CN114833290B - Cold heading forming system based on ECAP (ECAP) treatment - Google Patents
Cold heading forming system based on ECAP (ECAP) treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114833290B CN114833290B CN202210352041.1A CN202210352041A CN114833290B CN 114833290 B CN114833290 B CN 114833290B CN 202210352041 A CN202210352041 A CN 202210352041A CN 114833290 B CN114833290 B CN 114833290B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/10—Manipulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cold heading processing, and discloses a cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing, which comprises a clamping and transferring mechanism, an ECAP die, a cold heading forming die, a supporting mechanism and a stamping mechanism, wherein the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring; the ECAP mold is provided with an ECAP mold cavity, and the ECAP mold cavity is used for receiving the alloy billet rod and outputting the ECAP billet rod; the cold heading forming die is provided with a cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving the ECAP blank rod; the stamping mechanism is used for stamping the alloy billet rod to form the ECAP billet rod and for cold upsetting the ECAP billet rod, the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing supporting section for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet rod, when the pushing supporting section supports the ECAP billet rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the cold upsetting forming cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cold heading processing, and particularly relates to a cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing.
Background
The original processing original sheet and method are replaced, and the processing of the aviation fastener by adopting a new processing original sheet, a new process and a new method is to improve the performance of the aviation fastener and reduce the production cost, so that the processing of the aviation fastener is a development target of the current or future processing of the aviation fastener.
The processing and manufacturing method of the rivet fastener mainly comprises the processing methods of organic addition, casting, cold heading, hot heading and the like, wherein the cold heading has the advantages of simple working procedure, low cost, high efficiency, no need of post heat treatment and the like, and is a process for processing, forming and manufacturing the high-strength fastener. The traditional cold heading processing technology has small plastic deformability of materials and insufficient reinforcing effect on material performance, so that the mechanical properties of the rivet cannot meet the preset requirements under certain application occasions. The equal channel angular extrusion processing technology (ECAP technology) belongs to a processing mode of large plastic denaturation and severe shaping deformation, and the metal material almost generates pure shearing in the deformation process, so that the crystal grains of the metal material are thinned, and the method is an effective method for preparing the superfine crystal material.
In the existing concrete practice of cold heading forming by using ECAP, automation is still at a very low level, namely, the related labor cost is high, and the machining efficiency is greatly reduced due to frequent secondary transportation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing, which can realize the full automation of the cold heading forming based on ECAP, thereby greatly reducing the related labor cost and obviously improving the processing efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a cold-heading forming system based on ECAP processing for cold-heading forming an alloy billet rod, comprising: the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring; the ECAP mould is positioned near the clamping and transferring mechanism and is provided with an ECAP mould cavity bent at a right angle, and the ECAP mould cavity is used for receiving the alloy steel billet rod clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism and outputting the alloy steel billet rod processed by ECAP and is used as an ECAP steel billet rod; the cold heading forming die is positioned near the ECAP die and is provided with a straight cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving ECAP blank rods clamped and transported by the clamping and transporting mechanism; the support mechanism is positioned near one side of the cold heading forming die and is used for pushing the ECAP blank rod in the cold heading forming cavity and supporting the ECAP blank rod on one side; and the stamping mechanism is positioned between the ECAP die and the cold heading forming die and is used for stamping the alloy billet rod positioned in the ECAP die cavity to form the ECAP billet rod and carrying out cold heading on the ECAP billet rod supported in the cold heading forming cavity, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing supporting section for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet rod, when the pushing supporting section supports the ECAP billet rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity.
Preferably, the stamping mechanism comprises a stamping base, a first driving motor, a rotating seat, a second driving motor, a force arm assembly and a stamping head assembly, wherein the rotating seat can be horizontally and rotatably arranged on the stamping base through the first driving motor, the force arm assembly comprises a first sub force arm, a second sub force arm and a third sub force arm which are hinged in sequence, one end of the first sub force arm is vertically and rotatably arranged on the rotating seat through the second driving motor, the second sub force arm is hinged to the other end of the first sub force arm, the first sub force arm and the second sub force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane, the third sub force arm is hinged to one end of the second sub force arm, the second sub force arm and the third sub force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane, the stamping head assembly comprises a head base, a stamping cylinder and a stamping head, the head base is hinged to one end of the third sub force arm, the stamping cylinder and the stamping head are all arranged in the head base, and the stamping cylinder drives the stamping head to move along a straight line, so that the Jin Gangpi rod is stamped or the ECAP rod is subjected to cold upsetting.
