CN114859180A - Cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous waves - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous waves, which ensures the time synchronism of the head end and the tail end of a cable by installing a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information, can reduce the reflected waves of the double ends of the cable, can effectively utilize all detection data through short-time frequency spectrum matching, has strong anti-interference, can effectively eliminate the interference of opposite-end transmitted signals and the frequency spectrum image of the received signals contains sufficient information through the design of a frequency change function, and can provide better basis for subsequent fault identification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable fault detection, in particular to a cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous waves.
Background
When the cable in the conventional power transmission is damaged under the action of external force or is aged after being used for a long time, faults occur, and when the faults occur on the cable, it is very important to accurately and quickly find out the positions of the faults. The most common method at present is single-ended positioning, also known as single-ended traveling wave ranging. The principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of recording the time of a transient traveling wave reaching a measuring end for the first time and the time of a transient traveling wave returning to a fault point and reaching the measuring end after the transient traveling wave reaches the measuring end after the transient traveling wave is reflected for the first time by utilizing the characteristic that the traveling wave speed is unchanged, and calculating the fault position by utilizing a formula. For a fault point which is far away from the transmitting end, due to the attenuation characteristic of the traveling wave, a reflected signal is very weak, and the positioning precision is influenced; when single-ended positioning is used, a pulse is injected into the cable, and under the action of additional power at a cable fault point, voltage and current waves close to the speed of light can appear in the pulse; when single-ended positioning is used, a detection pulse can be injected into the cable, the bandwidth of the detection pulse sent during testing is limited, the time width is narrow, the detection precision is not high, and the detection is easily influenced by noise.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for double-end location of cable faults based on continuous waves to solve at least the above problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for continuous wave based double-ended localization of a cable fault, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: when a three-stage pulse method is adopted to enable a fault point to be in an arcing state, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of time at the head end and the tail end of the cable, so that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information;
step 2: simultaneously transmitting continuous variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable to obtain different frequency change functions of the signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable;
and step 3: continuously receiving and recording variable frequency signals at the same time through traveling wave receiving devices arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable until the arcing state is finished;
and 4, step 4: calculating the short-time frequency spectrum of the continuous variable frequency signals received by the head end and the tail end of the cable;
and 5: taking a function graph of frequency and time of variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable as a template, carrying out template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying an incident variable frequency signal and a reflected variable frequency signal, and if the reflected variable frequency signal cannot be matched in a binary short-time frequency spectrum at the head end and the tail end of the cable, determining that the cable is normal and has no fault;
and 6: and calculating the fault position of the cable according to the positions of the identified incident frequency conversion signal and the reflected frequency conversion signal on a time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum.
Further, in step 2, the expression of the continuous variable frequency signal is specifically:
wherein s is 1 (n) and s 2 (n) is a transmitted continuous frequency-converted signal, ω, at the near end and the far end 1 (n) and ω 2 (n) is a function of the frequency variation, ω, of the transmitted continuously variable frequency signals at the near end and at the far end 2 (n)＝ω 0 -ω 1 (n)，ω 0 For measuring the center frequency, h, of the frequency range 1 (m) and h 2 (m) is the near and far filter coefficients, and N is the filter order.
Further, in step 3, the filter coefficients are adjusted by an objective function, which is specifically:
wherein H 1 (h 1 (0)，h 1 (1)，…，h 1 (N-1))，H 2 (h 2 (0)，h 2 (1)，…，h 2 (N-1, r1N and r2N are the near end and far end received frequency-converted signals, E is the expectation.
Further, in step 4, calculating the short-time spectrum of the dual-end received signal specifically includes:
w (m) is an analysis window function, x (m) is a received variable frequency signal which needs short-time Fourier processing, and short-time Fourier transform of cable head and tail double-end received signals is respectively calculated.
