CN114865754B

CN114865754B - Charging circuit, charging chip and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114865754B
Application number: CN202210789682.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王瑞
Original assignee: Honor Device Co Ltd
Current assignee: Honor Device Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-06
Filing date: 2022-07-06
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-06
Also published as: CN114865754A

Abstract

The application provides a charging circuit, a charging chip and an electronic device. In the low temperature or the charging environment of undervoltage, this charging circuit can be according to the battery to the demand of electric current under current charging environment, adjusts the current value of the electric current that flows into the battery through the reposition of redundant personnel effect, can prolong battery life to guarantee charging process's safety.

Description

Charging circuit, charging chip and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a charging circuit, a charging chip and an electronic device.

Background

With the development of science and technology, wearable devices such as bluetooth headsets and smart watches have become essential electronic devices in human daily life and entertainment.

Most current smart wearable devices are charged by a Buck Charger (Buck Charger). During charging of a wearable device by a step-down charger, the required value of the charging current of the battery may vary according to the specific conditions of the charging environment. For example, when the wearable device is in a low temperature or under-voltage state during charging, the required value of the charging current of the battery may need a current value less than the minimum cut-off charging current, otherwise the battery life would be shortened, and the safety of the charging process cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it is desirable to design a circuit that can flexibly adjust the charging current of the battery during the charging process.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a charging circuit, a charging chip and an electronic device. In the low temperature or the charging environment of undervoltage, this charging circuit can be according to the battery to the demand of electric current under current charging environment, adjusts the current value of the electric current that flows into the battery through the reposition of redundant personnel effect, can prolong battery life to guarantee charging process's safety.

The above and other objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Further implementations are presented in the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a charging circuit for charging a battery, the circuit comprising: the system comprises a charging module, a control module and a shunting module; the charging module is provided with an output end connected with the input end of the battery, the output end of the charging module is connected with the input end of the shunting module, and the control end of the charging module is connected with the first end of the control module; the second end of the control module is connected with the control end of the shunting module; under the condition that the battery is connected into the charging circuit, the output end of the charging module is connected with the input end of the battery, and the shunt module is connected with the battery in parallel; constant-value current output by the output end of the charging module enters the shunting module from the input end of the shunting module and enters the battery from the input end of the battery respectively; the current value of the constant current is a first current value; a second end of the control module outputs a first signal, and the first signal enters the shunting module through a control end of the shunting module; the first signal is used for adjusting the current value shunted by the shunting module; the shunted current value is a difference value between the first current value and a target current value, and the target current value is determined according to the environmental parameters of the current charging environment.

It is to be understood that when the ambient temperature and voltage are stable, the current input into the battery during charging of the battery is generally not less than a threshold, which may be referred to as a minimum charge current or a charge cutoff current. In the conventional charging circuit, the minimum charging current is also the minimum current that the charging module can output. However, when the ambient temperature is too low and the voltage is too low, the most suitable charging current of the battery under the environment may be smaller than the minimum current that the charging module can output; and the most suitable charging current of the battery is different under different environmental parameters. If the charging module still inputs current into the battery at the current value of the minimum charging current, the service life of the battery is shortened, and even the battery is burnt out, thereby causing safety accidents.

Therefore, in the circuit provided by the application, a shunt module is added, and when a battery is connected into the circuit, the shunt module is connected with the battery in parallel, so that a part of total current (namely the constant current) output by the charging module can be shared by the battery. In addition, the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module can be controlled by the control module.

Specifically, the control module may determine a suitable charging current value (i.e., the target current value) of the battery under the current environmental parameter according to a charging policy stored in the control module, and then determine whether shunting is required or not and the magnitude of the current shunted by the shunting module according to the magnitude of the constant current that can be output by the charging module. It should be noted that the charging module may output a constant current with a constant current value. When the current value of the most suitable charging current of the battery under the current environmental parameter is smaller than the minimum current that can be output by the charging module, the control module may determine the magnitude of the current that needs to be shared by the shunting module based on the current value of the constant current and the target current value.

In this application, the first signal may be a pulse signal. And a uniquely determined corresponding relation exists between the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module and the duty ratio of the first signal. In an optional embodiment, a correspondence relationship between the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module and the duty ratio of the first signal may be stored in the control module. Thus, when the control module needs to adjust the current value of the current divided by the current dividing module to the target current value, the control module may directly adjust the duty ratio of the first signal to a target threshold according to the above relationship, control the constant current to be divided, and adjust the actual current flowing into the battery within a safe range by adjusting a part of the current flowing into the battery to the target current value and another part of the current flowing into the current dividing module.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the charging circuit further includes a detection module; the output of the charging module with the input of battery is connected, includes: the first end of the detection module is connected with the output end of the charging module, the second end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the battery, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the third end of the control module; the constant value current of the output of the module of charging, follow respectively the input of reposition of redundant personnel module gets into reposition of redundant personnel module and follow the input of battery gets into the battery includes: constant-value current output by the output end of the charging module enters the shunting module from the input end of the shunting module, enters the detection module from the first end of the detection module, and enters the battery from the input end of the battery after flowing out from the second end of the detection module; the current value flowing into the battery detected by the detection module is a detection value, and the detection value is output to the third end of the control module through the third end of the detection module and enters the control module; the first signal is used for adjusting the current value shunted by the shunting module and comprises the following steps: the duty ratio of the first signal is used for adjusting the current value shunted by the shunting module; the detection value is used to determine the duty cycle.

It will be appreciated that, due to the limitations of the storage performance of the control module and the complexity of the correspondence between the duty cycle of the first signal and the magnitude of the current distributed by the shunting module, in some embodiments, the control module may not store a mapping table reflecting the correspondence between the duty cycle of the first signal and the magnitude of the current distributed by the shunting module.

In the circuit provided by this embodiment, a detection module for detecting the magnitude of the current flowing into the battery in real time is provided, and the control module may adjust the duty ratio of the output signal of the MCU multiple times according to the detection value of the detection module until the current value of the current divided by the current dividing module is adjusted to a target magnitude. Therefore, the storage space of the control module can be saved, and the requirement of the charging circuit on the storage performance of the control module is reduced. In addition, the current value is reported to the control unit in real time by additionally arranging the detection module, so that the control unit can sense the actual charging current of the battery more timely, the current flowing into the battery can timely react according to a charging strategy in time when the current is not timely, and the safety of the charging process is further ensured.

In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the detecting value for determining the duty cycle includes: reducing the duty ratio of the first signal when the detection value of the detection module is larger than the target current value; increasing the duty ratio of the first signal when the detection value of the detection module is smaller than the target current value; and keeping the duty ratio of the first signal unchanged under the condition that the detection value of the detection module is equal to the target current value.

In the embodiment, the duty ratio of the first signal is timely adjusted according to the current value of the current flowing into the battery detected in real time, so that the shunting size of the shunting module can be quickly adjusted to a desired value, and the charging current of the battery can be quickly adjusted to be within a safety range.

For example, when the battery is in a low-temperature and under-voltage environment, and the appropriate charging current is 20mA, if the detection value of the detection module is 50mA at this time, it may be determined that the current that needs to be shared by the shunt module is 30mA. At this time, the control module may output a first signal with a duty ratio of N1 (N1 may be a value randomly determined by the control module, and N1 is less than or equal to 1), and if the detected value becomes 40mA, it indicates that the magnitude of the current actually flowing into the battery is 40mA, and the control module may output a first signal with a duty ratio of N2 (N2 is less than N1, and N2 is less than or equal to 1) so that the shunting module shares a larger current; then, if the detected value is changed to 15mA, it indicates that the current divided by the current dividing module is 35mA, and the control module adjusts the duty ratio of the first signal to N3 (N3 is greater than N2 and N3 is less than N1) so that the current dividing module needs to share a smaller current; and repeatedly adjusting the duty ratio of the output level signal according to the value acquired by the electricity meter until the acquired current value of the electricity meter is 30mA after the duty ratio of the first signal is adjusted to N, keeping the duty ratio of the first signal unchanged, stabilizing the current distributed by the shunting module at 30mA, and actually enabling the current flowing into the battery to be just 20mA.

