CN114811024A

CN114811024A - Automatic transmission

Info

Publication number: CN114811024A
Application number: CN202210518211.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向永川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-05-13
Filing date: 2022-05-13
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-13
Also published as: CN114811024B

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic gear transmission which comprises a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system. The method is characterized in that: the steel ball groove frame of the operating device is connected with a driving frame of the reverse acting device through a guide rod, the driving frame is elastically connected with a small support of a multi-plate friction clutch through a waist drum spring, the multi-plate friction clutch is composed of a small support, a steel friction plate, a large support and a friction plate, the small support is composed of an outer convex check ring, a cylinder seat, an inner convex sliding sleeve, an inner snap spring groove or an inner convex block, the left end of the cylinder seat is provided with the outer convex check ring, the outer circle of the cylinder seat is provided with an outer spline in sliding fit with the steel friction plate, the inner circle of the cylinder seat is provided with the inner convex sliding sleeve and is provided with a driven pressure spring seat, and the inner convex sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft of the reverse acting device in a sliding fit manner. The automatic gear transmission adopts a reverse action device, a multi-plate friction clutch and a bidirectional transmission clutch to cooperate for gear shifting, thereby achieving the effects of comfortable driving and electricity saving.

Description

Automatic transmission

Technical Field

The invention relates to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device in an electric vehicle driving system, in particular to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device assembled on a rear axle of an electric vehicle, which can be applied to middle drive of a two-wheel vehicle and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background

At present, the electric vehicle on the market is not generally provided with an automatic transmission, the torque is small, the current is large, the climbing, the speed increasing and the load bearing are realized by multiplying the current, and particularly, the electric vehicle needs to frequently climb in mountainous areas and hilly areas, consumes large electric quantity and greatly reduces the continuous mileage. The battery has short service life and is easy to burn out the motor and the controller. The existing manual gear shifting is also very inconvenient, the vehicle needs to be stopped and then the gear shifting is operated, and the transportation efficiency is low.

In the prior art, the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese utility model patent application (application No. 201520367985.1) includes a gear transmission system, a shift mechanism executing system and a power connection system, wherein the shift mechanism executing system includes a control device, a reverse action device and a shift switching device; the gear shifting switching device is characterized in that the driven frame is sleeved on the input shaft, the driven frame sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank of the guide rod, the guide rod is assembled with the moving combination body, and the moving combination body is combined with or separated from the rotating combination body to realize gear shifting and speed changing. When the moving combination body and the rotating combination body are combined or separated, the transmission impact is large, and the mass production cannot be realized.

The automatic gear transmission solves the problems that the prior art cannot solve the practical problems of comfortable driving of a driving axle of an electric vehicle and prolonged service life of a clutch in practical application, and mainly improves the manufacturing process of parts of the automatic gear transmission disclosed in Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202210089768.5) and reduces the production cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the automatic transmission solves the problems of serious gear shifting impact and low transmission efficiency in the application of rear axle drive in the prior automatic transmission technology. But rather a multi-plate friction clutch is employed to address the shift shock problem. The invention provides an automatic gear transmission which is applied to electric vehicle driving to improve the mechanical efficiency of vehicle transmission and ensure smooth gear shifting and comfortable driving.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

an automatic transmission comprising: the machine shell is packaged with engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the transmission switching system is composed of an operating device, a reverse action device, a multi-plate friction clutch and a bidirectional transmission clutch.

The steel ball slot frame of the operating device is connected with the driving frame of the reverse acting device through a guide rod, the driving frame of the reverse acting device is elastically connected with the small bracket of the multi-plate friction clutch through a waist drum spring, the small bracket is a driven frame of the reverse acting device, the multi-plate friction clutch is composed of a small support, a steel friction plate, a large support and the friction plate, wherein the small support is composed of an outward convex retaining ring, a cylinder seat, an inward convex sliding sleeve and an inner retaining spring groove or an inward convex block, the outward convex retaining ring is arranged at the left end of the cylinder seat, an external spline is arranged on the excircle of the cylinder seat in a sliding fit mode to assemble the steel friction plate, the inward convex sliding sleeve is arranged on the inner circle of the cylinder seat and assembled with a driven pressure spring seat, the inward convex sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft of a reverse action device in a sliding fit mode, the friction plate is assembled on the inner circle of the large support, a sleeve seat at the right end of the large support is assembled and fixed with a second-gear driving gear, and the steel friction plate and the friction plate are assembled alternately in a superposition mode.