Further, in step 5, a function graph of frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the head and the tail of the cable is used as a template, template matching is carried out in the short-time frequency spectrum, in addition, the incident variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals are identified, if the reflected variable frequency signals cannot be matched in the binary short-time frequency spectrum at the head and the tail of the cable, the cable is normal and has no fault, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 5.1: carrying out binarization on the image of the short-time frequency spectrum to enable the image to present an obvious outline;
step 5.2: and (3) carrying out opening operation on the binary image to eliminate a small part of background noise, wherein the formula is as follows:
and then carrying out closed operation to remove the foreground noise of the image, wherein the formula is as follows:
the discontinuity of the original target of the image can be connected, etc.;
step 5.3: plot ω in step 2 1 (n) or ω 2 (n) a binarization function graph of time and as a matching template;
step 5.4: search for a match ω in the binarized image of step 5.3 1 (n) or ω 2 The template of (n);
step 5.5: if one matching template is matched in the binary image and the number of the matching templates is more than two graphs, the graph with the earliest time is the emission variable frequency signal, and the graph with the second earliest time is the reflection variable frequency signal.
Further, in step 6, calculating the fault location of the cable according to the identified locations of the incident frequency-converted signal and the reflected frequency-converted signal on the time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum specifically includes:
step 6.1: recording the positions of the emission frequency conversion signals and the reflection frequency conversion signals identified in the binary image in the image;
step 6.2: extracting a frequency spectrum component corresponding to the position of the binaryzation image emission frequency conversion signal in the short-time spectrogram;
step 6.3: carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum component which is taken out in the step 6.2 and corresponds to the frequency conversion signal emitted by the binary image, and converting the frequency spectrum component into a time domain signal;
step 6.4: repeating the steps 6.2 and 6.3 by the same method, and converting the short-time spectrogram and the binary image reflection signal into a time domain;
step 6.5: the transmitted signal and the reflected signal in the time domain are cross-correlated, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation is taken as the time difference between the transmitted signal and the reflected signal, and the formula for solving the cross-correlation function is as follows:
step 6.6: and calculating the position of the fault according to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the cable and the time difference delta t:
step 6.7: the near-end and far-end calculations are averaged as an estimate of the final fault location.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous waves,
(1) compared with a single-end positioning method, the double-end positioning method is adopted, so that the problem of a test blind area in the single-end positioning method can be effectively solved, the problem of attenuation of reflected pulses caused by traveling wave transmission attenuation can be effectively solved, and the integral detection accuracy is improved.
(2) The invention adopts continuous wave detection, can effectively utilize the whole duration of the large pulse, reaches the maximum value of the time-width product under the condition of certain bandwidth, and can effectively improve the accuracy and the robustness of detection.
(3) The invention can reduce the reflected wave at the two ends of the cable, can effectively utilize all detection data through short-time frequency spectrum matching, has strong anti-interference performance, and can effectively eliminate the interference of opposite-end transmitting signals through the design of frequency change functions.
(4) The spectral image of the received signal contains sufficient information to provide a better basis for subsequent fault identification.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a continuous wave-based cable fault double-end positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, the illustrated embodiments are provided to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a continuous wave based cable fault double-end positioning method, comprising the steps of:
step 1: when a three-stage pulse method is adopted to enable a fault point to be in an arcing state, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of time at the head end and the tail end of the cable, so that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information;
illustratively, when a cable fails, an equivalent circuit analysis is performed on the cable, a fault point can be regarded as an equivalent capacitor, when the equivalent capacitor of the failed cable is charged by using a capacitive high-voltage power supply with the equivalent capacitor breakdown voltage being greater than or equal to the equivalent capacitor breakdown voltage, the fault point can be broken down, and meanwhile, the capacitive high-voltage power supply inside the equipment can discharge to the cable through a current-limiting resistor, so that the high-resistance fault of the cable maintains an arcing state, and the electric quantity accumulated on the cable can flow into the ground.
Step 2: simultaneously transmitting continuous variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable to obtain different frequency change functions of the signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable;
and step 3: continuously receiving and recording variable frequency signals at the same time through traveling wave receiving devices arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable until the arcing state is finished;
and 4, step 4: calculating the short-time frequency spectrum of the continuous variable frequency signals received by the head end and the tail end of the cable;
and 5: taking a function graph of frequency and time of variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable as a template, carrying out template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying an incident variable frequency signal and a reflected variable frequency signal, and if the reflected variable frequency signal cannot be matched in a binary short-time frequency spectrum at the head end and the tail end of the cable, determining that the cable is normal and has no fault;
step 6: and calculating the fault position of the cable according to the positions of the identified incident frequency conversion signal and the reflected frequency conversion signal on a time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum.
