CN114831081A - Special apis mellifera bee colony assembly method for greenhouse pollination - Google Patents
Special apis mellifera bee colony assembly method for greenhouse pollination Download PDFInfo
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- CN114831081A CN114831081A CN202210477892.9A CN202210477892A CN114831081A CN 114831081 A CN114831081 A CN 114831081A CN 202210477892 A CN202210477892 A CN 202210477892A CN 114831081 A CN114831081 A CN 114831081A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K47/00—Beehives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K47/00—Beehives
- A01K47/06—Other details of beehives, e.g. ventilating devices, entrances to hives, guards, partitions or bee escapes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for matching a special apis mellifera colony for greenhouse pollination, which comprises the following steps: a) selecting a bee field; b) managing bee colonies; c) building a pollination bee colony; d) the pollination bee colony enters a shed; e) pollinating bee colony management; f) compared with the prior art, the recovery treatment can improve the survival rate and reduce the influence on the economic benefit.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of bee breeding, in particular to the technical field of a greenhouse pollination special apis mellifera bee colony assembly method.
[ background of the invention ]
Bees are high-grade social insects and live through social life. The honeybee can provide a large amount of various health-care honeybee products with rich nutrition for human beings, and more importantly, honeybee pollination plays an important role in improving the yield of crops, improving the quality of fruits, maintaining biological diversity and protecting ecological balance.
The pollination technology is one of the important matching technologies for the development of the facility crops. In the past, pollination technology mainly adopts methods of artificial flower dipping, mechanical vibration, hormone treatment and the like to promote the fruit setting of crops. Although the methods have certain effect, the methods have different disadvantages, such as labor and time consumption, high labor intensity, low fruit setting rate and high malformed fruit rate due to manual flower dipping; mechanical vibration is relatively labor-saving, but the pollination effect is not ideal, the plant stems and stems are easy to scar due to the need of daily timing operation, and disease infection is caused; hormone treatment is ideal in increasing yield, but poor fruit quality and high malformed fruit rate can cause hormone pollution and influence the physical health of consumers. Therefore, scientists at home and abroad research the application of bee pollination technology in facility crops. Through continuous popularization, demonstration and application, the application of the bee pollination technology to the facility fruit and vegetable cultivation technology has a primary effect, and the effect of increasing both production and income is obvious.
The Italian bees have mild temperament, and as long as the Italian bees have more contact with the Italian bees and do not run around, the Italian bees do not sting people generally, and the Italian bees have the characteristics of more spawning, strong collection capacity, strong royal jelly secretion capacity and the like, the colony has extremely strong insect breeding capacity, large-area spleen can be kept from early spring to late autumn, the bee-separating performance is very weak, and strong colonies can still work well in mid-summer.
Although China has achieved better performance in the aspect of utilizing bees to pollinate facility agriculture, the Italian bees have the disadvantages of high consumption of food, weak disease resistance, and easy occurrence of large-area death due to improper breeding, thereby affecting economic benefit.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a method for matching a special apis mellifera colony for greenhouse pollination, which can improve the survival rate and reduce the influence on economic benefits.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for matching a special apis mellifera colony for greenhouse pollination, which comprises the following steps:
a) selecting a bee field: selecting a place with high and dry terrain, leeward and sunny appearance, good drainage and proper microclimate, wherein abundant honey source plants are required within a range of 3km from a bee field, and at least more than two main honey source plants and more auxiliary honey source plants with different flowering phases are required near the bee field;
