CN114808575B - Track smoothness detection system and method based on scanning laser - Google Patents

Track smoothness detection system and method based on scanning laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114808575B
CN114808575B CN202210293186.9A CN202210293186A CN114808575B CN 114808575 B CN114808575 B CN 114808575B CN 202210293186 A CN202210293186 A CN 202210293186A CN 114808575 B CN114808575 B CN 114808575B
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receiving target
track
rail
scanning device
laser scanning
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CN114808575A (en
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徐治
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Beijing Xuanyuan Electromechanical Co ltd
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Beijing Xuanyuan Electromechanical Co ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/06—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring irregularities in longitudinal direction
    • E01B35/08—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring irregularities in longitudinal direction for levelling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/02—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for spacing, for cross levelling; for laying-out curves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a track smoothness detection system and a track smoothness detection method based on scanning laser, wherein the system comprises a rotatable laser scanning device, a receiving target and data processing equipment; the receiving target comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor; the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned by taking a set shaft as a center to form a scanning plane; in the initial detection, the receiving target and/or the rotatable laser scanning device can move so as to determine a datum point of smoothness detection; the photoelectric position sensor is used for receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals; the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point. The invention realizes high-precision measurement, simultaneously avoids the problems of difficult string establishment and complicated operation when the laser string method detects the track flatness, and has simple operation, high detection precision and high efficiency.

Description

Track smoothness detection system and method based on scanning laser
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway track detection and maintenance, in particular to a track smoothness detection system and method based on scanning laser.
Background
In the actual running of the railway, if the performance of the vehicle, the line and the communication management are all complete, the smooth state of the track becomes an important factor for restricting the running speed and the running stability of the vehicle. While maintaining a smooth track requires consideration from several points of view: firstly, the construction of the track should keep high standard, and the aspects of line, track construction and the like should meet the requirement of high quality; secondly, adopting qualified materials and standard processes to ensure the stability of track construction and use and ensure the service life; and finally, establishing a scientific maintenance and repair mechanism, and preparing a strict track management system and standard, and timely finding out and timely solving the problems. The first two factors are directly related to design construction, while the third point involves management and maintenance. It can be seen that the track smoothness detection and maintenance are important for the running stability of the vehicle.
At present, a hierarchical management mode is adopted for railway track detection and analysis in China, and a large comprehensive detection vehicle is adopted for carrying out quarternary inspection and retesting on the track by a road-bureau hierarchy, so that the running speed is high, the detection index is comprehensive, the structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the size is huge. The comprehensive detection vehicle integrates the advantages of various detection vehicles, the detection items comprise measurement and analysis of a plurality of detection items such as track gauge, track direction, level, height, curvature, torsion triangle pits, vehicle body vibration acceleration, axial vibration acceleration, abrasion, section, rail flaw detection and the like, and valuable charts are output to provide accurate basis for maintenance work.
The work section and the work area are responsible for daily line equipment detection and line maintenance. The maintenance skylight is mainly suitable for conventional construction operation and maintenance, and most of adopted track detection equipment is a trolley and a portable instrument. Mature rail detection trolleys used at home and abroad adopt various sensor and signal processing technologies to detect multiple geometric state parameters of double-side rails or single-side rails, and guarantee is provided for guiding reasonable construction and accurate maintenance operation.
Track detection is generally performed in the following ways in the prior art: 1, a chord measurement method needs to manually look at a road and correct measurement errors, so that accuracy is poor; 2, the smoothness measurement trolley based on inertial measurement is only suitable for dynamic measurement, and the track shifting quantity is finally determined by manual pull wires, so that the problems of limited application range and complex operation exist; 3, an instrument based on a laser collimation chord measurement method has the problem of large data error if manual reading is adopted; if machine identification is adopted for reading, the problems that the establishment of a laser collimation string is difficult, the smoothness detection result is difficult to accurately obtain, the measurement of single-rail parameters can be realized, the application range is small and the like exist. In summary, the existing track smoothness detection mode has the problems of low detection accuracy, complex operation, poor flexibility and small application range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a track smoothness detection system and method based on scanning laser, which are used for solving the defects of low detection accuracy, complex operation, poor flexibility and small application range in the prior art, realizing convenient and accurate detection of track smoothness and being applicable to double-track detection scenes.
The invention provides a track smoothness detection system based on scanning laser, which comprises a rotatable laser scanning device, a receiving target and data processing equipment, wherein the receiving target is arranged on the rotatable laser scanning device;
the rotatable laser scanning device is arranged on any side of a steel rail in a track in a mounting strategy corresponding to a smoothness detection mode, the receiving target is arranged on the steel rail to be tested in the track in the mounting strategy, and the receiving target and the data processing equipment are in communication connection;
the receiving target comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor face the transmitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device;
the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned by taking a set shaft as a center to form a scanning plane;
in the initial detection, the receiving target and/or the rotatable laser scanning device move under the action of external force, so that the receiving target is in a preset area, and under the condition that a photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is received, the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a datum point for smoothness detection;
The photoelectric sensor is used for receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane, and the position sensor is used for calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals;
the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point.
According to the track flatness detection system based on the scanning laser, the receiving target further comprises a moving device;
the mobile device is positioned at the bottom of the receiving target;
the moving device is used for driving the receiving target to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force;
the receiving target is specifically used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be detected;
the data processing equipment is specifically used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected within the preset distance according to the positions of the scanning planes and the datum points at different positions of the steel rail to be detected.
According to the track smoothness detection system based on the scanning laser, when the steel rail to be detected is a single-side steel rail and the smoothness detection result comprises a high-low smoothness detection result, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are vertically arranged on the steel rail to be detected, and the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced from the receiving target by a preset interval;
The rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are used for rotating and scanning in the relative horizontal direction of the track or the direction parallel to the slope of the track by taking a set axis as the center to form a scanning plane.
According to the track smoothness detection system based on the scanning laser, when the steel rail to be detected is a single-side steel rail, and the smoothness detection result comprises a track direction smoothness detection result, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are horizontally arranged on the steel rail to be detected, and the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced from the receiving target by a preset interval;
the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are used for rotating and scanning in the relative vertical direction of the track by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane.
According to the track smoothness detection system based on the scanning laser, when the steel rail to be detected is a double-sided steel rail and the smoothness detection result comprises a horizontal smoothness detection result, the receiving targets comprise a first receiving target and a second receiving target;
The rotatable laser scanning device and the second receiving target are vertically arranged on the steel rail to be tested at any side, and the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced from the second receiving target by a preset interval;
the first receiving target is vertically arranged on the steel rail to be tested on the other side;
the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned in the relative horizontal direction of the track or in the direction parallel to the slope of the track by taking a set shaft as the center to form a scanning plane;
the second receiving target is used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane in the second receiving target on the steel rail to be tested on any side;
the first receiving target is used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the other side of the steel rail to be detected in the first receiving target;
the data processing equipment is specifically used for acquiring a horizontal smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning plane in the first receiving target and the second receiving target and the datum point;
wherein the calibration points and the calibration patterns of the first receiving target and the second receiving target, and the relative mounting positions on the track are consistent.
According to the track smoothness detection system based on the scanning laser provided by the invention, when the steel rail to be detected is a double-sided steel rail and the smoothness detection result comprises a distortion smoothness detection result, the data processing equipment is used for obtaining the distortion smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to a first height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two different positions on the steel rail to be detected at any one side and a second height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at the relative positions of any two different positions on the steel rail to be detected at the other side.
According to the track flatness detection system based on the scanning laser, the bottom of the rotatable laser scanning device is provided with the adjusting platform;
the adjusting platform is used for monitoring the inclination angle of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device and adjusting the level of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device according to the inclination angle.
