CN114813109A - Test star-shaped gearbox for testing influence of machining error on performance and test method thereof - Google Patents
Test star-shaped gearbox for testing influence of machining error on performance and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114813109A CN114813109A CN202210493728.7A CN202210493728A CN114813109A CN 114813109 A CN114813109 A CN 114813109A CN 202210493728 A CN202210493728 A CN 202210493728A CN 114813109 A CN114813109 A CN 114813109A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a test star-shaped gear box for testing the influence of machining errors on performance and a test method thereof, wherein the test star-shaped gear box comprises a box body vibration test module, a tooth root stress test module and a tooth surface impression test module; the method comprises the steps of arranging acceleration sensors at key nodes of a box body of the star-shaped gear box, uniformly pasting strain gauges at tooth root positions in the width direction and the circumferential direction of teeth of the herringbone gears in the box body, brushing red lead powder and blue oil on gear teeth of a sun gear and a planet gear, respectively testing and collecting test data of modules when the gears with different machining errors are installed, and comprehensively analyzing influence mechanisms of the different machining errors on a transmission system. The invention can realize the test of various machining errors, systematically reflects the different influences of the machining errors on the performance of the star-shaped gear box, and further contributes to the evaluation and improvement of the performance of the star-shaped gear box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a gear box test device and a method.
Background
Compared with the traditional parallel shaft gear transmission, the herringbone star-shaped gear transmission system has the advantages of compact structure, large transmission ratio, high efficiency, strong bearing capacity and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, ships, aviation, metallurgy and the like. However, various errors are inevitably introduced in the processing process of gearbox parts, and the errors are applied to the complex structure of the herringbone star type gearbox, so that the vibration noise of the system is aggravated, the load distribution of each planet wheel is uneven, the overload and damage of partial components can be seriously caused, and the safety and the reliability of the whole mechanical system are influenced. Therefore, the testing of the response characteristics and the working performance of the star-shaped gearbox under different processing errors has important significance for the evaluation and the improvement of the performance of the star-shaped gearbox.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a star-shaped gear box for testing the performance influence of a machining error and a testing method thereof, wherein the star-shaped gear box can test the system performance under the excitation of errors such as a tooth pitch error, a tooth profile error, a spiral line error, gear mass unbalance, a pin shaft inclination error and a position error of a planet carrier, and simultaneously, sensors such as torque, acceleration, strain gauges and the like are assembled on a plurality of key parts to carry out real-time measurement so as to monitor the internal and external running states of the star-shaped gear box, and the performance characteristics of the star-shaped gear box under various machining errors are tested and obtained through respectively replacing test pieces with different machining errors.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a test star-shaped gear box for testing the influence of machining errors on performance, which is characterized in that: the gearbox comprises a gearbox body, a box body vibration testing module, a tooth root stress testing module and a tooth surface contact testing module, wherein the box body vibration testing module comprises an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is arranged at the bearing position of the input end and the bearing position of the output end of the gearbox body, the acceleration sensor is arranged at the flange position of a planet carrier in the gearbox body, which is connected with the gearbox body, and the acceleration sensor is arranged at the base position of the gearbox body; the tooth root stress testing module comprises a strain gauge and telemetering, wherein the strain gauge is arranged at the tooth root position of a gear in the gear box body and is connected with the telemetering through a lead; the tooth surface contact testing module comprises a sun wheel and a planet wheel in a gear box body, wherein the tooth surfaces of the sun wheel and the planet wheel are coated with red lead powder and blue oil.
The test star-shaped gearbox for testing the influence of the machining error on the performance can also comprise:
1. the strain gauges are uniformly distributed along the tooth width and the periphery of the gear, and the strain gauges on two sides of the herringbone gear are symmetrical.