In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the detection module includes a first resistor and an electricity meter; the first end of detection module with the output of module of charging is connected, the second end of detection module with the input of battery is connected, the third end of detection module with the third end of control module is connected, includes: the first end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the charging module; the first end of the fuel gauge is connected with the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the fuel gauge is connected with the second end of the first resistor; the second end of the first resistor is connected with the battery; the first resistor is connected with the battery in series; the constant current of the output of the module that charges is followed respectively the input of reposition of redundant personnel module gets into reposition of redundant personnel module, and follow the first end of detection module gets into detection module follows the second end of detection module flows out the back, follows the input of battery gets into the battery includes: the constant current of the output of the charging module is respectively fed into the shunt module from the input of the shunt module, fed into the detection module from the first end of the first resistor, and fed into the battery from the input of the battery after flowing out from the second end of the first resistor.

It is to be understood that in an actual charging circuit, the magnitude of the current in the circuit is typically in the mA level. Therefore, in the embodiment, the electricity meter can accurately calculate the amount of electricity passing through the circuit, that is, accurately measure the value of current flowing into the battery, and further accurately determine the value of current required to be shunted by the shunting module.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the shunt module includes a first switch device, a second switch device, a charge and discharge circuit, and a second resistor, and a control end of the shunt module is a first pin of the first switch device; the input end of the shunting module is a second pin of the first switching device and a second pin of the second switching device; a first pin of the first switching device is connected with a second end of the control module, a second pin of the first switching device is connected with an output end of the charging module, and a third pin of the first switching device is connected with a first end of the charging and discharging circuit; a first pin of the second switching device is connected with a second end of the charge and discharge circuit, a second pin of the second switching device is connected with an output end of the charge module, a third pin of the second switching device is connected with a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the second resistor is connected with a ground end; the third end of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the grounding end; the first signal is used for adjusting the current value shunted by the shunting module and comprises the following steps: the first signal is used for adjusting the output voltage of the second end of the charge and discharge circuit, and the output voltage of the second end of the charge and discharge circuit is positively correlated with the shunt current value of the shunt module.

In this embodiment, the first pin of the first switching device is a control end of the shunt module. The control module may provide a level signal with an adjustable duty cycle at the first pin of the first switching device, and provide a corresponding analog voltage to the first device pin, so as to control the on and off of the first device. Specifically, the first device may be a field effect transistor or a triode. When the first signal is in a high level period, the first switching device is conducted, and the charging circuit is charged; when the first signal is in a low level period, the first switching device is closed, and the charging circuit discharges; and finally, the charging and discharging of the charging and discharging circuit are balanced, and the voltage output to the first pin of the second switching device by the charging and discharging circuit is also in a stable state. It is to be understood that the charging and discharging balance of the charging and discharging circuit can be completed in a very short time in case the first signal frequency is sufficiently large. When the voltage value of the voltage at the first pin of the second switching device is larger than the starting voltage value of the second switching device, the second switching device is conducted, and the shunt module generates shunt current. Namely, the constant current output by the output terminal of the charging module, a part of the constant current enters the shunting module from the input terminal of the shunting module (i.e., the second pin of the second switching device), flows into the ground terminal through the second resistor, and the other part of the constant current enters the detecting module from the first terminal of the first resistor, and flows out from the second terminal of the first resistor, and then enters the battery from the input terminal of the battery. Specifically, the magnitude of the shunt current is (V) _B -0.7)/R2, wherein V _B And R2 is the resistance value of the second resistor for the voltage output to the first pin of the second switching device by the charging and discharging circuit, and 0.7 represents that the starting voltage value of the second switching device is 0.7V.

In the embodiment, the shunt size of the shunt module is adjusted by adopting the charge-discharge circuit, and the voltage of the shunt branch is controlled by adopting the charge-discharge balance in the charging process of the battery, so that the shunt size of the shunt module can be adjusted to a desired value at a higher speed.

In one possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the charge and discharge circuit includes a capacitor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor; the first end of the third resistor is the first end of the charge-discharge circuit, and the first end of the capacitor is the second end of the charge-discharge circuit; the second end of the fourth resistor is the third end of the charge and discharge circuit; a first end of the third resistor is connected with a third pin of the first switching device, and a second end of the third resistor is connected with a first end of the capacitor; a first end of the capacitor is connected with a first end of the second switching device, and a second end of the capacitor is connected with a ground end; a first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the third pin of the first switching device, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected with a ground terminal.

In this embodiment, when the first signal is in a high-level signal period, the capacitor is charged; when the first signal is a low level signal, the capacitor is discharged. After the charging and discharging of the capacitor are balanced, the voltage of the capacitor is the voltage at the first pin of the second switching device.

In this embodiment, when the first switching device is turned on, a part of a very small current may flow into the ground terminal through the fourth resistor among the constant-value currents output from the charging module. However, the current value of the current is too small, and the fourth resistor can be set as a resistor with a very large resistance (for example, 100k Ω), so that the current passing through the fourth resistor has a negligible shunting effect in the shunting module.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the charging circuit further includes a level shift module, and a third end of the level shift module is connected to the output end of the charging module; the second end of control module with the control end of reposition of redundant personnel module is connected and is included: the second end of control module with the first end of level transition module is connected, the second end of level transition module with the control end of reposition of redundant personnel module is connected, the second end of control module outputs first signal, first signal warp the control end entering of reposition of redundant personnel module the reposition of redundant personnel module includes: the second end of the control module outputs a first signal to enter the level conversion module from the first end of the level conversion module, and after the voltage conversion is carried out by the level conversion module, the first signal flows out from the second end of the level conversion module and enters the shunt module through the control end of the shunt module.

In this embodiment, the level shift module may adjust a voltage value of the voltage output by the control module when a voltage of the signal output by the control module is too different from a voltage output by the charging module, so as to ensure that the switching device Q801 can be normally turned on and off.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the frequency of the first signal is fixed, and the frequency of the first signal is greater than a third threshold.

In this embodiment, the frequency of the first signal is fixed to ensure that the magnitude of the current divided by the dividing module can be controlled only by a single variable, i.e., the duty ratio of the first signal, so that the control module can determine the duty ratio of the first signal more quickly. And the frequency of the first signal is greater than the third threshold, so that the time consumed by the charge-discharge balance of the charging module can be shortened, and the shunt size of the shunt module can be further adjusted to a desired value. Specifically, the third threshold may be 50kHZ.

In one possible embodiment of the first aspect, the first switching device and the second switching device have switching transistors of a field effect transistor or a triode.

Specifically, the first switching device may be a field effect transistor; at this time, a first pin of the first switching device is a gate of the first switching device; a second pin of the first switching device is a drain electrode of the first switching device; the third pin of the first switching device is a source of the first switching device. The first switching device can also be a triode; at this time, the first pin of the first switching device is the base of the first switching device; the second pin of the first switching device is a collector of the first switching device; the third pin of the first switching device is an emitter of the first switching device.

Specifically, the second switching device may be a triode, and a first pin of the second switching device is the base; a second pin of the second switching device is an emitter of the second switching device; the third pin of the first switching device is a collector of the second switching device.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a charging chip, including the charging circuit in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.

In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, including a power supply circuit, a battery, and a charging circuit in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect; the input end of a charging module in the charging circuit is connected with the power supply circuit; and the output end of a charging module in the charging circuit is connected with the battery.

The technical solutions provided in the second aspect and the third aspect of the present application may refer to the technical solutions provided in the first aspect, and are not described herein again.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a shunt circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of a level signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a charging/discharging circuit in a charging stage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a charge/discharge circuit in a discharge phase according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of a level signal and an inverted level signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The terminology used in the following embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used in the specification of this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items.

Since the embodiments of the present application relate to circuits and circuit devices, for ease of understanding, the terms related to the embodiments of the present application will be described first.