b) managing the bee colony: management in spring: strengthen keeping warm, keep the temperature in the bee case as: comprehensively checking bee colonies at 32-35 ℃, removing dead bees, wax residues and mildewed substances in the beehive, keeping the interior of the beehive clean, feeding water in the beehive, supplementing or rewarding feed in due time, expanding the beehive in due time and accelerating the growth of the bee colony vigor; management in summer: before summer comes, the old and inferior queen bees are replaced by the spring festival honey source, enough feed is left, the colony vigor is adjusted to 8-10 frames, the bee colony needs to be regularly and comprehensively inspected, a natural queen bee platform is completely destroyed, ventilation is enhanced, natural bee separation is prevented, and appropriate temperature and humidity conditions are created for the production and propagation of the bee colony by adopting shading, watering and ventilation measures; management in the third autumn: cultivating the queen bees, selecting the queen bees with high royal jelly yield, strong fertility, disease resistance and good stress resistance as a parent body by taking the first 9 months to the end 10 months as the optimal time, killing the drone of low-yield colonies at the same time to improve the quality of a male parent, feeding sugar liquid every night from the time when a queen bee breeding frame is sowed, adding a proper amount of vitamin B, vitamin C and protein powder into the sugar liquid, and feeding the sugar liquid until the queen bee platform is sealed, so as to ensure that the queen bees grow vigorously; four-winter management: combining weak colonies without abilities to overwinter, breed and collect honey, and colonies without queen or queen but without stockings for spawning or mature queen bee platforms for replacement, carrying out mite killing treatment once at the early stage of natural bee breaking, filling the honeycomb with honey and powder, compressing a spawning ring, then watering only a few quanta of spleens with honey, stopping production of the queen bee after 2-3 times of watering, moving the colonies to a shady and cool place, enabling the hive door to face north, expanding the bee ways to 15-20 mm, reserving 1.5-2 frames of spleens for each frame of bees, and extracting the pollen spleens in the beehive before overwintering for early spring breeding;
c) and (3) pollination bee colony building: the pollination bee colony in the first half of the year is built in the middle ten days of 3 months, the pollination bee colony in the second half of the year is built in the last ten days of 8 months, when the bee quantity reaches 7 queen frames, the pollination bee colony is built in groups, 2 queen frames are extracted and put into a beehive, new queen with successful copulation or queen planting is added into a queen platform, the queen planting is moved out of an original field and fed properly, the condition of the virgin queen of the bee colony is checked after the queen planting is put into the queen platform for 1-2 days, the copulation and spawning conditions of the virgin queen are rechecked after one week, the feeding is supplemented, and 1 bee pollen spleen is added according to the pollination time after the bee colony is bred to 2 queen frames;
d) and (3) enabling the pollination bee colony to enter a shed: before the bees enter the greenhouse, selecting fine weather, moving the bee colony into an empty greenhouse for flying and excreting for 1-2 days, after the time for the bee colony to enter the greenhouse is determined, moving the bee colony into the greenhouse at the first day and at the evening, carrying out claustrophobia for 5-6 hours, and after the bee colony is stabilized, slowly opening a small opening to just extrude 2 bees;
e) and (3) pollinating bee colony management: training honeybees to pollinate: dissolving white sugar with equal weight in boiling water, pouring the mixture into a container which is pre-placed with the crop petals when syrup is cooled to 20-25 ℃, sealing and soaking for 3.5-4.5 hours, then feeding, wherein each group is fed with 100-150 g each time, the first feeding is carried out in the evening, the bee feeding is carried out once before the bee comes out of the box in the next morning, the supplementary feeding is carried out once in the next morning, and the bee state is observed: at 9-11 points on a sunny day, more than 8 bees pass in and out of the beehive within 20 minutes, indicating that the bees are in a normal state, and feeding water: placing a dish in a place about 1 m in front of the beehive, changing water every 2 days, placing grass stalks in the dish, and carrying out bee pollination conditions: the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 15-35 ℃, and the humidity is above 30%;
f) and (3) recovery treatment: and after pollination is finished, closing the entrance and exit of the bees after the bees return to the beehive, opening the ventilation opening of the beehive, and withdrawing the pollination bee colony in time.
