CN114824595A - High-voltage battery - Google Patents
High-voltage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114824595A CN114824595A CN202110093621.9A CN202110093621A CN114824595A CN 114824595 A CN114824595 A CN 114824595A CN 202110093621 A CN202110093621 A CN 202110093621A CN 114824595 A CN114824595 A CN 114824595A
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- fluid
- battery
- bipolar
- electrode plates
- battery cell
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Images
Abstract
The invention provides a high-voltage battery, which adopts a mode of combining a fluid bag and an elastic part, and when the fluid bag is filled with fluid, the fluid bag applies pressing force to a bipolar battery stack, so that the bipolar battery stack can be pressed without a fastener; the battery cells of the bipolar battery stack are flicked by the elastic part when the fluid pouch discharges the fluid, so that the electrochemical reaction of the failed battery cell can be rapidly stopped, the diffusion of thermal runaway can be effectively prevented, and the failed battery cell can be conveniently replaced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a high-voltage battery.
Background
The high-voltage battery can also be called a bipolar battery, which mainly adopts a bipolar battery stack structure, wherein the bipolar battery stack consists of two unipolar electrode plates, a plurality of bipolar electrode plates, an isolation layer and electrolyte. The bipolar electrode plate is an electrode plate with two polarities after a positive electrode material layer and a negative electrode material layer are respectively coated on two sides of the bipolar plate, and the unipolar single electrode plate is an electrode plate with unipolar after a positive electrode material layer or a negative electrode material layer is coated on one side of the unipolar plate. Because the battery units of the bipolar battery stack are composed of the bipolar plate, the positive electrode material layer, the isolating layer, the negative electrode material layer and the other bipolar plate, and each battery unit has an independent electrochemical structure, the number of the battery units can be increased by increasing the number of the bipolar electrode plates, and the overall voltage of the battery is further improved. The high-voltage battery has the advantages of small energy consumption of resistance among battery units, uniform distribution of current and potential on the surface of an electrode, high charging and discharging speed of the battery and the like, so that the high-voltage battery is suitable for the fields of electric automobiles, power energy storage and the like.
During the use of the high-voltage battery, a certain pressure needs to be applied to the battery stack of the high-voltage battery so as to improve the rate capability and the cycle performance of the high-voltage battery. The pole pieces of a conventional high voltage battery are typically stressed by means of fasteners. However, the bipolar battery stack has a large area and a small thickness, and if the bipolar battery stack is pressed by the casing and the bolts, the problem of uneven stress often occurs. In addition, the high-voltage battery itself is an internal series structure, and once a certain battery unit fails, the bipolar battery stack needs to be entirely replaced or completely disassembled, resulting in difficulty in maintenance and increased cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a high voltage battery, which employs a combination of a fluid bag and an elastic part, and applies a pressing force to a bipolar battery stack through the fluid bag when the fluid bag is filled with a fluid, thereby achieving the pressing of the bipolar battery stack without a fastener; the battery cells of the bipolar battery stack are flicked by the elastic part when the fluid pouch discharges the fluid, so that the electrochemical reaction of the failed battery cell can be rapidly stopped, the diffusion of thermal runaway can be effectively prevented, and the failed battery cell can be conveniently replaced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
according to the present invention, there is provided a high voltage battery including: the bipolar battery stack comprises an isolation layer and electrode plates provided with electrode plates and electrode material layers, wherein the electrode plates comprise a plurality of bipolar electrode plates and unipolar electrode plates respectively arranged on two sides of the whole bipolar electrode plates, the isolation layer is arranged between the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode plates of the bipolar electrode plates are bipolar plates, the electrode material layers with different polarities are respectively arranged on two sides of the bipolar plates, the electrode plates of the unipolar electrode plates are unipolar plates, positive electrode material layers or negative electrode material layers are arranged on one sides of the unipolar electrode plates, the electrode plates are stacked in series according to the sequence that the electrode material layers with different polarities are oppositely arranged, and a battery unit is composed of two electrode plates of