The manipulating device is preferably a steel ball manipulating device, and the steel ball manipulating device comprises: the ball groove frame is provided with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat is provided with an inner rack which is assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, the right end of the sleeve seat is provided with a through hole which is assembled with a guide rod, the excircle of the sleeve seat is circumferentially distributed and provided with a plurality of steel ball grooves, the right end of the excircle of the ball groove frame is provided with a positioning claw, the positioning claw protrudes towards the right end, the positioning claws are in sliding fit with a plurality of positioning sliding blocks, the positioning sliding blocks and the inclined claws are circumferentially distributed on the inner circular surface of the inclined plane claw frame, the circular arc surface of the steel ball grooves is provided with openings, and V-shaped openings are formed among the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves; the steel ball groove is assembled with a corresponding inclined plane claw, a steel ball arranged in the steel ball groove is contacted with an inclined plane of the inclined plane claw, a notch of the steel ball groove is rightward, an inclined plane of the inclined plane claw is leftward, a convex claw is arranged at the right end of the inclined plane claw, the convex claw is assembled on a through hole of a left clamping plate of a reverse action device, a large loop end at the right side of a large tower spring is contacted with the left end surface of a steel ball groove frame, a small loop end at the left side of the large tower spring is contacted with a retaining ring, and the left end of the retaining ring is contacted with an outer clamping spring. Two large tower springs can be fixed through spring seat sheets, so that the inclination effect of the pressure of the large tower springs is reduced.

The middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small support is provided with four inward convex sliding sleeves, two ends of each inward convex sliding sleeve are respectively provided with an inner snap spring groove assembling spring seat snap spring, each spring seat snap spring is provided with four arc-shaped notches, the arc-shaped notches and sliding holes of the inward convex sliding sleeves are correspondingly assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse action device in a sliding fit mode, and the opening directions of the two spring seat snap springs are assembled in a reverse mode.

The middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small bracket can be provided with four inner convex sliding sleeves, an inner convex block is arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves to assemble the double-group spring seat, and the inner convex block is square and is assembled and fixed with a square through hole in the middle of the double-group spring seat; or two strip-shaped inner convex blocks are arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves to assemble the H-shaped double-group spring seat, and every two strip-shaped inner convex blocks are assembled and fixed with one H-shaped double-group spring seat. The method of clinch attachment may be used.

The driven compression spring seat is formed by combining two spring seat clamping springs or two double-group spring seats or three spring seat clamping springs. The assembly of the three spring seat clamp springs needs to be provided with a dynamic balance weight.

The reverse action device is a sliding shaft type external reverse device, the driving frame is provided with two groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats, an inner convex rack is arranged in the inner circle of a sleeve seat of the driving frame and is matched with a groove of the input shaft in a sliding manner, two square inner convex blocks of the small support are respectively assembled and fixed with two groups of spring seats, the driving frame is elastically connected with the small support through eight waist drum springs, and the left end face of an inner check ring at the right end of the large support and the right end face of an outer convex check ring of the small support form a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state for the steel friction plate and the friction plate.

In order to increase the torque transmission of the multi-plate friction clutch, three groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats are actively erected and three groups of spring seat clamp springs are assembled on a small support and are elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs, a retainer ring seat is fixed at the right end of a right clamping plate of a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state of a steel friction plate and the friction plate is formed between the left end surface of the retainer ring seat and the right end surface of an outward convex retainer ring of the small support, and a left clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reversing device is assembled in an inner circular space of the small support in a clearance fit mode. The right clamping plate and the retainer ring seat can be integrally formed.

