CN114853498A

CN114853498A - Micron ceramic ball material and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114853498A
Application number: CN202210426727.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王西武; 王宝; 刘典明; 曹颖; 任常彪
Original assignee: Shengli Oilfield Xinhai Xingda Industrial Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Shengli Oilfield Xinhai Xingda Industrial Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-22
Filing date: 2022-04-22
Publication date: 2022-08-05

Abstract

The invention provides a micron ceramic ball material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a ground water phase suspension is emulsified to form a water-in-oil type emulsion, then water phase ceramic powder is obtained by layering and washing, and then the micron ceramic ball material is obtained by calcining, the micron ceramic ball material is formed by stacking network-structured nanocrystals, has rich micropores, the adsorption capacity of the micropores is combined with the adsorption capacity of the nanocrystals, so that the micron ceramic ball material shows excellent adsorption performance, can ensure that heavy metal ions adsorbed on the micron ceramic ball material have good binding capacity, realizes the adsorption and the recycling of the heavy metal ions, and in addition, the ceramic ball material still has good mechanical strength and adsorption capacity under high applied force by regulating and controlling the calcining temperature, has the characteristics of stable structure, high recycling and reutilization, the preparation process is simple, easy to enlarge production and belongs to the field of preparing micron-sized ceramic materials by nanometer structures.

Description

Micron ceramic ball material and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of preparing micron-sized ceramic materials by using nano structures, and particularly relates to a micron ceramic ball material and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The ceramic ball is an inorganic nonmetal spherical functional material, has the characteristics of low solubility in water, stable chemical property, rich pores, simplicity, easy obtainment and the like, is usually used as a filtering and adsorbing medium, and particularly has good application prospect in the aspects of treating heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater, adsorbing high molecular organic matters and the like.

The existing ceramic balls with high adsorption performance are mostly prepared by adopting a traditional emulsion method, the ceramic balls are prepared by a method that an insoluble phase is dispersed in another phase in the form of liquid drops, although an auxiliary agent and a surfactant are added to play a certain stabilizing role in the liquid drops, the stability of an emulsion system is still very limited, the emulsification process is difficult to control, and therefore the stability of the appearance is also influenced. Chinese invention patent CN106313270B discloses a preparation method and application of a porous ceramic ball soil remediation agent for removing heavy metal pollution in dry land, which is prepared by mixing red clay, waste animal bones, rust, lignocellulose biomass and waste soda-lime glass product powder to sinter the porous ceramic ball soil remediation agent, and selectively fixing heavy metals in soil by using active phosphate in porous ceramic pores.

Therefore, the traditional ceramic ball preparation method has the technical problems of complicated preparation process, difficult process control and difficult scale-up production.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a micron ceramic ball material and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of complex process, difficulty in controlling the process and difficulty in scale-up production in the traditional emulsion method for preparing ceramic balls.

The first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for preparing a micron ceramic ball material, which includes the following steps:

(1) mixing ceramic powder, a dispersing agent, a bonding agent and pure water to form a water-phase suspension;

(2) grinding the aqueous suspension prepared in the step (1);

(3) mixing the aqueous suspension obtained in the step (2) with an oily solvent, and adding an emulsifier for emulsification treatment to form a water-in-oil type emulsion;

(4) standing the water-in-oil type emulsion obtained in the step (3), taking a lower layer solution after layering, and washing the lower layer solution to obtain water-phase ceramic powder;

(5) and (4) calcining the water-phase ceramic powder obtained in the step (4) to obtain the micron ceramic ball material.

Preferably, in the step (1), the ceramic powder is any one or a combination of at least two of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate or calcium oxide, and the part of the ceramic powder is 10-20 parts;

the dispersing agent is any one or the combination of at least two of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitan laurate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium polyacrylate, and the part of the dispersing agent is 0.01-0.3 part;

the adhesive is any one or the combination of at least two of polyacrylic resin, hydroxyethyl acrylic resin or chitosan, and the part of the adhesive is 0.05-0.5;

the pure water accounts for 100 parts.

Preferably, in the step (2), the grinding treatment is ball milling, and the ball milling time is 15-24 h.

Preferably, in the step (3), the oily solvent is any one or a combination of at least two of soybean oil, castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, linseed oil, hydrogenated linseed oil and polymerized linseed oil, and the part of the oily solvent is 80-90 parts;

the emulsifier is one or the combination of at least two of glyceryl monostearate, polyoxyethylene oleyl alcohol ether, sorbitol glyceride or glyceryl citrate stearate, and the part of the emulsifier is 0.01-0.1 part.