(1) Minimum charging current

When the ambient temperature and voltage are stable, the current input into the battery of the wearable device is generally not less than a certain threshold value during the charging process of the smart wearable device by the Buck Charger, and the threshold value may be referred to as a minimum charging current or a charging cutoff current. The charging process will also be interrupted or ended when the value of the current flowing through the battery is less than the minimum charging current. When the ambient temperature is too low and the voltage is too low, the minimum charging current of the battery also becomes small; compared with the charging current value required by the battery when the ambient temperature and the voltage are stable, the charging current value required by the battery when the ambient temperature is too low and the voltage is too low is also smaller, so that the service life of the battery can be prolonged, and the electricity utilization safety is ensured.

It should be noted that the minimum charging current refers to the minimum value of the charging current that the terminal device can control to input into the battery, and the charging current suitable for the battery refers to the charging current that the terminal device is most suitable for in the given charging environment, when the current actually input into the battery is greater than the charging current suitable for the battery, the service life of the battery is shortened, and even the battery is burned out, which causes a safety accident.

It should be understood that the charging process described in the present application may be a process of charging wearable devices such as a smart watch and a smart bracelet, and when the wearable devices are devices with a charging chamber such as a TWS bluetooth headset, the charging process described in the present application may also be a process of charging the charging chamber of the wearable devices, which is not limited in the present application.

(2) Flow diversion

In a circuit, shunting is to divide a large current into several different lines. In a parallel circuit, the voltages of the branches are equal, the sum of the currents on the branches is equal to the total current (main current), and the current of each branch is less than the total current (main current).

It can be understood that if the total current (main circuit current) is controlled to be constant, in the case that the current of one branch circuit is increased, the current of other branch circuits is correspondingly decreased; similarly, if the total control current (main current) is not changed, if the electricity of one branch circuit is reduced, the currents of other branch circuits are correspondingly increased.

(3) Field effect transistor

A Field Effect Transistor (FET) is simply referred to as a field effect transistor. The semiconductor device controls the current of an output loop by using the electric field effect of a control input loop. The output current of the fet is controlled by the input voltage (or field), which can be considered as little or no input current, which makes the device have high input impedance, and this is also called the fet.

The field effect transistor has three pins, which are a gate, a source and a drain.

The grid is a control pin of the field effect transistor, and when voltage is applied to the gate, an electric field with the grid pointing to the silicon substrate is generated in the SiO2 insulating layer between the grid and the silicon substrate. A capacitor is formed on two sides of the oxide layer, the gate voltage is equal to the charge of the capacitor and is attracted by the voltage, a large number of electrons are accumulated on the other side of the capacitor to form a conducting channel, and the field effect transistor starts to be conducted.

When the grid has no voltage, no current flows between the source and the drain, and the field effect transistor is in an off state. When a positive voltage is applied to the gate of the N-channel fet, negative electrons of the source and drain of the N-channel fet are attracted by the electric field and flow toward the gate, but electrons are collected in the P-type semiconductor between the two N-channels due to the blocking of the oxide film, and thus a current is formed, and conduction is established between the source and the drain. The two N-type semiconductors are understood to be a trench, and the gate voltage is established by building a bridge between them, the size of the bridge being determined by the size of the gate voltage.

(4) Pulse width modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a very effective technique for controlling analog circuits using digital outputs of microprocessors, and is widely used in many fields ranging from measurement, communication, to power control and conversion.

PWM can digitally encode the analog signal level. Which through the use of high resolution counters, the duty cycle of the square wave is modulated to encode the level of a particular analog signal. The PWM signal is still digital because at any given time, the full magnitude dc supply is either completely present (ON) or completely absent (OFF). The voltage or current source is applied to the analog load in a repetitive pulse train of ON (ON) or OFF (OFF). The on-time is when the dc supply is applied to the load and the off-time is when the supply is disconnected. Any voltage value can be encoded by PWM as long as the bandwidth is sufficient.

(5) Analog-to-digital converter

An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is a system/device that converts an Analog signal into a corresponding Digital signal, and is widely used in the field of human-computer interaction. The ADC may provide isolated measurements, such as converting an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the voltage or current amplitude.

(6) Micro control Unit (MCU, microcontroller Unit)

The micro control Unit MCU, also called a single-chip microcomputer or a single-chip microcomputer, properly reduces the frequency and specification of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and integrates peripheral interfaces such as a memory (memory), a counter (Timer), a USB, an a/D converter, a UART, a PLC, a DMA, and even an LCD driving circuit on a single chip to form a chip-level computer, which performs different combination control for different applications.

(7) Negative temperature coefficient element (NTC)

Negative temperature coefficient elements refer to thermistor phenomena and materials having a negative temperature coefficient that decrease in resistance exponentially with increasing temperature. The material is a semiconductor ceramic prepared by fully mixing, molding, sintering and other processes of two or more than two metal oxides of manganese, copper, silicon, cobalt, iron, nickel, zinc and the like, and can be prepared into a thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient. The resistivity and the material constant of the material change with different material component ratios, sintering atmosphere, sintering temperature and structural states.

With the development of science and technology, wearable devices such as bluetooth headsets and smart watches have become essential electronic devices in human daily life and entertainment. Most current smart wearable devices are charged by a Buck Charger (Buck Charger). As shown in the charging circuit 10 in fig. 1, when the smart wearable device is charging, the charging module 102 may deliver a charging current to the battery 103 under the control of the MCU 101.

Because the battery 103 has a charge cutoff current during charging, the current delivered by the charging module 102 to the battery 103 has a minimum current value. For example, when the off-state charging current of the battery 103 is 50mA, the current value of the current supplied to the battery 103 by the charging module 102 is about 50mA at minimum. However, when the battery 103 is at a low temperature or the charging voltage is under-voltage, the current required or suitable for the battery 103 may be lower than 50mA (e.g., 20 mA), and at this time, the charging module cannot adjust the current value input to the battery 103 to the current value required by the battery 103. This shortens the life of the battery 103 and also tends to cause electrical hazard events during charging.

Aiming at the defects of the charging circuit, the charging circuit is provided with the shunt module, the current of the shunt module is controlled in real time through the MCU, and the current value of the current actually flowing into the battery is adjusted to be within the range required by the battery. As shown in fig. 2, the charging circuit 20 may include an MCU 201, a charging module 202, and a shunting module 203. It should be noted that the specific architecture of the charging circuit 20 is shown in fig. 2 in the case where the charging circuit 20 is operating and the battery to be charged is already connected to the charging circuit 20, and in fact, the charging circuit 20 may not contain the battery shown in fig. 2.

The MCU 201 can be used as a coprocessor for various analog sensor input detection, USB interface, battery charging and monitoring, and other functions. Specifically, the MCU 201 may implement a PWM technique or a function corresponding to the ADC, provide a level signal with an adjustable duty ratio for a pin of an element in the shunting module 203, and provide a corresponding analog voltage for a pin of a corresponding element, so as to control the on/off of a circuit included in the shunting module 203, and the charging/discharging of a charging/discharging circuit. For example, the MCU 201 may compare the current output by the charging module 202 with the charging current required by the battery to determine a specific shunt value for the shunt module 203. In this embodiment of the application, the MCU 201 further stores a mapping table for reflecting a correspondence between a signal duty ratio and a current magnitude distributed by the distributing module 203. It should be understood that, under the condition that the frequency of the level signal output by the MCU 201 is determined, a uniquely determined correspondence exists between the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module 203 and the duty ratio of the output signal of the MCU 201, and this correspondence may be stored in the MCU 201 in the form of a mapping table; thus, when the charging circuit 20 needs to adjust the current value of the current divided by the current dividing module 203 to the target size, the MCU 201 can directly adjust the duty ratio of the level signal to the target threshold according to the mapping table, and a single adjustment can adjust the current value of the current divided by the current dividing module 203 to the target size.

