CN114837864A - 用于燃料喷射***的高压泵 - Google Patents
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
- F02M59/442—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston means preventing fuel leakage around pump plunger, e.g. fluid barriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
- F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
- F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
- F02M59/48—Assembling; Disassembling; Replacing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
- F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
- F04B1/0421—Cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
- F04B1/053—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with actuating or actuated elements at the inner ends of the cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/02—Packing the free space between cylinders and pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
- F04B53/162—Adaptations of cylinders
- F04B53/164—Stoffing boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
- F04B9/04—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
- F04B9/042—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms the means being cams
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于燃料喷射***的高压泵(1),包括至少一个泵元件(2),所述泵元件具有能够往复运动的泵活塞(3),所述泵活塞在一端被接收在缸孔(4)中并且在另一端例如通过滚轮挺杆(5)支撑在凸轮轴(6)上。根据本发明,在所述泵活塞(3)的区域中,活塞密封环(7)以及支承垫片(8)被装入到所述缸孔(4)中,其中,所述支承垫片(8)被孔(9)贯穿,该孔具有至少一个锥形成形的端部区段(10、11)或者被以半径(R)倒圆的轮廓限界,从而构成导入锥或者类似导入锥的几何结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于燃料喷射***的高压泵。借助于该高压泵可以压缩燃料,例如柴油燃料。因此,该燃料喷射***尤其可以是共轨喷射***。
背景技术
用于喷射柴油燃料的喷射***、尤其共轨喷射***由现有技术充分已知。通常,这些***包括用于储存柴油燃料的箱、用于从箱提取柴油燃料的预输送泵和用于对柴油燃料加载高压的高压泵。所述高压泵通常实施为活塞泵,尤其实施为串联活塞泵,并且包括至少一个具有能往复运动的泵活塞的泵元件,所述泵活塞在一端被接收在缸孔中并且在另一端通过滚轮挺杆支撑在凸轮轴上。泵活塞的背离凸轮轴的端部在缸孔的内部限界出泵工作室,该泵工作室可通过进入阀被填充燃料。存在于泵工作室中的燃料借助于泵活塞被加载高压并且通过排出阀被供应给高压储存器、所谓的“轨”。
上述类型的高压泵例如由同一申请人的WO 2015/055452 A1得出。
发明内容
从上述现有技术出发,本发明的任务在于,更可靠且更简单地构型高压泵的装配。尤其要简化泵活塞的装配。
