CN114871244A - Fly ash and acidic wastewater co-processing system and method - Google Patents
Fly ash and acidic wastewater co-processing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114871244A CN114871244A CN202210289855.5A CN202210289855A CN114871244A CN 114871244 A CN114871244 A CN 114871244A CN 202210289855 A CN202210289855 A CN 202210289855A CN 114871244 A CN114871244 A CN 114871244A
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste disposal, in particular to a system and a method for co-disposing fly ash and acidic wastewater, which comprises the following steps: the fly ash bin is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet; the screening and crushing device is connected with a discharge port of the fly ash bin; the pulping premixing equipment is connected with the screening and crushing device and the pretreated acidic wastewater; the primary washing filtering equipment is connected with the pulping premixing equipment, and primary washing treatment and primary filtering treatment are carried out on the mixed material by using the pretreated acidic wastewater in the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance; the water treatment equipment is connected with the primary washing and filtering equipment; the secondary washing filtering equipment is connected with the primary washing filtering equipment and the acidic wastewater storage equipment, and secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment are carried out on the primary solid-phase substance by using the acidic wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance; and the drying storage equipment is connected with the secondary washing filtering equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste disposal, in particular to a system and a method for co-disposing fly ash and acidic wastewater.
Background
The fly ash is a powder substance which is collected in a flue gas pipeline, a flue gas purification device, a separator, a dust remover device and the like in the waste incineration process and has light volume weight and fine particle size. In the waste incineration power generation project, the fly ash treatment cost can account for more than 20% of the total cost. The fly ash yield in the waste incineration process accounts for 3-5% of the amount of the incinerated waste. The fly ash has complex components and high toxicity and is a national specified hazardous waste (code HW 18). The fly ash contains CaO and SiO2 as main components, and also contains Cl, Na, K alkali metal and other elements. The mass fraction of chloride in the fly ash exceeds 20%, and the fly ash also contains heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn and the like, wherein the leaching of elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn and the like exceeds the standard. Is a highly hazardous solid waste.
Acidic wastewater refers to wastewater containing a certain acid and having a pH value of less than 6. In general, acidic wastewater contains not only a certain acid but also harmful substances such as heavy metal ions and salts thereof. The acid wastewater has wide sources and is mainly discharged in the production processes of mine drainage, hydrometallurgy, steel rolling, surface acid treatment of steel and nonferrous metals, chemical industry, acid making, pharmacy, dye, electrolysis, electroplating, artificial fiber and other industrial departments. The most common acidic wastewater is sulfuric acid wastewater, followed by hydrochloric acid and nitric acid wastewater.
In the prior art scheme, the utilization and disposal of fly ash are divided into two modes of landfill and resource utilization. Landfill is the traditional method of fly ash disposal, and acid-base neutralization precipitation is an effective method for the treatment of acid wastewater which is difficult to recycle. The alkaline neutralizing agent is added into the acidic wastewater to improve the pH value and neutralize the acidic water quality, so that the dissolved metal ions form insoluble hydroxide in a high pH value environment and precipitate from the acidic wastewater, and the aim of simultaneously treating the acidic water and the high metal ions is fulfilled. The more commonly used alkaline neutralizing agents comprise CaO, NaOH, CaCO3, Na2CO3 and the like, the two dangerous waste treatment modes of fly ash and acidic wastewater in the traditional method are separated treatment, the two dangerous waste treatment modes cannot realize the cooperative treatment of the fly ash and the acidic wastewater, the consumption of lime in the process of mixing the fly ash with the acidic wastewater is large, the fly ash reduction treatment is not facilitated, the rigid landfill treatment pressure can be relieved, and the traditional rigid landfill treatment pressure is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention also aims to provide a system and a method for the cooperative treatment of fly ash and acidic wastewater, which solve the technical problems;
a fly ash and sour wastewater co-disposal system comprising:
the fly ash bin is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, and the feed inlet is connected with an external fly ash conveying device and used for storing fly ash;
the screening and crushing device is connected with the discharge port of the fly ash bin and is used for crushing the fly ash to obtain crushed fly ash;
the pulping premixing equipment is connected with the screening and crushing device and the pretreated acidic wastewater, and the fly ash after crushing treatment and the pretreated acidic wastewater are mixed to obtain a mixed material;
the primary washing filtering equipment is connected with the pulping premixing equipment, and primary washing treatment and primary filtering treatment are carried out on the mixed material by using the pretreated acidic wastewater in the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance;
the water treatment equipment is connected with the primary water washing and filtering equipment and is used for purifying the primary liquid phase substance;
the secondary washing filtering equipment is connected with the primary washing filtering equipment and external acid wastewater storage equipment for providing acid wastewater, and secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment are carried out on the primary solid-phase substance by using the acid wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance, wherein the secondary liquid-phase substance is used as the pretreated acid wastewater;
and the drying and storing equipment is connected with the secondary washing and filtering equipment and is used for drying, storing and processing the secondary solid-phase substance.