According to the track flatness detection system based on the scanning laser, the rotatable laser scanning device is arranged on the steel rail at any side through the first fixed base;
The receiving target is arranged on the steel rail to be tested through a second fixed base.
The invention also provides a detection method based on the track flatness detection system based on the scanning laser, which comprises the following steps:
based on an installation strategy corresponding to a smoothness detection mode, installing a rotatable laser scanning device on a steel rail at any side in a track, and installing a receiving target on a steel rail to be detected in the track; the receiving target comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor face the transmitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device;
starting the rotatable laser scanning device to enable the rotatable laser scanning device to emit photoelectric signals, and enabling the photoelectric signals to perform rotary scanning by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane;
when initial detection is carried out, the receiving target and/or the rotatable laser scanning device are moved, and the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a datum point for smoothness detection under the condition that photoelectric signals emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device are received in a preset area of the receiving target;
receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric sensor, and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals based on the position sensor;
And based on data processing equipment, acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point.
According to the detection method provided by the invention, the photoelectric sensor is used for receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane, the position sensor is used for calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
moving a moving device along the extending direction of the steel rail to be detected by a preset distance so as to drive the receiving target to move along the steel rail to be detected;
in the moving process, measuring the position of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be measured based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor;
the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps:
and acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected and the datum points based on the data processing equipment.
According to the detection method provided by the invention, the steel rail to be detected is a single-side steel rail, and the smoothness detection result comprises a rail direction smoothness detection result;
The utility model provides a rotatable laser scanning device is installed on the rail of arbitrary side in the track based on the installation strategy that smoothness detection mode corresponds, install the receiving target on the rail that awaits measuring in the track, include:
based on the installation strategy, horizontally installing the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target on the steel rail to be detected;
wherein the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced a predetermined distance from the receiving target.
According to the detection method provided by the invention, the steel rail to be detected is a double-sided steel rail, the smoothness detection result comprises a horizontal smoothness detection result, and the receiving targets comprise a first receiving target and a second receiving target;
the utility model provides a rotatable laser scanning device is installed on the rail of arbitrary side in the track based on the installation strategy that smoothness detection mode corresponds, install the receiving target on the rail that awaits measuring in the track, include:
based on the installation strategy, the rotatable laser scanning device and the second receiving target are installed on the steel rail to be detected on any side; wherein the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced a predetermined distance from the second receiving target;
vertically mounting the first receiving target on a steel rail to be tested on the other side;
The method for receiving the photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric sensor and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target based on the position sensor according to the photoelectric signals comprises the following steps:
acquiring the position of the scanning plane in the second receiving target on the steel rail to be detected at any side based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor of the second receiving target;
acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the other side of the steel rail to be detected in the first receiving target based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor of the first receiving target;
the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps:
based on the data processing equipment, acquiring a horizontal smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning plane in the first receiving target and the second receiving target and the datum point;
wherein the calibration points and the calibration patterns of the first receiving target and the second receiving target, and the relative mounting positions on the track are consistent.
According to the detection method provided by the invention, the steel rail to be detected is a double-sided steel rail, and the smoothness detection result comprises a twist smoothness detection result;
the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two different positions on the steel rail to be tested at any one side and a second height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at the relative positions of the any two different positions on the steel rail to be tested at the other side based on the data processing equipment;
and acquiring a torsion smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the first height difference and the second height difference.
According to the track smoothness detection system and method based on the scanning laser, on one hand, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target can be installed on the track according to the installation strategy corresponding to the smoothness detection mode, and only one set of equipment is needed to be suitable for different smoothness detection modes, so that the applicability is good, and the operation is simple; on the other hand, the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotated and scanned by taking the set axis as the center to form a stable scanning plane, the reference point of flatness detection can be determined only by identifying the position of the scanning plane, the laser direction is not required to be repeatedly and finely adjusted to enable the light spot to coincide with the center of the measuring target, the smoothness measuring process is effectively simplified, and the measuring efficiency is improved; in addition, when the laser scanning chord plane is adopted to measure the height, the level and the distortion of the track, the laser can be used as a center to detect on two sides of the track at the same time, so that the detection range and the application range are doubled, and the operation efficiency is improved; and the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target can be automatically determined directly according to the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device through the receiving target, and the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be automatically obtained directly according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point through the data processing equipment, so that the human participation is effectively reduced, and the accuracy and the automation degree of track smoothness detection are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a track flatness detection system based on scanning laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a track flatness detection system based on scanning laser according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a track flatness detection system based on scanning laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a track flatness detection system based on scanning laser according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method of the track flatness detection system based on scanning laser provided by the invention.
Reference numerals:
1: a rotatable laser scanning device; 101: a first rotatable laser scanning device; 102: a second rotatable laser scanning device; 2: receiving a target; 201: a photoelectric position sensor; 202: a first receiving target; 203: a second receiving target; 3: a first fixed base; 301: a first sub-mount; 302: a second sub-mount; 4: a second fixed base; 401: a third sub-mount; 402: and a fourth sub-fixing base.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the prior art, the smoothness of the track is generally detected by adopting the following modes:
1. traditional chord measurement
The manual string pulling method has long been used for measuring the smoothness of the track, is the most widely used traditional method on site, and mainly is used for measuring the medium wave irregularity of the 10m string of the curve section and the 20m string of the straight line section. Due to the annual growth of the construction mileage of high-speed railways and the acceleration of common-speed railways, the detection of long-wave irregularities of 100m and above becomes particularly important. And the track long wave irregularity cannot be detected by using the traditional 20m chord length. At present, a manual track-watching method is generally adopted for measuring by a steel ruler, so that human errors are large, and the track-watching at night cannot be judged by naked eyes due to reflection of illumination light on a track surface; moreover, the string is suspended and needs to be artificially corrected for measuring errors, if the string swings along with wind when encountering strong wind, the smoothness cannot be accurately detected, so that the pertinence and the effectiveness of track shifting operation in line maintenance are reduced, and the geometric state of the track is difficult to ensure. Therefore, the smoothness detection accuracy of the method is low.
2. Smoothness measurement trolley based on inertial measurement
The method is characterized in that a measuring reference is obtained through an inertial element, and then the relative position of the inertial reference and a rail is measured, so that the relative position of a rail surface of a steel rail in an inertial coordinate system is obtained. The product of the principle is widely applied to track smoothness measurement at present, and provides powerful guarantee for railway maintenance.
For the current application, the equipment of the principle has short plates in measurement, one is that the rail direction, height, track gauge change, level (super high), distortion and the like measured by the equipment can only be dynamically measured; but cannot be detected at low speed, static. Therefore, after the track is finely adjusted and the measuring trolley is dynamically detected during track lifting and track shifting operation, the track shifting quantity is finally determined by manually pulling the track to mark the track lifting position, and the operation is complex. In addition, in existing devices, many inertial measurement gyroscopes have drift problems (not calibrated, resulting in a fixed-size positional offset between the actual positioning and the map display), resulting in large errors in the results of the level detection, unreliable level detection results, and certain errors in the detection items related thereto such as height, track orientation, and distortion. Therefore, the smoothness detection accuracy of the method is low and the operation is complex.
3. Instrument based on laser collimation chord measurement method
The instrument establishes a laser string line parallel to the rail top and the rail direction on the steel rail by utilizing the point laser emission source and the facula positioning target, and uses the laser string line as a reference to directly measure the deviation of the rail direction at any point in the string range by moving the measuring target. The instrument is divided into two modes of manual reading and machine identification reading light spot positions.
