CN114824380A - Fuel cell anode circulating system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell anode circulating system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114824380A CN114824380A CN202210567953.0A CN202210567953A CN114824380A CN 114824380 A CN114824380 A CN 114824380A CN 202210567953 A CN202210567953 A CN 202210567953A CN 114824380 A CN114824380 A CN 114824380A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a fuel cell anode circulating system and a control method thereof, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a hydrogen tank, a galvanic pile, an ejector, a water separator, an electrochemical hydrogen pump, a controller and a DCDC; the ejector is arranged between the hydrogen tank and the anode inlet of the galvanic pile to form an air inlet passage; the ejector return port and the water separator are connected with the anode outlet of the galvanic pile to form a hydrogen circulation passage; the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with the ejector in parallel; and the controller is used for controlling the ejector and/or the electrochemical hydrogen pump to work according to the working condition. The invention widens the low working condition range of the fuel cell anode system such as idling and the like; the controller adjusts the current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump to realize the adjustment of the hydrogen reflux flow; the electrochemical hydrogen pump filters nitrogen and improves the concentration of reflux hydrogen; the regulation and control mode is simple and the control mode is flexible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell anode circulating system and a control method thereof.
Background
In the anode side of the conventional fuel cell system, a hydrogen reflux method is mostly adopted to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen. The hydrogen consumed by the reactor discharge without reaction is mixed with the fresh hydrogen from the hydrogen bottle by the action of a circulating pump or an ejector, and the mixture is supplied to the reactor again for reaction. Compared with a circulating pump, the ejector is driven passively, external energy is not needed, moving parts are not needed, and the processing cost is low, so that the advantage of application is obvious.
According to the working principle of the ejector, fresh hydrogen (primary flow) from a high-pressure hydrogen bottle is sprayed through a nozzle to form negative pressure locally, so that hydrogen mixture (secondary flow) which is not consumed by reaction of the pile is sucked in a winding manner, and the hydrogen mixture is mixed with the fresh hydrogen and then enters the pile to react, and the flow from low pressure to high pressure of the secondary flow is realized. However, the ejector nozzle is mostly of a single fixed caliber, so that the working range is narrow, and the working requirement of the fuel cell from idling to rated speed is difficult to cover. Especially, the idle speed working condition: the hydrogen consumption of the galvanic pile is low, the jet flow of the corresponding ejector is small, at the moment, the backflow entrainment capacity is weak and very sensitive, and if the backflow hydrogen flow is insufficient and even backflow occurs, the performance of the galvanic pile is reduced; and the reflux flow rate cannot be adjusted at this time.
The prior art usually adopts the mode of being parallelly connected with the circulating pump, and the idle speed operating mode guarantees the backward flow through the circulating pump. However, the circulating pump has moving parts inside, so that the circulating pump is easy to consume, has icing risk, and has high cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the backflow capacity of an idle point of an ejector is limited and cannot be adjusted in the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell anode circulating system which comprises: the system comprises a hydrogen tank, a galvanic pile, an ejector, a water separator, an electrochemical hydrogen pump, a controller and a DCDC; the inlet of the ejector is connected with the hydrogen tank, and the outlet of the ejector is connected with the anode inlet of the galvanic pile to form an air inlet passage; the ejector return port is connected with the gas outlet of the water separator, a control valve is arranged between the ejector return port and the water separator, and the gas inlet of the water separator is connected with the anode outlet of the galvanic pile to form a hydrogen circulation passage; the outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with the anode inlet of the galvanic pile, and the inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with the anode outlet of the galvanic pile; the controller is used for controlling the ejector and/or the electrochemical hydrogen pump to work according to the current working condition; the DCDC is used for converting the current of the galvanic pile into the current required by a controller and an electrochemical hydrogen pump.
Specifically, a tail discharge valve is arranged at a tail discharge port of the water separator to control tail discharge flow.
Specifically, a main hydrogen injection control valve is arranged between the inlet of the ejector and the hydrogen tank to control the hydrogen flow.
Specifically, the hydrogen tank is directly connected with the anode inlet of the galvanic pile to form an air inlet bypass connected with the ejector in parallel.
Specifically, a bypass hydrogen injection control valve is arranged on the air inlet bypass to control the hydrogen flow.
Specifically, the electrochemistry hydrogen pump includes low pressure chamber, transmission medium, high pressure chamber, power source, the pile positive pole export is connected to the low pressure chamber, the pile positive pole entry is connected to the high pressure chamber, power source connection DCDC, transmission medium is used for filtering impurity gas, improves hydrogen concentration. And the low-pressure hydrogen mixture from the anode outlet of the pile enters the low-pressure cavity from the inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump. Under the action of current input from power supply interface, hydrogen gas is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons, i.e. H 2 = 2H + +2e - ；
Wherein the transmission medium transports hydrogen ions to the high pressure chamber and combines with electrons to produce hydrogen gas, i.e., 2H + +2e - =H 2 ；
The input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is adjusted through the controller, so that the amount of the transmitted hydrogen is controlled to meet the requirement. The hydrogen flows from low pressure to high pressure.
