CN114824346A - One-end-sealed conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell and cell stack structure - Google Patents
One-end-sealed conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell and cell stack structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0236—Glass; Ceramics; Cermets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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Abstract
The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell supported by a conductive flat tube with one sealed end and a cell stack structure. The battery packs are connected in series or in parallel through the support body, when the battery packs are connected in parallel, the support body also has the current collecting function, current generated in the battery packs is transmitted to the opening end through the support body, and low-temperature opening end drainage is realized. Compared with a ceramic support body, the conductive flat tube has higher mechanical strength and faster electric pile starting speed as the support body, and can collect cathode current in the series battery pack under the reducing atmosphere and conduct current at the low-temperature opening end, so that the aims of increasing the volumetric power density of the battery, enhancing the output performance of the battery and reducing the current collection difficulty are fulfilled. In addition, the series structure of the plurality of single cells can realize low current and high voltage output, and reduce ohmic loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy structure optimization and solid oxide fuel cells, in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with one end sealed and a conductive flat tube support and a cell stack structure.
Background
The SOFC is an electrochemical energy conversion device for continuously supplying fuel and oxidant, and has the advantages of fuel flexibility (natural gas, biomass gas and other hydrocarbons and municipal refuse can be used), cleanness, high efficiency (the fuel regeneration rate is more than 70%), capability of improving the comprehensive utilization rate to more than 90% through a combined heat and power device, and the like. Therefore, it has great prospect in improving electrical efficiency and environmental benefits.
The SOFC single cell structures developed at present are mainly divided into two basic structures, namely a tubular structure and a flat plate structure, and the two basic structures are mainly different from each other in the sealing form of a fuel channel and an oxidant channel of a cell and the circuit connection mode of single cells in a cell stack. The flat plate structure has the advantages of short current channel, higher output current density and power density compared with the tubular battery, more compact battery stack and the like, but the flat plate structure has the technical problems of difficult high-temperature sealing, unmatched high-temperature thermal stress and the like; the tubular structure has the characteristics of no need of high-temperature sealing, small thermal stress, simple assembly of single cells, easy realization of high power and the like, but has the problems of longer current collection path, slightly low power density and the like.
The flat-tube SOFC integrates the characteristics of a flat SOFC and a tube SOFC, keeps the characteristic of easy sealing of the tube SOFC, has a firm structure, is relatively simple in cell assembly, and is easy to combine into a high-power battery pack through parallel connection and series connection among cell units. In the related technology, the flat tube type SOFC still has the problems of difficult current collection and low volume power density.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the related art, the application provides a flat tube supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with one sealed end and a cell stack structure, so as to solve the problems of low volume power density and difficult current collection of the flat tube type solid oxide fuel cell.
The specific invention content is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a flat tube supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer structure with a sealed end and an electric conduction, the structure comprising: the battery pack comprises a conductive flat tube support body, a porous insulating layer and a battery pack;
the conductive flat tube support body consists of an open end, a main body area and a sealing end, wherein the open end is opposite to the sealing end, and the main body area is positioned between the open end and the sealing end;
the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series through a connecting body, and the battery pack is distributed on a first plane and a second plane which are parallel to each other in the main body area to form a first plane battery pack and a second plane battery pack; the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in an axisymmetrical manner by the axis of the conductive flat tube support body, or the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner by the axis of the conductive flat tube support body;
the conductive flat tube support body is used for transmitting current generated in the conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with one sealed end;
the porous insulating layer is positioned between the conductive flat tube supporting body and the battery pack.
Optionally, when the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in axial symmetry with the axis of the conductive flat tube support body, the first planar battery pack is connected in parallel with the second planar battery pack, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected with the conductive flat tube support body through the connector, and the cathode layer of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack is connected with the conductive flat tube support body through the connector.
Optionally, when the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in a central symmetry manner around the axis of the conductive flat tube support, the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are connected in series, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected with the conductive flat tube support through the connector, and the anode layer of the last cell in the second planar battery pack is connected with the conductive flat tube support through the connector.
Optionally, the conductive flat tube support is prepared by extrusion molding.