And a rubber gasket is arranged between the small bracket of the reverse action device and the left clamping plate and assembled on the sliding shaft. The rubber gasket can be matched with a circular ring-shaped retainer ring arranged on the left clamping plate, and the left end of the inward convex sliding sleeve of the small bracket can also be assembled with a circular ring to slow down the impact of the small bracket when the multi-piece friction clutch is separated. Protecting the geometry of the parts. The rubber gasket has a large pressed area to ensure a long life.

The input shaft of the gear transmission system is sequentially provided with an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear, a retainer ring, an external clamp spring, a multi-plate friction clutch, a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball operating device, a large tower spring, a retainer ring, an external clamp spring and a bearing which are assembled through positioning, rotating and matching of a shaft step and the external clamp spring.

The operating device can also adopt a flyweight and crank operating device, the left end of a left clamping plate of the reverse actuating device is provided with a lug which is assembled with a crank through a pin shaft, and the left end of the crank is fixed with an arc flyweight. The flyweight crank throw is matched with the pressure spring to push the sliding sleeve, a through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank throw at the right end of the guide rod, the guide rod penetrates through the left clamping plate to be assembled with the through hole of the driving frame sleeve seat through the crank throw at the right end, the right end face of the sliding sleeve is contacted with the cambered surface claw on the right side of the crank throw, the left end face of the sliding sleeve is contacted with the right end of the pressure spring, the pressure spring is sleeved on the left side of the input shaft, the left end of the pressure spring is contacted with the retaining ring, and the retaining ring is contacted with the outer clamping spring. The lugs may be divided into three groups in a circumferential arrangement, with a corresponding three bell crank assembly.

The spindle-type external reversing device is characterized in that an active frame and a small support assembled by a control frame are elastically connected through a waist drum spring, the control frame is formed by assembling a right clamping plate and a left clamping plate through a sliding shaft, a shuttle-shaped spring seat of the active frame and a double-group spring seat and a spring seat clamping spring assembled by the small support can be formed by laser cutting and cold forming of a 65-manganese plate with the thickness of one point five millimeters, and heat treatment is performed after forming to ensure the service life.

The sliding shaft type external reversing device has the same principle as the well-known integrated linkage external reversing device.

The reverse acting device is a known technology, and can obtain completely feasible performance effect in a trial run experiment. The reverse operation apparatus is specifically described in the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese invention patent application (application No. 201210125541.8). An integrated linked inner reverse device is also known in the art, and is specifically described in the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese patent application (application No. 201510291975.9). The integral linkage outer reversing device can be known after the integral linkage inner reversing device is known, and only the stroke of the driven frame of the integral linkage inner reversing device is increased to be changed into the driving frame of the integral linkage outer reversing device and the stroke of the driving frame is reduced to be changed into the driven frame of the integral linkage outer reversing device. The small support in the application is the driven support in the reverse action device and is also the driven support of the integrated linkage external reverse device.

The bidirectional transmission clutch includes: outer pawl clutch and centrifugal clutch cooperation and a grade of driven gear assembly are on the driven shaft, and a grade of driven gear outer lane right-hand member face is equipped with the initiative ratchet of backing a car and centrifugal clutch meshing or separation, and centrifugal clutch includes: the ratchet disc is in sliding fit with the driven shaft through splines, a large convex ring and a conical ring are arranged on the left end face of the ratchet disc, driven reverse ratchets are arranged on the left end face of the large convex ring, the reverse driving ratchets are matched with the reverse driven ratchets, the left end face of the ratchet disc is further provided with an inner conical ring, the inner conical ring is in contact with the steel balls, the steel balls are assembled on an outer circular retaining ring and a right convex outer circular face of the circular disc, a plurality of retaining pieces are arranged on the outer circular retaining ring and the right convex outer circular face in a circumferential arrangement mode, a steel ball cavity is formed between every two retaining pieces, the circular disc is assembled with the driven shaft through the splines, a compressed tower spring is assembled on the right end face of the ratchet disc, the right end of the tower spring is a retaining ring, the right end of the retaining ring is an outer snap spring, and the left end of the circular disc is an outer snap spring. The prior art chinese invention patent application (application No. 202210089768.5) discloses a specific description of a bidirectional transmission clutch in an automatic transmission, which has the same structure as the bidirectional transmission clutch described in the present application.