Further, the end of the punching head along the moving direction is provided with a pressure sensor for feeding back the reaction force applied by the punching head during punching.
Further, the stamping mechanism further comprises a connecting rod, a first driving piston and a second driving piston, the connecting rod comprises a first sub-connecting rod and a second sub-connecting rod which are hinged end to end, the end part of the first sub-connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, the end part of the second sub-connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the other end of the second sub-force arm, so that when the first sub-force arm rotates relative to the rotating seat, the first sub-connecting rod and the second sub-connecting rod are hinged to rotate, the second sub-force arm is driven to rotate relative to the first sub-force arm, the first driving piston and the second driving piston are arranged on the second sub-force arm, the output ends of the first driving piston and the second driving piston are respectively arranged on the other end of the third sub-force arm and the head base, and when the first driving piston acts, the third sub-force arm rotates relative to the second sub-force arm; when the second driving piston acts, the head base rotates relative to the third sub-arm.
Preferably, the clamping and transferring mechanism comprises a clamping and transferring base, a steering motor, a third driving motor, a clamping and transferring arm, a fourth driving motor and a clamping claw unit, wherein the clamping and transferring base is horizontally rotatably arranged through the steering motor, one end of the clamping and transferring arm is vertically rotatably arranged on the clamping and transferring base through the third driving motor, and the clamping claw unit is vertically rotatably arranged on the other end of the clamping and transferring arm through the fourth driving motor.
Further, the gripper jaw unit includes base assembly, drive electric cylinder, drive awl pole and a pair of gripper jaw, base assembly can set up on pressing from both sides the torque arm with vertical rotation, drive awl pole is through the telescopic setting of drive electric cylinder on base assembly, and the awl end of drive awl pole is the output, and regard the axis of drive awl pole as the centre gripping axis, a pair of gripper jaw all extends and the symmetry sets up along the centre gripping axis, gripper jaw can reset rotationally to set up on base assembly, thereby form lever structure, and gripper jaw has root end and claw end, the interval of two root ends is less than the taper top face radius of drive awl pole, and the root end is close to the output of drive awl pole, when drive electric cylinder drive awl pole is elongated, drive a pair of gripper jaw lever rotation through pushing root end synchronous drive, thereby make two claw ends be close to in opposite directions simultaneously, realize the centre gripping.
Still further, the root end has the arc profile, and the gripper jaw still has the arc and articulates the ear, and the gripper jaw articulates the ear through the arc and articulates the setting on the base subassembly to two arc articulated ear circumscribes, and when gripper jaw lever rotated, drive awl pole and root end rolling contact, two gripper jaw rolling contact.
Still further, the base subassembly includes first base, second base, fifth driving motor, sixth driving motor and third base, and first base is rotatable vertically and is set up on the other end of clamp torque arm, and the second base passes through fifth driving motor and can be rotatable vertically and set up on first base, and the third base passes through sixth driving motor and can be rotatable vertically and set up on the second base to the rotation axis of first base and third base is parallel, and the rotation axis of second base and third base is perpendicular.
Preferably, the ECAP die cavity extends in an L shape, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the ECAP die, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with shielding sensors, the cold heading forming cavity is provided with a continuous rod passing cavity and a pier head cavity, the rod passing cavity and the pier head cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die, the supporting mechanism is located near the openings of the rod passing cavity, and two ends of the rod passing cavity are provided with shielding sensors.