Optionally, the conductive flat tube support body comprises ceramic, and the ceramic is composed of ceramic which cannot be reduced by hydrogen and ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen;
wherein the ceramic that is not reducible by hydrogen comprises one or more of magnesia, magnesia-alumina spinel, mullite, pansy, and doped zirconia;
the ceramic capable of being reduced by hydrogen comprises one or more of nickel oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide and copper oxide;
the mass ratio of the ceramic which can not be reduced by hydrogen to the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen is 4: 6-6: 4;
when the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen is reduced to form metal, the content of the metal accounts for 25 to 100 percent of the total mass of the ceramic.
Optionally, the outer surfaces of the sealing end and the arc structures on the two sides of the conductive flat tube support body are covered with compact functional layers;
the compact functional layer is an electrolyte layer or a connector.
Optionally, a fuel gas flow channel is arranged inside the conductive flat tube support body, and the fuel gas flow channel is used for flowing in and flowing out of fuel gas.
Optionally, the conductive flat tube support body is provided with through air holes, and the through air hole rate is 10% -40%;
the thickness of the conductive flat tube support body is 0.5 mm-3 mm;
the distance between the first plane and the second plane is 3mm-15 mm.
Optionally, the porous insulating layer is an electronically insulating porous ceramic material, the through porosity of the porous insulating layer is 10% to 40%, the electronic conductivity of the porous insulating layer is lower than 1%, and the thickness of the porous insulating layer is 10 μm to 200 μm;
the electronic insulation porous ceramic material is MgAl 2 O 4 MgO, doped zirconia, SrTiO 3 And SrZrO 3 One or more components of (a).
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell stack structure supported by a conductive flat tube with one sealed end, the stack structure comprising: and the cell stack structure is formed by two or more than two solid oxide fuel cells/electrolytic cells with one sealed end and one supported end.
Compared with the related art, the one-end-sealed ceramic flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell and the cell stack structure provided by the invention have the following advantages:
the invention provides a novel flat-tube SOFC structure, which is different from the traditional flat-tube SOFC structure, adopts a conductive flat tube as a support body, and battery packs consisting of a plurality of monocells connected in series are respectively distributed on two parallel first planes and second planes of the support body. The batteries are connected in series or in parallel through the support body. When the battery packs are in parallel connection, the support body also has the current collecting function, current generated in the battery packs is transmitted to the opening end through the support body, and low-temperature opening end current guiding is realized.
In addition, the one-end-sealed conductive flat tube provided by the invention supports the solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell and the cell stack structure thereof adopts the conductive flat tube as the support body, compared with a ceramic support body, the conductive flat tube as the support body has higher mechanical strength and higher start speed of the cell stack, and can collect cathode current in a series battery pack in a reducing atmosphere and conduct current at a low-temperature opening end, so that the aims of increasing the volumetric power density of the cell, enhancing the output performance of the cell and reducing the difficulty in current collection are fulfilled. In addition, the series structure of the plurality of single cells can realize low current and high voltage output, and reduce ohmic loss.
Furthermore, the solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell supported by the one-end-sealed conductive flat tube and the cell stack structure thereof have the self-sealing characteristic, reduce the sealing difficulty, can operate at high temperature, and effectively solve the problems of large polarization loss, poor long-term operation stability, low mechanical strength and the like in the solid oxide fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conductive flat tube support provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell structure with one sealed end and an electric conduction flat tube support according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic side view of another structure of a flat tube-supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer with one end sealed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell structure with one sealed end and an electric conduction flat tube support according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of another structure of a flat tube-supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer with one end sealed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell of one-end-sealed conductive flat tube support type according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell of an end-sealed conductive flat tube support type according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The specific experimental procedures or conditions are not indicated in the examples and can be performed according to the procedures or conditions of the conventional experimental procedures described in the prior art in this field. The reagents and other instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
The solid oxide fuel cell and the solid oxide electrolytic cell are a pair of energy conversion devices with the same structural style and the reverse working process, so the structure of the invention is also suitable for the structure of the solid oxide electrolytic cell.