Preferably, the overwintering chamber is clean and sanitary, the temperature is kept at 3-5 ℃, the humidity is kept at 75% -85%, if the overwintering chamber is dry, a soaked jute bag can be hung indoors, or water is sprayed to the ground, the air outlet is closed, the air inlet is opened, the humidity is high, when the room temperature is high, the air inlet is closed, the air outlet is opened, even an exhaust fan is arranged, moisture is discharged, bees are fed before acaricidal drugs are used, the resistance of the bees can be enhanced, and meanwhile, the abdomen of the bees stretches after the bees are saturated, so that bee mites hiding at the abdomen can be controlled.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of disinfecting tools, washing and disinfecting a plastic feeder with peracetic acid with the concentration of 0.2% or benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1%, frequently disinfecting a scraper and a honey knife, disinfecting the plastic feeder with a flame burning method or alcohol with the concentration of 75%, frequently washing a bee broom and a work clothes with sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 4% and solarizing sunlight, disinfecting a honeycomb, rinsing and airing the disinfected honeycomb with clear water, fumigating the honeycomb with glacial acetic acid with the concentration of 96-98% in a closed manner according to 20-30 mL of each box body so as to prevent the damage of the greater wax moth and the lesser wax moth to the honeycomb, and preserving the honeycomb in a warehouse with clean, cool and dry houses and ventilate so as to avoid the mildew of the honeycomb.
Preferably, the sugar solution in the three-autumn management step is a mixed solution obtained by mixing white sugar and warm boiled water with the same weight, the vitamin B is 0.5g/L, the vitamin C is 0.8g/L, and the protein powder is 1 g/L.
Preferably, the step of managing in the third autumn also comprises the step of preventing bee mites, wherein the bee mite preventing medicine is prepared by mixing 500 g of tobacco leaf powder, 250 g of quicklime, 100 g of washing powder and 2000 g of water, and is directly spread on the bee frame beam and in the bee path without closing the entrance and the exit of the bees when being matched and used.
As preferred, the beehive includes box, interval adjustment mechanism, a plurality of coupling assembling, a plurality of honeycomb, advances bee mouth and ventilation mechanism, the upper end of box is equipped with the case lid, the antetheca body of box is equipped with into the bee mouth, the back wall body of box is equipped with ventilation mechanism, be equipped with interval adjustment mechanism in the upper portion of box, fixed connection can all be dismantled through coupling assembling and interval adjustment mechanism at the both ends of honeycomb.
Preferably, the interval adjustment mechanism comprises two slide bars, a plurality of springs, a plurality of slide seats, a sliding body, a hanging ring and a plurality of pull ropes, the slide bars are arranged in the box body, the sliding body is sleeved on the slide bars, the slide bars between the sliding body and the outer wall body of the box body are sequentially and alternately sleeved with the springs and the slide seats, the free ends of the slide bodies are arranged at two ends of the sliding body, the pull ropes extend out of the box body and are fixedly connected with the hanging ring, and a hanging seat matched with the hanging ring is arranged on the outer side of the outer wall body of the box body.
Preferably, the connecting assembly comprises a C-shaped clamping body, a sleeve body, a telescopic spring, a telescopic body and an inserting sleeve, wherein the C-shaped clamping body is arranged at one end of the sleeve body, the telescopic body is arranged at the other end of the sleeve body, the telescopic spring which abuts against the inner end of the telescopic body is arranged in the sleeve body, the outer end of the telescopic body is provided with the inserting sleeve which is connected in a hinged mode, the inserting body which is connected with the inserting sleeve in an inserting mode is arranged on the frame body of the honeycomb, and a C-shaped groove matched with the C-shaped clamping body is formed in the sliding seat.
Preferably, the ventilation mechanism comprises a ventilation opening, the input end of the ventilation opening faces downwards and is provided with an openable cover I, the output end of the ventilation opening is provided with a separation net, the box cover is provided with an air outlet, a blocking net is arranged in the air outlet, and the output end of the air outlet is provided with an openable cover II.
Preferably, the outer bottom of the box body is provided with support legs, and the box cover is provided with a blocking frame for positioning the support legs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the survival rate can be improved, and the influence on economic benefit is reduced.
The honeycomb of this application can carry out clearance adjustment according to season needs through interval adjustment mechanism, reduces the mortality of honeybee to need not open the case lid, reduce the life disturbance to the honeybee.
One end of the sleeve body is provided with a C-shaped clamping body, the other end of the sleeve body is internally provided with a telescopic body, the sleeve body is internally provided with a telescopic spring which is propped against the inner end of the telescopic body, the outer end of the telescopic body is provided with an inserting sleeve which is connected in a hinged mode, the frame body of the honeycomb is provided with an inserting body which is connected with the inserting sleeve in an inserting mode, and the sliding seat is provided with a C-shaped groove which is matched with the C-shaped clamping body, so that the honeycomb can be conveniently fixed and detached, and the damping effect is achieved.