Preferably, the primary water washing filtering device comprises:
the primary water washing device is connected with the pulping premixing equipment;
the primary filtering device is connected with the primary washing device;
and the sand filtration microfiltration device is connected with the primary filtration device and the water treatment equipment.
Preferably, wherein the two-stage water washing filtering device comprises:
the secondary water washing device is connected with the acidic wastewater storage equipment and the primary water washing device;
and the secondary filtering device is connected with the secondary washing device and the drying and storing equipment.
Preferably, wherein the water treatment apparatus comprises:
the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device is connected with the sand filtration microfiltration device;
the flocculation coagulation device is connected with the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device;
the heavy metal catching device is connected with the flocculation coagulation device;
the purification and filtration device is connected with the heavy metal capture device;
and the evaporative crystallization device is connected with the purification and filtration device.
Preferably, wherein the drying storage apparatus includes:
a mixer for receiving the secondary solid phase by a conveyor;
a granulator connected to the mixer;
the dryer is connected with the granulator;
the pulverizer is connected with the dryer;
and the finished product storage bin is connected with the pulverizer and the mixer.
Preferably, the secondary filtering device is connected with the pulping premixing equipment through an intermediate water tank, and the intermediate water tank stores the secondary liquid phase and is communicated with the pulping premixing equipment.
A fly ash and acidic wastewater co-processing method is applied to the co-processing system and comprises the following steps:
step S1, the screening and crushing device crushes the fly ash in the fly ash bin to obtain the crushed fly ash;
step S2, the pulping premixing equipment stirs and mixes the crushed fly ash and the secondary liquid phase to obtain the mixed material;
step S3, the primary washing and filtering equipment carries out primary washing and primary filtering on the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance;
step S4, the secondary washing and filtering equipment carries out secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment on the primary solid-phase substance through the acidic wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance;
step S5, the water treatment equipment carries out purification treatment on the primary liquid phase;
and step S6, the drying storage equipment dries the secondary solid-phase object and stores the secondary solid-phase object to the finished product storage bin.
Preferably, step S3 includes:
step S31, introducing the mixed material into a primary water washing device, and setting the retention time;
step S32, the primary filtering device carries out solid-liquid separation on the mixed material to obtain a primary initial solid phase substance and a primary initial liquid phase substance, and the primary initial liquid phase substance is introduced into the sand filtration microfiltration device;
step S33, separating the tiny particles in the primary initial liquid phase by the sand filtration microfiltration device to obtain a primary liquid phase and a primary sludge, and introducing the primary liquid phase into the water treatment equipment;
and step S34, mixing the primary sludge matter and the primary initial solid matter to obtain the primary solid matter, and conveying the primary solid matter to the secondary washing device.
Preferably, step S4 includes:
step S41, introducing the acidic wastewater into the secondary washing device to carry out secondary washing treatment on the primary solid-phase substance to obtain a secondary washing mixed material, and conveying the secondary washing mixed material to the secondary filtering device;
step S42, the secondary filtering device carries out solid-liquid separation on the secondary washing mixed material, collects solid-phase substances as the secondary solid-phase substances, and conveys the secondary solid-phase substances to the drying and storing equipment;
and step S43, collecting the residual liquid phase substance in the secondary water washing mixed material as the secondary liquid phase substance, and introducing the secondary liquid phase substance into the intermediate water pool.
