland substrate and the wormwood cultivation, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the biogas slurry are adsorbed and precipitated by utilizing the characteristics of the artificial wetland substrate and the growth characteristics of the wormwood, and the biochar in the artificial wetland substrate can be prepared by processing dry excrement, so that the technical effect of simultaneously treating the dry excrement and the excrement liquid can be achieved; the whole operation is convenient and quick, the cultivation excrement can be eliminated in a short time and a small land space, and the purification efficiency of the livestock excrement is improved; on the other hand, the operation of planting the wormwood on the artificial wetland substrate can purify the biogas slurry and simultaneously improve the growth quality and the growth yield of the wormwood, has great advantages for farmers, and has great popularization and application prospects in the situation that ecological environmental protection is increasingly emphasized nowadays.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out dry-wet separation operation on the livestock and poultry excrement to obtain dry excrement and excrement liquid;
s2, feeding the excrement liquid into a biogas digester for reaction and fermentation to obtain biogas slurry;
s3, processing the dry excrement into biochar particles;
s4, constructing an artificial wetland matrix by using the biochar particles;
s5, planting wormwood on the artificial wetland substrate;
s6, allowing the biogas slurry to flow through the artificial wetland substrate to reach the discharge or agricultural irrigation standard.
2. The ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological purification method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the artificial wetland substrate is formed by sequentially paving a coal cinder layer, a gravel layer, a charcoal layer, a coarse sand covering layer and a soil layer from bottom to top.
3. The ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the cinder layer is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the gravel layer is 10-20 cm, the thickness of the charcoal layer is 40-50 cm, the thickness of the coarse sand covering layer is 0.5cm, and the thickness of the soil layer is 25-30 cm.
4. The ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ecological purification method comprises the following steps: the gravel layer is composed of gravel particles, and the particle size of the gravel particles is 0.5-2 cm; the biochar layer is composed of biochar particles, and the particle size of the biochar particles is 2 mm; the coarse sand covering layer is composed of coarse and fine sand particles, and the particle size of the coarse and fine sand particles is 0.1-0.2 cm; the soil layer is composed of soil particles, and the particle size of the soil particles is 2-5 mm.
5. The ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ecological purification method comprises the following steps: the artificial wetland substrate is provided with a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline is arranged between the soil layer and the coarse sand covering layer, and the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom end of the coal cinder layer.
6. The ecological purification method of livestock and poultry excrement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ecological purification method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the wormwood is planted at the upper end of the soil layer, 12 wormwood are planted in each square meter at equal intervals, and the planting depth of the wormwood is 5-8 cm.
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