In order to solve the problems of difficult current collection and low volume power density of the flat tube type solid oxide fuel cell, the invention provides the technical conception that: the flat tube support body is of a metal ceramic structure and has a conductive function, one end of the flat tube support body is open, and the other end of the flat tube support body is sealed; the two series battery packs are distributed on two planes of the flat pipe supporting bodies which are parallel to each other, and the battery packs are connected in series or in parallel through the supporting bodies with the conductive function. The invention utilizes two parallel planes of the flat tube support body to increase the arrangement amount of the battery, thereby improving the volume power of the battery. Based on the technical concept, the invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with one end sealed and a flat conductive tube supported and a cell stack structure, which comprises the following specific implementation contents:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a flat tube supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer structure with a sealed end and an electric conduction, comprising: the battery pack comprises a conductive flat tube support body, a porous insulating layer and a battery pack; the conductive flat tube support body consists of an opening end, a main body area and a sealing end; the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series through a connector, and the battery pack is distributed on a first plane and a second plane which are parallel to each other in a main body area to form a first plane battery pack and a second plane battery pack; the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in an axisymmetrical manner by using the axis of the conductive flat tube support body, or the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner by using the axis of the conductive flat tube support body; the conductive flat tube support body is used for transmitting current generated in a conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with one sealed end; the porous insulating layer is positioned between the conductive flat tube support body and the battery pack.
In specific implementation, fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a conductive flat tube support body provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the structure may be regarded as being composed of an open end, a main body region and a sealing end, where the open end is opposite to the sealing end, and the main body region is located between the open end and the sealing end. The opening end corresponds to an opening area of the support body of the conductive flat tube, the opening area refers to an area from the opening side of the support body to a first single cell, and an inlet, an outlet and a collector of the gas flow channel are located in the area (not shown in the figure); the two parallel surfaces of the main body area are covered with a porous insulating layer, a first planar battery pack and a second planar battery pack; the sealed end corresponds to a closed area of the support body of the conductive flat tube, and the closed area refers to an area from the tail of the last single cell in the battery pack to the closed side of the support body. In addition, the conductive flat tube support body has a conductive function and can transmit current generated in the battery/electrolytic cell, so that the first flat battery pack and the second flat battery pack can be connected in series or in parallel through the conductive flat tube support body without an external lead. After the anode bus layer of the first single cell in the first planar battery pack and the anode bus layer of the first single cell in the second planar battery pack extend, a current collecting pole positioned at the opening end is obtained, and the current collecting pole and the conductive flat tube supporting body are used for leading in and leading out current, so that the current is collected at the opening end (low temperature end), and the current generated by the conductive flat tube supporting type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell provided by the invention can be conducted and collected simply and easily.
During specific implementation, the porous insulating layer is located on two surfaces parallel to each other of the main body area of the conductive flat tube support body, and the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack further cover the surface of the porous insulating layer. The battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series through a connector and comprises a first plane battery pack and a second plane battery pack, and the first plane battery pack and the second plane battery pack can be arranged in an axisymmetric mode or a centrosymmetric mode through the axis of the conductive flat tube supporting body so as to realize the parallel connection or series connection of the first plane battery pack and the second plane battery pack. The battery pack formed by arranging the single battery units can effectively reduce the gaps among the batteries, increase the contact area between the batteries and the supporting body and achieve the purpose of increasing the power density of the batteries. The functional layers constituting the single cell include an anode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a cathode layer, and may further include an anode bus layer, an anode layer, an electrolyte layer, a cathode layer, and a cathode bus layer.
In the one-end-sealed conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell structure provided by the invention, the plurality of single cells are arranged on the two parallel surfaces of the flat tube support body with the conductive function, so that the volume power density of the cell is increased, the ohmic loss is reduced, the current output in a small current and high voltage mode is realized, and the problems of large polarization loss, difficult current collection, low cell output performance, poor long-term operation stability, low mechanical strength and the like in the solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell are effectively solved.
In some embodiments, when the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in axial symmetry with respect to the axis of the conductive flat tube support, the first planar battery pack is connected in parallel with the second planar battery pack, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected to the conductive flat tube support through the connector, and the cathode layer of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack is connected to the conductive flat tube support through the connector.