Preferably, step S5 includes:
step S50, introducing the primary liquid phase into the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device through the sand filtration microfiltration device;
step S51, adding a calcium reagent into the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device, mixing the primary liquid phase substance with the calcium reagent to obtain a secondary primary liquid phase substance, and introducing the secondary primary liquid phase substance into the flocculation coagulation device;
step S52, adding a flocculating agent and a coagulant into the flocculation coagulation device, mixing the primary liquid phase material with the flocculating agent and the coagulant to obtain a secondary liquid phase material, and introducing the secondary liquid phase material into the heavy metal capture device;
step S53, adding a heavy metal catching agent into the heavy metal catching device, mixing the secondary liquid phase substance and the heavy metal catching agent to obtain a tertiary liquid phase substance, and introducing the tertiary liquid phase substance into the purification and filtration device;
step S54, filtering heavy metal substances in the sub-tertiary liquid phase substance by the purification and filtration device, and introducing the filtered sub-tertiary liquid phase substance into the evaporation and crystallization device;
and step S55, evaporating and crystallizing the filtered sub-tertiary liquid phase substance to obtain condensed water and industrial byproduct salt.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme, the invention organically combines the characteristics of the two dangerous wastes of the fly ash and the acidic wastewater and the traditional treatment process thereof, realizes the cooperative treatment of the fly ash and the acidic wastewater, has simple process flow, safety, environmental protection and easy operation, effectively reduces the consumption of slaked lime in the process of neutralizing the acidic wastewater, removes heavy metal elements and fluorides of the slaked lime, is beneficial to the reduction treatment of the fly ash and relieves the pressure of rigid landfill treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a co-processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a co-processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the step S3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the step S4 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the step S5 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the indexes before and after the washing of fly ash in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of indexes before and after washing of acidic wastewater in the example of the present invention:
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the indexes before and after the treatment of the water treatment process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
A fly ash and acidic wastewater co-disposal system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
the fly ash bin 1 is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, and the feed inlet is connected with an external fly ash conveying device 8 and used for storing fly ash;
the screening and crushing device 2 is connected with a discharge port of the fly ash bin 1 and is used for crushing the fly ash to obtain crushed fly ash;
the pulping premixing equipment 3 is connected with the screening and crushing device 2 and the pretreated acidic wastewater, and the crushed fly ash and the pretreated acidic wastewater are mixed to obtain a mixed material;
the primary washing and filtering equipment 4 is connected with the pulping premixing equipment 3, and primary washing treatment and primary filtering treatment are carried out on the mixed material by using the pretreated acidic wastewater in the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance;
the water treatment equipment 5 is connected with the primary water washing and filtering equipment 4 and is used for purifying the primary liquid phase;
the secondary washing and filtering equipment 6 is connected with the primary washing and filtering equipment 4 and an external acidic wastewater storage equipment 10 for providing acidic wastewater, and secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment are carried out on the primary solid-phase substance by using the acidic wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance, wherein the secondary liquid-phase substance is used as the pretreated acidic wastewater;
and the drying and storing device 7 is connected with the secondary washing and filtering device 6 and is used for drying, storing and processing the secondary solid phase substance.
Specifically, the primary washing and filtering device 4 and the secondary washing and filtering device 6 mainly perform multi-stage countercurrent washing on the fly ash raw material. The water-cement ratio is 1: 3-1: 20. Because the salt content requirements of the washed fly ash are different in the cement kiln co-treatment/flexible landfill, the washing stages can be properly adjusted according to the requirements, in the embodiment, only two-stage countercurrent washing is taken as an example, and the material index requirements of the discharged water and the washed fly ash are ensured in a multi-stage washing mode.