The invention discloses a test method for testing the influence of machining errors on performance of a star-shaped gear box, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) polishing an input shaft and an output shaft of the gear box body, a flange fixedly connected with a planet carrier and a base flatly, adhering an acceleration sensor, and connecting a dynamic signal acquisition instrument;
(2) strain gauges are pasted at tooth root positions of the planetary gears along the tooth width and the circumferential direction, the strain gauges on two sides of the herringbone gear are symmetrically pasted, a lead is led out through an axis to be connected with the telemetering measurement, and the telemetering measurement is fixed at the shaft end and rotates together with the shaft; brushing red lead powder and blue oil on the tooth surfaces of the gears;
(3) independently starting the three-phase asynchronous motor and setting the rotating speed until the input rotating speed reaches the set rotating speed; starting the magnetic powder brake, and gradually lifting the magnetic powder brake through slope loading until the load at the tail end reaches the expected torque; turning off the motor after reducing the load of the powder brake;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of replacing gears with corresponding errors in sequence, carrying out starting test and recording test data, and aiming at the two errors, after carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on box body vibration, enabling side frequency bands with the distance of rotating frequency to exist on two sides of meshing frequency in a frequency spectrum diagram, further observing contact mark areas of various tooth surfaces, and enabling the contact mark areas of the gear teeth to show gentle changes when the gear quality is unbalanced; for the pitch error, the gear tooth impression area is changed too large or too small;
(5) the gears with corresponding errors are successively replaced, starting test is carried out, test data is recorded, the amplitude corresponding to the meshing frequency in a frequency spectrogram of box body vibration is larger than the amplitude when the errors are relatively small due to the two types of tooth surface errors, then distribution of tooth surface contact impressions is observed, for the gears with small tooth surface errors and high precision, the tooth surface contact impressions are intensively distributed in the middle of the tooth surface, and for the gears with large tooth surface errors, the contact impressions are increasingly deviated from the center and are concentrated on the local part of the tooth surface;
(6) sequentially replacing gears with corresponding errors, starting up for testing and recording test data, wherein the two errors are reflected on the loaded condition of each shunt, extracting and summarizing the root stress of the left side and the right side of each herringbone gear, and comparing the difference of the stresses of the left side and the right side of each herringbone gear to reflect the inclination error of the pin shaft of the planet carrier; the position error of the pin shaft is reflected by the distribution characteristics of the load in each stage of transmission links, and then the uniform load coefficient is adopted for representation:
in the formula, N is the number of the planet wheels.
The invention has the advantages that: the star gear transmission system is used as a complex mechanical elastic system, can show very complex nonlinear coupling vibration characteristics under the combined action of various internal and external excitations, and a single measurement is difficult to reflect the source of main error excitation, so that a test star gear capable of simultaneously measuring the influence of various machining errors on the system performance is designed, and the working method of the test star gear is explained.
Compared with the traditional test gear box which simply measures the vibration of the box body, the invention simultaneously carries out three-aspect comprehensive measurement, and can further analyze the uniform load characteristic of the system and the unbalance load characteristic of the tooth surface besides the vibration of the box body and the measurement of the root stress of the gear and the contact state of the tooth surface, thereby evaluating the influence of more various machining errors on the system.
The measurement results of three aspects of box body vibration, tooth root stress and tooth surface contact are combined, the vibration characteristic and the load balancing characteristic of a system and the meshing characteristic of each gear are comprehensively analyzed, and the machining error which most affects the performance of the star-shaped gear box can be more accurately analyzed under the multi-error coupling action.
Through the test gear box, the influence mechanism of different processing errors on the performance of the star gear box can be explored, the test gear box has important significance on theoretical research and engineering application of a star gear transmission system, and the test gear box provides help for evaluation and improvement of the working performance of the star gear box.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a star-shaped gearbox;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a box vibration testing module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tooth root stress testing module;
FIG. 5 is an analysis of a tooth surface contact patch.