The charging module 202 is responsible for transmitting electric energy to the battery and controlling various parameters of the battery in the charging process, such as charging current, charging cutoff current, and the like. In addition, the charging module 202 may provide a suitable charging environment for each parameter, for example, adopt corresponding charging temperature control strategies at different temperatures. During the process of charging the battery, the charging module 202 may control the magnitude of the current output by the charging module to output a stable current with a fixed current value.

The shunt module 203 comprises a specific shunt circuit, and the whole shunt circuit is connected with the battery in parallel. It can be understood that, according to the characteristics of the parallel circuit, when the output current of the charging module 202 is too large, the shunting module 203 may share part of the current output by the charging module. In addition, the shunting module 203 can flexibly adjust the magnitude of the current shared by the battery according to a specific charging environment, and adjust the current value of the current actually flowing into the battery to be within the range required by the battery, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the safety of the charging process is ensured.

Specifically, the shunt circuit included in the charging circuit 20 may form a charging/discharging circuit through a field effect transistor or a triode and a capacitor, and the MCU 201 controls the duty ratio of a signal at a pin of the field effect transistor to adjust the voltage of the field effect transistor, thereby controlling the charging or discharging of the capacitor to adjust the amount of the shunt current. Understandably, when the current value of the current outputted by the charging module 202 is fixed, and when the current value of the current shared by the shunting module 203 is increased, the current value of the current actually inputted into the battery is correspondingly decreased; similarly, when the current value of the current shared by the shunting module 203 decreases, the current value of the current actually input into the battery increases accordingly. Thus, the current value of the current actually flowing into the battery can be adjusted to be within the range required by the battery by controlling the divided current of the current dividing module by the MCU 201. The detailed structure and the detailed operation of the shunt circuit may refer to the related descriptions of the following embodiments, which are not repeated herein.

In addition, although not shown in fig. 2, an NTC element (NTC) may also be present in the charging circuit 20, and may be used to monitor the real-time temperature of the environment in which the charging circuit 20 is located and report it to the MCU 201; after acquiring the real-time temperature of the environment, the MCU 201 may determine the most appropriate charging current for the battery according to the real-time temperature of the environment. Thus, the MCU 201 can determine the current to be shared by the shunting module 203 according to the magnitude of the charging current and the magnitude of the output current of the charging module 202.

Optionally, in some embodiments, because of the limitation of the storage performance of the MCU and the complexity of the correspondence between the signal duty cycle and the current magnitude distributed by the shunting module, the MCU in the charging circuit may not store a mapping table for reflecting the correspondence between the signal duty cycle and the current magnitude distributed by the shunting module 203. Therefore, based on the charging circuit 20, the present application also provides another charging circuit 30, where the MCU in the charging circuit 30 can adjust the duty ratio of the output signal of the MCU multiple times until the current value of the current divided by the current dividing module is adjusted to the target value.

As shown in fig. 3, the charging circuit 30 may include an MCU 301, a charging module 302, a battery, a detection module 304, and a shunting module 303. It should be noted that the specific architecture of the charging circuit 30 is shown in fig. 3 in the case where the charging circuit 30 is operating and the battery to be charged is already connected to the charging circuit 30, but in practice, the charging circuit 30 may not contain the battery shown in fig. 3. Wherein:

the specific functions of the MCU 301, the charging module 302, and the shunting module 303 may refer to the foregoing descriptions of the MCU 201, the charging module 202, and the shunting module 203 in fig. 2, and are not described herein again. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the MCU 301 may not need to store a mapping table for reflecting a correspondence between a signal duty ratio and a current magnitude distributed by the current distribution module 203.

A detection module 304, configured to detect a magnitude of a current flowing into the battery, that is, a charging current in real time; and reports the current value of the charging current monitored in real time to the MCU 301, so that the MCU 301 can determine a specific current adjustment strategy according to the current value. In particular, the detection module 304 may contain a fuel gauge and a sampling resistor, which may be in series with the battery in the actual circuit. It is understood that the value of the current flowing through the sampling resistor is the same as the value of the current flowing through the battery according to the characteristics of the series circuit. Specifically, in an actual circuit, two ends of the sampling resistor may be connected to the electricity meter, so that the electricity meter may obtain a current value of an actual charging current provided to the battery after the charging module 302 is shunted by the shunting module 303.

For example, when the battery is in a low-temperature and under-voltage environment and a suitable charging current is 20mA, if a current value collected by the fuel gauge is 50mA at this time, the MCU 301 may determine that the current that the shunting module 303 needs to share is 30mA. At this time, the MCU outputs a level signal with a duty ratio N1 (N1 may be a value randomly determined by the MCU 201, and N1 is less than or equal to 1), and if the indicated value of the fuel gauge becomes 40mA, it indicates that the current actually flowing into the battery is 40mA, and the MCU 301 outputs a level signal with a duty ratio N2 (N2 is less than N1, and N2 is less than or equal to 1), so that the shunting module 303 needs to share a larger current; then, if the indication of the fuel gauge is changed to 15mA, which indicates that the current divided by the current dividing module 303 is 35mA, the MCU 301 outputs a level signal with a duty ratio of N3 (N3 is greater than N2 and N3 is less than N1) so that the current dividing module 303 needs to share a smaller current; the duty ratio of the output level signal is repeatedly adjusted according to the value acquired by the fuel gauge until the acquired current value of the fuel gauge is 30mA after the duty ratio is adjusted to N, the MCU 301 keeps the duty ratio to N unchanged, outputs the level signal, the current divided by the current dividing module 303 is stabilized at 30mA, and the current actually flowing into the battery is just 20mA.

Next, a specific configuration of the shunt circuit included in the charging circuit 20 of the charging circuit 30 and a specific operation mode of the shunt circuit will be further described with reference to fig. 4. It should be noted that the shunt circuit provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied to a terminal device having a battery. The whole shunt circuit is connected in parallel with the branch where the battery is located, that is, the current input to the whole charging circuit (for example, the current output by the charging module 302 in the foregoing description) can be split into two paths before flowing into the battery, wherein a part of the current flows into the shunt circuit, and the other part of the current directly flows into the battery. In addition, in the charging circuit where the shunt circuit is located, the current input to the entire charging circuit may be a constant value, for example, 200mA, under the control of the charging module in the system. Therefore, it can be understood that, in the case where the total current is constant, the magnitude of the current divided by the shunt circuit can be controlled, that is, the magnitude of the current actually flowing into the battery can be controlled.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shunt circuit according to an embodiment of the present application. The circuit shown in the dashed box in fig. 4 is the shunt circuit 40 provided in the embodiment of the present application. The shunt circuit 40 may include switching devices Q401, Q402; resistors R403, R404, R402, and a capacitor C401. The specific parameters of each device can be adjusted according to the specific charging requirements of the equipment, which is not limited in the present application. For example, when the shunt circuit is applied to a charging chamber of a TWS bluetooth headset, the switching device Q401 may be a P-channel type field effect transistor or a P-channel type triode, and the switching device Q402 may be an NPN type triode. The resistors R403, R404, and R402 may be fixed resistors, and their resistances may be 5k Ω,100k Ω, and 10 Ω, respectively; the capacitance of the capacitor C401 may be 1uF.