Further, the invention also comprises: the control module is provided with a timer, and when the shielding sensor is shielded, the timer starts to count.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. because the ECAP processing-based cold heading forming system comprises the clamping and transferring mechanism, the ECAP die, the cold heading forming die, the supporting mechanism and the stamping mechanism, the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring; the ECAP die is provided with an ECAP die cavity bent at right angles, and the ECAP die cavity is used for receiving the alloy billet rod and outputting the ECAP billet rod; the cold heading forming die is provided with a straight cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving the ECAP blank rod; the supporting mechanism is used for pushing the ECAP blank rod in the cold heading forming cavity and supporting the ECAP blank rod on one side; the stamping mechanism is used for stamping the alloy billet rod in the ECAP die cavity to form an ECAP billet rod, and is used for cold upsetting the ECAP billet rod supported in the cold upsetting forming cavity, the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing supporting section for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet rod, when the pushing supporting section supports the ECAP billet rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the cold upsetting forming cavity.
2. Because the end part of the stamping head along the moving direction is provided with the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is used for feeding back the reaction force applied to the stamping head during stamping, the stamping force of the stamping head is accurately controlled by utilizing the signal through the pressure signal to feed back the reaction force, so that the forming quality of the EACP blank rod is better, the forming efficiency is higher, and the cold heading pier head is effectively formed.
3. Because the stamping mechanism further comprises a connecting rod, a first driving piston and a second driving piston, wherein the connecting rod comprises a first sub-connecting rod and a second sub-connecting rod which are hinged end to end, the end part of the first sub-connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, and the end part of the second sub-connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the other end of the second sub-force arm, when the first sub-force arm rotates relative to the rotating seat, the first sub-connecting rod and the second sub-connecting rod are hinged to rotate, so that the second sub-force arm is driven to rotate relative to the first sub-force arm, the first driving piston and the second driving piston are arranged on the second sub-force arm, the output ends of the first driving piston and the second driving piston are respectively arranged at the other end of the third sub-force arm and the head base, and when the first driving piston acts, the third sub-force arm rotates relative to the second sub-force arm; when the second driving piston acts, the head base rotates relative to the third sub-force arm, so that the invention effectively realizes the rotation of the second sub-force arm relative to the first sub-force arm through a simpler structure by combining the principle of lever rotation with the movement of the connecting rod, namely, the invention effectively realizes the controllable change of the force arm assembly on the vertical height through the first driving motor.
4. Because the root end of the invention is provided with the arc-shaped outline, the clamping claw is also provided with the arc-shaped hinging lugs, the clamping claw is hinged on the base component through the arc-shaped hinging lugs, and the two arc-shaped hinging lugs are circumscribed, when the clamping claw lever rotates, the driving cone rod is in rolling contact with the root end, and the two clamping claws are in rolling contact, therefore, the friction loss of the contact positions of the driving cone rod and the root end and the two arc-shaped hinging lugs when the clamping claw frequently performs clamping actions is effectively reduced through rolling contact, the clamping claw not only keeps higher accuracy for a long time, but also effectively prolongs the service life of the clamping claw, and because the two clamping claws are always in mutual circumscribed contact in the rotating process, the stability of the movement of the clamping claw is also obviously enhanced.
5. Because the base assembly of the present invention includes the first base, the second base, the fifth driving motor, the sixth driving motor, and the third base, the first base is vertically rotatably provided on the other end of the clamp torque arm, the second base is vertically rotatably provided on the first base by the fifth driving motor, the third base is vertically rotatably provided on the second base by the sixth driving motor, and the rotation axes of the first base and the third base are parallel, and the rotation axes of the second base and the third base are perpendicular, the present invention can realize precisely controllable rotation of the clamp jaw unit in two dimensions of space through the three bases.
6. Because the ECAP die cavity extends in an L shape, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the ECAP die, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with shielding sensors, the cold heading forming cavity is provided with a continuous rod passing cavity and a pier head cavity, the rod passing cavity and the pier head cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die, the supporting mechanism is positioned near the opening of the rod passing cavity, and two ends of the rod passing cavity are provided with shielding sensors, the invention feeds back the in-out state of the alloy billet rod in the ECAP die cavity or the in-out state of the EACP billet rod in the rod passing cavity through shielding signals, so that action signals are sent to related mechanisms, and the automatic control of the corresponding mechanism is better completed.