The right end of the input shaft penetrates through the right half shell of the shell to be in transmission connection with the power motor, the left end of the input shaft penetrates through the left half shell to be assembled with a bearing at the bottom of the cylinder cover, the left end of the driven shaft extends out of the shell assembling chain wheel to output power through chain transmission or the driven shaft assembling bevel gear outputs power through shaft transmission, and the power transmission device can be applied to an electric motorcycle with automatic two-gear speed change. A shaft gear is machined in the middle of the driven shaft to form a small gear which is meshed with a large gear of a differential mechanism and can be assembled on a drive axle of the electric vehicle.

The invention discloses a technical improvement for finding new problems in a test run experiment, and mainly aims to improve the technology of an automatic gear transmission named as the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202011532751.X) and also aims to provide an automatic gear transmission disclosed by the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202210089768.5) which is a driving frame shuttle spring seat for operating a sliding shaft type linkage external reversing device by adopting a flyweight crank operating device. The application of the patent is further technical supplement, so that large-scale production and manufacturing are facilitated, the cost is reduced, and the manufacturing benefit is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the automatic gear transmission has the beneficial effects that:

1. the automatic transmission adopts the multi-plate friction clutch and the bidirectional transmission clutch to cooperate for gear shifting, and the outer pawl clutch is matched with the gear shifting when the vehicle moves forwards, so that the continuity and the reliability of power transmission are ensured, the phenomenon of deceleration and reverse pull is solved, the vehicle can slide during driving, the operation is convenient, and the electricity is saved.

2. The centrifugal clutch is adopted for reverse gear, the automatic clutch is determined by the speed regulated and controlled by the controller of the electric vehicle, the parts are few, the friction loss during running is small, the device is suitable for the practical situation of slow reverse speed of the electric vehicle, the mass production is convenient, and the economic benefit is obvious

3. The reverse action device is matched with the multi-plate friction clutch to realize gear shifting, so that transmission impact during gear shifting and speed changing is buffered, the range of the buffered rotation speed difference is large, and the service life of the electric vehicle is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overrunning shift actuator of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a ball slot frame.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a beveled claw holder.

Fig. 4 is an end left view of the reverse acting device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first structural mini-stent.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an active frame.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second configuration of a small stent.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a double-set spring seat.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the spring seat circlip.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the assembly of a dual set of waist drum spring reverse action and multi-plate friction clutches.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the assembly of three sets of drum spring reverse action and multi-plate friction clutches.

In the figure: 1. input shaft, 2, first-gear driven gear, 3, bidirectional transmission clutch, 4, driven shaft, 5, pinion, 6, second-gear driven gear, 7, reverse action device, 8, multi-plate friction clutch, 9, steel ball operating device, 10, steel ball, 11, cylinder cover, 12, big tower spring, 13, inclined plane claw frame, 14, guide rod, 15, big bracket, 16, left half shell, 17, second-gear driving gear, 18, first-gear driving gear, 19, steel ball groove frame, 20, through hole, 21, steel ball groove, 22, inclined plane claw, 23, small bracket, 24, sliding shaft, 25, waist drum spring, 26, positioning hole, 27, driving frame, 28, outer convex retainer ring, 29, cylinder seat, 30, inner convex block, 31, inner convex sliding sleeve, 32, double-group spring seat, 33, through hole, 34, compression spring seat, 35, inner convex block, 36, double-group spring seat, 37, square hole, 38, compression spring seat, 39, The spring seat clamping spring comprises a spring seat clamping spring body 40, a pressure spring seat 41, an outer clamping spring body 42, an outer clamping spring body 43, a right clamping plate body 44, a spring seat clamping spring body 45, a left clamping plate body 46, a rubber gasket 47, a friction plate 48, a steel friction plate 49, a groove 50, a shaft step 51, an inner convex ring 52, a spring seat clamping spring body 53, a convex lug 54 and a retainer ring seat.