The transmission medium can not pass through impurity gases such as nitrogen and the like, has a filtering effect, and improves the concentration of the backflow hydrogen.
The invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell anode circulating system, which comprises the following steps:
the controller judges whether the electric density is lower than a threshold value and is low; if so, the controller controls the electrochemical hydrogen pump to work, and the controller controls the control valve to close; if not, the controller closes the electrochemical hydrogen pump, and the controller controls the control valve to open.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the controller judges whether the electric density is lower than a threshold value and is low;
if so, proceed with
Y1, feeding back the required current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump to be I by the controller according to the required flow of the backflow hydrogen; y2 DCDC provides the current value for the electrochemical hydrogen pump;
the Y3 controller controls the control valve to close;
if not, proceed
The input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump fed back by the N1 controller is 0;
the N2 DCDC stops supplying power to the electrochemical hydrogen pump;
the N3 controller controls the control valve to open.
The invention widens the low working condition range of the fuel cell anode system such as idling and the like; the controller adjusts the current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump to realize the adjustment of the reflux flow; the electrochemical hydrogen pump filters nitrogen and improves the concentration of reflux hydrogen; the regulation and control mode is simple and the control mode is flexible.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows a fuel cell anode circulation system in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the operation principle of the electrochemical hydrogen pump in the anode circulation system of the fuel cell in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a control method of an anode circulation system of a fuel cell in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a hydrogen tank; 2-main path hydrogen injection control valve; 3-bypass hydrogen injection control valve; 4-an ejector; 4 a-ejector inlet; 4 b-ejector outlet; 4 c-ejector return port; 5-electric pile; 5 a-the anode inlet of the galvanic pile; 5 b-the anode outlet of the galvanic pile; 5 c-stack cathode inlet; 5 d-a cathode outlet of the galvanic pile; 6-a water separator; 7-tail exhaust valve; 8-a control valve; 9-electrochemical hydrogen pump (ECC); 10-DCDC; 11-a controller; 9 a-electrochemical hydrogen pump inlet; 9 b-a low pressure chamber; 9 c-a high pressure chamber; 9 d-electrochemical hydrogen pump outlet; 9 e-a power interface; 9 f-transmission medium.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "connected" and "communicating" mean connected or communicating either directly or indirectly through other components. The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same items, but do not directly indicate a difference in order of precedence or degree of importance. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
As shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell anode circulation system, an ejector and an electrochemical hydrogen pump are connected in parallel, and the fuel cell anode circulation system comprises: the system comprises a hydrogen tank 1, a galvanic pile 5, an ejector 4, a water separator 6, an electrochemical hydrogen pump 9, a controller 11 and DCDC 10; the ejector inlet 4a is connected with the hydrogen tank 1, and the ejector outlet 4b is connected with the anode inlet 5a of the galvanic pile to form an air inlet passage; the ejector return port 4c is connected with the gas outlet of the water separator 6, a control valve 8 is arranged between the ejector return port 4c and the water separator 6, and the gas inlet of the water separator 6 is connected with the anode outlet 5b of the galvanic pile to form a hydrogen circulation passage; an electrochemical hydrogen pump outlet 9d of the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9 is connected with the anode inlet 5a of the galvanic pile, and an electrochemical hydrogen pump inlet 9a of the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9 is connected with the anode outlet 5b of the galvanic pile; the controller 11 is used for controlling the ejector 4 and/or the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9 to work according to the current working condition; the DCDC10 is used for converting the current of the galvanic pile 5 into the current required by the controller 11 and the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9.
And a tail discharge valve 7 is arranged at a tail discharge port of the water separator 6 and used for controlling tail discharge flow.
And a main hydrogen injection control valve 2 is arranged between the ejector inlet 4a and the hydrogen tank 1 and is used for controlling the hydrogen flow.
The hydrogen tank 1 is directly connected with the anode inlet 5a of the pile to form an air inlet bypass which is connected with the ejector 4 in parallel. And a bypass hydrogen injection control valve 3 is arranged on the air inlet bypass and is used for controlling the flow ratio of the main flow to the bypass hydrogen.