In the figure, 1 — test chamber unit; 2-a drive unit; 3-a load cell; 4-a test unit; 11-gearbox housing; 12 — an input shaft; 13a — sun gear; 13 b-planet wheel; 14-a planet carrier; 15-a pin shaft; 16-sun gear; 17-an output shaft; 41 a-acceleration sensor; 41 b-a dynamic signal acquisition system; 42 a-strain gauge; 42 b-remote measurement, 43-upper computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings:
with reference to fig. 1-5, the test star-shaped gear box for testing the influence of the machining error on the performance provided by the invention comprises a box body vibration testing module, a tooth root stress testing module and a tooth surface impression testing module.
The invention discloses a test star-shaped gear box for testing the influence of machining errors on performance. The three-phase asynchronous motor is connected with the input end torque sensor through a flange coupler; the input end torque sensor is connected with an input shaft of the test box unit through a flange coupler; an output shaft of the test box unit is connected with an output end torque sensor through a flange coupler; the output end torque sensor is connected with the magnetic powder brake through a flange coupler; the three-phase asynchronous motor, the test box unit and the magnetic powder brake are connected with the platform base through foundation bolts.
The invention is used for testing the influence of machining errors on the performance of a test star-shaped gear box, and a box body vibration testing module 41: the device consists of an acceleration sensor 41a, a dynamic signal acquisition system 41b and an upper computer 43. Acceleration sensors are respectively arranged at the bearing positions of the input end and the output end of the box body, the box body flange position where the planet carrier is fixedly connected with the box body and the base position of the gear box body 31, vibration signals are received in real time through the dynamic signal acquisition system 41b and then displayed on the upper computer 43, and the vibration signals are subjected to post-processing analysis in the upper computer 43.
The invention is used for testing the influence of machining errors on the performance of a test star-shaped gear box, and a tooth root stress test module 42: consists of a strain gauge 42a, a telemeter 42b and an upper computer 43. Strain gauges 42a are arranged at the tooth root positions of the teeth of the herringbone gears, the specific distribution form of the strain gauges 42a is shown in fig. 4, the strain gauges 42a are uniformly distributed along the tooth width and the periphery of the gears, one strain gauge 42a is respectively adhered to each tooth on the left side and the right side of the herringbone gears, the strain gauges 43a on the two sides of the herringbone gears are symmetrically adhered, the adhered strain gauges 42a are connected with a lead, the lead is led out of the gear box body 31 through a hollow gear shaft and then connected with a telemetering sensor 42b, and after the test operation is finished, the data of the telemetering sensor 42b are led into an upper computer 43 for analysis.
The invention discloses a test star-shaped gear box for testing the influence of machining errors on performance, wherein a tooth surface contact test module 33: is composed of a sun wheel 33a and a plurality of planet wheels 33 b. Red powder and blue oil are coated on the tooth surfaces of the sun wheel 33a and each planet wheel 33b, contact patch characteristics of the tooth surfaces of each gear are observed after test running is finished, and corresponding contact accuracy and gear machining accuracy are analyzed as shown in fig. 5.
The invention discloses a method for testing the influence of machining errors on the performance of a star-shaped gear box, which comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the test elements of the case are arranged. Polishing and flattening the input shaft, the output shaft, a flange fixedly connected with a planet carrier, a base and the like of a gearbox body, and adhering acceleration sensors, wherein the specific adhesion positions of the acceleration sensors are shown in figure 3, and each acceleration sensor is connected to a dynamic signal acquisition instrument;
step two: a test element of the gear is arranged. Strain gauges are pasted on tooth root parts of the planetary gears along the tooth width and the circumferential direction, the strain gauges on two sides of the herringbone gears are symmetrically pasted, the specific pasting positions of the strain gauges are shown in figure 4, a lead is led out through an axis to be connected with the remote measurement, and the remote measurement is fixed at the shaft end and rotates together with the shaft; secondly, brushing red lead powder and blue oil on the tooth surfaces of the gears, and installing the box body of the gear box after finishing.