The cooperative disposal system in the embodiment organically combines the characteristics of two dangerous wastes (fly ash and acidic wastewater) and the traditional treatment and disposal process thereof, and achieves cooperative disposal of the two wastes. The consumption of lime in the process of neutralizing the acid waste liquid is effectively reduced, and heavy metal elements and fluorides of the acid waste liquid are removed; the method is beneficial to reducing treatment of the fly ash, can relieve the pressure of rigid landfill treatment, and can be used for subsequent cement kiln cooperative treatment/flexible landfill treatment of the treated product washing residue.
Further, the acid wastewater co-processed in this embodiment may be waste sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid generated in the production process of industrial departments such as mine drainage, hydrometallurgy, and hazardous waste incineration; the hazardous waste fly ash can be fly ash generated in the processes of domestic waste incineration power generation, hazardous waste incineration disposal and the like.
Specifically, after desalting, the fly ash is discharged from a centrifuge, and the moisture content of the material is 35-45%, and the particle size of the powder is measured in microns, so that the material has high viscosity. The wall sticking effect of the materials is easily caused in the conveying and drying processes, and special consideration needs to be made on the process. The main process characteristics of the drying part comprise: the desalted wet ash is firstly mixed with finished dry ash, the water content of the material is reduced to 10-20% so as to reduce the viscosity of the material and keep the stability of the subsequent material conveying; the dry ash fine particles are prepared in the grinding process, so that the subsequent dry ash pneumatic transmission is facilitated, and the requirement of entering a cement kiln is met; the drying apparatus recommends the use of a paddle dryer 74 or a belt dryer 74.
In a preferred embodiment, the separation of hot and cold materials is used to prevent sheeting due to mix storage. Meanwhile, the fly ash bin 1 is provided with auxiliary functions of vibration, fluidized air and the like to prevent hardening, and the discharge amount of the fly ash bin 1 can be adjusted and controlled through a discharge valve. A discharge port of the fly ash bin 1 is provided with a screening and crushing system to prevent the influence of residual granular fly ash on equipment.
In a preferred embodiment, the primary water wash filter apparatus 4 comprises:
the primary washing device 41 is connected with the pulping premixing equipment 3;
a first-stage filtering device 42 connected with the first-stage washing device 41;
the sand filtering and micro-filtering device 43 is connected with the primary filtering device 42 and the water treatment equipment 5.
Specifically, the separated solid phase is used as a raw material for secondary washing, and enters a secondary washing device 61 in a belt conveying mode, the water content of the solid phase is about 35-45%, and a centrifugal machine or a filter press can be selected as a filtering device.
Specifically, the liquid phase material filtered by the centrifuge or the filter press contains more micro particles, which have great influence on the heavy metal indexes in the water phase, so that the operations of sand filtration and microfiltration need to be emphasized to remove the micro particles in the liquid phase. The liquid phase part obtained after sand filtration and microfiltration is led to a water treatment device 5 for purification treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, the sand microfiltration device 43 is preferably a ceramic tube filter.
In a preferred embodiment, the two-stage water wash filter device 6 comprises:
the secondary washing device 61 is connected with the acidic wastewater storage equipment 10 and the primary washing device 41;
and the secondary filtering device 62 is connected with the secondary water washing device 61 and the drying and storing equipment 7.
Specifically, the separated liquid phase enters an intermediate water tank 9; the water content of the solid phase is about 35-45%, the solid phase is collected in a centralized way, and the filtering equipment can be a centrifuge or a filter press.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the water treatment apparatus 5 comprises:
a hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device 51 connected with the sand filtration microfiltration device 43;
a flocculation coagulation device 52 connected to the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device 51;
the heavy metal catching device 53 is connected with the flocculation coagulation device 52;
a purification and filtration device 54 connected to the heavy metal capturing device 53;
the evaporation crystallization device 55 is connected with the purification and filtration device 54.