Preferably, in the step (3), the emulsification treatment is dispersed by using a stirrer, the rotation speed of the stirrer is 1500-3000r/min, and the time of the emulsification treatment is 15-120 min.

Preferably, in the step (4), the lower layer solution is washed with an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is any one or a combination of at least two of n-hexane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-heptane and petroleum ether.

Preferably, in the step (5), the temperature of the calcination treatment is 300-1200 ℃, and the time of the calcination treatment is 4-8 h.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a micron ceramic ball material prepared by the above preparation method, wherein the micron ceramic ball material is formed by stacking network-structured nanocrystals.

In one embodiment, micropores are distributed on the micron ceramic ball material, the micropores are communicated with each other, the average pore diameter of the micropores is 0-40nm, the median value of the particle size of the micron ceramic ball material is 40-80 μm, and the sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material is 0.95-0.99.

The third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an application of the micron ceramic ball material, and the micron ceramic ball material prepared by the above preparation method is applied to adsorption of high molecular organic substances and filtration of heavy metal ions.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the micron ceramic ball material prepared by the invention is formed by stacking network-structured nanocrystals, has rich micropores, and the adsorption capacity of the micropores is combined with the adsorption capacity of the nanocrystals, so that the micron ceramic ball material has excellent adsorption performance, and can ensure that heavy metal ions adsorbed on the micron ceramic ball material have good binding capacity, thereby realizing the adsorption and recycling of the heavy metal ions; in addition, the calcination temperature is regulated and controlled, so that the micron ceramic ball material still has good mechanical strength and adsorption capacity under high external acting force. The micron ceramic ball material provided by the invention is of a nano-mesh structure, has rich micropores and high sphericity, is stable in structure, strong in adsorption capacity, high in compressive strength, high in recovery and reusability, is simple in preparation process, cheap and easily available in raw materials, mild in reaction conditions, capable of recycling byproducts, greatly reduces the production and operation cost, and can realize industrial popularization.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image (SEM) of the sphere structure of the micron ceramic sphere material of example 15 in the present application;

FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the pore structure of the micron ceramic ball material in example 15 of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the micron ceramic ball material in example 15 of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

Example 1

A preparation method of a micron ceramic ball material comprises the following steps:

step (1): mixing 10 parts of calcium phosphate ceramic powder and 100 parts of solvent pure water, adding 0.01 part of dispersant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate under a stirring state, and finally adding 0.1 part of adhesive polyacrylic resin to uniformly mix the materials to form a water phase suspension;

step (2): putting the aqueous phase suspension prepared in the step (1) into a ball mill for ball milling treatment until the aqueous phase suspension is in a flowing state, wherein the ball milling time is 15h, the ball milling medium is zirconium beads, and the diameter of the zirconium beads is 1.2 mm;

and (3): mixing the aqueous suspension obtained in the step (2) with 80 parts of oily solvent soybean oil, and adding 0.01 part of emulsifier glyceryl monostearate for emulsification treatment, wherein the stirring is adopted for stirring and dispersing in the emulsification treatment process, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 1500r/min, and the emulsification time is 120min, so as to form a water-in-oil type emulsion;

and (4): standing the water-in-oil type emulsion obtained in the step (3) for 12 hours, taking a lower layer solution after standing and layering, and washing the lower layer solution for multiple times by adopting an organic solvent n-hexane to obtain water-phase ceramic powder;

and (5): and (5) placing the water-phase ceramic powder obtained in the step (4) in a muffle furnace for heating and calcining, wherein the calcining temperature is 700 ℃, and the calcining time is 6 hours, so as to obtain the micron ceramic ball material.

The performance of the micron ceramic ball material prepared in this example was measured.

Example 2

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: and (2) adding 0.15 part of dispersant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the step (1), and performing other steps.

Example 3

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: 0.3 part of dispersant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is added in the step (1), and other steps are the same.

TABLE 1

Referring to table 1, it is shown in examples 1, 2, and 3 that when the amount of the dispersant added is low, the fluidity of the aqueous suspension is poor, resulting in uneven dispersion, gradual agglomeration of particles, and poor specific surface area and sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material; when the addition amount of the dispersing agent is higher, the dispersing agent reduces the viscosity of the aqueous suspension, so that the aqueous suspension has higher fluidity, agglomeration among crystal grains is avoided, and the specific surface area and the sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material are better; however, when the dispersant is added in an excessive amount, the stability of the aqueous suspension is affected, the viscosity thereof rises to some extent, secondary agglomeration is formed among the crystal grains, and the sphericity and the specific surface area are slightly reduced, so that the optimal addition amount of the dispersant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is selected to be 0.15 part in order to ensure the fluidity of the aqueous suspension and avoid agglomeration among the crystal grains.

