CN114823254A - Ultra-wideband super-surface output window for gyrotron traveling wave tube - Google Patents

Ultra-wideband super-surface output window for gyrotron traveling wave tube Download PDF

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CN114823254A
CN114823254A CN202210430126.7A CN202210430126A CN114823254A CN 114823254 A CN114823254 A CN 114823254A CN 202210430126 A CN202210430126 A CN 202210430126A CN 114823254 A CN114823254 A CN 114823254A
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dielectric
output window
traveling wave
wave tube
window
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CN114823254B (en
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王丽
孙静雅
周康
乃桂森
罗勇
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband super-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube, and belongs to the field of millimeter waves and terahertz devices. The invention uses TE for the first time 32 The structure is a working mode of the gyrotron traveling wave tube and comprises a central medium disk and element surface matching layers loaded on two sides of the central medium disk. The invention optimizes the equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer by adjusting the thickness of the matching layer and the size of the cylindrical lattice, obtains the ideal matching dielectric constant similar to a three-layer window, thereby realizing matching and expanding the working bandwidth of the output window.

Description

Ultra-wideband super-surface output window for gyrotron traveling wave tube
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz devices, relates to an output device for a gyrotron traveling wave tube, in particular to a design of a metamaterial circular waveguide output window capable of obtaining an ideal dielectric constant by changing the size of a cylindrical lattice, and can be applied to 220GHZ and TE 32 The method lays a foundation for a gyrotron traveling wave tube in a working mode and a gyrotron traveling wave tube output system in a terahertz frequency band.
Background
Compared with the common traveling wave tube, the gyrotron traveling wave tube has the characteristic of high power; compared with the common klystron, the klystron has the characteristics of high power and wide frequency band. Studies have shown that their operating bandwidth and stability are often limited by the performance of the output windows, which are used to maintain ultra-high vacuum conditions and provide efficient channels for outputting high-power millimeter waves. Excessive reflection of the output window can cause oscillation of the operating and spurious modes if the bandwidth is not sufficient, thereby causing unstable operation of the system, and therefore an output window with low reflection over a wide frequency range is desired. At the same time, sufficient mechanical strength, low transmission losses and high thermal conductivity are also important to provide higher power dissipation capability for the output window.
The output window has several different types, such as single-layer window, multi-layer window, box-type window and super-surface window, and has respective application under different scenes. The single-layer output window has narrow bandwidth and good transmission performance, is easy to process, and is suitable for being applied to devices such as gyrotrons with narrow working bandwidths and the like; the multilayer output window can realize wider bandwidth, but the ideal equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer is difficult to find in nature, and the bandwidth broadening is limited, for example, the three-layer output window is composed of discs matched at the middle and two sides, and the material of the disc of the middle medium is beryllium oxide (epsilon) r 6.5), the ideal dielectric constant of the matching layer is s if the widest operating bandwidth is to be obtained r 2.55, however, no medium having such a dielectric constant exists in nature, and quartz (e) is selected r 3.4) such that the equivalent dielectric constants do not match and the bandwidth is reduced; although the box-shaped output window has a wide bandwidth, the power characteristics of the high-frequency structure are limited due to the small size of the high-frequency structure. In The prior art, The institute of Engineering and Technology discloses Millimetric-wave design and verification of a metal-surface dielectric window map of a polytetrafluoroethylene in Ka-and Q-band, in which The output window has a center frequency of 95GHZ, cubic lattices are provided on both sides of The window, and The super-surface output window has a reflection of less than-20 dB at 76 GHZ-109 GHZ.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband TE 32 A mode output window. By adjusting the loading in the centreThe size of the cylindrical lattice of the matching layer on the two sides of the disc realizes equivalent dielectric constant matching, so that the working bandwidth of the output window is obviously widened.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ultra-wideband super-surface output window for gyrotron traveling wave tube, which is used for 220GHZ and TE 32 A mode comprising: the dielectric window is characterized by comprising a dielectric disc and a plurality of cylindrical lattices arranged on two sides of the dielectric disc in an array mode, the cylindrical lattices are made of the same material as the dielectric disc, and the cylindrical lattices on the two sides of the dielectric disc are symmetrical to the dielectric disc.
Furthermore, all the cylindrical lattices have the same shape, the height is h, the radius is equal to r, the distance between adjacent lattices is g, and the thickness of the medium disc is t; high h ═ λ h /4+Nλ h And/2, the thickness of the intermediate medium disc is t ═ N lambda t /2, wherein λ h Is the wave guide wavelength, lambda, of the elementary surface equivalent dielectric layer t Is the waveguide wavelength of the intermediate dielectric disk, and N is an integer.
Further, the dielectric material is one of beryllium oxide, sapphire, diamond and boron nitride.