The shunt circuit 40 is connected to the signal control terminal 41. Alternatively, the signal control terminal 41 may be the MCU 301 in the foregoing description. In fact, the signal control terminal 41 is directly connected to the switching device Q401 in the shunt circuit 40, in the case that the switching device Q401 is a fet and the switching device Q402 is a triode, the signal control terminal 41 may be directly connected to the gate of the Q401, the drain of the Q401 is connected to the output terminal of the charging module, the charging module may be the charging module 202 or the charging module 302 in the foregoing description, the source of the Q401 is connected to the resistor R404 and then grounded, and the source of the Q401 is further connected to the capacitor C401 through the resistor R403. Further, the capacitor C401 is directly connected to the base of the switching device Q402. In the embodiment of the present application, the switching device Q401 may be turned on or off under the control of a signal sent by the signal control terminal 41, and the charging and discharging of the capacitor C401 may be adjusted by adjusting the turning on and off of the switching device Q401, so as to adjust the magnitude of the voltage that can be generated by the capacitor C401; the voltage generated by the capacitor C401 may be directly provided to the base stage of the switching device Q402, and when the voltage generated by the capacitor C401 is greater than the turn-on voltage of the switching device Q402, the switching device Q402 is turned on, the resistor R402 obtains a voltage, and a shunt current, i.e., a current flowing through R402, is generated in the shunt circuit 40. It is understood that according to ohm's law, as the voltage across resistor R402 is greater, the shunt current is also greater; similarly, when the voltage across the resistor R402 is smaller, the shunt current is also smaller. Due to the characteristics of the N-channel type triode, the voltage at the two ends of the resistor R402 is positively correlated with the voltage at the two ends of the gate (or base stage of the triode) of the field effect transistor, so that the magnitude of the current divided by the shunt circuit 40 can be indirectly adjusted by adjusting the charging and discharging time of the capacitor C401, and the charging current with a proper current value can be provided for the battery.

Specifically, in the shunt circuit 40, the resistor R403 and the capacitor C401 form a charge and discharge circuit, and since the entire shunt circuit 40 and the circuit in which the battery is located are in a parallel state, according to the characteristics of the parallel circuit, the voltage value obtained by the entire shunt circuit 40 is the same as the voltage value of the branch in which the battery is located (hereinafter referred to as a charging voltage value); therefore, when the switching device Q401 is on, the resistor R403 and the capacitor C401 are connected in series, and the resistor R403 and the capacitor C401 are connected in parallel with the resistor R404; the resistor R403 and the capacitor C401 form a charging circuit, and the voltage value of the branch formed by the resistor R403 and the capacitor C401 is the charging voltage value, at this time, the capacitor C401 starts to charge, the electric energy of the capacitor C401 increases, and the voltage of the capacitor C401 increases. In addition, the voltage value across the resistor R404 is also equal to the charging voltage value, and the current flowing through the resistor R404 flows out through the ground line. With the switching device Q401 blocked, the capacitor C401 has stored electric energy by charging, and at this time, the capacitor C401 is in a discharge state, and the capacitor C401 starts discharging through the resistor R403, the resistor R404, and the ground line, and during the discharge, the stored electric energy of the capacitor C401 decreases, and the voltage of the capacitor C401 decreases. Finally, the charging and discharging process of the capacitor is stabilized in an equilibrium state, that is, the voltage of the capacitor is not changed (or the potential is changed only in a very small range), at this time, the voltage at the gate of Q2 is constant, the voltage at the two ends of the resistor R402 is also constant, and the current flowing through R402 (i.e., the shunt current) is also constant.

As can be seen from the above description, the on and off of the switching device Q401 can be controlled by the signal duty ratio of the level signal applied to the gate (or base) of the switching device Q401 by the signal control terminal 41; similarly, the specific process of charging and discharging the capacitor C401 can also be controlled by the signal duty ratio of the level signal applied to the gate of the switching device Q401 by the signal control terminal 41. Fig. 5 is a control timing diagram of a level signal according to an embodiment of the present application, where the level signal shown in the timing diagram can be generated by the signal control terminal 41 in the foregoing description. As shown in fig. 5, the level signal shown in fig. 5 generates a temporally fluctuating electrical shock (voltage or current) with a certain period T, and it can be seen that the level signal takes two forms of a high level and a low level in different periods of time within one period T. In the time period T1, the level signal is a high level signal, which is equivalent to outputting a high voltage; in the time period T2, the level signal is a low level signal, which is equivalent to outputting a low voltage. Since the switching device Q401 is at a voltage greater than the turn-on voltage at the gate (or base) of the switching device Q401, the switching device Q401 will be in a conducting state, whereas the switching device Q401 will be in a turn-off state. The duty ratio (i.e., T1/T) of the duration (i.e., the duration T1) of the high level signal output by the level signal in one period T in the whole period T may be referred to as the duty ratio of the level signal; in addition, the number of times that the level signal changes in one second period is the frequency f of the level signal, and it can be understood that f =1/T, and the frequency of the level signal is larger when the period T is smaller.

When the level signal shown in fig. 5 is applied to the gate (or the base) of the switching device Q401, the switching device Q401 is periodically turned on and off according to the fluctuation of the level signal, that is, the source and the drain (or the emitter and the collector) of the switching device Q401 are periodically turned on and off.

For example, in the period T shown in fig. 5, the level signal is a low level signal in the period T2 in which the switching device Q401 is in the on state, and the resistor R403, the capacitor C401, and the resistor R404 constitute a charging circuit. Fig. 6 shows an equivalent circuit of the charging circuit. As shown in FIG. 6, the input voltage of the charging circuit is V _in It is understood that in the case where Q401 is in the on state, V is dependent on the characteristics of the parallel circuit _in Is substantially the same as the voltage value output by the charging module in fig. 4, while in the charging circuit shown in fig. 6, the voltage across the branch in which the resistor R403 and the capacitor C401 are located is also V _in . At an input voltage V _in Capacitor C401 begins to charge, the stored energy of capacitor C401 increases, and the voltage of capacitor C401 increases.

Similarly, in the period T shown in fig. 5, the level signal is a high level signal in the time period T1, and the switching device Q401 is in the blocking state in the time period, and the resistor R403, the capacitor C401, and the resistor R404 constitute a discharge circuit. Fig. 7 shows an equivalent circuit of the charging circuit. As shown in fig. 7, the capacitor C401 in the discharge circuit supplies voltage to the entire circuit, the capacitor C401 starts to charge, current flows into the ground through the ground line via the resistor R403 and the resistor R404, the stored electric energy of the capacitor C401 decreases, and the voltage of the capacitor C401 increases.

As is clear from the above description, by controlling the duty ratio of the level signal (the ratio of the time period T1 to the period T), the ratio of the charging time and the discharging time of the capacitor C401 in each period T can be controlled. When the ratio of the level signal is increased, the voltage of the capacitor C401 is correspondingly reduced; similarly, when the duty of the level signal is decreased, the voltage of the capacitor C401 is correspondingly decreasedAnd is increased. It should be noted that, no matter what the duty ratio of the level signal is, at a certain frequency of the level signal at the gate (or base) of the switching device Q401, the final voltage of the capacitor C401 tends to be stable due to the balance of charging and discharging of the capacitor; even if there is fluctuation, the fluctuation is only in a very small range. That is, when the frequency of the level signal is determined, the voltage of the last capacitor C401 is stabilized at a certain value when the duty ratio of the level signal is adjusted to a certain predetermined value, and the voltage value at which the last capacitor C401 is stabilized is referred to as V _B . Then when the voltage of the capacitor C401 is stabilized, since the capacitor is directly connected to the gate (or base) of the switching device Q402, the magnitude of the voltage value at the gate (or base) of the switching device Q402 is V _B . Specifically, as can be seen from the foregoing description, the switching device Q402 may be a voltage-controlled semiconductor device such as an NPN-type triode, and the characteristics of the voltage-controlled semiconductor device indicate that the switching device Q402 has a gate V _B After the resistor is turned on by the voltage, the voltage value at the two ends of the resistor R402 is (V) _B -0.7), the current through R402 (i.e. the shunt current) is (VB-0.7)/R4, where R4 is the resistance value of the resistor R402.

The shunt circuit 40 described above may be applied in the charging circuit of any wearable device, for example in the charging chamber of a TWS headset. During charging, the size of the shunt current of the shunt module can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of a control signal applied to the switching device in the shunt circuit, so that the current actually input to the battery is controlled within a safety range required by the battery, the service life of the battery of the wearable device can be prolonged, and the safety of the charging process is ensured.