In specific implementation, when a first planar battery pack and a second planar battery pack can work in parallel, fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolysis cell with a sealed conductive flat tube at one end, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the arrangement of the first planar battery pack and the arrangement of the second planar battery pack are in an axisymmetric structure with an axis of a conductive flat tube support, a cathode layer of a last single cell in the first planar battery pack contacts with a connector, a cathode current in the first planar battery pack is conducted to the conductive flat tube support, then conducted to an opening end through the conductive flat tube support, and collected by means of an anode current collecting layer extending from the first single cell in the first planar battery pack. Similarly, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack is in contact with the connector, the cathode current in the second planar battery pack is conducted to the conductive flat tube support body, then conducted to the opening end through the conductive flat tube support body, and collected by the anode collector layer extending from the first single cell in the second planar battery pack. The support body is used as a common current transmission electrode, and the parallel connection of the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack can be realized.
In some embodiments, when the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in a central symmetry manner with respect to the axis of the conductive flat tube support, the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are connected in series, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected to the conductive flat tube support through the connector, and the anode layer of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack is connected to the conductive flat tube support through the connector.
In specific implementation, the first planar battery pack may also work in tandem with the second planar battery pack, fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of another end-sealed conductive flat tube supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolysis cell structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the conductive flat tube supports are arranged such that the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged to support a shaft of the shaft to be centrosymmetric, a cathode layer of a last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected and contacted with the conductive flat tube support through a connector, an anode layer of a last single cell in the second planar battery pack is also connected and contacted with the conductive flat tube support through a connector, thus, the conductive flat tube support (its sealed end) with conductive energy functions as a connector, a cathode current of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected to an anode of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack through the sealed end of the conductive flat tube support, the series connection of the first planar battery and the second planar battery is realized, and the current generated by the battery/electrolytic cell is conducted to the opening end for collection through the series connection of the first planar battery and the second planar battery, so that the flat tube battery has the characteristics of low current and high voltage output, the current transmission polarization loss is reduced, and the output power density and the output power of a single tube are easily improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to make the conductive flat tube support have a conductive function, the material of the conductive flat tube support includes ceramic, and the ceramic is composed of ceramic that can not be reduced by hydrogen and ceramic that can be reduced by hydrogen; wherein, the ceramics which can not be reduced by hydrogen comprise one or more of magnesia, magnesia-alumina spinel, mullite, panzeite and doped zirconia; the ceramic capable of being reduced by hydrogen comprises one or more of nickel oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide and copper oxide. And the mass ratio of the ceramic which can not be reduced by hydrogen to the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen is 4: 6-6: 4; when the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen is reduced to form metal, the metal content accounts for 25 to 100 percent of the total mass of the ceramic.
During specific implementation, reducing gas in a fuel gas flow channel of the conductive flat tube support body is reduced by the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen and forms the conductive flat tube support body, so that a metal simple substance is formed, the support body is changed into a material body compounded by the metal simple substance and the ceramic, and the flat tube support body has a conductive function due to the existence of the metal simple substance.
In some embodiments, in order to achieve the self-sealing effect of the one-end-sealed conductive flat tube-supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell on the structure, the leakage of the isolated gas is avoided, and when the electrode layer is prepared on the surface of the conductive flat tube support body, a compact functional layer is prepared on the outer surface of the sealed end and the outer surfaces of the arc structures on the two sides of the conductive flat tube support body, and the compact functional layer can be an electrolyte layer or a connector.
In specific implementation, fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell structure with a sealed conductive flat tube at one end, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, an electrolyte layer covers outer surfaces of a sealed end of the cell/electrolytic cell structure and arc structures at two sides of a conductive flat tube.
In specific implementation, fig. 5 is a schematic top view of another structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with a sealed conductive flat tube at one end thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, connectors are covered on the sealed ends of the cell/electrolytic cell structure and the outer surfaces of the arc structures at two sides of the conductive flat tube.
In some embodiments, a fuel gas channel is provided inside the conductive flat tube support body, and the fuel gas channel is used for the inflow and outflow of fuel gas.
In specific implementation, fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell supported by a conductive flat tube with one sealed end according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, a fuel gas flow channel is disposed inside the conductive flat tube.