the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode material layers with different polarities and the isolation layer; a casing in which the bipolar battery stack is disposed; a fluid bag disposed between an inner wall of the top portion of the housing and the top portion of the bipolar battery stack, the bipolar battery stack being compressed by the fluid bag; and the elastic part is arranged in at least one battery unit, and the elastic force of the elastic part can bounce the battery unit under the condition that the fluid bag does not press the bipolar battery stack. In particular, the elastic portion may be provided in one of the battery cells of the bipolar battery stack, in the battery cells spaced apart from each other, or in each of the battery cells. The elastic part can be annular, strip-shaped or convex and the like. The height of at least part of the position of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery unit in the normal working state, so that the elastic part can bounce the battery unit where the elastic part is positioned under the condition that the bipolar battery stack is not pressed, the battery unit can not continue to perform electrochemical reaction, and the electrochemical reaction of the whole bipolar battery stack is cut off. The elastic member material may be an elastic material, and the elastic material may be, for example, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene, fluororubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, silicone rubber, or the like. The shape of the fluid pouch is required to cover at least the edge portion of the bipolar battery stack, that is, the fluid pouch may conform to the shape of the electrode plate so as to apply force to the entire surface of the electrode plate, or the fluid pouch may correspond to the position of the edge portion of the electrode plate so as to apply force to the edge portion of the electrode plate. The fluid bag may be provided with an infusion port through which fluid is infused into the fluid bag or through which fluid is expelled from the fluid bag. As the fluid bladder is filled with fluid, the fluid bladder continues to expand, thereby uniformly applying pressure to the adjacent bipolar stack. Compared with the method of applying the tensioning force to the bipolar battery stack through the fastener, the fluid bag can realize uniform external force application in a larger area, and uneven stress and local stress concentration of the bipolar battery stack cannot be caused. When a certain battery unit breaks down, the fixed connection between each battery unit can be released only by discharging fluid in the fluid bag, so that the operation under high voltage is avoided, the battery unit which breaks down can be replaced more conveniently and safely, the fastening of the bipolar battery stack can be completed again only by filling the fluid into the fluid bag after the new battery unit is replaced, and complex procedures such as detaching a fastener, reinstalling the fastener and the like are not needed. Under the condition that the fluid bag applies external force to the bipolar battery stack, the bipolar battery stack is compressed, and the elastic part is pressed down at the same time, so that the battery units provided with the elastic parts can be communicated, and the whole bipolar battery stack can work normally. The pressure of the fluid in the fluid bag may be set according to the actual conditions such as the size and thickness of the bipolar battery stack, and may be, for example, 10 to 100kPa, and preferably 60 to 80 kPa. When the fluid bag discharges fluid, the external force applied by the fluid bag to the bipolar battery stack is continuously reduced until the external force disappears, and the elastic parts simultaneously bounce, so that the battery unit provided with the elastic parts is disconnected, and the whole bipolar battery stack stops working.
The operation abnormality of the bipolar battery stack can be detected in various ways, for example, by a temperature sensor, an atmosphere sensor, a gas pressure sensor, and the like. When the abnormal operation of the bipolar battery stack is detected, the opening of the filling and discharging port can be controlled, so that the fluid in the fluid bag is discharged, and the elastic part pops the battery unit open. According to the present invention, the high voltage battery may further include a pressure sensor disposed on an inner wall of the top of the housing and adjacent to the fluid bag, the pressure sensor being capable of detecting a pressure change of the fluid bag, the fluid bag being fluid-drained when the pressure change of the fluid bag exceeds a predetermined value such that the fluid bag no longer pressurizes the bipolar battery stack. When the bipolar battery stack fails, a large amount of gas is generated inside, so that greater pressure is applied to the fluid bags adjacent to the bipolar battery stack, and the pressure sensors adjacent to the fluid bags can timely detect the pressure change. In addition, the pressure sensor is arranged between the fluid bag and the inner wall of the top of the shell, so that the pressure sensor can be effectively protected by covering the flexible fluid bag, and the damage of other external force to the pressure sensor is avoided.