7. Since the invention also comprises: the control module is provided with a timer, and when the shielding sensor is shielded, the timer starts to count, so that related signals can be formed after the shielding signals are sent out through counting, and the coordination of the control module is more coordinated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gripping and transporting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the operating mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third base, a driving cone, and a gripper jaw according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship among a third base, a driving cone and a gripper jaw according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an ECAP mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operating mechanism of the support mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an ECAP blank bar according to an embodiment of the present invention cold-headed in a cold-heading forming die.
In the figure: 10. a clamping and transferring mechanism, 11, a clamping and transferring base, 12, a clamping and transferring arm, 13, a clamping claw unit, 131, a base component, 1311, a first base, 1312, a second base, 1313, a third base, 132, a driving conical rod, 133, a clamping claw, 133a, a root end, 133b, a claw end, 133c, an arc-shaped connecting lug, 20, an ECAP mold, 21, an ECAP mold cavity, 30, a supporting mechanism, 31, a driving crank connecting rod, 311, a first crank section, 312, a connecting section, 32, a self-locking crank, 321, a second crank section, 322, a supporting section, 40, a cold-heading forming mold, 41, cold heading forming cavity, 41a, rod passing cavity, 41b, pier head cavity, 50, stamping mechanism, 51, stamping base, 52, rotating seat, 53, force arm component, 531, first sub force arm, 532, second sub force arm, 533, third sub force arm, 54, connecting link, 541, first sub link, 542, second sub link, 55, stamping head component, 551, head base, 552, stamping head, 56, first driving piston, 561, first cylinder, 562, first piston rod, 57, second driving piston, 571, second cylinder, 572, second piston rod, E, ECAP blank rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, creation features, achievement of objects and effects achieved by the present invention more obvious, the following examples specifically describe an ECAP process-based cold heading forming system of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for aiding understanding of the present invention, but not limiting the present invention.
The description of the horizontal rotation can rotate in the horizontal plane by taking a vertical line as a rotation axis; the vertical rotation can be realized by taking the horizontal line as the rotation axis in the vertical plane.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cold-heading forming system based on the ECAP process in this embodiment is used for cold-heading forming an alloy steel billet rod (not shown in the drawing), specifically, the cold-heading forming based on the ECAP process is to greatly improve the corresponding physical properties of the alloy Jin Gangpi rod by passing through the ECAP to form an ECAP blank rod, and squeeze or impact the end of the ECAP blank rod to make the end generate plastic deformation, so as to form a flange at the end of the ECAP blank rod.
The ECAP process-based cold heading forming system includes a clamp transfer mechanism 10, an ECAP die 20, a support mechanism 30, a cold heading forming die 40, a stamping mechanism 50, and a control module (not shown in the figures).
The gripper transferring mechanism 10 is used for gripping and transferring, and includes a gripper transferring base 11, a steering motor (not shown in the drawing), a third driving motor (not shown in the drawing), a gripper transferring arm 12, a fourth driving motor (not shown in the drawing), and a gripper jaw unit 13.
The clamp rotation base 11 is horizontally rotatably provided by a steering motor, one end of the clamp rotation arm 12 is vertically rotatably provided on the clamp rotation base 11 by a third driving motor, and the clamp claw unit 13 is vertically rotatably provided on the other end of the clamp rotation arm 12 by a fourth driving motor, specifically, the clamp rotation arm 12 and the rotation shaft of the clamp claw unit 13 are parallel to each other.
The gripper unit 13 includes a base assembly 131, a driving cylinder (not shown in the drawings), a driving taper rod 132, and a pair of grippers 133.
The base assembly 131 is vertically rotatably provided on the clamp rotation arm 12, and the base assembly 131 includes a first base 1311, a second base 1312, a fifth driving motor (not shown in the drawings), a sixth driving motor (not shown in the drawings), and a third base 1313.
The first base 1311 is vertically rotatably provided on the other end of the clamp rotation arm 12, the second base 1312 is vertically rotatably provided on the first base 1311 by a fifth driving motor, the third base 1313 is vertically rotatably provided on the second base 1312 by a sixth driving motor, and the rotation axes of the first base 1311 and the third base 1313 are parallel, the rotation axes of the second base 1312 and the third base 1313 are perpendicular, specifically, the second base 1312 is "concave" and its free end is concave, and the third base 1313 is embedded and provided in the second base 1312.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the driving taper rod 132 is telescopically disposed on the third base 1313 by a driving cylinder, and the taper end of the driving taper rod 132 is an output end and faces the outside of the gripper jaw unit 13.