In conjunction with the specific structure of the charging circuits 20 and 30 and the specific usage scenario of the shunting circuit 40 provided in the foregoing description, the present application also provides another charging circuit, which can be used for charging a battery to be charged in an electronic device. The electronic device can be a mobile phone, a palm computer, a tablet computer, a portable multimedia player, a Bluetooth headset and the like. In particular, when the electronic device is a device having a charging chamber (e.g., a TWS headset), the charging circuit may be disposed in the charging chamber of the electronic device. Please refer to fig. 8.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The charging circuit 80 is provided with an electricity meter and a shunt module including a shunt circuit therein. During charging, the electricity meter in the charging circuit 80 can collect the current flowing into the battery in real time, when the current is too large, the MCU controls the shunt module to shunt a part of the store current flowing out of the charging module, and the current value of the current actually flowing into the battery (hereinafter referred to as charging current) is adjusted to be within the range required by the battery. As shown in fig. 8, the charging circuit 80 may include an MCU801, a charging module 802, an electricity meter 803, a sampling resistor R801, a shunt module 804, and a level shifter 805. It should be noted that the specific architecture of the charging circuit 80 is shown in fig. 8 in the case where the charging circuit 80 is operating and the battery to be charged is already connected to the charging circuit 80, and in fact, the charging circuit 80 may not contain the battery shown in fig. 8. Wherein:

MCU801 includes I/O (i.e., input/output) modules. The MCU801 may be used as a co-processor for a variety of functions such as input detection for different analog sensors, USB interfaces, and battery charging and monitoring. Specifically, the MCU801 may implement a PWM technique or a function corresponding to the ADC, provide a level signal with an adjustable duty ratio for a pin of an element in the shunting module 804, and provide a corresponding analog voltage for a pin of a corresponding element, so as to control the on/off of a circuit included in the shunting module 804, and the charging/discharging of a charging/discharging circuit. For example, the MCU801 may compare the current output by the charging module 802 with the charging current required by the battery 806 to determine a specific shunt value for the shunt module 804. For another example, when the current flowing into the battery 806 is too large, the MCU801 may provide a signal with a specific duty ratio to a pin of a switching device in the shunting module 804, which is equivalent to turning on the shunting function of the shunting module 804, so as to share a part of the current for the battery, and reduce the current actually flowing into the battery.

The charging module 802 is responsible for transmitting electric energy to the battery and controlling various parameters of the battery during charging, such as charging current and charging cutoff current. In addition, the charging module 802 may provide a suitable charging environment for each parameter, for example, adopt corresponding charging temperature control strategies at different temperatures. In the process of charging the battery, the charging module 802 may be connected to a USB interface in the electronic device to which the charging circuit is applied, and the USB interface may input the electric energy to the charging module 802 through the charging line. In addition, in the present system, the charging module 802 is communicatively connected to the MCU801, and the MCU801 may compare the current output by the charging module 802 with the charging current required by the battery to determine a current adjustment strategy, such as whether to turn on or off the shunting function of the shunting module and the magnitude of the current shunted by the shunting module. In the present system, the charging module 802 can control the magnitude of the current output by the charging module, and output a stable current with a fixed current value (hereinafter referred to as a total current).

And an electricity meter 803 for detecting the magnitude of current flowing into the battery 806, i.e., a charging current, in real time. Specifically, in the present system, the fuel gauge 803 is in communication connection with the MCU801, and may be connected to both ends of the sampling resistor R801; the sampling resistor R801 and the electricity meter 803 are connected in series, and the current flowing through the sampling resistor R801 and the current flowing into the battery 806 have the same current value according to the characteristics of the series circuit. Therefore, during the charging process, the electricity meter 803 may report the current value of the charging current monitored in real time to the MCU801, so that the MCU 301 can determine a specific current adjustment strategy according to the current value. For example, when the charging current of the battery 806 is too large, the electricity meter sends the current value of the charging current to the MCU801, and after the MCU801 receives the current value, the current value is far larger than the current value suitable for the battery through analysis, the MCU801 may apply a level signal with a certain threshold duty ratio to the switching device in the shunting module to turn on the shunting function of the shunting module 804. Or, when the current value of the current divided by the dividing module 804 is too large or too small, the magnitude of the charging current is correspondingly increased or decreased, and the change can be directly measured by the electricity meter 803 and reported to the MCU801, so that the MCU801 can make a corresponding adjustment strategy for the change of the charging current in time.

The shunting module 804 includes a shunting circuit, which may be the shunting circuit 40 in the foregoing description, and may include switching devices Q801, Q802; resistors R803, R804, R802, and capacitor C801. The specific parameters of each device may be adjusted according to the specific charging requirements of the device, which is not limited in this application. For example, when the shunt circuit is applied in a charging chamber of a TWS bluetooth headset, the switching devices Q801, Q802 may be field effect transistors or transistors. The resistors R803, R804, R802 may be constant resistors, and their resistances may be 5k Ω,100k Ω, and 10 Ω, respectively; the capacitance of the capacitor C401 may be 1uF.

The shunt circuit may be connected in parallel with the battery 806 and the branch where the sampling resistor R801 is located. It can be understood that according to the characteristics of the parallel circuit, when the total current output by the charging module 802 is too large, the shunting module 804 can share part of the current output by the charging module. In addition, the shunting module 804 can flexibly adjust the magnitude of the current shared by the battery according to a specific charging environment, and adjust the current value of the current actually flowing into the battery, that is, the charging current, to the range required by the battery 806, so as to prolong the service life of the battery 806 and ensure the safety of the charging process. For specific functions and operation manners of the shunting module 804 and each element or device in the shunting circuit, reference may be made to the foregoing description of fig. 3, which is not described herein again.

The level shifter 805 may adjust a voltage value of the level signal output by the I/O module of the MCU801 to ensure that the switching device Q801 may be normally turned on and off when a voltage of the level signal output by the I/O module is too different from a voltage output by the charging module 802. For example, when the voltage value of the level signal output by the I/O module is 1.8V, and the voltage value output by the charging module is 3.0V, if the level signal output by the I/O module is not level-converted, the equivalent voltage applied to the gate (or base stage) of the switching device Q801 at this time is 1.2V (i.e., 3.0V minus 1.8V); the on-voltage value of the switching device Q801 is about 0.6V, that is, if level conversion is not performed, the switching device Q801 is always in an on state under the action of an equivalent voltage of 1.2V, and the switching device Q801 cannot be normally turned on and off according to the high and low levels output by the MCU801, so that the shunt size of the shunt module cannot be normally controlled. However, after the conversion by the level shifter 805, the voltage value of the level signal output by the I/O module may be increased from 1.8V to 3.0V, and at this time, the equivalent voltage applied to the gate (or the base stage) of the switching device Q801 is 0V, which is smaller than the turn-on voltage value, so that the switching device Q801 may be normally turned on and off according to the high and low levels output by the MCU 801.

The charging circuit 80 in combination with the MCU, the fuel gauge and the level shifter establishes a strict control logic for the shunting circuit 40 in the foregoing description. The magnitude of the shunt current of the shunt module can be flexibly adjusted in real time through the matching of the MCU and the electricity meter, so that the current actually input to the battery is controlled within the safety range required by the battery, the service life of the battery of the wearable device can be prolonged, and the safety of the charging process is ensured; the level converter is additionally arranged to control the level signal, so that the applicability of the shunt circuit and the shunt module is further improved.

Next, a detailed operation of the MCU801 in the charging circuit 80 shown in fig. 8 will be described. The following description may also be referred to for a specific operation manner of the MCU 301 shown in fig. 3, which is not described again.