Example 4

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 2 is: adding 15 parts of calcium phosphate ceramic powder in the step (1), and carrying out the same other steps.

Example 5

The difference between the implementation method and the embodiment 2 is that: and (2) adding 20 parts of calcium phosphate ceramic powder in the step (1), and performing the same other steps.

TABLE 2

	Yield of	Degree of sphericity
			Example 2	50％	0.95
Example 4	73％	0.95
			Example 5	40％	0.58

Referring to table 2, it is shown that the yield and performance test data of the ceramic microsphere material with different amounts of calcium phosphate ceramic powder added are shown in examples 2, 4 and 5, and it can be seen that the yield of the ceramic microsphere material is lower and the sphericity is better when the amount of the ceramic powder added is lower; with the increase of the addition of the ceramic powder, the yield of the micron ceramic ball material is improved, but when the addition of the ceramic powder is too high, the yield of the micron ceramic ball material is rapidly reduced, and the probability of balling is greatly reduced, so that the optimal addition of 15 parts of the calcium phosphate ceramic powder is selected.

Example 6

The difference between the implementation method and the embodiment 4 is that: and (2) adding 0.05 part of adhesive polyacrylic resin in the step (1), and performing the same other steps.

Example 7

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 4 is: and (3) adding 0.5 part of adhesive polyacrylic resin in the step (1), and performing the same steps.

TABLE 3

	Yield of	Degree of sphericity
			Example 4	73％	0.95
Example 6	73％	0.70
			Example 7	0％	0.58

Please refer to table 3, which shows the productivity and performance test data of the ceramic microsphere material with different amounts of the polyacrylic resin binder, it can be seen from examples 4, 6 and 7 that the sphericity of the ceramic microsphere material is lower when the amount of the polyacrylic resin binder is lower; the sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material is improved along with the increase of the addition amount of the adhesive, but when the addition amount of the adhesive is too high, the fluidity of the aqueous suspension is affected, and the ceramic powder is difficult to emulsify into balls, so the optimal addition amount of the adhesive polyacrylic resin is selected to be 0.1 part.

Example 8

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 4 is: the ball milling time in the step (2) is 20h, and other steps are the same.

Example 9

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 4 is: the ball milling time in the step (2) is 24h, and other steps are the same.

From examples 4, 8 and 9, it can be seen that when the ball milling time is low, the aqueous suspension is not uniformly dispersed, and the ceramic powder is bonded together, so that the dispersing effect cannot be achieved; along with the increase of the ball milling time, the water phase suspension liquid is in a flowing state, and the dispersion degree is more uniform; when the ball milling time is high, the particles in the aqueous suspension are coarsened, so the optimal time for ball milling is 20 h.

Example 10

The difference between the present implementation method and the embodiment 8 is: and (4) adding 85 parts of soybean oil serving as an oily solvent into the step (3), and performing other steps in the same way.

Example 11

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 8 is: and (4) adding 90 parts of oily solvent soybean oil in the step (3), and performing other steps in the same way.

TABLE 4

	Median particle size/(μm)	Degree of sphericity
			Example 8	70	0.95
Example 10	74	0.99
			Example 11	74	0.99

Referring to table 4, as shown in examples 8, 10 and 11, when the amount of the oily solvent added is different, the particle size of the micron ceramic ball material is smaller and the sphericity is slightly worse, and as the amount of the oily solvent added is increased, the median particle size and the sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material are also increased, but when the amount of the oily solvent added is too high, the median particle size and the sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material are not increased, so that the optimal amount of the oily solvent added is 85 parts.

Example 12

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 10 is: and (4) adding 0.05 part of emulsifier glyceryl monostearate into the step (3), and performing other steps.

Example 13

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 10 is: and (4) adding 0.1 part of emulsifier glyceryl monostearate in the step (3), and the other steps are the same.

From examples 10, 12, and 13, it can be seen that when the amount of the emulsifier glyceryl monostearate added is relatively low, the emulsified microspheres aggregate into centimeter-sized spheres, the particle size of the emulsified microspheres gradually decreases and the amount thereof increases with the increase of the amount of the emulsifier, and when the amount of the emulsifier added is relatively high, the particle size distribution of the emulsified microspheres is relatively uniform, so that the optimal amount of the emulsifier glyceryl monostearate added is 0.1 part.