In particular, the acid-base neutralization precipitation method is a relatively simple and effective method for the treatment of acidic wastewater that is difficult to recycle. The alkaline neutralizing agent is added into the acidic wastewater to improve the pH value and neutralize the acidic water quality, so that the dissolved metal ions form insoluble hydroxide in a high pH value environment and precipitate from the acidic wastewater, and the aim of simultaneously treating the acidic water and the high metal ions is fulfilled. The more commonly used alkaline neutralizers are CaO, NaOH, CaCO3, Na2CO3, and the like. The method has low operation and maintenance cost and no complex technical requirements, and is the most commonly used method for treating the acidic wastewater.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the drying storage apparatus 7 includes:
a mixer 72 for receiving the secondary solid phase by a conveyor 71;
a granulator 73 connected to the mixer 72;
a dryer 74 connected to the pelletizer 73;
a pulverizer 75 connected to the dryer 74;
a finished product storage bin 76 is connected to the pulverizer 75 and the mixer 72.
In a preferred embodiment, the secondary filter device 62 is connected to the slurry premixing device 3 through an intermediate water tank 9, and the intermediate water tank 9 stores the secondary liquid phase and leads into the slurry premixing device 3.
A method for co-processing fly ash and acidic wastewater, using the co-processing system of any one of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, comprising:
step S1, the screening and crushing device 2 crushes the fly ash in the fly ash bin 1 to obtain the crushed fly ash;
step S2, stirring and mixing the crushed fly ash and the secondary liquid phase by the pulping premixing equipment 3 to obtain a mixed material;
step S3, the primary washing and filtering equipment 4 carries out primary washing treatment and primary filtering treatment on the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance;
step S4, the secondary washing and filtering equipment 6 carries out secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment on the primary solid-phase substance through the acid wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance;
step S5, the water treatment device 5 purifies the primary liquid phase;
step S6, the drying and storing device 7 dries the secondary solid substance, and stores the secondary solid substance in the finished product storage bin 76.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, step S3 includes:
step S31, introducing the mixed material into the primary washing device 41, and setting the retention time;
step S32, the primary filter device 42 carries out solid-liquid separation on the mixed material to obtain a primary initial solid phase substance and a primary initial liquid phase substance, and the primary initial liquid phase substance is introduced into the sand filtration microfiltration device 43;
step S33, separating the tiny particles in the primary initial liquid phase by the sand filtration microfiltration device 43 to obtain a primary liquid phase and a primary sludge, and introducing the primary liquid phase into the water treatment equipment 5;
step S34, mixing the primary sludge with the primary initial solid phase to obtain a primary solid phase, and transporting the primary solid phase to the secondary washing device 61.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, step S4 includes:
step S41, introducing acidic wastewater into the secondary washing device 61 to carry out secondary washing treatment on the primary solid phase substance to obtain a secondary washing mixed material, and conveying the secondary washing mixed material to the secondary filtering device 62;
step S42, the secondary filter device 62 carries out solid-liquid separation on the secondary washing mixed material, collects the solid phase substance as the secondary solid phase substance, and conveys the secondary solid phase substance to drying storage equipment;
and step S43, collecting the residual liquid phase in the secondary water washing mixed material as a secondary liquid phase, and introducing the secondary liquid phase into an intermediate water pool 9.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, step S5 includes:
step S50, introducing the primary liquid phase into a hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device 51 through a sand filtration microfiltration device 43;
and S51, adding a calcium reagent into the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device 51, mixing the primary liquid phase with the calcium reagent to obtain a secondary primary liquid phase, and introducing the secondary primary liquid phase into the flocculation coagulation device 52, wherein the calcium reagent is preferably one or more of CaO, CaCl2 and CaCO 3.
Step S52, adding a flocculating agent and a coagulant into the flocculation coagulation device 52, mixing the primary liquid phase with the flocculating agent and the coagulant to obtain a secondary liquid phase, and introducing the secondary liquid phase into the heavy metal capture device 53, wherein the flocculating agent and the flocculating agent can be preferably one or more of FeCl3, FeSO4, Polyacrylamide (PAM), polyferric chloride (PFC), polyferric sulfate (PFS) and the like;
step S53, adding a heavy metal capturing agent into the heavy metal capturing device 53, mixing the secondary liquid phase substance with the heavy metal capturing agent to obtain a secondary tertiary liquid phase substance, and introducing the tertiary liquid phase substance into the purifying and filtering device 54, wherein the heavy metal capturing agent can be xanthates and dithiocarbamate Derivatives (DTCs), and preferably DTCs heavy metal capturing agent;
s54, filtering heavy metal substances in the sub-tertiary liquid phase by the purifying and filtering device 54, introducing the filtered sub-tertiary liquid phase into the evaporative crystallization device 55, specifically, the salt content of the water solution obtained after water treatment is about 5% -20%, the main salts are NaCl and KCl and contain a small amount of Ca2+ and SO 42-step S55, evaporating and crystallizing the filtered sub-tertiary liquid phase to obtain condensed water and industrial byproduct salt, and directly discharging or using the condensed water in other production processes; the industrial byproduct salt can be subjected to subsequent salt separation treatment to obtain an industrial product.