The manual reading device has simple structure, direct manual reading and certain convenience; however, if a clear and visible measurement target grid is required to be identified manually under the influence of wind speed or dark environment with a distance exceeding 10m or a larger distance, bright light spots are required, and the bright light spots cause discomfort to eyes of people, so that the positions of the light spots cannot be read accurately. And meanwhile, a cross rod for supporting the measuring target to move on the track needs to be adjusted to be horizontal at each measuring point, so that the moving operation is inflexible. In addition, the flow of air can cause a large spot drift, which can cause an error amplification of the manual read data. Therefore, the smoothness detection accuracy of the method is low.
The machine identification reading can adopt modes such as a one-dimensional PSD (Position Sensitive Detectors, position sensitive detector), a two-dimensional PSD, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device ) array, a photocell, a camera and the like. And reading the position difference between the measuring point and the spot center of the initial calibration point, and calculating the height and track direction deviation. The device of the principle and the device of the inertia measurement principle complement each other in the aspects of track dynamic detection and static detection, but the defects of the device comprise:
The laser collimation string is difficult to establish, and the smoothness detection result is difficult to accurately obtain. In order to reduce measurement errors, the laser string line needs to be parallel to the rail direction, namely the laser center is equal to the measurement target center in height and is equal to the horizontal distance of the 16mm position below the rail surface on the inner side of the steel rail; the laser spot needs to coincide with the center of the measurement target, i.e. the center of the measurement target needs to be found according to the spot. Due to the limited size of the measurement target (typically less than 100mm x 100 mm), it is very difficult to remotely adjust the laser angle to achieve coincidence of the laser spot with the center of the measurement target. Taking the example of the distance between the laser and the measuring target being 100m, the light spot sweeps 174mm in the adjusting direction 100m when the laser rotates by 0.1 degrees, that is, if the light spot is adjusted by 0.1 degrees at the edge of the measuring target by the laser, the light spot can completely fly out of the measuring target.
Therefore, if the spot is perfectly aligned with the center of the measurement target, fine adjustments are repeatedly made to the horizontal and vertical directions of the laser. Repeatedly adjusting the laser in the limited time of the skylight to enable the facula to coincide with the center of the measuring target to establish a string is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the product is inconvenient to use. In addition, some instruments adopt infrared invisible light for obtaining the stability of light spots, and because of the infrared invisible light, the establishment of a straight laser string line needs longer time and greater difficulty, so that the popularization and the use of the instruments are limited.
And two,: only can realize monorail parameter measurement, and has small application range. Such devices can only measure the height and track direction of the monorail, and if it is desired to measure the level and twist irregularity of the double rail, it is necessary to perform the measurement in conjunction with additional devices such as a level gauge. Double-rail measurement is cumbersome compared to inertial measurement principle devices.
And thirdly,: when the equipment is used for measuring the flatness and the track direction, different transmitting units and receiving units are needed, namely, after one parameter in the flatness is measured, another set of equipment is needed to be replaced to measure the other parameter, meanwhile, the level or the vertical is needed to be readjusted, the two sets of equipment are needed to be carried at the same time in the measuring mode, the field measurement application is slightly complicated, and the operation is complex.
Aiming at the problems, the embodiment adopts the laser to scan the chord plane, and can measure the level and the distortion of the double rails besides the height and the rail direction of the single rail. The method solves the problem that the current laser string method can only measure the single track smoothness parameter, provides another higher-precision checking method for the two parameters of inertial measurement double tracks, adopts the laser scanning string surface to measure the track height, level and torsion, can simultaneously detect in two directions of the track by taking the laser as the center, doubles the detection range and improves the operation efficiency.
The track flatness detection system based on scanning laser of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1, which includes a rotatable laser scanning device 1, a receiving target 2, and a data processing apparatus; the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is installed on any side steel rail in a track in a smoothness detection mode according to an installation strategy, the receiving target 2 is installed on a steel rail to be detected in the track in the installation strategy, and the receiving target 2 is in communication connection with data processing equipment;
the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is a laser scanning device rotatable in any direction, such as a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, and the like, and this embodiment is not particularly limited thereto.
The rail to be measured is a rail to be subjected to smoothness detection, and may be a single-side rail or a double-side rail, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The data processing equipment is in communication connection with the receiving target 2 and is used for acquiring data transmitted by the receiving target 2 and processing the data; the data processing device may be built-in or external to the receiving target 2 or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The smoothness detection mode includes one or more combinations of a height smoothness detection of a single rail and a track direction smoothness detection, a level smoothness detection of a double rail and a twist (triangle pit) smoothness detection, which are not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the receiving target 2 corresponding to different smoothness detection modes have different installation strategies, for example, when the smoothness detection is carried out, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are vertically installed on a track; in performing the track smoothness detection, the rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the receiving target 2 are horizontally mounted on the track. The specific installation position can be set according to actual requirements, for example, the specific installation position of the receiving target is on the rail head of the rail to be detected.
Alternatively, in the process of mounting the rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the receiving target 2, the smoothness detection mode is first determined, and the corresponding mounting strategy is determined according to the smoothness detection mode.
Then, the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is installed on the upper surface of the steel rail at any side of the track in a corresponding installation strategy in a smoothness detection mode; the rails on either side are rails selected arbitrarily from rails on both sides of the track, and may be rails to be tested or rails not to be tested, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
And the receiving target 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the steel rail to be tested in the track in a corresponding installation strategy in a smoothness detection mode.
The receiving target 2 comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor face the transmitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device 1; hereinafter, the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor will be simply referred to as photoelectric position sensor.
Wherein the photo position sensor 201 is a photo device sensitive to the position of the light spot on the light sensitive surface, the output signal of which is related to the position of the light spot on the light sensitive surface; the photo-electric position sensor 201 faces the emitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device 1, so as to ensure that the photo-electric position sensor can receive the photo-electric signal emitted by the emitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device.
The rotatable laser scanning device 1 is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned by taking a set shaft as a center to form a scanning plane;
the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is rotatable at the time of start-up and emits a photoelectric signal so that the photoelectric signal can be rotated and scanned with a set axis as a center to form a laser scanning plane.
The specific rotation direction may be determined according to the structure of the track and the smoothness detection manner, such as the horizontal direction or the vertical direction with respect to the track, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
In the field of track smoothness detection laser collimation chord measurement, the embodiment adopts a laser scanning plane to replace a laser chord line for track smoothness detection for the first time. Because of strong laser emission capability and high concentration of energy, the brightness is very high, hundreds of millions times higher than that of a common light source, and the divergence angle after laser emission is very small, so that the directivity is better. According to the laser with good directivity and collimation, when the laser rotates around the fixed shaft, a stable laser scanning plane can be formed, so that a scanning plane is provided for collimation measurement, and the scanning plane is not a chord line.
The string surface is used for replacing the string, namely 4 parameter orbit direction, height, level and distortion measurement of the track flatness are performed by using the surface replacing line, so that the pain point of laser string method smoothness measurement of a hundred-meter targeting aiming center is fundamentally solved, the mode of setting up the string is changed into position identification of a laser scanning plane by repeatedly and finely adjusting the direction of a laser to enable a light spot to coincide with the center of a measuring target, the smoothness measurement workflow is greatly simplified, and the working efficiency is improved.
In the initial detection, the receiving target 2 and/or the rotatable laser scanning device 1 move under the action of external force, so that the receiving target 2 is in a preset area, and the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a datum point for smoothness detection under the condition that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is received;
the preset area is an area where the photoelectric position sensor in the receiving target can receive photoelectric signals, and the scanning plane can sweep through the photoelectric position sensor, such as the center position of the receiving target, and the like, and can be specifically set according to actual requirements.