The outer bottom of box is equipped with the stabilizer blade, is equipped with the fender frame that is used for the stabilizer blade location on the case lid, and when the beehive pile transportation, the effectual beehive that prevents slides.
The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a beehive;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a connection assembly;
figure 3 is a partial top view of the beehive.
In the figure: 1-box body, 2-interval adjusting mechanism, 3-connecting assembly, 4-honeycomb, 5-bee inlet, 6-ventilation mechanism, 7-box cover, 8-plug-in body, 9-C groove, 10-air outlet, 11-hanging seat, 12-blocking net, 13-cover II, 14-supporting leg, 15-blocking frame, 21-sliding bar, 22-spring, 23-sliding seat, 24-sliding body, 25-hanging ring, 26-pulling rope, 31-C clamping body, 32-sleeve body, 33-telescopic spring, 34-telescopic body, 35-plug-in sleeve, 61-ventilation opening, 62-isolating net and 63-cover I.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention relates to a method for matching apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination, which comprises the following steps:
a) selecting a bee field: selecting a place with high and dry terrain, leeward and sunny appearance, good drainage and proper microclimate, wherein abundant honey source plants are required within a range of 3km from a bee field, and at least more than two main honey source plants and more auxiliary honey source plants with different flowering phases are required near the bee field;
b) managing the bee colony: management in spring: strengthen keeping warm, keep the temperature in the bee case as: comprehensively checking bee colonies at 32-35 ℃, removing dead bees, wax residues and mildewed substances in the beehive, keeping the interior of the beehive clean, feeding water in the beehive, supplementing or rewarding feed in due time, expanding the beehive in due time and accelerating the growth of the bee colony vigor; management in summer: before summer comes, the old and inferior queen bees are replaced by the spring festival honey source, enough feed is left, the colony vigor is adjusted to 8-10 frames, the bee colony needs to be regularly and comprehensively inspected, a natural queen bee platform is completely destroyed, ventilation is enhanced, natural bee separation is prevented, and appropriate temperature and humidity conditions are created for the production and propagation of the bee colony by adopting shading, watering and ventilation measures; management in the third autumn: cultivating the autumn queen, taking the time from the beginning of 9 months to the end of 10 months as the optimal time, selecting the queen with high royal jelly yield, strong fecundity, good disease resistance and stress resistance as a parent, killing the drone of low-yield colony at the same time to improve the quality of the male parent, and feeding sugar liquor at night from the queen-raising frame, wherein a proper amount of vitamin B, vitamin C and protein powder are added into the sugar liquor until the queen is sealed, so as to ensure the queen to develop robustly; managing in four winter: combining weak colonies without abilities to overwinter, breed and collect honey, and colonies without queen or queen but without stockings for spawning or mature queen bee platforms for replacement, carrying out mite killing treatment once at the early stage of natural bee breaking, filling the honeycomb with honey and powder, compressing a spawning ring, then watering only a few quanta of spleens with honey, stopping production of the queen bee after 2-3 times of watering, moving the colonies to a shady and cool place, enabling the hive door to face north, expanding the bee ways to 15-20 mm, reserving 1.5-2 frames of spleens for each frame of bees, and extracting the pollen spleens in the beehive before overwintering for early spring breeding;