为了解决该任务,提出根据本发明的高压泵。本发明的有利的改进方案可以由说明书中得出。
为燃料喷射***所提出的高压泵包括至少一个泵元件,该泵元件具有可往复运动的泵活塞,该泵活塞在一端被接收在缸孔中并且在另一端例如通过滚轮挺杆支撑在凸轮轴上。根据本发明,在泵活塞的区域中,活塞密封环以及支承垫片被装入到缸孔中,其中,支承垫片被孔贯穿,该孔具有至少一个锥形成形的端部区段或者被以半径R倒圆的轮廓限界,从而构成导入锥或者类似导入锥的几何结构。
在装配高压泵时,首先将活塞密封环和支承垫片装入到缸孔中,随后装入泵活塞。在此,支承垫片保护活塞密封环免受损坏。也就是说,支承垫片前置于密封环,使得泵活塞在装配时首先被引导穿过支承垫片的孔并且然后穿过活塞密封环。
因为支承垫片的孔构成导入锥或类似导入锥的几何形状,所以所述孔使泵活塞关于活塞密封环以及关于缸孔的对中变容易。因此,导入锥用作接合辅助部。尤其是,导入锥抵抗泵活塞的倾斜位置,从而减小在将泵活塞装入到缸孔中时活塞密封环和/或泵活塞损坏的危险。
为了在装入到缸孔中时能够最佳地引导泵活塞,孔的最小内直径优选匹配于泵活塞的外直径。此外优选地,孔的最小内直径略大于泵活塞的外直径。由此保证,支承垫片不妨碍泵活塞的装入。
在支承垫片的孔具有至少一个锥形成形的端部区段的情况下,柱形区段优选衔接于锥形成形的端部区段。泵活塞同样通过该柱形区段受引导,该引导尤其抵抗泵活塞的倾斜位置。该孔的柱形区段优选布置在两个锥形成形的端部区段之间,更确切地说还优选居中地布置。也就是说,该孔在两侧分别具有引入锥,从而使得支承垫片的安装位置不重要。高压泵的装配可以由此进一步被简化。
柱形区段可以构造成与所述至少一个锥形成形的端部区段一样长或比其长。如果该孔被分成三个区段,也就是说其具有两个锥形成形的端部区段和一个位于其间的柱形区段,则优选所有三个区段一样长。
此外提出,所述至少一个锥形成形的端部区段具有50°至90°、优选60°至80°的锥角。该锥角相应于导入锥的张角。张角越大,泵活塞的导入越简单。张角越小,泵活塞的引导越好。所提出的锥角在这个目标冲突中是合适的折衷。
此外,支承垫片的孔优选关于支承垫片对中地布置。也就是说,所述孔居中地穿过支承垫片。因此,在将支承垫片装入到缸孔中时,不必注意支承垫片的角度位置。因此进一步简化了高压泵的装配。
支承垫片有利地是旋转对称的,从而其能简单地制造。替代地或补充地提出,支承垫片在横截面中成镜像地实施。因此,在将支承垫片装入到缸孔中时,支承垫片的哪个侧向外指向是无关紧要的,因为所述孔在两侧都构成引入锥。
根据本发明的一个优选的实施方式,为了接收活塞密封环和/或支承垫片,缸孔单台阶或多台阶地实施。阶梯式的实施方案使得构成径向延伸的凸肩,该凸肩可用于轴向地支撑活塞密封环和/或支承垫片。轴向的支撑防止在装入泵活塞时活塞密封环和/或支承垫片在轴向方向上移动。优选地,缸孔在其面向凸轮轴的端部上单台阶或多台阶地实施。这使得活塞密封环和/或支承垫片的装入变容易,因为从该侧进行安装使得安装深度相对较小。
在本发明的改进方案中提出,支承垫片借助卡紧环保持在缸孔中。所述卡紧环在径向预紧下支撑在缸孔上,从而由此将卡紧环以及支承垫片和活塞密封环位置固定。优选地,卡紧环被装入到缸孔的环绕的槽中,从而附加地确保卡紧环的轴向位置。
附图说明
下面借助附图对本发明及其优点进行详细阐述。这些附图示出:
图1根据本发明的高压泵的纵剖面,
图2图1的在缸孔的区域中的放大局部,
图3在装配泵活塞之前图2的缸孔,
图4用于根据本发明的高压泵的支承垫片的纵剖面,
图5图4的在孔的区域中的放大局部,和
图6用于根据本发明的高压泵的替代的支承垫片的纵剖面。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的高压泵1用于以高压输送燃料。为此,该高压泵包括多个(在此为两个)泵元件2,这些泵元件相同地构造。左侧的泵元件2在图1中被剖切地和右侧的泵元件2在一个视图中示出。这两个泵元件2的驱动通过高压泵1的凸轮轴6实现。
如尤其从泵元件2的左侧的剖面图中得出的那样,两个泵元件2分别具有泵活塞3,所述泵活塞在一端接收在缸孔4中并且在另一端通过滚轮挺杆5支撑在凸轮轴6上。因此,通过凸轮轴6的旋转使泵活塞3往复运动。在此,所述泵活塞改变在相应的缸孔4中构成的泵工作室15的容积,所述泵工作室在高压泵1的运行中填充有燃料,从而所述燃料被压缩。