When the fuel cell is in an idling working condition, the controller 11 inputs a certain current to the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9 by controlling the DCDC10, and hydrogen transmission with a required flow is realized according to the working principle; wherein the controller controls the control valve 8 to close to avoid hydrogen backflow. The controller controls the current input into the electrochemical hydrogen pump, adjusts the flow rate of the backflow hydrogen and widens the working range of the idle speed and the low working condition of the ejector.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides an electrochemical hydrogen pump operation principle in the anode circulation system of a fuel cell:
the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9 comprises a low-pressure cavity 9b, a transmission medium 9f, a high-pressure cavity 9c and a power interface 9e, wherein the low-pressure cavity 9b is connected with the anode outlet 5b of the stack through an electrochemical hydrogen pump inlet 9a, the high-pressure cavity 9c is connected with the anode inlet 5a of the stack through an electrochemical hydrogen pump outlet 9d, the power interface 9e is connected with DCDC10, and the transmission medium 9f is used for filtering impurity gases and improving the hydrogen concentration. The low-pressure hydrogen mixture from the anode outlet 5b of the pile enters the low-pressure chamber 9b from the electrochemical hydrogen pump inlet 9 a. Under the action of the input current of the power interface 9e, the hydrogen gas is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons, namely H 2 = 2H + +2e - ；
Wherein the transmission medium 9f transports the hydrogen ions to the high pressure chamber 9c and combines with the electrons to generate hydrogen gas, i.e. 2H + +2e - =H 2 ；
Wherein, the input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump 9 is adjusted by the controller 11 to control the amount of the transmitted hydrogen to meet the demand. The hydrogen flows from low pressure to high pressure.
The transmission medium 9f cannot pass through impurity gases such as nitrogen and the like, has a filtering effect, and improves the concentration of the backflow hydrogen.
As shown in fig. 3, a control flow chart of the anode circulation system of the fuel cell.
Starting;
judging whether the current density is lower than a threshold value or not and determining that the current density is low;
if so, proceed with
Y1, feeding back the demand current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump as I by the controller according to the demand flow of the backflow hydrogen; y2 DCDC provides the current value for the electrochemical hydrogen pump;
the Y3 controller controls the control valve 8 to close;
if not, then proceed
The input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump fed back by the N1 controller is 0;
the N2 DCDC stops supplying power to the electrochemical hydrogen pump;
the N3 controller controls the control valve 8 to open;
and (6) ending.
The regulation and control mode is simple and the control mode is flexible.
The invention widens the low working condition range of the fuel cell anode system such as idling and the like; the current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is adjusted through a controller, so that the adjustment of the hydrogen backflow flow is realized; the electrochemical hydrogen pump filters nitrogen and improves the concentration of reflux hydrogen; the regulation and control mode is simple and the control mode is flexible.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell anode circulation system, comprising: the system comprises a hydrogen tank, a galvanic pile, an ejector, a water separator, an electrochemical hydrogen pump, a controller and a DCDC; the inlet of the ejector is connected with the hydrogen tank, and the outlet of the ejector is connected with the anode inlet of the galvanic pile to form an air inlet passage; the ejector return port is connected with the gas outlet of the water separator, a control valve is arranged between the ejector return port and the water separator, and the gas inlet of the water separator is connected with the anode outlet of the galvanic pile to form a hydrogen circulation passage; the outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with the anode inlet of the galvanic pile, and the inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with the anode outlet of the galvanic pile; the controller is used for controlling the ejector and/or the electrochemical hydrogen pump to work according to the current working condition; the DCDC is used for converting the current of the galvanic pile into the current required by a controller and an electrochemical hydrogen pump.
2. The fuel cell anode circulation system according to claim 1, wherein the water separator tail outlet is provided with a tail outlet valve.
3. The fuel cell anode circulation system according to claim 1, wherein a main path hydrogen injection control valve is provided between the injector inlet and the hydrogen tank.
4. The fuel cell anode recycle system of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen tank is connected directly to the stack anode inlet to form an inlet bypass in parallel with the eductor.
5. The fuel cell anode circulation system according to claim 4, wherein a bypass hydrogen injection control valve is provided on the intake bypass.
6. The fuel cell anode circulation system according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical hydrogen pump comprises a low pressure chamber, a transmission medium, a high pressure chamber, and a power interface, the low pressure chamber is connected to the anode outlet of the stack, the high pressure chamber is connected to the anode inlet of the stack, the power interface is connected to the DCDC, and the transmission medium is used for filtering impurity gases and increasing the hydrogen concentration.
7. A method for controlling an anode circulation system of a fuel cell, wherein the anode circulation system of the fuel cell is the system of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:
the controller judges whether the current density is lower than a threshold value and is low; if so, the controller controls the electrochemical hydrogen pump to work and controls the control valve to be closed; if not, the controller closes the electrochemical hydrogen pump and controls the control valve to open.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210567953.0A CN114824380A (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Fuel cell anode circulating system and control method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210567953.0A CN114824380A (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Fuel cell anode circulating system and control method thereof |
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| CN114824380A true CN114824380A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115732726A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-03 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell anode tail gas treatment system device and tail gas treatment method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-05-24 CN CN202210567953.0A patent/CN114824380A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115732726A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-03 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell anode tail gas treatment system device and tail gas treatment method thereof |
| CN115732726B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-08-15 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell anode tail gas treatment system device and tail gas treatment method thereof |
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