In step 2, the expression of the continuous variable frequency signal is specifically:
wherein s is 1 (n) and s 2 (n) is a transmitted continuous frequency-converted signal, ω, at the near end and the far end 1 (n) and ω 2 (n) is a function of the frequency variation, ω, of the transmitted continuously variable frequency signals at the near end and at the far end 2 (n)＝ω 0 -ω 1 (n)，ω 0 For measuring the center frequency, h, of the frequency range 1 (m) and h 2 (m) is the near and far filter coefficients, and N is the filter order.
In step 3, the filter coefficients are adjusted by an objective function, which is specifically:
wherein H 1 (h 1 (0)，h 1 (1)，…，h 1 (N-1))，H 2 (h 2 (0)，h 2 (1)，…，h 2 (N-1, r1N and r2N are near-end and far-end received frequency-converted signals, and E is desired.
In step 4, calculating the short-time spectrum of the double-ended received signal specifically includes:
w (m) is an analysis window function, x (m) is a received variable frequency signal which needs short-time Fourier processing, and short-time Fourier transform of cable head and tail double-end received signals is respectively calculated.
In step 5, taking the function graph of the frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the head and the tail of the cable as a template, performing template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying the incident variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals, and if the reflected variable frequency signals cannot be matched in the binary short-time frequency spectrum at the head and the tail of the cable, determining that the cable is normal and has no fault, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
step 5.1: carrying out binarization on the image of the short-time frequency spectrum to enable the image to present an obvious outline;
step 5.2: and (3) carrying out opening operation on the binary image to eliminate a small part of background noise, wherein the formula is as follows:
and then carrying out closed operation to remove the foreground noise of the image, wherein the formula is as follows:
the discontinuity of the original target of the image can be connected, etc.;
step 5.3: plot ω in step 2 1 (n) or ω 2 (n) a binarization function graph of time and as a matching template;
step 5.4: search for a match ω in the binarized image of step 5.3 1 (n) or ω 2 (n) the template;
and step 5.5: if one matching template is matched in the binary image and the number of the matching templates is more than two graphs, the graph with the earliest time is the emission variable frequency signal, and the graph with the second earliest time is the reflection variable frequency signal.
In step 6, calculating the fault location of the cable according to the identified locations of the incident frequency-converted signal and the reflected frequency-converted signal on the time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum specifically as follows:
step 6.1: recording the positions of the emission frequency conversion signals and the reflection frequency conversion signals identified in the binary image in the image;
step 6.2: extracting a frequency spectrum component corresponding to the position of the binaryzation image emission frequency conversion signal in the short-time spectrogram;
step 6.3: carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum component which is taken out in the step 6.2 and corresponds to the frequency conversion signal emitted by the binary image, and converting the frequency spectrum component into a time domain signal;
step 6.4: repeating the steps 6.2 and 6.3 by the same method, and converting the short-time spectrogram and the binary image reflection signal into a time domain;
step 6.5: the transmitted signal and the reflected signal in the time domain are cross-correlated, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation is taken as the time difference between the transmitted signal and the reflected signal, and the formula for solving the cross-correlation function is as follows:
step 6.6: and calculating the position of the fault according to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the cable and the time difference delta t:
step 6.7: the near-end and far-end calculations are averaged as an estimate of the final fault location.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for double-end location of cable faults based on continuous waves, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: when a three-stage pulse method is adopted to enable a fault point to be in an arcing state, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of time at the head end and the tail end of the cable, so that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information;
and 2, step: simultaneously transmitting continuous variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable to obtain different frequency change functions of the signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable;
and step 3: continuously receiving and recording variable frequency signals at the same time through traveling wave receiving devices arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable until the arcing state is finished;
and 4, step 4: calculating the short-time frequency spectrum of the continuous variable frequency signals received by the head end and the tail end of the cable;
and 5: taking a function graph of frequency and time of variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable as a template, carrying out template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying an incident variable frequency signal and a reflected variable frequency signal, and if the reflected variable frequency signal cannot be matched in a binary short-time frequency spectrum at the head end and the tail end of the cable, determining that the cable is normal and has no fault;
step 6: and calculating the fault position of the cable according to the positions of the identified incident frequency conversion signal and the reflected frequency conversion signal on a time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum.