Hereinafter, the elastic part according to the present invention will be specifically described.
The elastic part may have a ring structure extending along an edge of the battery cell and disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, and at least a portion of the height of the elastic part may be higher than a distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state in a case where the fluid pouch does not press the bipolar battery stack. That is, the elastic part may have a ring shape, the top surface of the elastic part is flush and the height of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state. In this case, it is possible to perform both the function of the elastic member and the function of the edge sealing of the battery cell without additionally providing the sealing part. According to further embodiments, the elastic part may have a ring shape, at least one protrusion may be provided on a top surface of the elastic part, and a height of the elastic part at the position where the protrusion is provided is higher than a distance between two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state. The elastic portion of this structure can be easily depressed with a small external force. The elastic part provided with the protrusions does not perform a sealing function well, and therefore, it is preferable to further provide a sealing part located inside or outside the annular elastic part and disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell to seal the edge of the battery cell. According to an embodiment, the sealing part has a ring-shaped structure, the ring-shaped sealing part may be disposed between two electrode plates of the battery cell, the height of the sealing part is substantially equal to the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, the bottom/top surface of the sealing part is fixedly connected to one of the electrode plates and the top/bottom surface of the sealing part abuts against the other of the electrode plates. When an external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, the elastic part is pressed down and the battery cells are folded to a normal operation state, and the sealing part fills the periphery of the battery cells to form a seal. When the external force applied to the bipolar battery stack is removed, the elastic portion springs up and the battery cell springs open, and the seal portion is separated from the electrode plate abutting against it. According to another embodiment, the sealing part includes an annular upper diaphragm and an annular lower diaphragm, an inner side edge of the upper diaphragm is hermetically connected to an edge of the upper electrode plate in the battery cell, an inner side edge of the lower diaphragm is hermetically connected to an edge of the lower electrode plate in the battery cell, and outer side edges of the upper diaphragm and the lower diaphragm are hermetically connected. The sum of the distances between the inner side edge and the outer side edge of the upper membrane and the lower membrane is larger than or equal to the distance between the two electrode plates when the battery unit is bounced open, or the upper membrane and the lower membrane are made of elastic materials. That is, even in the case where the battery cell is sprung open, the outer edge of the upper film maintains a sealing connection with the outer edge of the lower film, thereby ensuring the sealing of the battery cell.
The elastic part may have a discontinuous structure and be disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, and the height of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state in the case where the fluid pouch does not apply pressure to the bipolar battery stack. That is, the elastic parts may have a block shape, a stripe structure, etc., and are dispersedly disposed within the battery cell, preferably, within the non-electrochemical reaction region of the edge of the battery cell. In this case, the high voltage battery further includes a sealing part disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell. When the elastic part has a dispersed block or strip structure, the sealing part may be disposed along the edge of the battery cell in a ring shape. Alternatively, when the elastic parts are in a discrete block or strip structure, the sealing parts may be alternately arranged along the same circle with the elastic parts in a strip form and hermetically connected with each other, so that the purpose of sealing the edges of the battery cell is jointly achieved by the elastic parts and the sealing parts connected with each other.