c) and (3) pollination bee colony building: the pollination bee colony in the first half of the year is built in the middle ten days of 3 months, the pollination bee colony in the second half of the year is built in the last ten days of 8 months, when the bee quantity reaches 7 queen frames, the pollination bee colony is built in groups, 2 queen frames are extracted and put into a beehive, new queen with successful copulation or queen planting is added into a queen platform, the queen planting is moved out of an original field and fed properly, the condition of the virgin queen of the bee colony is checked after the queen planting is put into the queen platform for 1-2 days, the copulation and spawning conditions of the virgin queen are rechecked after one week, the feeding is supplemented, and 1 bee pollen spleen is added according to the pollination time after the bee colony is bred to 2 queen frames;
d) and (3) enabling the pollination bee colony to enter a shed: before the bees enter the greenhouse, selecting fine weather, moving the bee colony into an empty greenhouse for flying and excreting for 1-2 days, after the time for the bee colony to enter the greenhouse is determined, moving the bee colony into the greenhouse at the first day and at the evening, carrying out claustrophobia for 5-6 hours, and after the bee colony is stabilized, slowly opening a small opening to just extrude 2 bees;
e) and (3) pollinating bee colony management: training honeybees to pollinate: dissolving white sugar with equal weight in boiling water, pouring the mixture into a container which is pre-placed with the crop petals when syrup is cooled to 20-25 ℃, sealing and soaking for 3.5-4.5 hours, then feeding, wherein each group is fed with 100-150 g each time, the first feeding is carried out in the evening, the bee feeding is carried out once before the bee comes out of the box in the next morning, the supplementary feeding is carried out once in the next morning, and the bee state is observed: at 9-11 points on a sunny day, more than 8 bees pass in and out of the beehive within 20 minutes, indicating that the bees are in a normal state, and feeding water: placing a dish in a place about 1 m in front of the beehive, changing water every 2 days, placing grass stalks in the dish, and carrying out bee pollination conditions: the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 15-35 ℃, and the humidity is above 30%;
f) and (3) recovery treatment: and after pollination is finished, closing the entrance and exit of the bees after the bees return to the beehive, opening the ventilation opening of the beehive, and withdrawing the pollination bee colony in time.
The overwintering room is clean and sanitary, the temperature is kept at 3-5 ℃, the humidity is kept at 75% -85%, if the overwintering room is dry, a soaked sack can be hung indoors, or water is sprayed to the ground, the air outlet is closed, the air inlet is opened, the humidity is high, when the room temperature is high, the air inlet is closed, the air outlet is opened, even an exhaust fan is arranged, moisture is discharged, bees are fed before miticide application, the resistance of the bees can be enhanced, and meanwhile, the belly of the bees is stretched after the bees are full of food, and bee mites hiding at the belly can be controlled.
The plastic feeder is cleaned and disinfected by peracetic acid with the concentration of 0.2 percent or benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1 percent, a scraper and a honey cutter are taken to be disinfected frequently, the plastic feeder can be disinfected by a flame burning method or alcohol with the concentration of 75 percent, a bee broom and a work clothes are cleaned frequently by sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 4 percent and solarized by sunlight, a honeycomb is disinfected by one of sodium hypochlorite with the concentration of 0.1 percent, peracetic acid with the concentration of 0.2 percent or benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1 percent for more than 12 hours, the disinfected honeycomb is rinsed by clean water and dried, glacial acetic acid with the concentration of 96 to 98 percent is used for closed fumigation according to 20 to 30mL per box body before the honeycomb is stored, so as to prevent the big and small wax moths from damaging the honeycomb, and a warehouse for storing the honeycomb is clean, cool, dry and ventilated, so as to avoid the honeycomb from mildewing.