As can be seen from the foregoing description, in the charging circuit 80, whether the shunt circuit shunts in the shunt module 804 and the magnitude of the shunt current are ultimately determined by the magnitude of the duty ratio of the level signal applied to the shunt module 804. It should be noted that, in practice, the frequency of the level signal applied to the shunting module 804 may also have an influence on the size of the shunt in the shunting circuit. For example, when the MCU801 supplies a level signal to the gate of the switching device Q801 at a frequency of 10K and a level signal to the gate of the switching device Q801 at a frequency of 60K under the condition that the duty ratio is not changed, the voltage value finally reached by the capacitor C801 is different, which inevitably results in different magnitudes of the shunt current. That is, in some embodiments, the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module 804 in the charging circuit 80 may be controlled by adjusting the duty ratio and/or the frequency of the level signal output by the MCU 801. However, in order to control system variables so that the system can control the shunt effect of the shunt module, in the foregoing embodiment and the subsequent embodiments, the frequency of the level signal output by the MCU801 in the charging circuit 80 is a fixed value, and the magnitude of the current shunted by the shunt module 804 in the charging circuit 80 is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the level signal.

It should be noted that, in the charging circuit 80, when the current value collected by the fuel gauge 803 is greater than the minimum charging current of the battery, for example, the current value collected by the fuel gauge R804 is 70mA, and the minimum charging current of the battery 806 is 50mA under the normal environment at this time, in this case, the MCU801 in the charging circuit 80 may not transmit a level signal to the shunting module 804, so as to turn off the shunting function of the shunting module 804 in the charging circuit 80.

When the current value collected by the electricity meter 803 is greater than the current value required by the battery 806 at the time, for example, when the current value collected by the electricity meter 803 is 50mA, and the battery 806 is in a low-temperature and under-voltage environment at the time, the charging current is 20mA, in this case, the MCU801 in the charging circuit 80 transmits a level signal to the switching device Q801 in the shunting module 804, so as to start the shunting function of the shunting module 804.

Specifically, when the charging circuit 80 needs to start the shunting function of the shunting module 804 and adjust the current value of the current shunted by the shunting module 804 to the target size, the MCU801 may adjust the duty ratio multiple times according to the relationship between the current shunted by the shunting module 804 and the duty ratio of the level signal output by the MCU801 and by combining the data collected by the fuel gauge 803, so as to adjust the current value of the current shunted by the shunting module to the target size.

For example, when the current value collected by the fuel gauge 803 is 50mA, and the battery 806 is in a low-temperature and under-voltage environment, the charging current is suitably 20mA. Therefore, the MCU801 needs to control the duty ratio of the output level signal, so that the current divided by the current dividing module 804 is 30mA. As can be seen from the foregoing description, the magnitude of the current divided by the dividing module 804 is positively correlated to the voltage of the capacitor C801, and the voltage of the capacitor C801 depends on the duty ratio of the level signal that the MCU801 needs to output. It is assumed here that when the duty ratio of the level signal output by the MCU801 is N (N is less than or equal to 1), the voltage of the capacitor C801 is Vn, and the current divided by the current dividing module at this time is exactly 30mA. Because the MCU801 cannot directly know that the current divided by the dividing module 804 is exactly 30mA when the duty ratio is N, the MCU801 may output a level signal with the duty ratio of N1 (assuming that N1 is greater than N), and if the current value collected by the fuel gauge 803 is 40mA at this time, indicating that the current divided by the dividing module 804 is 10mA, the MCU801 outputs a level signal with the duty ratio of N2 (N2 is less than N, and N2 is less than or equal to 1), so that the dividing module 804 needs to share a larger current; if the current value acquired by the electricity meter 803 is 15mA later, which indicates that the current divided by the current dividing module 804 is 35mA, the MCU801 outputs a level signal with a duty ratio of N3 (N3 is greater than N2 and N3 is less than N) so that the current dividing module 804 needs to share a smaller current; the duty ratio of the output level signal is repeatedly adjusted according to the value acquired by the fuel gauge 803 until the acquired current value of the fuel gauge 803 is 30mA after the duty ratio is adjusted to N, the MCU801 keeps the duty ratio N unchanged, the level signal is output, the current divided by the current dividing module 804 is stabilized at 30mA, and the current actually flowing into the battery 806 is just 20mA.

It should be noted that the level shifter 805 shown in fig. 8 may be a level shifter supporting phase inversion of a pulse signal. In this case, after the level converter 805 converts the level signal output by the MCU801, the phase of the level signal output by the level converter 805 is opposite to the phase of the original level signal output by the MCU801 in the corresponding period. Taking fig. 9 as an example, the level signal shown in (a) in fig. 9 may be a signal output by the MCU801, and the level signal shown in (B) in fig. 9 may be a signal output by the level shifter 805 that inverts the level of the level signal output by the MCU 801. It can be seen that, in a period Ta, a signal output by the MCU801 is a high level signal in a time period Tb, and is a low level signal in a time period Tc; however, after the level shifter 805 performs level inversion, in one period Ta, the level shifter 805 outputs a low level signal in a time period Tb and outputs a high level signal in a time period Tc. It is understood that in the case that the level shifter 805 reverses the level of the level signal output by the MCU801, when the MCU801 increases the duty ratio of the level signal output by the level shifter 805, the duty ratio of the level signal output by the level shifter 805 to the second switching device will decrease; similarly, when the MCU801 decreases the duty ratio of the level signal it outputs, the duty ratio of the level signal that the level shifter 805 outputs to the second switching device will increase.

Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, in the case that the level shifter 805 is a level shifter supporting phase inversion of the pulse signal, when the indication of the fuel gauge is greater than the current value required by the battery, the MCU801 may increase the duty ratio of the level signal output by the level shifter 801 to decrease the duty ratio of the level signal output by the level shifter 805, so that the shunting module 804 shares a larger current; when the indication of the fuel gauge is smaller than the current value required by the battery, the MCU801 may decrease the duty ratio of the level signal output by the MCU801 to increase the duty ratio of the level signal output by the level shifter 805, so that the shunting module 804 shares a smaller current.

As can be seen from the foregoing description, when the frequency of the level signal output by the MCU801 of the charging circuit 80 is determined, there is a uniquely determined correspondence relationship between the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module 804 in the charging circuit 80 and the duty ratio of the output signal of the MCU 801. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, in the charging circuit 80, a correspondence relationship between the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module 804 and the duty ratio of the output signal of the MCU801 may be stored in the MCU 801. Thus, when the charging circuit 80 needs to start the shunting function of the shunting module 804 and adjust the current value of the current shunted by the shunting module 804 to the target magnitude, the MCU801 may directly adjust the duty ratio of the level signal to the target threshold according to the relationship between the magnitude of the current shunted by the shunting module 804 and the duty ratio of the level signal output by the MCU801, and multiple adjustments are not required.

For example, assume that mapping information between the duty ratio of the level signal output by the MCU801 and the magnitude of the current divided by the current dividing module 804 is stored in the MCU801 of the charging circuit 80, and the mapping information is shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

Duty cycle	The size of the current divided by the current dividing module
		N1	10mA
N2	20mA
		N3	30mA
…	…

When the current value collected by the electricity meter 803 is 50mA and the battery 806 is in a low-temperature and under-voltage environment, the appropriate charging current is 20mA, that is, the MCU801 needs to control the duty ratio of the output level signal, so that the current divided by the current dividing module 804 is 30mA. The MCU801 may directly output a level signal with a duty ratio N3 according to the stored information in table 1, so that the current splitting module 804 needs to share 30mA, and the current actually flowing into the battery 806 is rapidly adjusted to 20mA.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 provided in the present application, and the charging circuit 20 or the charging circuit 30 in the foregoing description may be disposed in the electronic device 100.

The electronic device 100 may include a processor 110, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface 130, a charge management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, and the like.

It is to be understood that the illustrated structure of the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the electronic device 100. In other embodiments of the present application, electronic device 100 may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined, some components may be split, or a different arrangement of components. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

Processor 110 may include one or more processing units, such as: the processor 110 may include an Application Processor (AP), a modem processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), an Image Signal Processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and/or a neural Network Processor (NPU), etc. The different processing units may be separate devices or may be integrated into one or more processors.

The controller can generate an operation control signal according to the instruction operation code and the timing signal to complete the control of instruction fetching and instruction execution. Specifically, the controller may be the MCU 201, the MCU 301, the signal control terminal 41, or the MCU801 in the foregoing description.