The fluid bag may be filled with gas or liquid, and when filled with gas, has less influence on the weight and energy density of the entire battery. The fluid in the fluid bag may also be a special fluid, such as a fire retardant fluid, a heating fluid or a cooling fluid, etc. When the fluid bag contains a fire-retardant fluid, a valve may be provided on the fluid bag leading to the interior of the housing. When the valve is opened, the flame-retardant fluid in the fluid bag quickly enters the shell to prevent the combustion and explosion of the bipolar battery stack, and meanwhile, the fluid in the fluid bag flows out to reduce the pressure applied by the fluid bag to the bipolar battery stack, so that the elastic part can bounce the battery unit, and the safety of the battery can be dually ensured. The flame retardant fluid may be, for example: one or more of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, helium, sulfur dioxide, heptafluoropropane, dodecafluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone and the like; or one or more of alkyl phosphate, aromatic phosphate, phosphite, phosphazene, phosphorus-halogen organic compound, tricresyl phosphate, dimethyl methyl phosphate, hexamethylphosphoramide, tetrabromobisphenol, phosphaphenanthrene derivative, nitrogen phosphorus alkene additive and phosphazene compound; or water or silicone oil. When the fluid bag contains heating fluid or cooling fluid, the fluid in the fluid bag can be used for heating or cooling the bipolar battery stack while applying pressure. The heating or cooling fluid may be continuously or intermittently injected or removed through an injection port in the fluid bag.
The fluid bag may be a single fluid bag or a plurality of fluid bags. In the case where a plurality of fluid bags are provided, each fluid bag may perform different functions of pressurizing, containing a fire-retardant fluid, containing a cooling fluid, containing a heating fluid, and the like. This makes it possible to fully utilize the space above the bipolar battery stack while taking into account the battery weight and various functions. For example, the fluid bags include a first fluid bag having a shape and a position corresponding to a position of an edge of the battery cell, and containing a fluid for pressurizing the bipolar battery stack therein, and a second fluid bag located inside the first fluid bag, containing a fluid for flame retarding, heating, or cooling the bipolar battery stack therein. Corresponding evacuation ports may be provided on the first and second fluid bags.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the high-voltage battery is provided with the fluid bag and the elastic part, so that the electrochemical reaction of the bipolar battery stack can be quickly cut off when the battery fails, and the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the failed battery unit can be conveniently replaced;
2) the bipolar battery stack can be uniformly applied with force by using the fluid bag without using other fasteners, so that the bipolar battery stack has a simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture. When the fluid bag is filled with gas, the fluid bag is lighter in weight, so that the weight of the high-voltage battery is reduced, and the energy density of the high-voltage battery is improved;
3) in the invention, a plurality of fluid bags can be used, so that external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, and the space in the battery can be fully utilized to realize safety guarantee, cooling or heating of the battery and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3(a) to 3(f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4(a) to 4(f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5(a) to 5(f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1-Bipolar Battery Stack
101-Battery cell
102-electrode plate
103-layer of Positive electrode Material
104-layer of negative electrode material
105-barrier layer
2-outer cover
3-fluid bag
3 a-first fluid bag
3 b-second fluid bag
301-injection and discharge port
302-valve
4-pressure sensor
4 a-first pressure sensor
4 b-second pressure sensor
5-elastic part
501-projection
6, 6' -seal
6 a-Upper diaphragm
6 b-lower diaphragm
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained by embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the high-voltage battery includes a bipolar battery stack 1, a casing 2, a fluid bag 3, and a pressure sensor 4. The housing 2 may include a top and a lower shell. The bipolar battery stack 1 is provided with a plurality of battery cells 101, and each battery cell 101 includes electrode plates on both sides, a positive electrode material layer, a negative electrode material layer, and a separator. An elastic part 5 is provided along the edge of each battery cell 101, the lower surface of the elastic part 5 is fixedly connected with the electrode plate on the lower side in the battery cell 101, and the upper surface of the elastic part 5 is fixedly connected with the electrode plate on the upper side in the battery cell 101. In the case where no