Optionally, during the installation process, by moving the position of the receiving target (e.g. up or down) and/or rotating the laser scanning device (e.g. adjusting the horizontal angle), the photoelectric position sensor is fixed, and the position of the current scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a reference point (zero point) for smoothness detection, in the case that the scanning plane can sweep over the photoelectric position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor can capture the optical signal and calculate the position of the scanning plane.
The photoelectric sensor is used for receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane, and the position sensor is used for calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals;
the shape of the photoelectric sensor may be a strip shape or the like, and the mounting position may be a central region of the target surface or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
When a scanning plane formed by photoelectric signals emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device passes through the photoelectric position sensor, the photoelectric position sensor can receive the photoelectric signals in the scanning plane and determine the position of the scanning plane in a receiving target by analyzing and calculating the received photoelectric signals in the scanning plane; and transmits the position of the scan plane in the receiving target in real time to the data processing device.
The data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point.
After the data processing equipment receives the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target sent by the photoelectric position sensor, the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be obtained according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, so that whether the steel rail to be detected has a irregularity state or not can be determined, and more technical guarantees are provided for on-site maintenance operation of the track.
In the embodiment, the rotatable laser scanning device rotates the laser beam by taking a fixed shaft as a center to form a laser scanning plane; when the laser emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device on the receiving target scans the photoelectric position sensor, the sensor can detect optical signals and calculate the position of a laser scanning plane, and when high-precision measurement is realized, the problems of difficult string establishment and complex operation when the conventional laser string method detects track flatness are solved, and the problem of drift of an inertial measurement gyroscope during static detection is also solved.
On one hand, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target can be arranged on the track according to the installation strategy corresponding to the smoothness detection mode, and only one set of equipment is needed to be suitable for different smoothness detection modes, so that the applicability is good, and the operation is simple; on the other hand, the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotated and scanned by taking the set axis as the center to form a stable scanning plane, the reference point of flatness detection can be determined only by identifying the position of the scanning plane, the laser direction is not required to be repeatedly and finely adjusted to enable the light spot to coincide with the center of the measuring target, the smoothness measuring process is effectively simplified, and the measuring efficiency is improved; in addition, when the laser scanning chord plane is adopted to measure the height, the level and the distortion of the track, the laser can be used as a center to detect on two sides of the track at the same time, so that the detection range and the application range are doubled, and the operation efficiency is improved; and the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target can be automatically determined directly according to the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device through the receiving target, and the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be automatically obtained directly according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point through the data processing equipment, so that the human participation is effectively reduced, and the accuracy and the automation degree of track smoothness detection are improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the receiving target in this embodiment further includes a moving device; the mobile device is positioned at the bottom of the receiving target; the moving device is used for driving the receiving target to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force; the receiving target is specifically used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be detected; the data processing equipment is specifically used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected within the preset distance according to the positions of the scanning planes and the datum points at different positions of the steel rail to be detected.
The moving device is arranged at the bottom of the receiving target and can move back and forth along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force so as to drive the receiving target to move for a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested;
during the movement, the receiving target 2 may perform a static smoothness measurement or a dynamic smoothness measurement.
In the operations of track shifting and the like requiring the measurement of the height and the track direction, after the measurement scanning chord plane is established, the receiving target 2 is fixed at the position requiring the track shifting operation, the track direction or the height detection result is displayed in real time, and meanwhile, the track direction or the height of the track is adjusted to achieve the optimal smoothness state.
The dynamic measurement is to push or move the receiving target electrically, continuously measure the parameters of the track height or track direction during the movement process, and store the measurement process of one operation. The track smoothness measurement value of a real-time position of a certain chord length can be obtained through dynamic measurement, the maximum deviation point of the chord length is displayed and prompted, the track maintenance operation is guided, and the continuous measurement of the track smoothness parameter is realized.
Optionally, in the moving process, the photoelectric position sensor in the receiving target can continuously receive the photoelectric signals in the scanning plane emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device, so as to dynamically acquire the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected;
or after the receiving target is moved to one position point, fixing the receiving target, after the position of the scanning plane on the current position is statically acquired, moving the receiving target to the next position point, fixing the receiving target, and acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the next position, and continuing the acquiring step until the receiving target moves by a preset distance.
Then, the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested are sent to data processing equipment;
after the data processing equipment receives the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected, the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected and the reference points are combined, so that the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected within the preset distance can be rapidly and accurately obtained.
The smoothness detection system of the embodiment is applicable to dynamic measurement and static measurement, and is wide in application range, simple to operate and high in detection precision.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, when the rail to be detected is a single-sided rail, and the smoothness detection result includes a high-low smoothness detection result, the rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the receiving target 2 are vertically installed on the rail to be detected, and the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is spaced from the receiving target 2 by a preset interval; the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are used for rotating and scanning in the relative horizontal direction of the track or the direction parallel to the slope of the track by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane.
As shown in fig. 1, in the case that the rail to be measured is a single-sided rail, the smoothness detection result includes a high-low smoothness detection result, the mounting strategy of the rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the receiving target 2 is as follows:
the rotatable laser scanning device or receiving target may be vertically mounted on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target mounting method in this embodiment will be described below by taking a stationary base as an example.
The rotatable laser scanning device 1 is vertically fixed on the first fixed base 3, the first fixed base 3 is closely attached to the upper surface of the rail to be measured, and the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
At the other end of the rail to be measured (the rail on the same side), a receiving target 2 is vertically arranged on a second fixed base 4 from a vertical rail surface of a preset interval (namely the current smoothness measuring interval) of the rotatable laser scanning device, and the second fixed base 4 is tightly fixed on the upper surface of the rail.
The rotatable laser scanning device 1 is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device 1 rotates in a horizontal direction relative to the track or in a direction parallel to the slope of the track in case of a slope of the track, scanning forms a scanning plane.
By vertically adjusting the position of the receiving target 2 on the second fixed base 4, the scanning plane can sweep the photoelectric position sensor 201, and the photoelectric position sensor 201 can capture the photoelectric signal and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. At this time, the receiving target 2 is fixed, and the position of the current laser scanning plane is taken as a reference point for track height smoothness detection (zero point of height irregularity).
The moving device is used for driving the receiving target 2 to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force so as to measure the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested, so that the data processing equipment obtains the parameters of the degree of irregularity of the steel rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions and the datum points of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested.
The moving direction may be a direction toward the rotatable laser scanning device 1, or the like, and this embodiment is not particularly limited.
The level of the rotatable laser scanning device 1 may be adjusted by automatic adjustment or manual adjustment to keep the scanning plane level and reduce detection errors.
If the horizontal offset of the rotatable laser scanning device is within a preset range, the rotatable laser scanning device can be automatically adjusted; if the horizontal offset of the rotatable laser scanning device is not within the preset range, an alarm is sent to remind the user to adjust the device, and the embodiment is not limited in detail. The preset range can be set according to actual requirements, such as [ -5 °, +5° ].
In this embodiment, only the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are required to be installed according to the installation strategy corresponding to the high-low smoothness detection mode, so that the high-low smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be conveniently and accurately obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, when the rail to be detected is a single-sided rail, and the smoothness detection result includes a rail direction smoothness detection result, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are both horizontally installed on the rail to be detected, and the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced from the receiving target by a preset interval; the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are used for rotating and scanning in the relative vertical direction of the track by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane.