Furthermore, the dielectric window sheet material is beryllium oxide, and the equivalent dielectric constant of crystal lattices at two sides is
Figure BDA0003609878790000021
r＝0.13mm，g＝0.19mm，t＝0.22mm，h＝0.2mm。
According to the invention, by loading the cylindrical lattices on two sides of the circular waveguide, the dielectric constant of the matching layer is changed along with the change of the spacing between the lattices, the size of the lattices, the height of the lattices and the like, so that an ideal equivalent dielectric constant is obtained, the optimal matching of a three-layer window is realized, the bandwidth is obviously improved, and the low-reflection performance in an ultra-wide band is realized.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the 220GHZ gyrotron traveling wave tube output window obviously widens the bandwidth, and lays a foundation for researching the terahertz field, wherein the reflection is below-20 dB.
2. The 220GHZ gyrotron traveling wave tube output window can be processed by adopting a laser cutting technology or a computer numerical control engraving technology, the matching layer and the middle medium disc are integrated, and the problem that the window sheets are separated due to the welding problem of the multi-layer output window is solved, so that the bandwidth is reduced, ghost modes are possibly excited, and the problem that the gyro traveling wave tube is subjected to vacuum breakdown in a high pulse power state is solved.
3. The 220GHZ gyrotron traveling wave tube output window can obtain ideal matching equivalent dielectric constant by adjusting the thickness of the middle medium disc, the size of the crystal lattices of the matching layer, the interval between the crystal lattices and the thickness of the crystal lattices, and the method solves the problem that the bandwidth of the multilayer output window is narrowed because materials with ideal equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer cannot be found in nature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional single, double, or triple output window.
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a lateral cross-section of area 1/4 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a reflection coefficient result chart of the electromagnetic simulation software of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the transmission coefficients of the electromagnetic simulation software of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained below with reference to design examples and the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single-layer, double-layer and three-layer output window, wherein reference numeral 1 represents a circular waveguide, reference numeral 2 represents a dielectric window sheet, reference numeral 3 represents a matching layer dielectric window sheet, the thickness of the single-layer and double-layer window sheets is an integral multiple of half wavelength, the bandwidth is narrow, and the application is limited. The three-layer window is difficult to find a matching material with ideal equivalent dielectric constant in nature, and even if the bandwidth is improved relative to a single-layer output window and a double-layer output window, the requirement cannot be met.
Fig. 2 shows a transverse cross-sectional view of an ultra-wideband output window of 220GHZ according to the present invention, and it can be seen that the radius R of the output window of the present invention is 16mm, the radius R of the cylindrical lattice is 0.13mm, and the gap g between the lattices is 0.19mm, and the surface of the output window is no longer matched by a uniform medium, but is a small lattice, and thus, the purpose of changing the equivalent dielectric constant can be achieved, so as to achieve ideal matching and widen the bandwidth.
Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal cross-section of a 220GHZ ultra-wideband output window according to the invention, and it is evident that the relevant parameters of the output window according to the invention are shown, the thickness t of the middle dielectric disk is 0.22mm, and the height h of the crystal lattice is 0.2 mm.
FIG. 4 shows a reflection coefficient result graph simulated by electromagnetic simulation software, wherein the reflection coefficient S11< -20dB in 201-288.3 GHZ, the bandwidth reaches 87.3GHZ, and the ultra-wideband performance is realized; the simulation shows that the cubic lattice super-surface window has an internal reflection coefficient S11< -20dB at 198 GHZ-283 GHZ and a bandwidth of 85GHZ, and compared with the super-surface output window of a cylindrical lattice, the super-surface window has a wider bandwidth.
FIG. 5 shows a reflection coefficient result graph simulated by electromagnetic simulation software, wherein the transmission coefficient S21> -0.09dB in the range of 201 GHZ-283.3 GHZ has better transmission performance.
The center frequency is 50GHZ and TE obtained through experiments 11 The radius of a circular waveguide of the cylindrical lattice super surface output window of the mode is 16mm, the radius of the cylinder is 0.25mm, the interval between the cylinders is 0.5mm, the height of the cylinder is 1mm, and the thickness of an intermediate layer is 1mm, so that the internal reflection coefficient S11 of 45-55 GHZ is obtained<20dB, transmission coefficient S21>-0.07dB, bandwidth 10 GHZ;
center frequency of 50GHZ and TE 11 The cube lattice super surface output window of the mode has the radius of a circular waveguide of 16mm, the side length of a cube is 0.5mm, the space of the cube lattice is 0.5mm, the height of the cube lattice is 1mm, and the thickness of an intermediate layer is 1.05mm, so that the reflection coefficient S11 in 46.26-56 GHZ is obtained<20dB, transmission coefficient S21>-0.05dB, bandwidth about 10 GHZ;
through experiments, the performance of the cylindrical lattice is improved by multiple times than that of the cubic lattice in the frequency band of 220GHz, but in other frequency bands, the performance of the cylindrical lattice and the cubic lattice is equivalent to or even slightly weaker than that of the cubic lattice.