external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, the height of the elastic portion 5 is higher than the height between the two electrode plates of the battery unit 101 in the normal operation state, so that the two electrode plates of the battery unit 101 can be sprung apart to prevent the electrochemical reaction of the entire bipolar battery stack. In the case where an external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, the height of the elastic portion 5 after being compressed is equal to the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state, so that the normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101 can be ensured. In this embodiment, the elastic member 5 also functions as a sealing member for sealing the entire edge of the battery cell 101. The fluid bag 3 is disposed between the top of the bipolar battery stack 1 and the inner wall of the top of the housing 2, the planar dimensions of the fluid bag 3 are approximately equal to the planar dimensions of the bipolar battery stack 1, and the fluid bag 3 can apply pressure to the entire top surface of the bipolar battery stack 1, particularly the edge position of the fluid bag 3 can apply pressure to the edge portion of the bipolar battery stack 1. The fluid bag 3 is provided with an injection/exhaust port 301 leading to the outside of the battery, and nitrogen gas can be injected into the fluid bag 3 or the nitrogen gas in the fluid bag 3 can be exhausted through the injection/exhaust port 301. The pressure applied by the fluid bag 3 to the bipolar battery stack 1 can be controlled by controlling the injection amount and the discharge amount of nitrogen gas in the fluid bag 3, thereby controlling the compression and the bounce of the elastic portion 5. A valve 302 is also provided on the fluid bag 3 to the interior of the battery, and when the valve 302 is opened, nitrogen in the fluid bag 3 will enter the housing 2 of the battery, thereby preventing the faulty battery from burning. The pressure sensor 4 is disposed on the inner wall of the top of the case 2, and is interposed between the inner wall of the top of the case 2 and the upper surface of the fluid pouch 3, and the pressure sensor 4 is used to detect a pressure change of the fluid pouch 3 due to abnormal gas generation when the bipolar battery stack 1 malfunctions.
During the high-voltage battery assembly process, the bipolar battery stack 1 is housed in the casing 2, the fluid bag 3 is placed between the top of the bipolar battery stack 1 and the inner wall of the top of the casing 2, and then the fluid bag 3 is injected with nitrogen gas via the injection and exhaust port 301. The fluid bag 3 filled with nitrogen gas gradually expands to apply pressure to the bipolar battery stack 1, and the elastic portion 5 is pressed down until each battery cell 101 assumes a closed normal operating state. When the bipolar battery stack 1 abnormally generates gas due to a failure of a certain battery cell 101, the bipolar battery stack 1 increases the force acting on the fluid bladder 3, and the pressure change is detected by the pressure sensor 4. When the pressure of the fluid bag 3 changes beyond a predetermined value, nitrogen gas in the fluid bag 3 can be directly discharged into the casing 2 via the valve 302 to quickly prevent combustion of the bipolar battery stack 1, while the pressure of the fluid bag 3 against the bipolar battery stack 1 is reduced due to the discharge of nitrogen gas in the fluid bag 3, so that the battery cells 101 of the bipolar battery stack 1 are ejected through the elastic portions 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the high voltage battery includes a bipolar battery stack 1, a housing 2, a first fluid bag 3a, a second fluid bag 3b, a first pressure sensor 4a, and a second pressure sensor 4 b. The bipolar battery stack 1 is provided with a plurality of battery cells 101, and each battery cell 101 includes electrode plates on both sides, a positive electrode material layer, a negative electrode material layer, and a separator. An elastic part 5 is provided in each battery cell 101, and the lower surface of the elastic part 5 may be fixedly connected to the electrode plate on the lower side in the battery cell 101, and the upper surface of the elastic part 5 may be fixedly connected to the electrode plate on the upper side in the battery cell 101. In the case where no external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack 1, the height of the elastic portion 5 is higher than the height between the two electrode plates of the battery unit 101 in the normal operation state, so that the two electrode plates of the battery unit 101 provided with the elastic portion 5 can be sprung apart so as to prevent the electrochemical reaction of the entire bipolar battery stack 1. In the case where an external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack 1, the height of the elastic portion 5 after being compressed is equal to the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state, so that the normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101 can be ensured. In the battery cell 