The third autumn management step comprises bee mite prevention, wherein 500 g of tobacco leaf powder, 250 g of quicklime, 100 g of washing powder and 2000 g of water are mixed to prepare the bee mite prevention drug, the bee mite prevention drug is used along with the mixture, and the bee mite prevention drug is directly scattered on a bee frame beam and in a bee road without closing a bee entrance and exit.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the beehive comprises a hive body 1, an interval adjusting mechanism 2, a plurality of connecting assemblies 3, a plurality of honeycombs 4, a bee inlet 5 and a ventilation mechanism 6, wherein a hive cover 7 is arranged at the upper end of the hive body 1, the bee inlet 5 is arranged on the front wall body of the hive body 1, the ventilation mechanism 6 is arranged on the rear wall body of the hive body 1, the interval adjusting mechanism 2 is arranged in the upper portion of the hive body 1, both ends of the honeycombs 4 are detachably and fixedly connected with the interval adjusting mechanism 2 through the connecting assemblies 3, the interval adjusting mechanism 2 comprises two sliding rods 21, a plurality of springs 22, a plurality of sliders 23, a sliding body 24, a hanging ring 25 and a plurality of pull ropes 26, the sliding rods 21 are arranged in the hive body 1, the sliding bodies 24 are sleeved on the sliding rods 21 between the sliding bodies 24 and the outer wall body of the hive body 1, the plurality of springs 22 and the sliders 23 are sequentially and alternately sleeved on the sliding rods 21, the both ends of the sliding body 24 all are equipped with the stay cord 26 that the free end stretches out the box 1 and fixedly connected with link 25, the outside of the outer wall body of box 1 is equipped with hangs the seat 11 with link 25 matched with, coupling assembling 3 includes C-shaped card body 31, cover body 32, extension spring 33, extension body 34 and grafting cover 35, the one end of cover body 32 is equipped with C-shaped card body 31, be equipped with extension body 34 in the other end of cover body 32, be equipped with the extension spring 33 that pushes up on extension body 34 inner in the cover body 32, the outer end of extension body 34 is equipped with the grafting cover 35 of articulated connection, be equipped with the grafting body 8 of being connected with grafting cover 35 grafting on the framework of honeycomb 4, be equipped with the C-shaped groove 9 with C-shaped card body 31 matched with on the slide 23, ventilation mechanism 6 includes vent 61, the input of vent 61 is down and be equipped with open closed lid I63, the output of vent 61 is equipped with spacer 62, be equipped with air outlet 10 on the case lid 7, be equipped with in the air outlet 10 and keep off net 12, the output of air outlet 10 is equipped with open closed lid II13, the outer bottom of box 1 is equipped with stabilizer blade 14, be equipped with on the case lid 7 and be used for the stabilizer blade 14 location to keep off frame 15.
When the gap of the honeycomb 4 needs to be adjusted to be small, the hanging ring 25 is pulled by force, the hanging ring 25 drives the sliding body 24 to compress the spring 22 through the pull rope 26, the gap of the honeycomb 4 is adjusted to be small, then the hanging ring 25 is hung on the hanging seat 11, when the gap of the honeycomb 4 needs to be adjusted to be large, the hanging ring 25 is taken down from the hanging seat 11, then the hanging ring 25 is slowly loosened, the spring 22 extends, and the gap of the honeycomb 4 is adjusted to be large.
When the honeycomb 4 is installed, the C-shaped clamp body 31 is clamped into the corresponding C-shaped groove 9, then the honeycomb 4 is pressed downwards until the height of the upper end of the honeycomb 4 is lower than the height of the central point of the slide rod 21, at the moment, the lower end of the C-shaped clamp body 31 abuts against the lower end of the C-shaped groove 9, the C-shaped clamp body 31 is prevented from rotating and positioning, in the process that the honeycomb 4 is pressed downwards, the telescopic body 34 firstly enters the sleeve body 32 to move and compresses the telescopic spring 33, when the height of the upper end of the honeycomb 4 is lower than the central point of the slide rod 21, the telescopic body 34 extends out under the action of the telescopic spring 33, the fixing of the honeycomb 4 is realized, and when the honeycomb 4 needs to be disassembled, the honeycomb 4 is directly pulled upwards.