Step three: starting, stopping and running of a test: firstly, independently starting a three-phase asynchronous motor, setting a rotating speed through a frequency converter, observing the rotating speed measured by a torque sensor at an input end when a powder brake is unloaded at the moment until the input rotating speed reaches the set rotating speed and the system stably operates; starting the powder brake, gradually lifting the load of the powder brake through slope loading, and observing the load measured by the torque sensor at the output end until the load at the tail end reaches the expected torque and the system stably operates; and finally, gradually reducing the load of the powder brake to 0, and then closing the three-phase asynchronous motor.
Step four: reloading error test pieces-pitch error and gear mass unbalance: and sequentially replacing the sun gear 33a or the planet gear 33b containing the tooth pitch error and the gear mass unbalance, starting the test, actually measuring the output signals of the acceleration sensors through the upper computer 43, and telemetering 42b to extract stress data. Because the two errors are related to the rotation frequency of the gear, after the box body vibration signal is subjected to spectrum analysis, side frequency bands with the distance of the rotation frequency exist on two sides of the meshing frequency in a spectrogram, the change of the contact mark area of each tooth surface is further observed on the basis, and the gear tooth contact mark area is expressed as a gentle change according to different excitation characteristics when the two errors are meshed with the gear; for pitch errors, there will be a small number of teeth with too large or too small a footprint area variation.
Step five: changing and installing error test pieces-tooth profile error and spiral line error: the sun gear 33a or the planet gear 33b containing the tooth profile error and the spiral line error are replaced in sequence, the starting test is carried out, the output signals of all the acceleration sensors are actually measured through the upper computer 43, and the stress data are extracted through the telemetering measurement 42 b. Because these two kinds of errors belong to the tooth surface error that produces on the gear teeth of a gear, after carrying out spectral analysis to box vibration signal, contain these two kinds of tooth surface errors and make the amplitude that the meshing frequency in the spectrogram corresponds be greater than the amplitude when the error is relatively less, further observation gear surface contact patch's distribution position, for the tooth surface machining error is less, the gear that the precision is higher, its tooth surface contact patch generally represents the state in figure 5, the contact patch is more concentrated the distribution in the intermediate position of tooth surface, and for the gear that tooth profile error and helix error are great, its contact patch can more be off-center and concentrate in tooth surface part.
Step six: reloading error test pieces, namely, inclination error and position error of a pin shaft: the sun wheel 33a or the planet wheel 33b containing the inclination error and the position error of the pin shaft is replaced in sequence, the starting test is carried out, the output signals of the acceleration sensors are actually measured through the upper computer 43, and the stress data are extracted through the telemetering 42 b. The two errors mainly affect the load distribution of the planet wheel and the system, and are mainly reflected on the load condition of each branch. Tooth root stresses on the left side and the right side of each herringbone gear are extracted and collected, and the inclination error of the pin shaft of the planet carrier is reflected by comparing the difference of the stresses on the left side and the right side of the herringbone gear; the position error of the pin shaft is mainly reflected by the distribution characteristics of loads in all stages of transmission links, and is represented by a load-sharing coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the stress of each planet wheel to the average stress at a certain moment:
in the formula, N is the number of the planet wheels. If the load balancing coefficient of a certain path of meshing pair is smaller, the larger positive position error exists, namely the center distance is larger than that of other meshing pairs, and if the load balancing coefficient is larger, the larger negative position error exists, namely the center distance is smaller than that of other meshing pairs.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a test star type gear box for testing machining error is to performance influence, characterized by: the gearbox comprises a gearbox body, a box body vibration testing module, a tooth root stress testing module and a tooth surface contact testing module, wherein the box body vibration testing module comprises an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is arranged at the bearing position of the input end and the bearing position of the output end of the gearbox body, the acceleration sensor is arranged at the flange position of a planet carrier in the gearbox body, which is connected with the gearbox body, and the acceleration sensor is arranged at the base position of the gearbox body; the tooth root stress testing module comprises a strain gauge and telemetering, wherein the strain gauge is arranged at the tooth root position of a gear in the gear box body and is connected with the telemetering through a lead; the tooth surface contact testing module comprises a sun wheel and a planet wheel in a gear box body, wherein the tooth surfaces of the sun wheel and the planet wheel are coated with red lead powder and blue oil.