Detailed Description

The details of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, fig. 1 is an embodiment of an overrunning shift actuator for an automatic transmission of the present invention. Including casing encapsulation machine oil, transmission switched systems and gear drive system, transmission switched systems includes: the steel ball operating device 9, the reverse acting device 7, the multi-plate friction clutch 8 and the bidirectional transmission clutch 3, a steel ball groove frame 19 of the steel ball operating device is connected with a driving frame 27 of the reverse acting device 7 through two guide rods 14, a steel friction plate 48 is assembled on the excircle of a small support 23 of the multi-plate friction clutch, an inner convex sliding sleeve 31 and a driven pressure spring seat are arranged on the inner circle of a cylinder seat 29 of the small support, the inner convex sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft 24 of the reverse acting device 7 in a sliding fit mode, the driven pressure spring seat is elastically connected with a driving frame pressure spring seat of the reverse acting device through a waist drum spring 25, a friction plate 47 is assembled on a large support 15 of the multi-plate inner friction clutch, the large support and a second-gear driving gear 17 are assembled and fixed, and the steel friction plate 48 and the friction plate are assembled in an alternate overlapping mode.

The steel ball manipulating device 9 includes: the device comprises a steel ball groove frame 19, a steel ball 10 and an inclined plane claw frame 13, wherein the steel ball groove frame is provided with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat is provided with an inner rack which is assembled on an input shaft 1 in a sliding fit manner, the right end of the sleeve seat is provided with a through hole 20 which is assembled with a guide rod 14, the outer circle of the sleeve seat is circumferentially provided with six steel ball grooves 21, the right end of the outer circle of the steel ball groove frame is provided with a positioning claw, the right end of the positioning claw protrudes out, the positioning claw is in sliding fit with a positioning slide block, the arc surface of each steel ball groove is provided with an opening, and a V-shaped opening is formed between the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves; the steel ball groove is assembled with the corresponding inclined plane claw, a steel ball 10 arranged in the steel ball groove is in inclined plane contact with the inclined plane claw 22, the notch of the steel ball groove 21 is towards the right, the inclined plane of the inclined plane claw 22 is towards the left, the right end of the inclined plane claw is provided with a convex claw, the convex claw is assembled on a positioning hole 26 of a left clamping plate 45 of the reverse action device, the large ring end on the right side of the large tower spring 12 is in contact with the left end face of the steel ball groove frame, the small ring end on the left side of the large tower spring is in contact with a check ring, the left end of the check ring is in contact with an outer clamp spring, and the steel ball groove frame can axially reciprocate relative to the inclined plane claw frame.

The multi-plate friction clutch 7 includes: little support 23, steel friction disc 48, big support 15, friction disc 47, little support can assemble the spring housing jump ring, and little support includes: the left end of the cylinder seat is provided with the outward convex retainer ring, the excircle of the cylinder seat is provided with an external spline sliding fit assembled steel friction plate 48, the middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat is provided with four inward convex sliding sleeves, the inner spring groove at the left end of the inward convex sliding sleeve is provided with a spring seat clamp spring 39, the inner spring groove at the right end of the inward convex sliding sleeve is provided with a spring seat clamp spring 44, the spring seat clamp spring 39 is assembled in the inner spring groove at the left side, the spring seat clamp spring 39 is provided with four circular arc notches and four pressure spring seats 40 for assembling four waist drum springs, the circular arc notches and sliding holes of the inward convex sliding sleeves are assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse action device in a corresponding sliding fit mode, and openings of the spring seat clamp springs 39 and the spring seat clamp spring 44 are assembled in a reverse mode.

The little support can also assemble two groups spring seat, and little support includes: the spring pressing device comprises an outer convex check ring, a cylinder seat, an inner convex sliding sleeve 31 and inner convex blocks, wherein four inner convex sliding sleeves are arranged in the middle of the inner circle of the cylinder seat, an inner convex block 35 is arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves and used for assembling a double-group spring seat 36, the inner convex block 35 is square and matched with a square through hole 37 in the middle of the double-group spring seat 36 and can be fixed through pressure riveting, a pressure spring seat at the left end of the two double-group spring seats 36 is elastically connected with a shuttle-shaped pressure spring seat at the left end of a driving frame through four waist drum springs, and a pressure spring seat 38 at the right end of the two double-group spring seats is elastically connected with a pressure spring seat 34 at the right end of the driving frame 27 through four waist drum springs. Four inward convex sliding sleeves of the small bracket are respectively assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse action device in a sliding fit manner,