In specific implementation, fig. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell supported by a conductive flat tube with one sealed end according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, a fuel gas flow channel is disposed inside the conductive flat tube. Unlike fig. 6, the outer surfaces of the both-side circular arc structures of the conductive flat tube of the battery/electrolytic cell structure shown in fig. 7 are covered with the interconnector material, and the outer surfaces of the both-side circular arc structures of the conductive flat tube of the battery/electrolytic cell structure shown in fig. 6 are covered with the electrolyte layer.
In specific implementation, the conductive flat tube support body is prepared by extrusion molding, in order to ensure that gas in the fuel gas flow channel can be smoothly transmitted to the electrode layer through the conductive flat tube support body to carry out electrochemical reaction, the conductive flat tube support body is provided with through air holes, the through air hole rate of the conductive flat tube support body needs to be controlled, and when the porosity is too low, the gas cannot normally flow, so that the performance of the battery is influenced; when the porosity is too large, the strength and the surface roughness of the support body of the conductive flat tube cannot be guaranteed, the service life and the performance of the battery cannot be better, and the through porosity of the support body of the conductive flat tube in the embodiment of the application is 10% -40%. In addition, the thickness of the conductive flat tube support body can be 0.5 mm-3 mm; the distance between the first plane and the second plane can be 3mm-15mm, and the structure of the one-end sealing conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell obtained in the way has excellent mechanical property and comprehensive power generation performance, and has volume advantage when a cell stack is integrated.
In some embodiments, the porous insulating layer is an electronically insulating porous ceramic material, the electronic conductivity of the porous insulating layer is less than 1%, and the thickness of the porous insulating layer is 10-200 μm, so as to ensure the insulation between the support body and the anode bus layer and the connecting body which are separated by the ceramic insulating layer in the battery pack; the through porosity of the porous insulating layer is 10-40% so as to ensure that the reducing atmosphere gas can be fully diffused to the anode layer.
The electronic insulating porous ceramic material is MgAl 2 O 4 MgO, doped zirconia, SrTiO 3 And SrZrO 3 One or more components of (a).
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell stack structure supported by a conductive flat tube with a sealed end, the stack structure comprising: and a cell stack structure consisting of two or more than two flat tube-supported solid oxide fuel cells/electrolytic cells with one sealed end of the first aspect.
In order to further understand the present invention, the structure of a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer and a cell stack of the present invention, which are supported by flat tubes with one end sealed, will be further described with reference to specific examples, wherein the electrolyzer and the fuel cell are reciprocal energy conversion devices and have the same functional layer distribution. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application are explained taking a fuel cell as an example.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, 4 and 6, a metal ceramic flat tube with a self-sealing end is prepared by extrusion molding and sintering, the thickness of the flat tube is 6mm, the length and width of the upper and lower parallel plane areas are 50cm and 8cm respectively, the first plane battery pack and the second plane battery pack are respectively formed by connecting 30 single cells in series, wherein the length of an anode is 60mm, the width of the anode is 10mm, and the interval between adjacent anodes is 2 mm; electrolyte width 10mm, adjacent electrolyte spacing 2mm, wherein along the length of the support the electrolyte uncovered anode is 1 mm; the contact area of the electrolyte and the insulating layer is 1mm wide, and the contact area of the connector and the cathode collector layer is 1mm wide.
The porosity of the support body is 35% by controlling the content of the pore-forming agent, the outer area of the semi-cylinder is compact electrolyte material (5YSZ), and the mass ratio of the materials forming the flat tube is 6:4 CSZ and NiO mixed powder. Preparing an insulating layer on the first plane and the second plane by wet spraying, wherein the insulating layer adopts CaO-stabilized ZrO 2 A ceramic material having a porosity of 40% for a region of the insulating layer surface covering the cell; and preparing a compact electrolyte material (5YSZ) on the rest part of the support body including the sealing end circular arc part and the circular arc parts at two sides. Respectively preparing an anode bus layer (NiO/3YSZ with the mass ratio of 6:4), an anode (NiO/ScSZ with the mass ratio of 6:4), an electrolyte (ScSZ) and a connector (La) of 30 single cells on the first plane insulating layer and the second plane insulating layer through screen printing in sequence 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ) Cathode (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 8YSZ, mass ratio 8:2) to cathode collector layer (La) 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ /Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 The mass ratio is 1: 1) and the last single cell connector of the first plane, the last single cell connector of the second plane and the support body are connected. The battery pack formed by connecting the first plane 30 single cells in series and the battery pack formed by connecting the second plane 30 single cells in series are in a parallel structure, and then are subjected to heat preservation at 1450 ℃ for 4 hours for co-firing molding.