Example 14

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 13 is: the rotating speed of the stirrer in the step (3) is 1700r/min, and other steps are the same.

Example 15

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 13 is: the rotating speed of the stirrer in the step (3) is 2200r/min, and other steps are the same.

Example 16

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 13 is: the rotating speed of the stirrer in the step (3) is 2500r/min, and other steps are the same.

Example 17

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 13 is: the rotating speed of the stirrer in the step (3) is 3000r/min, and other steps are the same.

From examples 13-17, it can be seen that when the rotation speed of the agitator is too low, the particle size distribution of the emulsified microspheres is not uniform, and the particle size distribution of the emulsified microspheres gradually decreases with the increase of the amount of the emulsifier, and the particle size distribution is smaller, but when the rotation speed of the agitator is too high, the particle size distribution of the emulsified microspheres is smaller, so that the rotation speed of the agitator is preferably 1700-2500r/min, and more preferably 2200r/min, in order to make the particle size distribution of the ceramic microspheres uniform.

Example 18

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 15 is: the emulsification time in step (3) is 15min, and other steps are the same.

Example 19

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the emulsification time in step (3) was 65min, and the other steps were the same.

TABLE 5

	Median particle size/(μm)	Coefficient of width
			Example 15	75	1.5
Example 18	40	2.7
			Example 19	61	1.9

Referring to table 5, it is shown that the performance test data of the micron ceramic ball material at different emulsification times, as can be seen from examples 15, 18, and 19, when the emulsification time is lower, the median of the particle size of the micron ceramic ball material is smaller, and the particle size distribution is not uniform; along with the increase of the emulsification time, the median value of the particle size of the micron ceramic ball material is increased, and the particle size distribution has smaller difference; when the emulsifying time is higher, the particle size distribution of the micron ceramic ball material is more uniform, so the optimal emulsifying time is 120 min.

Example 20

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the calcination temperature in step (5) was 300 ℃ and the other steps were the same.

Example 21

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 15 is: the calcination temperature in step (5) was 400 ℃ and the other steps were the same.

Example 22

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the calcination temperature in step (5) was 550 ℃ and the other steps were the same.

Example 23

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the calcination temperature in the step (5) is 800 ℃, and other steps are the same.

Example 24

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the calcination temperature in step (5) was 1000 ℃ and the other steps were the same.

Example 25

The difference between the present embodiment method and embodiment 15 is: the calcination temperature in step (5) was 1200 ℃, and the other steps were the same.

TABLE 6

Referring to table 6, it is shown in the performance test data of the micron ceramic ball material at different calcination temperatures, from examples 15 and 20-25, it can be seen that when the calcination temperature is lower, the average pore size of the micropores of the micron ceramic ball material is smaller, the specific surface area is larger, but the temperature is lower, the organic impurities are difficult to be effectively removed, and the comprehensive adsorption performance is poorer; along with the increase of the calcining temperature, the average pore diameter of micropores of the micron ceramic ball material is increased, and the specific surface area is gradually reduced; however, when the calcination temperature is too high, the pores of the micron ceramic ball material collapse, the specific surface area decreases rapidly, and the adsorption performance deteriorates, so the calcination temperature is preferably 400-1000 ℃, and more preferably 550-800 ℃.

Example 26

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the calcination time in the step (5) is 4h, and other steps are the same.

Example 27

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the calcination time in the step (5) is 8h, and other steps are the same.

TABLE 7

Please refer to table 7, which shows the performance test data of the micron ceramic ball material at different calcination times, as can be seen from examples 15, 26, and 27, when the calcination time is shorter, the average pore diameter of the micropores of the micron ceramic ball material is smaller, the specific surface area is larger, but the organic impurities are difficult to be effectively removed at shorter time, and the comprehensive adsorption performance is poorer; along with the increase of the calcination time, the average pore diameter of micropores of the micron ceramic ball material is increased, and the specific surface area is gradually reduced; however, when the calcination time is too long, the pores of the micron ceramic ball material collapse, the specific surface area rapidly decreases, and the adsorption performance is deteriorated, so that the calcination time is preferably 6 hours.

In summary, the optimal preparation conditions of the micron ceramic ball material are as follows: 0.15 part of dispersant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 15 parts of calcium phosphate ceramic powder, 0.1 part of adhesive polyacrylic resin, 20 hours of ball milling time, 85 parts of oily solvent soybean oil, 0.1 part of emulsifier glycerin monostearate, 2200r/min of stirring machine rotating speed, 120 minutes of emulsifying time, 700 ℃ of calcining temperature and 6 hours of calcining time.