the reverse action device can be made into a sliding shaft type external reverse device, an active frame 27 assembled by a control frame and a small support 23 are elastically connected through a waist drum spring 25, the control frame is formed by assembling a right clamping plate 43 and a left clamping plate 45 through a sliding shaft, a sliding sleeve seat of the active frame 27 is provided with two through holes 33 and is assembled with a crank at the right end of two guide rods, a fusiform pressure spring seat fixed at two ends of the sliding sleeve seat of the active frame and a double-group spring seat and a spring seat snap spring assembled by the small support can be formed by laser cutting and cold working through 65 manganese plates with the thickness of one point five millimeters, and heat treatment is carried out after forming to ensure the service life.

In order to facilitate large-scale production, a small support of a multi-plate friction clutch of a low-power automatic transmission is assembled with two double-group spring seats, a reverse action device adopts a sliding shaft type external reverse device, two groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats are actively erected, two long-strip-shaped inner convex blocks 30 of the small support are respectively assembled and fixed with an I-shaped double-group spring seat 32, the active support and the small support are elastically connected through eight waist drum springs, and a clamping state or a releasing state of a steel friction plate and a friction plate is formed between the left end face of an inner convex ring 51 at the right end of the large support and the right end face of an outer convex ring of the small support. The sliding shaft type external reversing device has the same principle as the well-known integrated linkage external reversing device.

In order to increase the torque transmission of the multi-plate friction clutch, three groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats are actively erected and three groups of spring seat clamp springs are assembled on a small support and are elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs 25, a retainer ring seat 54 is fixed at the right end of a right clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reversing device, and a clamping state or a loosening state of a steel friction plate 48 and a friction plate 47 is formed between the left end surface of the retainer ring seat and the right end surface of an external convex ring of the small support. The small stent is controlled in its round trip using a retainer seat and a rubber washer 46. In the small support in fig. 11, a spring seat clamping spring 39 is assembled on the left side of the inner circle of the cylindrical seat of the small support, a spring seat clamping spring 44 is assembled in the middle of the inner circle of the cylindrical seat, and a spring seat clamping spring 52 is assembled on the right side of the inner circle of the cylindrical seat.

An input shaft 1 in the gear transmission system is sequentially provided with an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear 17 which is positioned, rotated, matched and assembled through a shaft step 50 and an external clamp spring 41, a retainer ring, the external clamp spring 41, a multi-plate friction clutch 8, a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball operating device, a large tower spring 12, a retainer ring, an external clamp spring and a bearing from right to left, the input shaft is provided with four grooves 49 which are matched with a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod 14 and a steel ball operating device 9, an external spline is arranged at the cylindrical part at the left end of a second-gear driving gear and is fixedly assembled with a sleeve seat at the right end of a large support 15 through an external snap spring 42, a first-gear driving gear 18 is a shaft gear processed by the input shaft, a first-gear driving gear and a second-gear driving gear 17 are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear 2 and a second-gear driven gear 6 assembled on a driven shaft 4, and the first-gear driven gear is assembled with a bidirectional transmission clutch 3. The right end of the input shaft penetrates through the right half shell of the machine shell to be in transmission connection with the power motor, the left end of the input shaft penetrates through the left half shell 16 to be assembled with a bearing at the bottom of the cylinder cover 11, the left end of the driven shaft extends out of the machine shell assembly chain wheel to output power through chain transmission or the driven shaft assembly bevel gear outputs power through shaft transmission, and the power transmission device can be applied to an electric motorcycle with automatic two-gear speed change. A shaft gear is machined in the middle of a driven shaft to form a small gear 5 which is meshed with a large gear of a differential mechanism, and the small gear can be assembled on a drive axle of an electric vehicle.