A memory may also be provided in processor 110 for storing instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the processor 110 is a cache memory. The memory may hold instructions or data that have just been used or recycled by the processor 110. If the processor 110 needs to reuse the instruction or data, it can be called directly from the memory. Avoiding repeated accesses reduces the latency of the processor 110, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system.

In some embodiments, processor 110 may include one or more interfaces. The interface may include an integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an integrated circuit built-in audio (I2S) interface, a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interface, a Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI), a general purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) interface, and/or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, etc.

The USB interface 130 is an interface conforming to the USB standard specification, and may specifically be a Mini USB interface, a Micro USB interface, a USB Type C interface, or the like. The USB interface 130 may be used to connect a charger to charge the electronic device 100, and may also be used to transmit data between the electronic device 100 and a peripheral device. And the earphone can also be used for connecting an earphone and playing audio through the earphone. The interface may also be used to connect other electronic devices, such as AR devices and the like. It should be understood that the connection relationship between the modules according to the embodiment of the present invention is only illustrative, and is not limited to the structure of the electronic device 100.

In other embodiments of the present application, the electronic device 100 may also adopt different interface connection manners or a combination of multiple interface connection manners in the above embodiments. The charging management module 140 is configured to receive charging input from a charger. The charging management module 140 may also supply power to the electronic device through the power management module 141 while charging the battery 142. In addition, the power management module 141 may also output a current of a fixed current value. The power management module 141 is used to connect the battery 142, the charging management module 140 and the processor 110. The power management module 141 receives input from the battery 142 and/or the charge management module 140 to power the processor 110. The power management module 141 may also be configured to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle number, battery state of health (leakage, impedance), and the like, to adopt corresponding charging temperature control strategies at different temperatures, and to plan a suitable charging current for the battery according to charging environment parameters. In some other embodiments, the power management module 141 may also be disposed in the processor 110. In other embodiments, the power management module 141 and the charging management module 140 may also be disposed in the same device, and in some embodiments of the present application, this device may be referred to as a charging module, such as the charging module 202, the charging module 302, and the charging module 802 in the foregoing description.

As used in the above embodiments, the term "when 8230; may be interpreted to mean" if 8230, "or" after 8230; or "in response to a determination of 8230," or "in response to a detection of 8230," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "at the time of determination of \8230;" or "if (a stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted to mean "if it is determined 8230;" or "in response to the determination of 8230;" or "upon detection (a stated condition or event)" or "in response to the detection (a stated condition or event)" depending on the context.

In the above embodiments, all or part of the implementation may be realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the application to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wirelessly (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk), among others.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, may include the processes of the above method embodiments. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as ROM or RAM, magnetic or optical disks, etc.

Claims

1. A charging circuit for charging a battery, comprising:

the charging module, the control module and the shunting module;

the shunt module comprises a first switch device, a second switch device, a charge-discharge circuit and a second resistor, and the control end of the shunt module is a first pin of the first switch device; the input end of the shunt module is a second pin of the first switch device and a second pin of the second switch device; a third pin of the first switch device is connected with a first end of the charge and discharge circuit, a first pin of the second switch device is connected with a second end of the charge and discharge circuit, a third pin of the second switch device is connected with a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the second resistor is connected with a ground terminal; the third end of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the grounding end;

the charging module is provided with an output end connected with the input end of the battery, the output end of the charging module is connected with the input end of the shunting module, and the control end of the charging module is connected with the first end of the control module; the second end of the control module is connected with the control end of the shunting module;

under the condition that the battery is connected into the charging circuit, the output end of the charging module is connected with the input end of the battery, and the shunt module is connected with the battery in parallel; constant-value current output by the output end of the charging module enters the shunting module from the input end of the shunting module and enters the battery from the input end of the battery respectively; the current value of the constant current is a first current value;

a second end of the control module outputs a first signal, and the first signal enters the shunting module through a control end of the shunting module; the first signal is used for adjusting the output voltage of the second end of the charge and discharge circuit, and the output voltage of the second end of the charge and discharge circuit is positively correlated with the current value shunted by the shunting module; the shunted current value is a difference value between the first current value and a target current value, and the target current value is determined according to the environmental parameters of the current charging environment.

2. The charging circuit of claim 1, further comprising a detection module;

the output of the charging module with the input of battery is connected, includes: the first end of the detection module is connected with the output end of the charging module, the second end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the battery, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the third end of the control module;

the constant current of the output of the charging module, respectively from the input of the shunting module entering the shunting module and from the input of the battery entering the battery include: constant-value current output by the output end of the charging module enters the shunting module from the input end of the shunting module, enters the detection module from the first end of the detection module, and enters the battery from the input end of the battery after flowing out from the second end of the detection module;

the current value flowing into the battery detected by the detection module is a detection value, and the detection value is output to the third end of the control module through the third end of the detection module and enters the control module;

the first signal is used for adjusting the current value shunted by the shunting module and comprises the following steps: the duty ratio of the first signal is used for adjusting the current value shunted by the shunting module; the detection value is used to determine the duty cycle.

3. The charging circuit of claim 2, wherein the detection value used to determine the duty cycle comprises:

reducing the duty ratio of the first signal when the detection value of the detection module is larger than the target current value; increasing the duty ratio of the first signal when the detection value of the detection module is smaller than the target current value; and keeping the duty ratio of the first signal unchanged under the condition that the detection value of the detection module is equal to the target current value.

4. The charging circuit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the detection module comprises a first resistor and an electricity meter,

the first end of detection module with the output of module of charging is connected, the second end of detection module with the input of battery is connected, the third end of detection module with the third end of control module is connected, includes: the first end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the charging module; the first end of the electricity meter is connected with the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the electricity meter is connected with the second end of the first resistor; the second end of the first resistor is connected with the battery; the first resistor is connected with the battery in series;

the constant current of the output of the module that charges is followed respectively the input of reposition of redundant personnel module gets into reposition of redundant personnel module, and follow the first end of detection module gets into detection module follows the second end of detection module flows out the back, follows the input of battery gets into the battery includes: the constant value current of the output of the charging module is respectively from the input of the shunt module enters the shunt module and the first end of the first resistor enters the detection module, and then the second end of the first resistor flows out, so that the input of the battery enters the battery.

5. The charging circuit of claim 4, wherein the charging and discharging circuit comprises a capacitor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor; the first end of the third resistor is the first end of the charge-discharge circuit, and the first end of the capacitor is the second end of the charge-discharge circuit; the second end of the fourth resistor is the third end of the charge and discharge circuit;

a first end of the third resistor is connected with a third pin of the first switching device, and a second end of the third resistor is connected with a first end of the capacitor; a first end of the capacitor is connected with a first end of the second switching device, and a second end of the capacitor is connected with a ground end; a first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the third pin of the first switching device, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected with a ground terminal.

6. The charging circuit of claim 5, further comprising a level shifting module, wherein a third terminal of the level shifting module is connected to the output terminal of the charging module;

the second end of control module with the control end of reposition of redundant personnel module is connected and is included: the second end of the control module is connected with the first end of the level conversion module, the second end of the level conversion module is connected with the control end of the shunt module,

the second end of the control module outputs a first signal, and the first signal enters the shunting module through the control end of the shunting module, and the shunting module comprises: the second end of the control module outputs a first signal to enter the level conversion module from the first end of the level conversion module, and after the voltage conversion is carried out by the level conversion module, the first signal flows out from the second end of the level conversion module and enters the shunt module through the control end of the shunt module.

7. The charging circuit of claim 6, wherein the frequency of the first signal is fixed, and wherein the frequency of the first signal is greater than a third threshold.

8. The charging circuit of claim 7, wherein the first switching device is a switching transistor having a field effect transistor or a transistor, and the second switching device is a switching transistor having a transistor.

9. A charging chip comprising a charging circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An electronic device comprising a power supply circuit, a battery, and the charging circuit of any one of claims 1-8;

the input end of the charging module is connected with the power supply circuit;

the output end of the charging module is connected with the battery.