As shown in fig. 2, in the case that the rail to be measured is a single-sided rail, the smoothness detection result includes a rail-direction smoothness detection result, the mounting strategy of the rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the receiving target 2 is as follows:
the rotatable laser scanning device or the receiving target may be horizontally mounted on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
For example, the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is horizontally fixed on the first fixed base 3, and the first fixed base 3 is closely attached to the upper surface of the steel rail to be tested; at the other end of the rail to be measured, the receiving target 2 is horizontally arranged on the second fixed base 4 from the vertical rail surface of the rotatable laser scanning device 1 at a preset interval (namely, the current smoothness measuring interval), and the second fixed base 4 is tightly fixed on the upper surface of the rail.
The rotatable laser scanning device 1 is activated such that the electro-optical signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is rotationally scanned in a perpendicular direction relative to the track to form a scanning plane.
By adjusting the horizontal angle of the rotatable laser scanning device, the scanning plane can sweep the photoelectric position sensor on the fixed position on the receiving target, and the photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signal and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. At this time, the rotatable laser scanning device is fixed, and the position of the current laser scanning plane is used as a reference point for track-wise smoothness detection (i.e., zero point for track-wise irregularity measurement).
The moving device is used for driving the receiving target to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force so as to measure the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested, so that the data processing equipment obtains parameters of the rail direction irregularity of the steel rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions and the datum points of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested.
The moving direction may be a direction toward the rotatable laser scanning device, or the like, and this embodiment is not particularly limited.
In this embodiment, only the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are required to be installed according to the installation strategy corresponding to the rail direction smoothness detection mode, so that the rail direction smoothness detection result of the rail to be detected can be automatically, conveniently and accurately obtained.
It should be noted that, the track smoothness detection system in this embodiment may also detect the smoothness of the same single-side rail and the smoothness of the rail direction at the same time. As shown in fig. 3, in this scenario, the rotatable laser scanning device comprises a first rotatable laser scanning device 101 and a second rotatable laser scanning device 102, the receiving targets comprising a first receiving target 202 and a second receiving target 203; wherein, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are installed as follows:
the first rotatable laser scanning device 101 and the first receiving target 202 may be vertically installed on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base, etc., and the second rotatable laser scanning device 102 and the second receiving target 203 are horizontally installed on the upper surface of the rail to be measured, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
For example, the first rotatable laser scanning device 101 is vertically fixed on a first sub-fixed base 301 of the first fixed base, the second rotatable laser scanning device 102 is horizontally fixed on a second sub-fixed base 302 of the first fixed base, and the first sub-fixed base 301 and the second sub-fixed base 302 are closely attached to the upper surface of the rail to be measured and are adjacently mounted on the same side of the rail to be measured.
At the other end of the rail to be measured on the same side, a first receiving target 202 is vertically installed on a third sub-fixing base 401 from the vertical rail surface of the first rotatable laser scanning device 101 and the second rotatable laser scanning device 102 at a preset interval (namely, the current smoothness measuring interval), a second receiving target 203 is horizontally installed on a fourth sub-fixing base 402, and the third sub-fixing base 401 are tightly fixed on the upper surface of the rail and are adjacently installed.
The first rotatable laser scanning device 101 is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the first rotatable laser scanning device 101 rotates in a horizontal direction relative to the track or in a direction parallel to the slope of the track in case of a slope of the track, scanning forming a scanning plane.
The second rotatable laser scanning device 102 is simultaneously activated such that the electro-optical signal emitted by the second rotatable laser scanning device 102 rotates in a vertical direction relative to the track, scanning to form a scanning plane.
By vertically adjusting the position of the first receiving target 202 on the third sub-mount 401, the scanning plane can sweep over the first photoelectric position sensor of the first rotatable laser scanning device 101, and the first photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signal and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. At this time, the first receiving target 202 is fixed, and the position of the current laser scanning plane is taken as a reference point for track height smoothness detection (zero point of height irregularity).
The horizontal angle of the second rotatable laser scanning device 102 is adjusted at the same time, so that the scanning plane can sweep the second photoelectric position sensor at a fixed position on the second receiving target 203, and the second photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signal and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. At this time, the second rotatable laser scanning device 102 is fixed, and the position of the current laser scanning plane is taken as a reference point for track-wise smoothness detection (i.e., zero point for track-wise irregularity measurement).
The moving device is used for driving the first receiving target 202 and the second receiving target 203 to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force, so that the position of the scanning plane is measured at different positions of the steel rail to be tested, and the data processing equipment can obtain parameters of the height irregularity and the track direction irregularity of the steel rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions and the reference points of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be tested.
The moving direction may be a direction toward the rotatable laser scanning device, or the like, and this embodiment is not particularly limited.
In the embodiment, the calibration of the reference point is simpler than a chord line method, and the reference points of two dimensions can be obtained by only calibrating the parameters of one dimension of the height or the track direction. Specifically, the two-stage calibration can be performed, and the factory calibration or laboratory calibration is performed first, so that each device needs to be subjected to factory calibration. The method of calibration is to adopt a unified track detection distance, the transmitting end and the receiving target are respectively placed at the maximum detection distance, and the calibration of the transmitting end is mainly carried out by two parameters: one is the size diameter of the spot of the laser scanning plane and the other parameter is the light intensity value of the laser scanning plane measurement distance.
The calibration parameters for measuring the receiving target mainly comprise: the linearity error and the measurement accuracy of the measurement in the whole measurement range, the measurement accuracy of the combined calibration of the grating digital display ruler and the two-dimensional displacement table with higher level, namely the measurement accuracy, the resolution in the measurement range, the repeatability of repeated measurement, the measurement range, the resolution of the displacement in the displacement measurement and the like; and then, performing secondary calibration by moving the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target so as to obtain a datum point for smoothness detection.
Although the track smoothness detection system in the embodiment increases the volume of the carrying device and the initial installation workload, the measurement of a plurality of parameters can be completed simultaneously by only moving the receiving target once for the measurement of the height and the track direction, the detection efficiency is effectively improved, and the operation is simple.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, in the case where the rail to be detected is a double-sided rail, and the smoothness detection result includes a horizontal smoothness detection result, the receiving targets include a first receiving target 202 and a second receiving target 203; the rotatable laser scanning device 1 and the second receiving target 203 are vertically arranged on the steel rail to be tested at any side, and the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is spaced from the second receiving target 203 by a preset interval; the first receiving target 202 is vertically arranged on the other side of the steel rail to be tested; the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned in the relative horizontal direction of the track or in the direction parallel to the slope of the track by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane; the second receiving target 203 is used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane in the second receiving target 203 on the steel rail to be tested on any side; the first receiving target 202 is used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the other side of the steel rail to be detected in the first receiving target 202; the data processing device is specifically configured to obtain a level smoothness detection result of the rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning plane in the first receiving target 202 and the second receiving target 203 and the reference point; wherein the calibration points and the calibration patterns of the first receiving target 202 and the second receiving target 203, and the relative mounting positions on the track are consistent.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, in the case where the rail to be measured is a double-sided rail, the smoothness detection result includes a horizontal smoothness detection result, the mounting strategy of the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target is as follows:
wherein the receiving target 2 comprises a first receiving target 202 and a second receiving target 203; the first receiving target 202 and the second receiving target 203 may be the same receiving target or may be different receiving targets, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
Under the scene that the first receiving target and the second receiving target are different receiving targets, the specific structure of the track flatness detection system is as follows:
the rotatable laser scanning device, the first receiving target, and the second receiving target may be vertically mounted on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
For example, the rotatable laser scanning device 1 is horizontally fixed on the first fixed base 3, and the first fixed base 3 is closely attached to the upper surface of a rail to be tested on either side; at the other end of the rail to be measured, the first receiving target 202 is vertically mounted on the third sub-fixing base 401 from the vertical rail surface of the rotatable laser scanning device at a preset interval (i.e., the current smoothness measuring interval), and the third sub-fixing base 401 is tightly fixed on the upper surface of the rail to be measured.