The speed change principle and the operation process of the automatic gear transmission are as follows:

an embodiment of an automatic transmission override shift actuator is illustrated in fig. 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. The automatic transmission gear shifting device belongs to automatic gear shifting of rotating speed, and adopts a steel ball operating device 9 to operate a driving frame 27 shuttle-shaped spring seat of a sliding shaft type external reversing device 7, a small support spring seat snap spring of the sliding shaft type external reversing device, wherein the driving frame and the small support are elastically connected through eight waist drum springs, a control frame of the sliding shaft type external reversing device is positioned and assembled on an input shaft through an outer retainer ring, and the reciprocating action of the small support realizes the transmission gear shifting through a multi-piece friction clutch 8.

When the vehicle starts in the forward direction and runs at a low speed, the steel ball control device 9 is in an initial state, the left end of the second-gear driving gear 17 is in a separation state through the multi-plate friction clutch 8 assembled by the large support, and first-gear transmission is realized through the bidirectional transmission clutch assembled by the first-gear driven gear 2. When the vehicle moves forwards and accelerates to obtain high-speed running, the centrifugal clutch 3 is in a separated state due to the centrifugal force action of the small steel balls, the steel ball operating device 9 operates the sliding shaft type external reversing device 7 to generate reverse action along with the improvement of the vehicle speed, the multi-plate friction clutch 8 is combined to enable two-gear transmission, the two-gear transmission enables the vehicle to accelerate, the external pawl clutch achieves overrunning separation, in a high-speed section of the vehicle running, the pawls are separated from the ratchet wheel due to the centrifugal force action and are not in contact with the ratchet wheel, the power loss of the bidirectional transmission clutch is reduced to the minimum, and the effect of saving electricity is achieved.

When the vehicle needs to decelerate or stop when moving forward, the running speed of the vehicle is changed from high speed to low speed, the steel ball control device returns to a low-speed control state under the action of a large tower spring, the driving frame of the sliding shaft type external reversing device moves rightwards, the spring seat snap spring is pushed leftwards by the eight waist drum springs, so that the small support moves leftwards to realize second-gear separation, first-gear transmission is realized by the external pawl clutch assembled by the first-gear driven gear 2, and the first-gear running state can also realize deceleration and stop. When the vehicle speed is reduced to a slow speed state, the centrifugal clutch is in a combined state under the action of a small tower spring. When the vehicle needs to be backed, the motor rotates reversely to limit the vehicle speed by the controller, and the centrifugal clutch realizes the backing transmission. The speed of backing is limited to make the second gear always in a separated state, so that backing can be smoothly carried out.

The second gear shown in fig. 1 is in a disengaged state, which illustrates that the automatic transmission is in a low-speed operating state or a parking state, and the low-speed operating state can be a reverse state or a first-gear forward state. The automatic transmission of the present invention is very simple to operate! When the driving resistance of the vehicle is reduced, the speed of the vehicle is accelerated, and the vehicle runs at an accelerated speed, the rotating speed of the motor is increased, and the steel ball operates the sliding shaft type external reversing device to generate a reversing action to realize automatic meshing of the second gear so as to realize high-speed running. When the resistance of the running is increased or the operation is decelerated, the steel ball operated sliding shaft type external reversing device of the automatic transmission generates a reversing action by the return action of the large tower spring to realize the automatic separation of the second gear and return to the first gear for large torque driving, and the automatic transmission can also be decelerated and stopped. Therefore, the forward automatic second gear transmission of the automatic gear transmission is realized repeatedly.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and for example, a driven shaft equipped bevel gear drive hub is applied to a two-wheel electric motorcycle, and for example, a multiplate friction clutch may employ three sets of shuttle springs and three sets of spring seat circlips elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs to increase the transmission torque. Many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention without departing from its spirit. These are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An automatic transmission comprising: the machine shell encapsulates engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the transmission switching system consists of a control device, a reverse action device, a multi-plate friction clutch and a bidirectional transmission clutch;