图2以放大图示出图1的以“II”标记的局部,使得能够清楚地看到,还将活塞密封环7、支承垫片8以及卡紧环13装入到缸孔4中。活塞密封环7用于介质分离,例如用于分离燃料和油,所述介质用于润滑高压泵1的驱动机构。支承垫片8用于保护活塞密封环7。该支承垫片在活塞密封环7和卡紧环13之间作用。为了接收活塞密封环7和支承垫片8,缸孔4双台阶地实施,从而活塞密封环7和支承垫片8分别在轴向方向上支撑在一个台阶16、17上。为了接收卡紧环13,缸孔4具有环绕的槽14。因此,卡紧环13确保活塞密封环7和支承垫片8的轴向位置。当活塞密封环7和支承垫片8在泵活塞3之前装入到缸孔4中使得它们防丢失地保持在缸孔4中时,这尤其是有利的。如果随后(如示例性地在图3中所示的那样)装入泵活塞3,则支承垫片8保护活塞密封环7以防由于泵活塞3而损坏。
如尤其从图4和5中得出的那样,支承垫片8具有用于接收泵活塞3的中央孔9,该中央孔被分成多个区段,更确切地说分成两个锥形成形的端部区段10、11以及一个布置在其间的柱形区段12。所有三个区段大致等长地构造(l1=l2=l3)。总长度L相应于支承垫片8的厚度。两个锥形成形的端部区段10、11向外敞开,从而它们分别构成导入锥,所述导入锥使泵活塞3到缸孔4中的装入变容易。张角相应于锥角α,该锥角在此(示例性地)为35°。在图4和图5中示出的支承垫片8不仅旋转对称地实施,而且此外在横截面中成镜像地实施。支承垫片8的安装位置因此不重要。在所有安装位置中,所述支承垫片构成用于泵活塞3的导入锥,所述导入锥使泵活塞3到缸孔4中的装入变容易。
支承垫片8的一种替代的实施方式从图6中得出。在此,孔9不具有锥形成形的端部区段10、11,而是通过以半径R倒圆的轮廓来限界。以这种方式同样提供了一种在装入时自动对中泵活塞3的导入几何结构,该导入几何结构非常类似于导入锥。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于燃料喷射***的高压泵(1),包括至少一个泵元件(2),所述泵元件具有能够往复运动的泵活塞(3),所述泵活塞在一端被接收在缸孔(4)中并且在另一端例如通过滚轮挺杆(5)支撑在凸轮轴(6)上,
其特征在于,在所述泵活塞(3)的区域中,活塞密封环(7)以及支承垫片(8)被装入到所述缸孔(4)中,其中,所述支承垫片(8)被孔(9)贯穿,该孔具有至少一个锥形成形的端部区段(10、11)或者被以半径(R)倒圆的轮廓限界,从而构成导入锥或者类似导入锥的几何结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,所述孔(9)的最小内直径匹配于所述泵活塞(3)的外直径,优选略大于所述泵活塞(3)的外直径。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,柱形区段(12)衔接于所述支承垫片(8)的孔(9)的锥形成形的端部区段(10、11),其中,所述柱形区段(12)优选布置在两个锥形成形的端部区段(10、11)之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,所述柱形区段(12)构造成与所述至少一个锥形成形的端部区段(10、11)一样长或比其长。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,所述至少一个锥形成形的端部区段(10、11)具有50°至90°、优选60°至80°的锥角(α)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,所述孔(9)关于所述支承垫片(8)对中地布置。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,所述支承垫片(8)旋转对称地和/或在横截面中成镜像地实施。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,为了接收所述活塞密封环(7)和/或所述支承垫片(8),所述缸孔(4)优选在其面向所述凸轮轴(6)的端部上单台阶地或多台阶地实施。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的高压泵(1),
其特征在于,所述支承垫片(8)借助卡紧环(13)保持在所述缸孔(4)中,所述卡紧环优选装入到所述缸孔(4)的环绕的槽(14)中。
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