2. A test star gearbox for testing the effect of machining errors on performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the strain gauges are uniformly distributed along the tooth width and the periphery of the gear, and the strain gauges on two sides of the herringbone gear are symmetrical.
3. A test method of a test star-shaped gear box for testing the influence of machining errors on performance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) polishing an input shaft and an output shaft of the gear box body, a flange fixedly connected with a planet carrier and a base flatly, adhering an acceleration sensor, and connecting a dynamic signal acquisition instrument;
(2) strain gauges are pasted at tooth root positions of the planetary gears along the tooth width and the circumferential direction, the strain gauges on two sides of the herringbone gear are symmetrically pasted, a lead is led out through an axis to be connected with the telemetering measurement, and the telemetering measurement is fixed at the shaft end and rotates together with the shaft; brushing red lead powder and blue oil on the tooth surfaces of the gears;
(3) independently starting the three-phase asynchronous motor and setting the rotating speed until the input rotating speed reaches the set rotating speed; starting the magnetic powder brake, and gradually lifting the magnetic powder brake through slope loading until the load at the tail end reaches the expected torque; turning off the motor after reducing the load of the powder brake;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of replacing gears with corresponding errors in sequence, carrying out starting test and recording test data, and aiming at the two errors, after carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on box body vibration, enabling side frequency bands with the distance of rotating frequency to exist on two sides of meshing frequency in a frequency spectrum diagram, further observing contact mark areas of various tooth surfaces, and enabling the contact mark areas of the gear teeth to show gentle changes when the gear quality is unbalanced; for the pitch error, the gear tooth impression area is changed too large or too small;
(5) the gears with corresponding errors are successively replaced, starting test is carried out, test data is recorded, the amplitude corresponding to the meshing frequency in a frequency spectrogram of box body vibration is larger than the amplitude when the errors are relatively small due to the two types of tooth surface errors, then distribution of tooth surface contact impressions is observed, for the gears with small tooth surface errors and high precision, the tooth surface contact impressions are intensively distributed in the middle of the tooth surface, and for the gears with large tooth surface errors, the contact impressions are increasingly deviated from the center and are concentrated on the local part of the tooth surface;
(6) sequentially replacing gears with corresponding errors, starting up for testing and recording test data, wherein the two errors are reflected on the loaded condition of each shunt, extracting and summarizing the root stress of the left side and the right side of each herringbone gear, and comparing the difference of the stresses of the left side and the right side of each herringbone gear to reflect the inclination error of the pin shaft of the planet carrier; the position error of the pin shaft is reflected by the distribution characteristics of the load in each stage of transmission links, and then the uniform load coefficient is adopted for representation:
in the formula, N is the number of the planet wheels.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116718371A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-09-08 | 无锡金阳电机有限公司 | Star gear meshing transmission impression measuring system and method |
CN116990014A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 传麒科技(北京)股份有限公司 | Gear box performance test system |
CN117849620A (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-04-09 | 东莞市星火齿轮有限公司 | Electric performance test method and system for brushless motor module and memory |
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2022
- 2022-05-07 CN CN202210493728.7A patent/CN114813109A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116718371A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-09-08 | 无锡金阳电机有限公司 | Star gear meshing transmission impression measuring system and method |
CN116718371B (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-10-27 | 无锡金阳电机有限公司 | Star gear meshing transmission impression measuring system and method |
CN116990014A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 传麒科技(北京)股份有限公司 | Gear box performance test system |
CN116990014B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-22 | 传麒科技(北京)股份有限公司 | Gear box performance test system |
CN117849620A (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-04-09 | 东莞市星火齿轮有限公司 | Electric performance test method and system for brushless motor module and memory |
CN117849620B (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-05-14 | 东莞市星火齿轮有限公司 | Electric performance test method and system for brushless motor module and memory |
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