the method is characterized in that: the steel ball slot frame of the operating device is connected with the driving frame of the reverse acting device through a guide rod, the driving frame of the reverse acting device is elastically connected with the small bracket of the multi-plate friction clutch through a waist drum spring, the small bracket is a driven frame of the reverse acting device, the multi-plate friction clutch is composed of a small support, a steel friction plate, a large support and the friction plate, wherein the small support is composed of an outward protruding check ring, a cylinder seat, an inward protruding sliding sleeve and an inward snap spring groove or an inward protruding block, the outward protruding check ring is arranged at the left end of the cylinder seat, the steel friction plate is assembled on the outer circle of the cylinder seat in a sliding fit mode through an external spline, the inward protruding sliding sleeve is arranged in the cylinder seat and is assembled with a driven pressure spring seat in a sliding fit mode, the inward protruding sliding sleeve is assembled on a sliding shaft of the reverse action device in a sliding fit mode, the friction plate is assembled on the inner circle of the large support, the sleeve seat at the right end of the large support is assembled and fixed with a second-gear driving gear, and the steel friction plate and the friction plate are assembled in an overlapped mode.

2. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the small support is provided with four inward convex sliding sleeves, two ends of each inward convex sliding sleeve are respectively provided with an inner snap spring groove assembling spring seat snap spring, each spring seat snap spring is provided with four arc-shaped notches, the arc-shaped notches and sliding holes of the inward convex sliding sleeves are correspondingly assembled on four sliding shafts of the reverse action device in a sliding fit mode, and the opening directions of the two spring seat snap springs are assembled in a reverse mode.

3. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: four inward convex sliding sleeves are arranged in the middle of the inner circle of the cylindrical seat of the small support, an inner convex block assembled double-group spring seat is arranged between every two inward convex sliding sleeves, and the inner convex block is square and is assembled and fixed with a square through hole in the middle of the double-group spring seat; or two strip-shaped inner convex blocks are arranged between every two inner convex sliding sleeves to assemble the H-shaped double-group spring seat, and every two strip-shaped inner convex blocks are assembled and fixed with one H-shaped double-group spring seat.

4. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the driven compression spring seat is formed by combining two spring seat clamping springs or two double-group spring seats or three spring seat clamping springs.

5. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the reverse action device is a sliding shaft type external reverse device, the driving frame is provided with two groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats, an inner convex rack is arranged in the inner circle of a sleeve seat of the driving frame and is matched with a groove of the input shaft in a sliding manner, two square inner convex blocks of the small support are respectively assembled and fixed with two groups of spring seats, the driving frame is elastically connected with the small support through eight waist drum springs, and the left end face of an inner check ring at the right end of the large support and the right end face of an outer convex check ring of the small support form a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state for the steel friction plate and the friction plate.

6. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the active frame is provided with three groups of shuttle-shaped spring seats and a small support assembly, three groups of spring seat clamp springs are elastically connected through twelve waist drum springs, the right end of a right clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reverser is fixedly provided with a retainer ring seat, the left end surface of the retainer ring seat and the right end surface of an outward convex retainer ring of the small support form a clamping combination state or a loosening separation state for a steel friction plate and the friction plate, and the left clamping plate of the sliding shaft type external reverser is assembled in an inner circular space of the small support in a clearance fit mode.

7. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the input shaft of the gear transmission system is sequentially provided with an external spline, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear, a multi-plate friction clutch, a sliding shaft type external reversing device, a guide rod, a steel ball operating device, a large tower spring, a check ring, an external snap spring and a bearing from right to left, wherein the second-gear driving gear is assembled through positioning, rotating and matching of a shaft step and the external snap spring, the input shaft is provided with four grooves, the left end cylindrical part of the second-gear driving gear is provided with the external spline and is assembled and fixed with a sleeve seat at the right end of a large support through the external snap spring, the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear processed by the input shaft, the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear and a second-gear driven gear assembled on a driven shaft, and the first-gear is assembled with a two-way transmission clutch.

8. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: and a rubber gasket is arranged between the small bracket of the reverse action device and the left clamping plate and assembled on the sliding shaft.

9. The automatic transmission of claim 8, wherein: the driving frame of the reverse action device is connected with a sliding sleeve of the flyweight crank operating device through a guide rod, a lug is arranged at the left end of a left clamping plate of the reverse action device and assembled with the crank through a pin shaft, and the arc flyweight is fixed at the left end of the crank.