The axis of the driving taper rod 132 is taken as a clamping center axis (not shown in the drawing), a pair of clamping claws 133 are symmetrically arranged along the clamping center axis, the clamping claws 133 are arranged on the third base 1313 in a resetting and rotating manner, and thus a lever structure is formed, specifically, the position when the clamping claws 133 are not operated and the position of the driving taper rod 132 at this time are taken as initial positions.
The clamping jaw 133 has a root end 133a, a jaw end 133b, and an arcuate connecting ear 133c.
The root end 133a is close to the output end of the driving cone rod 132, the distance between the two root ends 133a at the initial position is smaller than the radius of the cone top surface of the driving cone rod 132, when the driving cylinder drives the driving cone rod 132 to extend, the driving cone rod 132 synchronously drives the pair of clamping claws 133 to rotate by pushing the root ends 133a, so that the two claw ends 133b are simultaneously close to each other to realize clamping action, specifically, the root end 133a is provided with an arc-shaped outline, the clamping claws 133 are hinged on the third base 1313 through arc-shaped hinge lugs 133c, the two arc-shaped hinge lugs 1313 are always circumscribed, and when the clamping claws 133 rotate by pushing the lever, the driving cone rod 132 is in full-course rolling contact with the root ends 133a, and the two clamping claws 133 are in full-course rolling contact.
As shown in fig. 5, the ECAP mold 20 is located near the holding and transferring mechanism 10, the ECAP mold 20 has an ECAP cavity 21 bent at right angles, the ECAP cavity 21 is used for receiving the alloy billet rod held and transferred by the holding and transferring mechanism 10 and outputting the alloy billet rod subjected to ECAP treatment, and as an ECAP billet rod E, specifically, the ECAP cavity 21 extends in an L shape and has openings at both ends thereof on the surface of the ECAP mold, the alloy billet rod is fed into the vertical section of the ECAP cavity 21 by the holding and transferring mechanism 10, and the ECAP billet rod E is outputted from the horizontal section of the ECAP cavity 21.
As shown in fig. 6, the support mechanism 30 is located near one side of the cold heading die 40, and the support mechanism 30 is used to push and support the ECAP blank rod E on one side in the cold heading cavity 41 of the cold heading die 40.
The support mechanism 30 includes a drive crank link 31 and a self-locking crank 32.
The output end of the driving crank link 31 is hinged with the self-locking crank 32, and the self-locking crank 32 is provided with a pushing support section 322 for pushing and supporting the ECAP blank rod E, when the pushing support section 322 supports the ECAP blank rod E, the driving crank link 31 is in a straight line, the straight line is taken as a self-locking straight line, the self-locking straight line coincides with or is parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity 41, specifically, the driving crank link 31 is provided with a first crank section 311 and a connecting section 312, the self-locking crank 32 is provided with a second crank section 321 and a support section 322, the output end of the driving crank link 31 refers to the free end of the connecting section 312, the free end is hinged on the second crank section 321, the support section 322 is not collinear with the second crank section 321, the support section 322 is in a straight line, and the driving crank link 31 is in a straight line referring to the first crank section 311 and the connecting section 312.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a cold heading forming die 40 is located in the vicinity of the ECAP die 20, the cold heading forming die 40 having a cold heading forming cavity 41 in a straight line; the cold heading forming chamber 41 is for receiving the ECAP billet E clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism 10.
The cold heading forming cavity 41 has a continuous passing bar cavity 41a and a heading cavity 41b, both the passing bar cavity 41a and the heading cavity 41b have openings at the surface of the cold heading forming die 40, and the support mechanism 30 is located in the vicinity of the openings of the passing bar cavity 41 a.
Specifically, the cross-sectional area of the rod passing cavity 41a is smaller than that of the pier head cavity 41b, so that the junction of the rod passing cavity 41a and the pier head cavity 41b is of a step structure, the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 clamps and transfers the ECAP blank rod E output from the horizontal section of the ECAP cavity 21 to the rod passing cavity 41a, and when the ECAP blank rod E is pushed to a preset position of the rod passing cavity 41a by the supporting section 322, the self-locking crank 32 supports the ECAP blank rod E, and at the moment, the end of the ECAP blank rod E stretches into the pier head cavity 41 b.