Description of the drawings: fig. 2, 4 and 6 are only for structural reference, and do not limit the relevant numerical information in the embodiment of the present invention.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, a metal ceramic flat tube with a self-sealing end is prepared by extrusion molding and sintering, the thickness of the flat tube is 0.8cm, the length and width of the upper and lower parallel plane areas are respectively 30cm and 5cm, the first plane battery pack and the second plane battery pack are respectively formed by connecting 15 single cells in series, wherein the length of an anode is 60mm, the width is 10mm, and the interval between adjacent anodes is 2 mm; electrolyte width 10mm, adjacent electrolyte spacing 2mm, wherein along the length of the support the electrolyte uncovered anode is 1 mm; the contact area of the electrolyte and the insulating layer is 1mm wide, and the contact area of the connector and the cathode collector layer is 1mm wide.
The porosity of the support body is 40% by controlling the content of the pore-forming agent, the outer area of the semi-cylinder is compact electrolyte material (5YSZ), and the mass ratio of the materials forming the flat tube is 1: 1 of 3YSZ and NiO mixed powder. Preparing an insulating layer on the first plane and the second plane by wet spraying, wherein the insulating layer adopts CaO-stabilized ZrO 2 A ceramic material having a porosity of 40% for a region of the insulating layer surface covering the cell; and preparing a dense electrolyte material (5YSZ) on the rest part of the support body including a sealing end circular arc part and two side circular arc parts by adopting screen printing. Respectively preparing an anode bus layer (NiO/5YSZ with the mass ratio of 6:4), an anode (NiO/8YSZ with the mass ratio of 6:4), an electrolyte (8YSZ) and a connector (La) of 15 single cells on the first plane insulating layer and the second plane insulating layer through screen printing in sequence 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ) Cathode (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 8YSZ, and the mass ratio of 1: 1) and cathode collector layer (La) 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ /Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 And the mass ratio is 1: 1) and the last single cell connector of the first plane, the last single cell connector of the second plane and the support body are connected. The battery pack formed by connecting the first plane 15 single cells in series and the battery pack formed by connecting the second plane 15 single cells in series are in a series structure, and then the battery packs are subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at 1450 ℃ and are subjected to co-firing molding.
Description of the drawings: fig. 3, 4, and 6 are merely for structural reference, and do not limit the relevant numerical information in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 2, 5 and 7, a metal ceramic flat tube with a self-sealing end is prepared by extrusion molding and sintering, the thickness of the flat tube is 1.5cm, the length and width of the upper and lower parallel plane regions are 100cm and 10cm respectively, the first plane battery pack and the second plane battery pack are respectively formed by connecting 60 single cells in series, wherein the length of an anode is 60mm, the width is 10mm, and the interval between adjacent anodes is 2 mm; electrolyte width 10mm, adjacent electrolyte spacing 2mm, wherein along the length of the support the electrolyte uncovered anode is 1 mm; the contact area of the electrolyte and the insulating layer is 1mm wide, and the contact area of the connector and the cathode collector layer is 1mm wide.
The porosity of the support body is 40 percent by controlling the content of the pore-forming agent, and the compact connector material (La) is arranged in the outer area of the semi-cylinder 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ) The flat tube is made of FeCr powder. Preparing an insulating layer on the first plane and the second plane by spray forming, wherein the insulating layer mainly comprises 35 wt% of SrZrO 3 +Al 2 O 3 (Al 2 O 3 In an amount of SrZrO 3 3 mol%) for the region of the insulating layer surface covering the cell, the porosity was 40%; preparing a compact connector material (La) by screen printing on the rest part of the support body including a sealing end arc part and two side arc parts 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ). Respectively preparing anode bus layers (NiO/Sr) of 60 single cells on the first plane insulating layer and the second plane insulating layer through screen printing in sequence 0.7 La 0.3 TiO 3 Mass ratio of 7:3), anode (NiO/GDC, mass ratio of 6:4), electrolyte (GDC), and connector (La) 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ) Cathode (La) 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 8YSZ, and the mass ratio of 1: 1) and cathode collector layer (La) 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ /Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 The mass ratio is 1: 1) and the last single cell of the first plane and the last single cell of the second plane are connected with the supporting body. The battery pack formed by serially connecting the first plane 60 single cells and the battery pack formed by serially connecting the second plane 60 single cells are in a parallel structure, and then are subjected to heat preservation at 1450 ℃ for 4 hours for co-firing molding.