The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A greenhouse pollination special apis mellifera bee colony assembly method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a) selecting a bee field: selecting a place with high and dry terrain, leeward and sunny appearance, good drainage and proper microclimate, wherein abundant honey source plants are required within a range of 3km from a bee field, and at least more than two main honey source plants and more auxiliary honey source plants with different flowering phases are required near the bee field;
b) managing the bee colony: spring management: strengthen keeping warm, keep the temperature in the bee case as: comprehensively checking bee colonies at 32-35 ℃, removing dead bees, wax residues and mildewed substances in the beehive, keeping the interior of the beehive clean, feeding water in the beehive, supplementing or rewarding feed in due time, expanding the beehive in due time and accelerating the growth of the bee colony vigor; (II) summer management: before summer comes, the old and inferior queen bees are replaced by the spring festival honey source, enough feed is left, the colony vigor is adjusted to 8-10 frames, the bee colony needs to be regularly and comprehensively inspected, a natural queen bee platform is completely destroyed, ventilation is enhanced, natural bee separation is prevented, and appropriate temperature and humidity conditions are created for the production and propagation of the bee colony by adopting shading, watering and ventilation measures; (III) autumn management: cultivating the queen bees, selecting the queen bees with high royal jelly yield, strong fertility, disease resistance and good stress resistance as a parent body by taking the first 9 months to the end 10 months as the optimal time, killing the drone of low-yield colonies at the same time to improve the quality of a male parent, feeding sugar liquid every night from the time when a queen bee breeding frame is sowed, adding a proper amount of vitamin B, vitamin C and protein powder into the sugar liquid, and feeding the sugar liquid until the queen bee platform is sealed, so as to ensure that the queen bees grow vigorously; (IV) winter management: combining weak colonies without abilities to overwinter, breed and collect honey, and colonies without queen or queen but without stockings for spawning or mature queen bee platforms for replacement, carrying out mite killing treatment once at the early stage of natural bee breaking, filling the honeycomb with honey and powder, compressing a spawning ring, then watering only a few quanta of spleens with honey, stopping production of the queen bee after 2-3 times of watering, moving the colonies to a shady and cool place, enabling the hive door to face north, expanding the bee ways to 15-20 mm, reserving 1.5-2 frames of spleens for each frame of bees, and extracting the pollen spleens in the beehive before overwintering for early spring breeding;
c) and (3) pollination bee colony building: the pollination bee colony in the first half of the year is built in the middle ten days of 3 months, the pollination bee colony in the second half of the year is built in the last ten days of 8 months, when the bee quantity reaches 7 queen frames, the pollination bee colony is built in groups, 2 queen frames are extracted and put into a beehive, new queen with successful copulation or queen planting is added into a queen platform, the queen planting is moved out of an original field and fed properly, the condition of the virgin queen of the bee colony is checked after the queen planting is put into the queen platform for 1-2 days, the copulation and spawning conditions of the virgin queen are rechecked after one week, the feeding is supplemented, and 1 bee pollen spleen is added according to the pollination time after the bee colony is bred to 2 queen frames;
d) and (3) enabling the pollination bee colony to enter a shed: before the bees enter the greenhouse, selecting fine weather, moving the bee colony into an empty greenhouse for flying and excreting for 1-2 days, after the time for the bee colony to enter the greenhouse is determined, moving the bee colony into the greenhouse at the first day and at the evening, carrying out claustrophobia for 5-6 hours, and after the bee colony is stabilized, slowly opening a small opening to just extrude 2 bees;
e) and (3) pollinating bee colony management: training honeybees to pollinate: dissolving white sugar with equal weight in boiling water, pouring the mixture into a container which is pre-placed with the crop petals when syrup is cooled to 20-25 ℃, sealing and soaking for 3.5-4.5 hours, then feeding, wherein each group is fed with 100-150 g each time, the first feeding is carried out in the evening, the bee feeding is carried out once before the bee comes out of the box in the next morning, the supplementary feeding is carried out once in the next morning, and the bee state is observed: at 9-11 points on a sunny day, more than 8 bees pass in and out of the beehive within 20 minutes, indicating that the bees are in a normal state, and feeding water: placing a dish in a place about 1 m in front of the beehive, changing water every 2 days, placing grass stalks in the dish, and carrying out bee pollination conditions: the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 15-35 ℃, and the humidity is above 30%;
f) and (3) recovery treatment: and after pollination is finished, the honeybees return to the beehive at the evening, the honeybee entrance and exit are closed, the ventilation opening of the beehive is opened, and the pollination bee colony is withdrawn in time.
2. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the overwintering room is clean and sanitary, the temperature is kept at 3-5 ℃, the humidity is kept at 75% -85%, if the overwintering room is dry, a soaked jute bag can be hung indoors, or water is sprayed to the ground, the air outlet is closed, the air inlet is opened, the humidity is high, when the room temperature is high, the air inlet is closed, the air outlet is opened, even an exhaust fan is arranged, moisture is discharged, bees are fed before acaricidal drugs are taken, the resistance of the bees can be enhanced, and meanwhile, the abdomen of the bees stretches after the bees are satiated, and bee mites hiding at the abdomen can be controlled.
3. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plastic feeder is cleaned and disinfected by peracetic acid with the concentration of 0.2 percent or benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1 percent, a scraper and a honey cutter are taken to be disinfected frequently, the plastic feeder can be disinfected by a flame burning method or alcohol with the concentration of 75 percent, a bee broom and a work clothes are cleaned frequently by sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 4 percent and solarized by sunlight, a honeycomb is disinfected by one of sodium hypochlorite with the concentration of 0.1 percent, peracetic acid with the concentration of 0.2 percent or benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1 percent for more than 12 hours, the disinfected honeycomb is rinsed by clean water and dried, glacial acetic acid with the concentration of 96 to 98 percent is used for closed fumigation according to 20 to 30mL per box body before the honeycomb is stored, so as to prevent the big and small wax moths from damaging the honeycomb, and a warehouse for storing the honeycomb is clean, cool, dry and ventilated, so as to avoid the honeycomb from mildewing.
4. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sugar solution in the step (III) of autumn management is a mixed solution obtained by mixing white sugar and warm boiled water with the same weight, the vitamin B is 0.5g/L, the vitamin C is 0.8g/L, and the protein powder is 1 g/L.
5. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (C) the third autumn management step also comprises the step of preventing bee mites, wherein the bee mite preventing medicine is prepared by mixing 500 g of tobacco leaf powder, 250 g of quicklime, 100 g of washing powder and 2000 g of water, and is directly spread on the bee frame beam and in the bee path without closing the bee entrance.
6. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the beehive includes box (1), interval adjustment mechanism (2), a plurality of coupling assembling (3), a plurality of honeycomb (4), advances bee mouth (5) and ventilation mechanism (6), the upper end of box (1) is equipped with case lid (7), the antetheca body of box (1) is equipped with into bee mouth (5), the back wall body of box (1) is equipped with ventilation mechanism (6), be equipped with interval adjustment mechanism (2) in the upper portion of box (1), fixed connection can all be dismantled with interval adjustment mechanism (2) through coupling assembling (3) in the both ends of honeycomb (4).
7. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: interval adjustment mechanism (2) include two slide bars (21), a plurality of spring (22), a plurality of slide (23), sliding body (24), link (25) and a plurality of stay cord (26), slide bar (21) are established in box (1), the cover is equipped with sliding body (24) on slide bar (21), all overlap in proper order in turn on slide bar (21) between the outer wall body of sliding body (24) and box (1) and be equipped with a plurality of spring (22) and a plurality of slide (23), the both ends of sliding body (24) all are equipped with the free end and stretch out box (1) and with link (25) fixed connection's stay cord (26), the outside of the outer wall body of box (1) is equipped with and links (25) matched with string seat (11).
8. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: coupling assembling (3) are including the C shape card body (31), the cover body (32), extension spring (33), the extension body (34) and grafting cover (35), the one end of the cover body (32) is equipped with the C shape card body (31), be equipped with extension body (34) in the other end of the cover body (32), be equipped with the extension spring (33) of top on extension body (34) the inner in the cover body (32), the outer end of extension body (34) is equipped with articulated grafting cover (35) of connecting, be equipped with the grafting body (8) with grafting cover (35) grafting connection in the framework of honeycomb (4), be equipped with on slide (23) with C shape card body (31) matched with C shape groove (9).
9. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: ventilation mechanism (6) are including vent (61), but the input of vent (61) is down and be equipped with open closed lid I (63), the output of vent (61) is equipped with at a distance from net (62), be equipped with air outlet (10) on case lid (7), be equipped with in air outlet (10) and keep off net (12), the output of air outlet (10) is equipped with open closed lid II (13).
10. The method for assembling apis mellifera colony special for greenhouse pollination according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the outer bottom of the box body (1) is provided with support legs (14), and the box cover (7) is provided with a blocking frame (15) for positioning the support legs (14).
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| CN117063894A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-17 | 贵州省畜禽遗传资源管理站 | Propagation method of industrial pollination bee colony |
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