Specifically, on the premise that the crank connecting rod 31 is not driven to rotate, the first crank section 311 and the connecting section 312 are in a straight line and coincide with or are parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity 41, and at this time, the supporting mechanism 30 forms self-locking, that is, the acting force along the axis of the cold heading forming cavity 41 cannot change the shape.
The stamping mechanism 50 is located between the ECAP die 20 and the cold heading die 40, and the stamping mechanism 50 is used for stamping the alloy billet rod located in the ECAP die cavity 21 to form an ECAP billet rod E, and is used for cold heading the ECAP billet rod E supported in the cold heading die cavity 41.
Specifically, after the alloy billet rod is sent into the vertical section of the ECAP die 20 by the clamping and transferring mechanism 10, the pressing mechanism 50 performs equal-channel right-angle angular extrusion on the alloy billet rod, thereby completing ECAP treatment on the butt-jointed Jin Gangpi rod to form an ECAP billet rod E, and after the ECAP billet rod E is supported by the supporting mechanism 30, the pressing mechanism 50 performs cold heading forming on the end portion of the ECAP billet rod E located in the pier cavity 41 b.
The punching mechanism 50 includes a punching base 51, a first drive motor (not shown in the drawings), a rotary base 52, a second drive motor (not shown in the drawings), a moment arm assembly 53, a connecting link 54, a punching head assembly 55, a first drive piston 56, and a second drive piston 57.
The rotary base 52 is horizontally rotatably provided on the punch base 51 by a first driving motor.
The arm assembly 53 includes three sequentially hinged first sub-arm 531, second sub-arm 532, and third sub-arm 533.
One end of the first sub-force arm 531 is vertically rotatably arranged on the rotary seat 52 through a second driving motor, the second sub-force arm 532 is hinged to the other end of the first sub-force arm 531, so that the first sub-force arm 531 and the second sub-force arm 532 form a lever structure in a vertical plane, a lever fulcrum is the other end of the first sub-force arm 531, the third sub-force arm 533 is hinged to one end of the second sub-force arm 532, so that the second sub-force arm 532 and the third sub-force arm 533 form a lever structure in a vertical plane, and a lever fulcrum is the other end of the second sub-force arm 532.
The connecting link 54 includes a first sub-link 541 and a second sub-link 542 that are hinged end to end.
The end of the first sub-link 541 is fixed on the rotating base 52, and the end of the second sub-link 542 is fixed on the other end of the second sub-arm 532, so that when the first sub-arm 531 rotates relative to the rotating base 52, the first sub-link 541 and the second sub-link 542 hinge to rotate, and the second sub-arm 532 is driven to rotate relative to the first sub-arm 531.
The punch head assembly 55 includes a head base 551, a punch cylinder (not shown in the drawings), and a punch head 552 for performing a punching action.
The head base 551 articulates the one end that sets up at the third sub-arm 533, and punching press jar and punching press head 552 all set up in head base 551 to punching press jar drive punching press head 552 along rectilinear movement, thereby to the involution Jin Gangpi pole punching press or to ECAP stock E cold heading.
The first driving piston 56 and the second driving piston 57 are both arranged on the second sub-force arm 532, the output ends of the first driving piston 56 and the second driving piston 57 are respectively arranged on the other end of the third sub-force arm 533 and the head base 551, specifically, the first driving piston 56 comprises a first oil cylinder 561 and a first piston rod 562 which are matched with each other, and the second driving piston 57 comprises a second oil cylinder 571 and a second piston rod 572 which are matched with each other, so that when the first driving piston 56 acts, the third sub-force arm 533 performs lever rotation relative to the second sub-force arm 532; when the second driving piston 57 is operated, the head base 551 rotates relative to the third sub arm 533, and in this embodiment, the first cylinder 561 is an output end of the first driving piston 56, and the second piston rod 572 is an output end of the second driving piston 57.