In a preferred embodiment, the fly ash treated by two-stage counter-current scrubbing is reduced to 36.9%, wherein the pH of the solution after the two-stage scrubbing is 11.95. The indexes before and after washing the fly ash are shown in figure 8, the indexes before and after washing the acid wastewater are shown in figure 9, the pH value of the effluent water of the acid washing fly ash is 11.95, no calcium reagent is added for adjusting the pH value, and the indexes before and after the water treatment process are shown in figure 10:
in conclusion, the method organically combines the characteristics of two kinds of hazardous wastes (fly ash and acidic wastewater) and the traditional treatment process thereof, achieves the synergistic treatment of the two kinds of hazardous wastes, is suitable for treating all fly ash and most of acidic wastewater, has simple process flow, is safe and environment-friendly, is easy to operate, effectively reduces the consumption of lime in the process of neutralizing the acidic wastewater, and removes heavy metal elements and fluorides of the acidic wastewater; the method is favorable for reducing treatment of the fly ash, can relieve the pressure of rigid landfill treatment, can be used for subsequent cement kiln cooperative treatment/flexible landfill treatment of the treated product washing residue, can ensure the process by adding procedures of sand filtration, microfiltration and the like according to the requirements of staged treatment, and can properly adjust the washing grade number according to different requirements of the cement kiln cooperative treatment/flexible landfill on the salt content of the washed fly ash.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fly ash and acidic wastewater co-disposal system, comprising:
the fly ash bin is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, and the feed inlet is connected with an external fly ash conveying device and used for storing fly ash;
the screening and crushing device is connected with the discharge port of the fly ash bin and is used for crushing the fly ash to obtain crushed fly ash;
the pulping premixing equipment is connected with the screening and crushing device and the pretreated acidic wastewater, and the fly ash after crushing treatment and the pretreated acidic wastewater are mixed to obtain a mixed material;
the primary washing filtering equipment is connected with the pulping premixing equipment, and primary washing treatment and primary filtering treatment are carried out on the mixed material by using the pretreated acidic wastewater in the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance;
the water treatment equipment is connected with the primary water washing and filtering equipment and is used for purifying the primary liquid phase substance;
the secondary washing filtering equipment is connected with the primary washing filtering equipment and external acid wastewater storage equipment for providing acid wastewater, and secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment are carried out on the primary solid-phase substance by using the acid wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance, wherein the secondary liquid-phase substance is used as the pretreated acid wastewater;
and the drying and storing equipment is connected with the secondary washing and filtering equipment and is used for drying, storing and processing the secondary solid-phase substance.
2. The co-disposal system of claim 1, wherein said primary water wash filtration device comprises:
the primary water washing device is connected with the pulping premixing equipment;
the primary filtering device is connected with the primary washing device;
and the sand filtration microfiltration device is connected with the primary filtration device and the water treatment equipment.
3. The co-disposal system of claim 2, wherein said secondary water wash filtration device comprises:
the secondary water washing device is connected with the acidic wastewater storage equipment and the primary water washing device;
and the secondary filtering device is connected with the secondary washing device and the drying and storing equipment.
4. The co-treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the water treatment apparatus comprises:
the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device is connected with the sand filtration microfiltration device;
the flocculation coagulation device is connected with the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device;
the heavy metal catching device is connected with the flocculation coagulation device;
the purification and filtration device is connected with the heavy metal capture device;
and the evaporative crystallization device is connected with the purification and filtration device.