101, the elastic portion 5 also functions as a sealing portion that seals the entire edge of the battery cell 101. The first fluid pouch 3a and the second fluid pouch 3b are disposed between the top of the bipolar battery stack 1 and the inner wall of the top of the housing 2. The first fluid bag 3a is substantially annular, the position of the first fluid bag 3a corresponds to the position of the edge of the bipolar battery stack 1 so as to ensure that pressure is applied to the edge of the bipolar battery stack 1, carbon dioxide gas is contained in the first fluid bag 3a, and the first fluid bag 3a is provided with a first injection and exhaust port for injecting and exhausting the carbon dioxide gas. The second fluid bag 3b is located inside the first fluid bag 3a, the second fluid bag 3b is substantially rectangular, the second fluid bag 3b contains cooling water therein, and the second fluid bag 3b is provided with a second injection and drainage port for injecting and draining the cooling water. The pressure of the first fluid bag 3a exerted on the edge of the bipolar battery stack 1 can be controlled by controlling the injection amount and the discharge amount of carbon dioxide in the first fluid bag 3a, thereby controlling the compression and the bounce of the elastic portion 5. The degree of cooling of the bipolar battery stack 1 can be controlled by controlling the injection amount and flow rate of the cooling water in the second fluid pouch 3b, and the like. The provision of the first fluid pouch 3a and the second fluid pouch 3b containing different fluids at the same time can simultaneously take into consideration the weight reduction of the battery and the cooling effect of the battery. The pressure sensors are provided on the inner wall of the top of the case 2, the first pressure sensor 4a is interposed between the inner wall of the top of the case 2 and the upper surface of the first fluid bag 3a, the second pressure sensor 4b is interposed between the inner wall of the top of the case 2 and the upper surface of the second fluid bag 3b, and the first pressure sensor 4a and the second pressure sensor 4b are used to detect a pressure change of the fluid bags due to abnormal gas generation of the bipolar battery stack 1.
Fig. 3(a) to 3(f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 3(a) is a perspective view, fig. 3(b) is a plan view, fig. 3(c) and 3(d) are schematic views of a cross-section and a partially enlarged cross-section of the battery cell in the case where an external force is not applied, and fig. 3(e) and 3(f) are schematic views of a cross-section and a partially enlarged cross-section of the battery cell in the case where an external force is applied. The elastic part 5 is provided at the edge of the battery cell 101, and the elastic part 5 has a ring-shaped structure and is provided along the edge of the battery cell 101. The height H of the elastic part 5 is higher than the distance H between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state. As shown in fig. 3(c) and 3(D), when no external force is applied, the elastic part 5 springs up to spread the two electrode plates 102 of the battery cell 101, and further, the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 provided on the two electrode plates are separated by a distance D, thereby cutting off the electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101. As shown in fig. 3(e) and 3(f), in the case of application of an external force, the elastic part 5 is compressed, and the battery cell 101 is in a position of a normal operating state, that is, such that the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 are respectively adjacent to the separator 105, thereby ensuring a normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101.
Fig. 4(a) to 4(f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 4(a) is a perspective view, fig. 4(b) is a plan view, fig. 4(c) and 4(d) are schematic views of a cross-section and a partially enlarged cross-section of the battery cell in the case where an external force is not applied, and fig. 4(e) and 4(f) are schematic views of a cross-section and a partially enlarged cross-section of the battery cell in the case where an external force is applied. The elastic part 5 is provided at the edge of the battery cell 101, the base of the elastic part 5 has a ring-shaped structure, and a plurality of protrusions 501 are provided on the upper surface of the ring-shaped structure. The annular base of the resilient portion 5 and the projection 501 may be integrally formed. Alternatively, the annular base of the elastic part 5 may be formed and fixedly connected with the protrusion 501, the base and the protrusion 501 may be made of different materials, the protrusion 501 mainly plays a role of springing and compressing, the base mainly plays a role of connecting the plurality of protrusions 501, and the base may be made of a non-elastic material. The distance between the anode material layer and the cathode material layer can be increased under the condition of not applying external force by the bounce of the bulge 501, the reaction