The micron ceramic ball material is prepared under the optimal preparation condition, and the performance of the micron ceramic ball material is measured, as shown in figure 1, the SEM picture of the sphere structure of the micron ceramic ball material in the application example 15 is shown, the SEM picture of a sample is analyzed by adopting a JSM-7001F type field emission scanning electron microscope (35VP), the operating voltage is 2-15keV, as can be seen from figure 1, the calcium phosphate ceramic powder after calcination treatment is spherical, the sphericity is better, and the particle size of the formed micron ceramic ball material is about 75 μm.

As shown in fig. 2, which is an SEM image of the pore structure of the micron ceramic ball material in example 15 of the present application, it can be seen from fig. 2 that the micron ceramic ball material is formed by stacking a plurality of rod-shaped nanocrystals, and the voids between the rod-shaped nanocrystals lead to the micron ceramic ball material having a plurality of micropores with similar sizes, a large specific surface area, and a plurality of adsorption active sites. As shown in fig. 3, which is a distribution diagram of the particle size of the ceramic microsphere material in example 15 of the present application, it can be seen from fig. 3 that the median particle size of the ceramic microsphere material is 75 μm.

Comparative example 1

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: the oily solvent in the step (3) is a synthetic organic oil phase, and other steps are the same.

As can be seen from comparative example 1, when the synthetic organic oil phase was added and the oil phase was mixed with the aqueous phase, the oil phase agglomerated at the bottom layer, and after stirring in a stirrer, the aqueous phase agglomerated at the bottom layer, and no spherical particles appeared after calcination; in example 15, when vegetable oil soybean oil was added as an oily solvent, a water-in-oil emulsion was obtained by stirring and was uniformly dispersed.

Comparative example 2

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 15 is: and (5) removing the operation of the step (5), and the other steps are the same.

As can be seen from comparative example 2, when the water-phase ceramic powder was not calcined, the obtained ceramic microsphere material had a particle size ranging from 20 to 60 μm, a smaller particle size and an uneven particle size distribution; in example 15, the range of particle size of the micron ceramic ball material is 40-80 μm, and the particle size and particle size distribution are suitable.

The micron ceramic ball materials obtained in examples 1 to 27 were applied to adsorption of high molecular organic substances and filtration of heavy metal ions.

The invention provides a micron ceramic ball material and a preparation method and application thereof, which comprises the steps of emulsifying ground aqueous suspension to form water-in-oil emulsion, layering and washing the water-in-oil emulsion to obtain aqueous ceramic powder, calcining the aqueous ceramic powder to obtain the micron ceramic ball material, the micron ceramic ball material is formed by stacking network-shaped nano crystals, has rich micropores and high sphericity, has stable structure and high compressive strength, has excellent adsorption capacity to high molecular organic matters and heavy metal ions, has the characteristics of high recovery and reutilization, the preparation process is simple, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the reaction conditions are mild, the by-products can be recycled, the production operation cost is greatly reduced, can realize industrialized popularization, and can be widely applied to the aspects of macromolecular organic matter adsorption and heavy metal ion filtration.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a micron ceramic ball material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(2) grinding the aqueous suspension prepared in the step (1);

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ceramic powder is any one or a combination of at least two of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate or calcium oxide, and the part of the ceramic powder is 10-20 parts;

the pure water accounts for 100 parts.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the grinding treatment is ball milling, and the ball milling time is 15-24 h.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the oily solvent is any one or a combination of at least two of soybean oil, castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, linseed oil, hydrogenated linseed oil and polymerized linseed oil, and the part of the oily solvent is 80 to 90 parts;

5. The preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the emulsification treatment is dispersed by a stirrer, the rotation speed of the stirrer is 1500-3000r/min, and the time of the emulsification treatment is 15-120 min.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the lower layer solution is washed with an organic solvent, which is any one or a combination of at least two of n-hexane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-heptane, and petroleum ether.

7. The preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the temperature of the calcination treatment is 300-1200 ℃, and the time of the calcination treatment is 4-8 h.

8. A micron ceramic ball material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the micron ceramic ball material is formed by stacking network-structured nanocrystals.

9. The micron ceramic ball material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the micron ceramic ball material has micropores distributed thereon, the micropores are interconnected, the average pore size of the micropores is 0-40nm, the median particle size of the micron ceramic ball material is 40-80 μm, and the sphericity of the micron ceramic ball material is 0.95-0.99.

10. The application of the micron ceramic ball material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-7 in polymer organic matter adsorption and heavy metal ion filtration.