The rotatable laser scanning device is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotationally scanned in a horizontal direction relative to the track or in a direction parallel to the slope of the track to form a scanning plane.
By adjusting the position of the first receiving target 202 on the fixed base up and down, the scanning plane can sweep over the first photoelectric position sensor of the first receiving target, and the first photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signal and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. The first receiving target 202 is fixed, and the position of the current scanning plane is used as a zero point for track level irregularity measurement. The first receiving target 202 and the third sub-mount 401 are removed and mounted at the opposite positions of the opposite side rail to be measured (the other side rail to be measured).
The second receiving target 203 and the fourth sub-mount 402 are further mounted at a position where the first receiving target 202 is removed, and the position of the second receiving target 203 is adjusted up and down so that the scanning plane can sweep over the second photoelectric position sensor of the second receiving target 203, and the second photoelectric position sensor can capture optical signals and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane.
Because the position of the scanning plane emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is unchanged, the first receiving target and the second receiving target record the position of the scanning plane at the same relative position of the steel rails at two sides; when the first receiving target and the second receiving target are respectively fixed on the steel rails to be detected at two sides, scanning laser emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device can sweep the first receiving target and the second receiving target successively, and if the positions of scanning planes detected by photoelectric position sensors of the first receiving target and the second receiving target deviate, the track is indicated to have double-rail horizontal irregularity.
Optionally, the moving device is configured to drive the first receiving target and the second receiving target to move a preset distance along an extending direction of the rail to be tested under an external force, so as to measure positions of the scanning plane at different positions of the rail to be tested, so that the data processing device obtains parameters of horizontal irregularity of the rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions and the reference points of the scanning plane at different positions of the rail to be tested.
In the scenario where the first receiving target and the second receiving target are the same receiving target, i.e. there is only one receiving target, the specific structure of the track flatness detection system is as follows:
for example, the rotatable laser scanning device is horizontally fixed on a fixed base, and the fixed base is tightly attached to the upper surface of a steel rail to be tested on any side; and at the other end of the rail to be tested, a receiving target is vertically arranged on a fixed base from a vertical rail surface of a rotatable laser scanning device at a preset interval (namely, the current smoothness measuring interval), and the fixed base for receiving the target is tightly fixed on the upper surface of the rail to be tested.
The rotatable laser scanning device is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotationally scanned in a horizontal direction relative to the track or in a direction parallel to the slope of the track to form a scanning plane.
The position of the receiving target on the fixed base is adjusted up and down, so that the scanning plane can sweep through the photoelectric position sensor of the receiving target, and the photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signals and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. Then, the receiving target is fixed, and the position of the current scanning plane is used as a zero point for track level irregularity measurement. The receiving target and the fixing base thereof are detached and arranged at the relative positions of the opposite side steel rail to be tested (the other side steel rail to be tested).
Since the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is a scanning plane formed by scanning on a fixed plane, when the receiving target is mounted on the opposite rail, the laser scanning plane still scans the receiving target, and if the position of the scanning plane calculated by the photoelectric position sensor on the receiving target deviates in the double rail at this time, the existence of the double-rail horizontal irregularity is indicated.
And alternately moving and fixing the receiving targets on the double tracks in the direction of the track towards the rotatable laser scanning device so as to measure the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the track and obtain the parameters of the horizontal irregularity of the steel rail within a preset distance.
The method for detecting the horizontal and the distortion irregularity of the double-track by using the laser scanning chord plane in the embodiment is similar to the method for measuring the height and the track direction of the single track. The track level and distortion detection is mainly characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of establishing a double-track detection initial plane, calibrating a zero point of a receiving target of one side track, calibrating the receiving target of the same type at the same position of the same side track twice, fixing the receiving target on the other side track, and measuring the smoothness parameter of the double tracks by using a scanning chord plane of the same far end. And then obtaining the level and distortion parameters of the double tracks through software, difference algorithm and the like.
The premise of measuring the double-track parameters by the light collimation principle is to establish a unified measuring plane, and the method has the advantages of high precision, high speed and convenience in operation because the method establishes a unified scanning plane.
On the basis of the above example, in this embodiment, in the case where the rail to be tested is a double-sided rail, and the smoothness detection result includes a twisted smoothness detection result, the data processing apparatus is configured to obtain the twisted smoothness detection result of the rail to be tested according to a first height difference between positions of the scanning plane at any two different positions on the rail to be tested on any one side and a second height difference between positions of the scanning plane at a relative position of the any two different positions on the rail to be tested on the other side.
Optionally, in the case that the rail to be detected is a double-sided rail and the smoothness detection result includes a twisted smoothness detection result, an installation strategy of each element in the rail smoothness detection system is consistent with a horizontal smoothness detection method, referring specifically to fig. 4, and specific installation strategies are not repeated here.
In the torsion smoothness detection process, the height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two positions of any one rail to be detected in the preset distance is selected on the basis of measuring the horizontal smoothness of the rail, and if the height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two different positions relative to the rail at the other side is positive difference and negative difference, the situation that torsion irregularity (triangular pit) exists in the preset distance is indicated.
In the embodiment, the detection of the smoothness of the track in the height, the level and the distortion (triangle pits) can be completed once only by fixing the once-rotating laser scanning device, the defects of static measurement in the inertial principle smoothness measurement are effectively supplemented, a manual string pulling method is replaced to provide more accurate and reliable measurement basis for track smoothness measurement and track lifting and track lining, and meanwhile, a scanning plane is established, so that the problems that the establishment of a laser collimation string is difficult and the double-track measurement operation is complicated in the laser collimation string measurement method are effectively solved.
Along with the increase of the mileage of the high-speed railway, the phenomenon of shaking the train occurs, and one of possible reasons for the phenomenon is track irregularity. At present, the long-wave irregularity double-track parameters of the high-speed railway are mainly measured by a large-scale track inspection vehicle and a small-scale inspection vehicle based on an inertia measurement principle, but the long-wave irregularity of the track cannot be detected only by detecting the chord length of 20 m. The detection method provided by the application has the advantages that the measurement distance can reach 200 meters, the detection accuracy can be kept to +/-0.1 mm or more, and the double tracks can simultaneously and statically and dynamically measure the level and distortion. The method for detecting the long-wave irregularity is supplemented and improved, and more technical guarantees are provided for on-site maintenance operation of the rail.
On the basis of the above embodiments, an adjustment platform is mounted at the bottom of the rotatable laser scanning device in this embodiment; the adjusting platform is used for monitoring the inclination angle of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device and adjusting the level of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device according to the inclination angle.
Optionally, the adjusting platform is used for monitoring the inclination angle of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device, and sending an alarm to prompt a user to manually adjust the level of the rotatable laser scanning device under the condition that the inclination angle exceeds a preset range;
in the manual horizontal adjustment process, the bottom of the rotatable laser scanning device is a two-dimensional adjustment platform, and the front-back pitching and the left-right tilting of the rotatable laser scanning device are manually adjusted according to the horizontal two-dimensional reference bubble assembled at the bottom, so that the two-dimensional reference bubble indicates the central position, and the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device is positioned at the horizontal position.
Under the condition that the inclination angle is in a preset range, the rotatable laser scanning device can automatically adjust the level of the rotatable laser scanning device.
The preset range can be set according to actual requirements, such as [ -5 degrees, +5 degrees ].
In the process of automatically adjusting the level, a motor is adopted for two-dimensional adjustment, and simultaneously a two-dimensional inclination sensor is adopted for detecting the inclination angles of the scanning plane in two directions in real time, so that the motor is controlled to automatically adjust the level of the rotatable laser scanning device in cooperation with a mechanical structure and an algorithm.