of the bipolar battery stack is cut off, and meanwhile, excessive external force does not need to be applied when the bipolar battery stack is pressed down, and only a plurality of bulges 501 are compressed. And a sealing part 6 is further arranged outside the elastic part 5, the sealing part comprises an annular upper membrane 6a connected around the edge of the upper electrode plate and an annular lower membrane 6b connected around the edge of the lower electrode plate, the inner side edge of the upper membrane 6a is connected with the edge of the upper electrode plate in a sealing way, the inner side edge of the lower membrane 6b is connected with the edge of the lower electrode plate in a sealing way, the outer side edge of the upper membrane 6a is connected with the outer side edge of the lower membrane 6b in a sealing way, and therefore the sealing of the battery unit 101 is formed through the membrane type sealing part 6. As shown in fig. 4(c) and 4(D), when no external force is applied, the protrusions 501 of the elastic part 5 are bounced to spread the two electrode plates 102 of the battery cell 101, and further, the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 provided on the two electrode plates are separated by a distance D, thereby cutting off the electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101. The sum of the distance a between the inner and outer edges of the annular upper film 6a and the distance B between the inner and outer edges of the annular lower film 6B, i.e., the length a + B of the film at the stretchable portion between the two electrode plates, is greater than the distance H between the two electrode plates when the battery cell is sprung open, and the film seal 6 ensures the sealing of the battery cell 101 when the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 are stretched open. As shown in fig. 4(e) and 4(f), in the case where an external force is applied, the protrusions 501 of the elastic parts 5 are compressed, and the battery cell 101 is in a position of a normal operation state, that is, such that the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 are respectively adjacent to the separator 105, thereby ensuring a normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101.
Fig. 5(a) to 5(f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 5(a) is a perspective view, fig. 5(b) is a plan view, fig. 5(c) and 5(d) are schematic views of a cross-section and a partially enlarged cross-section of the battery cell in the case where external force is not applied, and fig. 5(e) and 5(f) are schematic views of a cross-section and a partially enlarged cross-section of the battery cell in the case where external force is applied. The elastic parts 5 and the sealing parts 6 are alternately disposed along one edge of the battery cell 101. Four rectangular strip-shaped elastic parts 5 are arranged at four corners of the battery unit 101, a linear strip-shaped sealing part 6 is arranged between the two elastic parts 5, and the elastic parts 5 are connected with the sealing part 6 in a sealing manner. The height of the elastic part 5 is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state, and the height of the sealing part 6 is approximately equal to the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state. The springing and closing of the battery unit 101 are achieved by the springing and compressing of the elastic part 5, and the sealing of the battery unit 101 is achieved by the cooperation of the elastic part 5 and the sealing part 6. In order to ensure the sealing effect of the battery cell 101, an additional diaphragm type sealing portion 6' may be provided outside the elastic portion 5 and the sealing portion 6. The sealing part 6 'includes an annular upper membrane 6a connected around the edge of the electrode plate on the upper side and an annular lower membrane 6b connected around the edge of the electrode plate on the lower side, and the outer edges of the upper and lower membranes 6a and 6b are hermetically connected, thereby forming a double seal to the battery cell 101 through the membrane type sealing part 6' and the elastic part 5 and the sealing part 6. As shown in fig. 5(c) and 5(D), when no external force is applied, the elastic portions 5 at the four corners spring up to spread the two electrode plates 102 of the battery cell 101, and further, the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 provided on the two electrode plates are separated by a distance D, thereby cutting off the electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101. When the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 are spread apart, the diaphragm-type seal portion 6' ensures sealing of the battery cell 101. As shown in fig. 5(e) and 5(f), when an external force is applied, the elastic parts 5 at the four corners are compressed, and the battery cell 101 is positioned in a normal operation state, that is, such that the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 are respectively adjacent to the separator 105, thereby ensuring a normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101.