2. The method for locating the double ends of the cable fault based on the continuous wave according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the expression of the continuous variable frequency signal is specifically as follows:
wherein s is 1 (n) and s 2 (n) is a transmitted continuous frequency-converted signal, ω, at the near end and the far end 1 (n) and ω 2 (n) is a function of the frequency variation, ω, of the transmitted continuously variable frequency signals at the near end and at the far end 2 (n)＝ω 0 -ω 1 (n)，ω 0 For measuring the center frequency, h, of the frequency range 1 (m) and h 2 (m) is the near and far filter coefficients, and N is the filter order.
3. The method for double-end positioning of cable faults based on continuous waves as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 3, the filter coefficients are adjusted by an objective function, wherein the objective function is specifically:
wherein H 1 (h 1 (0)，h 1 (1)，...，h 1 (N-1))，H 2 (h 2 (0)，h 2 (1)，...，h 2 (N-1, r1N and r2N are near-end and far-end received frequency-converted signals, and E is desired.
4. The method for locating the double ends of a cable fault based on continuous waves as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 4, the calculating the short-time spectrum of the double-end received signal specifically comprises:
w (m) is an analysis window function, x (m) is a received variable frequency signal which needs short-time Fourier processing, and short-time Fourier transform of cable head and tail double-end received signals is respectively calculated.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 5, a function graph of frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the head and the tail of the cable is used as a template, template matching is performed in the short-time spectrum, the incident variable frequency signal and the reflected variable frequency signal are identified, and if the reflected variable frequency signal is not matched in the binary short-time spectrum at the head and the tail of the cable, the cable is normal and fault-free, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: carrying out binarization on the image of the short-time frequency spectrum to enable the image to present an obvious outline;
step 5.2: and (3) carrying out opening operation on the binary image to eliminate a small part of background noise, wherein the formula is as follows:
and then carrying out closed operation to remove the foreground noise of the image, wherein the formula is as follows:
the discontinuity of the original target of the image can be connected, etc.;
step 5.3: plot ω in step 2 1 (n) or ω 2 (n) a binarization function graph of time and as a matching template;
step 5.4: search for a match ω in the binarized image of step 5.3 1 (n) or ω 2 (n) the template;
step 5.5: if one matching template is matched in the binary image and the number of the matching templates is more than two graphs, the graph with the earliest time is the emission variable frequency signal, and the graph with the second earliest time is the reflection variable frequency signal.
6. The method for locating double ends of cable faults based on continuous waves as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 6, calculating the fault location of the cable according to the identified locations of the incident frequency-converted signal and the reflected frequency-converted signal on the time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum specifically comprises:
step 6.1: recording the positions of the emission frequency conversion signals and the reflection frequency conversion signals identified in the binary image in the image;
step 6.2: extracting a frequency spectrum component corresponding to the position of the variable frequency signal emitted by the binary image in the short-time frequency spectrum;
step 6.3: carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum component which is taken out in the step 6.2 and corresponds to the frequency conversion signal emitted by the binary image, and converting the frequency spectrum component into a time domain signal;
step 6.4: repeating the steps 6.2 and 6.3 by the same method, and converting the short-time spectrogram and the binary image reflection signal into a time domain;
step 6.5: the transmitted signal and the reflected signal in the time domain are cross-correlated, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation is taken as the time difference between the transmitted signal and the reflected signal, and the formula for solving the cross-correlation function is as follows:
step 6.6: and calculating the position of the fault according to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the cable and the time difference delta t:
step 6.7: the near-end and far-end calculations are averaged as an estimate of the final fault location.
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