Description of the drawings: fig. 2, 5, and 7 are merely for structural reference, and do not limit the relevant numerical information in the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with a sealed conductive flat tube at one end and a cell stack structure, which are described in detail, wherein a specific example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An end-sealed flat conductive tube supported solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer structure, characterized in that it comprises: the battery pack comprises a conductive flat tube support body, a porous insulating layer and a battery pack;
the conductive flat tube support body consists of an open end, a main body area and a sealing end, wherein the open end is opposite to the sealing end, and the main body area is positioned between the open end and the sealing end;
the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series through a connecting body, and the battery pack is distributed on a first plane and a second plane which are parallel to each other in the main body area to form a first plane battery pack and a second plane battery pack; the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in an axisymmetrical manner by the axis of the conductive flat tube support body, or the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner by the axis of the conductive flat tube support body;
the conductive flat tube support body is used for transmitting current generated in the conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell with one sealed end;
the porous insulating layer is positioned between the conductive flat tube supporting body and the battery pack.
2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein when the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in axial symmetry about the axis of the flat conductive pipe support, the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are connected in parallel, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected to the flat conductive pipe support through the connector, and the cathode layer of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack is connected to the flat conductive pipe support through the connector.
3. The structure according to claim 1, wherein when the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are arranged in a central symmetry manner about the axis of the flat conductive pipe support, the first planar battery pack and the second planar battery pack are connected in series, the cathode layer of the last single cell in the first planar battery pack is connected to the flat conductive pipe support through the connector, and the anode layer of the last single cell in the second planar battery pack is connected to the flat conductive pipe support through the connector.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive flat tube support is prepared by extrusion molding.
5. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive flat tube support body comprises ceramic in the composition material, and the ceramic is composed of ceramic which can not be reduced by hydrogen and ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen;
wherein the ceramic which can not be reduced by hydrogen comprises one or more of magnesia, magnesia-alumina spinel, mullite, panzeite and doped zirconia;
the ceramic capable of being reduced by hydrogen comprises one or more of nickel oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide and copper oxide;
the mass ratio of the ceramic which can not be reduced by hydrogen to the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen is 4: 6-6: 4;
when the ceramic which can be reduced by hydrogen is reduced to form metal, the content of the metal accounts for 25 to 100 percent of the total mass of the ceramic.
6. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the outer surfaces of the sealing ends and the outer surfaces of the circular arc structures on the two sides of the conductive flat tube support body are covered with compact functional layers;
the compact functional layer is an electrolyte layer or a connector.
7. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a fuel gas flow passage for inflow and outflow of fuel gas is provided inside the conductive flat tube support body.
8. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the conductive flat tube support body has through-pores, and the through-porosity is 10% to 40%;
the thickness of the conductive flat tube support body is 0.5 mm-3 mm;
the distance between the first plane and the second plane is 3mm-15 mm.
9. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the porous insulating layer is an electronically insulating porous ceramic material, the porous insulating layer has a through porosity of 10 to 40%, the porous insulating layer has an electronic conductivity of less than 1%, and the porous insulating layer has a thickness of 10 to 200 μm;
the electronic insulation porous ceramic material is MgAl 2 O 4 MgO, doped zirconia, SrTiO 3 And SrZrO 3 One or more components of (a).
10. An electrically conductive flat tube support type solid oxide fuel cell stack structure with one end sealed, characterized in that the stack structure comprises: a stack structure of two or more solid oxide fuel cells/electrolyzers supported on one end by a sealed conductive flat tube according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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