The control module includes a processor, a plurality of occlusion sensors (not shown in the figures), a timer, and a pressure sensor (not shown in the figures).
Specifically, the two ends of the ECAP cavity 21 are provided with shielding sensors, and the two ends of the rod passing cavity 41a are provided with shielding sensors, when the shielding sensors are shielded, corresponding shielding signals are sent to the processor, and when the shielding sensors are shielded, the timer starts to count, and corresponding duration data are generated and sent to the processor.
Specifically, the end of the punching head 552 in the moving direction is provided with a pressure sensor for feeding back a reaction force corresponding to the pressure of the punching surface, which the punching head receives at the time of punching, through pressure value data describing the corresponding pressure value, and sending to the processor.
In this embodiment, the working process of the control module is as follows:
t1: the processor controls the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 to clamp and transfer the alloy steel billet rod to the mouth of the vertical section of the ECAP die cavity 21 and release the alloy steel billet rod to enter the ECAP die 20;
t2: the processor controls the stamping mechanism 50 to perform ECAP processing on the alloy billet rod with corresponding preset impact force based on the pressure value data through the shielding signal sent by the mouth part of the vertical section and the corresponding preset time determined by the time data, so that the alloy billet rod forms an ECAP billet rod E;
t3: repeating T1 to T2 until ECAP blank rod E protrudes from the mouth of the vertical section of ECAP cavity 21;
t4: the processor controls the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 to clamp and transfer the ECAP blank rod E to the rod passing cavity 41a through a shielding signal sent by the mouth part of the horizontal section;
t5: the processor controls the supporting mechanism 30 to push the ECAP blank rod E in the rod passing cavity 41a and form a single-side support through the shielding signal sent by the opening of the rod passing cavity 41a and the corresponding preset time length determined by the time length data;
t6: the processor controls the punch 551 to cold-header the end of the ECAP blank rod E at a corresponding predetermined pressure based on the pressure value data by passing the shielding signal sent from the mouth of the rod chamber 41a and by a corresponding predetermined time period determined by the time period data.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications or variations which may be made by those skilled in the art without the inventive effort within the scope of the appended claims remain within the scope of this patent.
Claims (10)
1. A cold-heading forming system based on ECAP processing for cold-heading forming an alloy billet rod, comprising:
the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring;
the ECAP die is positioned near the clamping and transferring mechanism and is provided with an ECAP die cavity bent at a right angle, and the ECAP die cavity is used for receiving the alloy billet rod clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism and outputting the alloy billet rod subjected to ECAP treatment and is used as an ECAP billet rod;
the cold heading forming die is positioned nearby the ECAP die and is provided with a straight cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving the ECAP blank rod clamped and transported by the clamping and transporting mechanism;
the support mechanism is positioned near one side of the cold heading forming die and is used for pushing the ECAP blank rod in the cold heading forming cavity and supporting the ECAP blank rod on one side; and
the stamping mechanism is positioned between the ECAP die and the cold heading forming die and is used for stamping the alloy billet rod positioned in the ECAP die cavity to form the ECAP billet rod and cold-heading the ECAP billet rod supported in the cold heading forming cavity,
wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank,
the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing support section for pushing and supporting the ECAP blank rod,
when the pushing support section supports the ECAP blank rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity.
2. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the stamping mechanism comprises a stamping base, a first driving motor, a rotating seat, a second driving motor, a force arm component and a stamping head component,
the rotary seat is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the punching base through the first driving motor,
the force arm assembly comprises three sections of a first sub force arm, a second sub force arm and a third sub force arm which are hinged in sequence,
one end of the first sub-arm is vertically and rotatably arranged on the rotating seat through the second driving motor,
the second sub-force arm is hinged on the other end of the first sub-force arm, so that the first sub-force arm and the second sub-force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane,
the third sub-force arm is hinged at one end of the second sub-force arm, so that the second sub-force arm and the third sub-force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane,
the punching head assembly comprises a head base, a punching cylinder and a punching head,
the head base is hinged to one end of the third sub-arm, the stamping electric cylinder and the stamping head are both arranged in the head base, and the stamping electric cylinder drives the stamping head to move along a straight line, so that the alloy billet rod is stamped or cold-headed.