Claims (4)

1. An ultra-wideband super-surface output window for gyrotron traveling wave tube, which is used for 220GHZ and TE 32 A mode comprising: the dielectric window is characterized by comprising a dielectric disc and a plurality of cylindrical lattices arranged on two sides of the dielectric disc in an array mode, the cylindrical lattices are made of the same material as the dielectric disc, and the cylindrical lattices on the two sides of the dielectric disc are symmetrical to the dielectric disc.
2. The ultra-wideband super-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube according to claim 1, wherein all cylindrical lattices have the same shape, the height is h, the radius is equal to r, the distance between adjacent lattices is g, and the thickness of the dielectric disc is t; high h ═ λ h /4+Nλ h And/2, the thickness of the intermediate medium disc is t ═ N lambda t /2, wherein λ h Is the wave guide wavelength, lambda, of the elementary surface equivalent dielectric layer t Is the waveguide wavelength of the intermediate dielectric disk, and N is an integer.
3. The ultra-wideband super-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric material is one of beryllium oxide, sapphire, diamond, and boron nitride.
4. The ultra-wideband super-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dielectric window sheet material is beryllium oxide, and two-sided lattice equivalent dielectric constant is
Figure FDA0003609878780000011
55，r＝0.13mm，g＝0.19mm，t＝0.22mm，h＝0.2mm。
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WO2005017939A2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-02-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Ribbon-beam travelling wave amplifier with a single-sided slow-wave structure
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JP2013030377A (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Helix type traveling-wave tube and helix type traveling-wave tube manufacturing method
CN103367081A (en) * 2013-06-03 2013-10-23 电子科技大学 Wideband output window of convolution devices
CN203631481U (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-06-04 安徽华东光电技术研究所 Waveguide-box-shaped output window of ultra wideband travelling wave tube
CN105742140A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-07-06 电子科技大学 Method for reducing equivalent dielectric constant of dielectric material
WO2016153459A1 (en) * 2015-03-20 2016-09-29 AMI Research & Development, LLC Passive series-fed electronically steered dielectric travelling wave array
CN113193312A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-30 电子科技大学 Circular waveguide TE0nMode ultra-wideband output window structure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0826956B1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2005-07-27 GE Healthcare Finland Oy Detector arrangement for a spectroscopic analyser
JP2000011856A (en) * 1998-06-22 2000-01-14 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk Photoelectric surface and its manufacture
US6664734B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2003-12-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Traveling-wave tube with a slow-wave circuit on a photonic band gap crystal structures
US20050034813A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2005-02-17 Masahiro Sumiya Plasma processing apparatus using active matching
US20020190655A1 (en) * 2001-03-23 2002-12-19 Chiping Chen Vacuum electron device with a photonic bandgap structure and method of use thereof
JP2003264415A (en) * 2002-03-11 2003-09-19 Yazaki Corp On-vehicle communication system and layout method of on-vehicle antenna
JP2004200200A (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-15 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Electromagnetic wave amplifier and electromagnetic wave oscillator
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CN101609775A (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 中国科学院电子学研究所 Large-power broadband millimeter wave gyrotron surface-cooling sapphire output window
JP2013030377A (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Helix type traveling-wave tube and helix type traveling-wave tube manufacturing method
CN103367081A (en) * 2013-06-03 2013-10-23 电子科技大学 Wideband output window of convolution devices
CN203631481U (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-06-04 安徽华东光电技术研究所 Waveguide-box-shaped output window of ultra wideband travelling wave tube
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