In the embodiment, the level of the rotatable laser scanning device can be adjusted in a plurality of modes manually or automatically, and the rotatable laser scanning device is flexible and convenient to operate and good in applicability.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the rotatable laser scanning device in this embodiment is mounted on the rail on either side through a first fixed base; the receiving target is arranged on the steel rail to be tested through a second fixed base.
Optionally, the rotatable laser scanning device is mounted on a first fixed base, and the first fixed base is tightly attached to the upper surface of the steel rail on any side in a clamping manner;
the receiving target is also arranged on a second fixed base, and the second fixed base is tightly attached to the upper surface of the steel rail to be tested in a clamping manner;
the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target can be connected with the steel rail through the fixed base, so that the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target can be conveniently and rapidly arranged on the steel rail.
The method for detecting the track smoothness based on the scanning laser provided by the invention is described below, and the method for detecting the track smoothness based on the scanning laser and the system for detecting the track smoothness based on the scanning laser described above can be referred to correspondingly.
As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a detection method of a track flatness detection system based on scanning laser, the method including:
step 501, based on an installation strategy corresponding to a smoothness detection mode, installing a rotatable laser scanning device on a steel rail at any side in a track, and installing a receiving target on a steel rail to be detected in the track; the receiving target comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor face the transmitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device;
optionally, the smoothness detection mode includes one or more of a single track height smoothness detection and a track direction smoothness detection, a double track level smoothness detection and a twist (triangle pit) smoothness detection, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
The rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target corresponding to different smoothness detection modes have different installation strategies.
Optionally, in the process of installing the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target, firstly determining a smoothness detection mode, and determining a corresponding installation strategy according to the smoothness detection mode.
Then, the rotatable laser scanning device is installed on the upper surface of the steel rail at any side of the track in a corresponding installation strategy in a smoothness detection mode; the rails on either side are rails selected arbitrarily from rails on both sides of the track, and may be rails to be tested or rails not to be tested, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
And installing the receiving target on the upper surface of the steel rail to be tested in the track in a corresponding installation strategy in a smoothness detection mode.
Step 502, starting the rotatable laser scanning device to enable the rotatable laser scanning device to emit photoelectric signals, and enabling the photoelectric signals to perform rotary scanning with a set shaft as a center to form a scanning plane;
optionally, when the smoothness of the rigid rail to be tested needs to be detected, the rotatable laser scanning device is started, so that the rotatable laser scanning device emits photoelectric signals in the rotating process, and the photoelectric signals can be rotated and scanned by taking the set shaft as the center to form a laser scanning plane.
The specific rotation direction may be determined according to the structure of the track and the smoothness detection manner, such as the horizontal direction or the vertical direction with respect to the track, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
Step 503, moving the receiving target and/or the rotatable laser scanning device during initial detection, and taking the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target as a datum point for smoothness detection when the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is received in a preset area of the receiving target;
in the initial detection, by moving the position of the receiving target (such as up-moving or down-moving) and/or the rotatable laser scanning device (such as adjusting the horizontal angle), the photoelectric position sensor is fixed, and the current position of the scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a reference point (zero point) for smoothness detection under the condition that the scanning plane can sweep the photoelectric position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor can capture the optical signal and calculate the position of the scanning plane.
Step 504, receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric sensor, and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals based on the position sensor;
Optionally, when a scanning plane formed by photoelectric signals emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device passes through the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor (referred to as photoelectric position sensor for short), receiving the photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric position sensor, and determining the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target by analyzing and calculating the received photoelectric signals in the scanning plane; and transmits the position of the scan plane in the receiving target in real time to the data processing device.
Step 505, based on a data processing device, acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point.
Optionally, after the data processing equipment receives the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target sent by the photoelectric position sensor, the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be obtained according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, so that whether the steel rail to be detected has a irregularity state or not can be determined, and more technical guarantees are provided for on-site maintenance operation of the track.
On one hand, the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target can be arranged on the track according to the installation strategy corresponding to the smoothness detection mode, and only one set of equipment is needed to be suitable for different smoothness detection modes, so that the applicability is good, and the operation is simple; on the other hand, the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotated and scanned by taking the set axis as the center to form a stable scanning plane, the reference point of flatness detection can be determined only by identifying the position of the scanning plane, the laser direction is not required to be repeatedly and finely adjusted to enable the light spot to coincide with the center of the measuring target, the smoothness measuring process is effectively simplified, and the measuring efficiency is improved; in addition, when the laser scanning chord plane is adopted to measure the height, the level and the distortion of the track, the laser can be used as a center to detect on two sides of the track at the same time, so that the detection range and the application range are doubled, and the operation efficiency is improved; and the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target can be automatically determined directly according to the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device through the receiving target, and the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be automatically obtained directly according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point through the data processing equipment, so that the human participation is effectively reduced, and the accuracy and the automation degree of track smoothness detection are improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the receiving, based on the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric signal in the scan plane and based on the position sensor, calculating, from the photoelectric signal, a position of the scan plane in the receiving target in this embodiment includes: moving a moving device along the extending direction of the steel rail to be detected by a preset distance so as to drive the receiving target to move along the steel rail to be detected; in the moving process, measuring the position of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be measured based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor; the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps: and acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected and the datum points based on the data processing equipment.
Alternatively, the receiving target may make a static smoothness measurement or a dynamic smoothness measurement during movement.
In the moving process, the photoelectric position sensor in the receiving target can continuously receive photoelectric signals in the scanning plane emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device so as to dynamically acquire the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected;
Or after the receiving target is moved to one position point, fixing the receiving target, after the position of the scanning plane on the current position is statically acquired, moving the receiving target to the next position point, fixing the receiving target, and acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the next position, and continuing the acquiring step until the receiving target moves by a preset distance.
Then, the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested are sent to data processing equipment;
after the data processing equipment receives the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected, the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected and the reference points are combined, so that the smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected within the preset distance can be rapidly and accurately obtained.
The smoothness detection system of the embodiment is applicable to dynamic measurement and static measurement, and is wide in application range, simple to operate and high in detection precision.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the rail to be tested is a single-sided rail, and the smoothness detection result includes a high-low smoothness detection result; the utility model provides a rotatable laser scanning device is installed on the rail of arbitrary side in the track based on the installation strategy that smoothness detection mode corresponds, install the receiving target on the rail that awaits measuring in the track, include: based on the installation strategy, vertically installing the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target on the steel rail to be detected; wherein the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced a predetermined distance from the receiving target.
Alternatively, the rotatable laser scanning device or the receiving target may be vertically mounted on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target mounting method in this embodiment will be described below by taking a stationary base as an example.
The rotatable laser scanning device is vertically fixed on a fixed base, the fixed base is closely attached to the upper surface of the rail to be measured, and the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
And at the other end of the rail to be detected (the rail on the same side), a receiving target is vertically arranged on a fixed base from a vertical rail surface of a preset interval (namely the current smoothness measuring interval) of the rotatable scanning laser device, and the fixed base for receiving the target is tightly attached to and fixed on the upper surface of the rail.
The rotatable laser scanning device is started so that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device rotates in the horizontal direction relative to the track or in the direction parallel to the slope of the track in the case of the slope of the track, and the scanning forms a scanning plane.
The position of the receiving target on the fixed base is adjusted up and down, so that the scanning plane can sweep through the photoelectric position sensor, and the photoelectric position sensor can capture photoelectric signals and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. At this time, the receiving target is fixed, and the position of the current laser scanning plane is taken as a reference point for track height smoothness detection (zero point of height irregularity).
The moving device is used for driving the receiving target to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force so as to measure the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested, so that the data processing equipment obtains the parameters of the degree of irregularity of the steel rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested and the reference points.