5. The co-treatment system of claim 1, wherein the drying storage device comprises:
the mixer receives the secondary solid phase substance through a conveyor;
a granulator connected to the mixer;
the dryer is connected with the granulator;
the pulverizer is connected with the dryer;
and the finished product storage bin is connected with the pulverizer and the mixer.
6. The co-disposal system as recited in claim 1, wherein said secondary filtration device is connected to said slurry premixing device by an intermediate reservoir, said intermediate reservoir storing said secondary liquid phase and passing into said slurry premixing device.
7. A co-processing method of fly ash and acidic wastewater, applied to the co-processing system of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:
step S1, the screening and crushing device crushes the fly ash in the fly ash bin to obtain the crushed fly ash;
step S2, the pulping premixing equipment stirs and mixes the crushed fly ash and the secondary liquid phase to obtain the mixed material;
step S3, the primary washing and filtering equipment carries out primary washing and primary filtering on the mixed material to obtain a primary liquid phase substance and a primary solid phase substance;
step S4, the secondary washing and filtering equipment carries out secondary washing treatment and secondary filtering treatment on the primary solid-phase substance through the acidic wastewater to obtain a secondary liquid-phase substance and a secondary solid-phase substance;
step S5, the water treatment equipment carries out purification treatment on the primary liquid phase;
and step S6, the drying storage equipment dries the secondary solid-phase object and stores the secondary solid-phase object to the finished product storage bin.
8. The co-processing method according to claim 7, wherein step S3 includes:
step S31, introducing the mixed material into a primary washing device, and setting the retention time;
step S32, the primary filtering device carries out solid-liquid separation on the mixed material to obtain a primary initial solid phase substance and a primary initial liquid phase substance, and the primary initial liquid phase substance is introduced into the sand filtration microfiltration device;
step S33, separating the tiny particles in the primary initial liquid phase by the sand filtration microfiltration device to obtain a primary liquid phase and a primary sludge, and introducing the primary liquid phase into the water treatment equipment;
and step S34, mixing the primary sludge matter and the primary initial solid matter to obtain the primary solid matter, and conveying the primary solid matter to the secondary washing device.
9. The co-processing method according to claim 8, wherein step S4 includes:
step S41, introducing the acidic wastewater into the secondary washing device to carry out secondary washing treatment on the primary solid-phase substance to obtain a secondary washing mixed material, and conveying the secondary washing mixed material to the secondary filtering device;
step S42, the secondary filtering device carries out solid-liquid separation on the secondary washing mixed material, collects solid-phase substances as the secondary solid-phase substances, and conveys the secondary solid-phase substances to the drying and storing equipment;
and step S43, collecting the residual liquid phase substance in the secondary water washing mixed material as the secondary liquid phase substance, and introducing the secondary liquid phase substance into the intermediate water pool.
10. The co-processing method according to claim 9, wherein step S5 includes:
step S50, introducing the primary liquid phase into the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device through the sand filtration microfiltration device;
step S51, adding a calcium reagent into the hydrogen ion concentration adjusting device, mixing the primary liquid phase substance with the calcium reagent to obtain a secondary primary liquid phase substance, and introducing the secondary primary liquid phase substance into the flocculation coagulation device;
step S52, adding a flocculating agent and a coagulant into the flocculation coagulation device, mixing the primary liquid phase material with the flocculating agent and the coagulant to obtain a secondary liquid phase material, and introducing the secondary liquid phase material into the heavy metal capture device;
step S53, adding a heavy metal catching agent into the heavy metal catching device, mixing the secondary liquid phase substance and the heavy metal catching agent to obtain a tertiary liquid phase substance, and introducing the tertiary liquid phase substance into the purification and filtration device;
step S54, filtering heavy metal substances in the sub-tertiary liquid phase substance by the purification and filtration device, and introducing the filtered sub-tertiary liquid phase substance into the evaporation and crystallization device;
and step S55, evaporating and crystallizing the filtered sub-tertiary liquid phase substance to obtain condensed water and industrial byproduct salt.
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