3. The ECAP process-based cold heading forming system according to claim 2, wherein:
the end part of the punching head along the moving direction is provided with a pressure sensor which is used for feeding back the reaction force received by the punching head during punching.
4. The ECAP process-based cold heading forming system according to claim 2, wherein:
wherein the stamping mechanism further comprises a connecting rod, a first driving piston and a second driving piston,
the connecting link comprises a first sub-link and a second sub-link which are hinged end to end, the end part of the first sub-link is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, the end part of the second sub-link is fixedly arranged at the other end of the second sub-arm, so that when the first sub-arm rotates relative to the rotating seat, the first sub-link and the second sub-link are hinged to rotate, thereby driving the second sub-arm to rotate relative to the first sub-arm,
the first driving piston and the second driving piston are arranged on the second sub-force arm, the output ends of the first driving piston and the second driving piston are respectively arranged on the other end of the third sub-force arm and the head base,
when the first driving piston acts, the third sub-force arm rotates relative to the second sub-force arm; and when the second driving piston acts, the head base rotates relative to the third sub-force arm.
5. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the clamping and transferring mechanism comprises a clamping and transferring base, a steering motor, a third driving motor, a clamping and transferring arm, a fourth driving motor and a clamping claw unit,
the clamping rotating base is arranged in a horizontal rotating mode through the steering motor, one end of the clamping rotating arm is arranged on the clamping rotating base in a vertical rotating mode through the third driving motor, and the clamping claw unit is arranged on the other end of the clamping rotating arm in a vertical rotating mode through the fourth driving motor.
6. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 5, wherein:
wherein the clamping claw unit comprises a base component, a driving electric cylinder, a driving taper rod and a pair of clamping claws,
the base component can be vertically and rotatably arranged on the clamping rotating arm, the driving cone rod is telescopically arranged on the base component through the driving electric cylinder, the cone end of the driving cone rod is an output end, the axis of the driving cone rod is used as a clamping center shaft,
the clamping claws are symmetrically arranged along the clamping center shaft, the clamping claws are arranged on the base component in a resetting and rotating mode, a lever structure is formed, the clamping claws are provided with root ends and claw ends, the distance between the two root ends is smaller than the radius of the conical top surface of the driving conical rod, the root ends are close to the output end of the driving conical rod,
when the driving electric cylinder drives the driving cone rod to extend, the driving cone rod synchronously drives a pair of clamping claw levers to rotate by pushing the root end, so that two claw ends are simultaneously close to each other, and clamping is realized.
7. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 6, wherein:
wherein the root end is provided with an arc-shaped outline, the clamping claw is also provided with arc-shaped hinging lugs, the clamping claw is hinged on the base component through the arc-shaped hinging lugs, and the two arc-shaped hinging lugs are circumscribed,
when the gripper jaw lever rotates, the driving conical rod is in rolling contact with the root end, and the two gripper jaws are in rolling contact.
8. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 6, wherein:
the base assembly comprises a first base, a second base, a fifth driving motor, a sixth driving motor and a third base, wherein the first base is vertically and rotatably arranged at the other end of the clamping rotating arm, the second base is vertically and rotatably arranged on the first base through the fifth driving motor, the third base is vertically and rotatably arranged on the second base through the sixth driving motor, the rotation shafts of the first base and the third base are parallel, and the rotation shafts of the second base and the third base are vertical.
9. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the ECAP die cavity extends in an L shape, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the ECAP die,
both ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with shielding sensors,
the cold heading forming cavity is provided with a continuous rod passing cavity and a pier head cavity, the rod passing cavity and the pier head cavity are both provided with openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die, the supporting mechanism is positioned near the openings of the rod passing cavity, and both ends of the rod passing cavity are provided with shielding sensors.
10. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 9, further comprising:
the control module is provided with a timer, and when the shielding sensor is shielded, the timer starts to count.
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| CN202210352041.1A CN114833290B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Cold heading forming system based on ECAP (ECAP) treatment |
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| CN202210352041.1A CN114833290B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Cold heading forming system based on ECAP (ECAP) treatment |
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| CN114833290B true CN114833290B (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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