The specific embodiments of the present invention are not intended to be limiting of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments, using the methods and techniques disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (11)
1. A high voltage battery, comprising: the bipolar battery stack comprises an isolation layer and an electrode plate provided with an electrode plate and an electrode material layer, the electrode plates comprise a plurality of bipolar electrode plates and monopolar electrode plates which are respectively arranged at the two sides of the whole bipolar electrode plates, the isolating layers are arranged between the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode plates of the bipolar electrode plates are bipolar plates, and electrode material layers with different polarities are respectively arranged on the two sides of the bipolar plates, the electrode plate of the unipolar electrode plate is a unipolar plate, the positive electrode material layer or the negative electrode material layer is arranged on one side of the unipolar electrode plate, the electrode plates are stacked in series according to the sequence that electrode material layers with different polarities are oppositely arranged, and the battery unit is composed of two electrode plates of the adjacent electrode plates, electrode material layers with different polarities and the isolating layer; a housing in which the bipolar cell stack is disposed; a fluid bag disposed between an inner wall of the top portion of the housing and the top portion of the bipolar battery stack, the bipolar battery stack being compressed by the fluid bag; and the elastic part is arranged in at least one battery unit, and the elastic force of the elastic part can pop the battery unit away under the condition that the fluid bag does not press the bipolar battery stack.
2. The high voltage battery of claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor disposed on an interior wall of the top of the housing and adjacent to the fluid bag, the pressure sensor capable of detecting a change in pressure of the fluid bag, the fluid bag being fluidly vented when the change in pressure of the fluid bag exceeds a predetermined value such that the fluid bag no longer pressurizes the bipolar battery stack.
3. The high-voltage battery according to claim 1, wherein the material of the elastic portion is an elastic material, and the elastic material is porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene, fluororubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, or silicone rubber.
4. The high-voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic portion is a ring-shaped structure extending along an edge of the battery cell and is disposed between two electrode plates of the battery cell, and at least a part of a height of the elastic portion is higher than a distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state without the fluid pouch pressing the bipolar battery stack.
5. The high-voltage battery according to claim 4, further comprising an annular sealing part located inside or outside the annular elastic part and disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell to seal the edge of the battery cell.
6. The high-voltage battery according to claim 5, wherein the sealing part has an annular structure, a height of the sealing part is equal to a height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, a bottom/top surface of the sealing part is fixedly connected to one of the two electrode plates and a top/bottom surface of the sealing part abuts against the other of the two electrode plates; or, the sealing part comprises an annular upper membrane and an annular lower membrane, the inner side edge of the upper membrane is connected with the edge of the electrode plate on the upper side of the battery unit in a sealing mode, the inner side edge of the lower membrane is connected with the edge of the electrode plate on the lower side of the battery unit in a sealing mode, and the outer side edges of the upper membrane and the lower membrane are connected in a sealing mode.
7. The high voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic part is of a discontinuous structure and is disposed between two electrode plates of the battery cell, and has a height higher than a distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state in a case where the fluid pouch does not press the bipolar battery stack, and further comprises a sealing part disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, the height of the sealing part being equal to the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state for sealing an edge of the battery cell.
8. The high voltage battery according to claim 7, wherein the sealing parts are disposed in a ring shape along the edges of the battery cell, or the sealing parts are alternately disposed in a strip shape along the same circle as the elastic parts and are hermetically connected to each other.
9. The high voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a fire-retardant fluid is contained in the fluid bag, and a valve is provided in the fluid bag to the inside of the case, and when the valve is opened, the fire-retardant fluid in the fluid bag enters the case to prevent a combustion explosion of the bipolar battery stack.
10. The high-voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fluid pouch includes a first fluid pouch and a second fluid pouch, the first fluid pouch having a shape and a position corresponding to a position of an edge of the battery cell, the first fluid pouch containing therein a fluid for pressurizing the bipolar battery stack, the second fluid pouch being located inside the first fluid pouch, the second fluid pouch containing therein a fluid for flame-retarding, heating, or cooling the bipolar battery stack.
11. A high voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressure of the fluid within the fluid bag is 10 to 100kPa, preferably 60 to 80 kPa.
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| WO2024080505A1 (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-18 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Battery module, and battery pack and energy storage system including same |
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