In this embodiment, only the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are required to be installed according to the installation strategy corresponding to the high-low smoothness detection mode, so that the high-low smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected can be conveniently and accurately obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the rail to be detected is a single-sided rail, and the smoothness detection result includes a rail direction smoothness detection result; the utility model provides a rotatable laser scanning device is installed on the rail of arbitrary side in the track based on the installation strategy that smoothness detection mode corresponds, install the receiving target on the rail that awaits measuring in the track, include: based on the installation strategy, horizontally installing the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target on the steel rail to be detected; wherein the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced a predetermined distance from the receiving target.
Alternatively, the rotatable laser scanning device or the receiving target may be horizontally mounted on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The rotatable laser scanning device is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotationally scanned in a perpendicular direction relative to the track to form a scanning plane.
By adjusting the horizontal angle of the rotatable scanning laser device, the scanning plane can sweep the photoelectric position sensor on the fixed position on the receiving target, and the photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signal and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. At this time, the rotatable scanning laser device is fixed, and the position of the current laser scanning plane is used as a reference point for detecting the smoothness of the track rail.
The moving device is used for driving the receiving target to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force so as to measure the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested, so that the data processing equipment obtains parameters of the rail direction irregularity of the steel rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions and the datum points of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be tested.
The moving direction may be a direction toward the rotatable laser scanning device, or the like, and this embodiment is not particularly limited.
In this embodiment, only the rotatable laser scanning device and the receiving target are required to be installed according to the installation strategy corresponding to the rail direction smoothness detection mode, so that the rail direction smoothness detection result of the rail to be detected can be automatically, conveniently and accurately obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the rails to be tested are double-sided rails, the smoothness detection result includes a horizontal smoothness detection result, and the receiving targets include a first receiving target and a second receiving target; the utility model provides a rotatable laser scanning device is installed on the rail of arbitrary side in the track based on the installation strategy that smoothness detection mode corresponds, install the receiving target on the rail that awaits measuring in the track, include: based on the installation strategy, the rotatable laser scanning device and the second receiving target are installed on the steel rail to be detected on any side; wherein the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced a predetermined distance from the second receiving target; vertically mounting the first receiving target on a steel rail to be tested on the other side; the method for receiving the photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric sensor and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target based on the position sensor according to the photoelectric signals comprises the following steps: acquiring the position of the scanning plane in the second receiving target on the steel rail to be detected at any side based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor of the second receiving target; acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the other side of the steel rail to be detected in the first receiving target based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor of the first receiving target; the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps: based on the data processing equipment, acquiring a horizontal smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning plane in the first receiving target and the second receiving target and the datum point; wherein the calibration points and the calibration patterns of the first receiving target and the second receiving target, and the relative mounting positions on the track are consistent.
Wherein the targets comprise a first target and a second target; the first receiving target and the second receiving target may be the same receiving target or may be different receiving targets, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
Under the scene that the first receiving target and the second receiving target are different receiving targets, the specific structure of the track flatness detection system is as follows:
the rotatable laser scanning device, the first receiving target, and the second receiving target may be vertically mounted on the upper surface of the rail to be measured by a fixed bracket or a fixed base or the like, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The rotatable laser scanning device is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotationally scanned in a horizontal direction relative to the track or in a direction parallel to the slope of the track to form a scanning plane.
The position of the first receiving target on the fixed base is adjusted up and down, so that the scanning plane can sweep the first photoelectric position sensor of the first receiving target, and the first photoelectric position sensor can capture photoelectric signals and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. And fixing the first receiving target, and taking the position of the current scanning plane as a zero point for track level irregularity measurement. The first receiving target and the fixed base thereof are detached and are arranged at the relative positions of the opposite side steel rail to be tested (the other side steel rail to be tested).
And a second receiving target and a fixing base thereof are arranged at the position of detaching the first receiving target, and the position of the second receiving target is adjusted up and down, so that the scanning plane can sweep a second photoelectric position sensor of the second receiving target, and the second photoelectric position sensor can capture optical signals and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane.
Because the position of the scanning plane emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is unchanged, the first receiving target and the second receiving target record the position of the scanning plane at the same relative position of the steel rails at two sides; when the first receiving target and the second receiving target are respectively fixed on the steel rails to be detected at two sides, scanning laser emitted by the rotatable scanning laser device can sweep the first receiving target and the second receiving target successively, and if the positions of scanning planes detected by photoelectric position sensors of the first receiving target and the second receiving target deviate, the track is indicated to have double-rail horizontal irregularity.
Optionally, the moving device is configured to drive the first receiving target and the second receiving target to move a preset distance along an extending direction of the rail to be tested under an external force, so as to measure positions of the scanning plane at different positions of the rail to be tested, so that the data processing device obtains parameters of horizontal irregularity of the rail to be tested within the preset distance according to the positions and the reference points of the scanning plane at different positions of the rail to be tested.
In the scenario where the first receiving target and the second receiving target are the same receiving target, i.e. there is only one receiving target, the specific structure of the track flatness detection system is as follows:
the rotatable laser scanning device is activated such that the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is rotationally scanned in a horizontal direction relative to the track or in a direction parallel to the slope of the track to form a scanning plane.
The position of the receiving target on the fixed base is adjusted up and down, so that the scanning plane can sweep through the photoelectric position sensor of the receiving target, and the photoelectric position sensor can capture the photoelectric signals and calculate the position of the laser scanning plane. Then, the receiving target is fixed, and the position of the current scanning plane is used as a zero point for track level irregularity measurement. The receiving target and the fixing base thereof are detached and arranged at the relative positions of the opposite side steel rail to be tested (the other side steel rail to be tested).
Since the photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable scanning laser device is a scanning plane formed by scanning on a fixed plane, when the receiving target is mounted on the opposite rail, the laser scanning plane still scans the receiving target, and if the position of the scanning plane calculated by the photoelectric position sensor on the receiving target deviates in the double rail at this time, the existence of the double-rail horizontal irregularity is indicated.
And alternately moving and fixing the receiving targets on the double tracks in the direction of the track towards the rotatable scanning laser device so as to measure the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the track and obtain the parameters of the horizontal irregularity of the steel rail within a preset distance.
The method for detecting the horizontal and the distortion irregularity of the double-track by using the laser scanning chord plane in the embodiment is similar to the method for measuring the height and the track direction of the single track. The track level and distortion detection is mainly characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of establishing a double-track detection initial plane, calibrating a zero point of a receiving target of one side track, calibrating the receiving target of the same type at the same position of the same side track twice, fixing the receiving target on the other side track, and measuring the smoothness parameter of the double tracks by using a scanning chord plane of the same far end. And then obtaining the level and distortion parameters of the double tracks through software, difference algorithm and the like.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the rails to be tested are double-sided rails, and the smoothness detection result includes a twist smoothness detection result; the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a first height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two different positions on the steel rail to be tested at any one side and a second height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at the relative positions of the any two different positions on the steel rail to be tested at the other side based on the data processing equipment; and acquiring a torsion smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the first height difference and the second height difference.
Optionally, in the case that the rail to be detected is a double-sided rail and the smoothness detection result includes a twisted smoothness detection result, an installation strategy of each element in the rail smoothness detection system is consistent with a horizontal smoothness detection method, referring specifically to fig. 4, and specific installation strategies are not repeated here.
In the torsion smoothness detection process, the height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two positions of any one rail to be detected in the preset distance is selected on the basis of measuring the horizontal smoothness of the rail, and if the height difference between the positions of the scanning planes at any two different positions relative to the rail at the other side is positive difference and negative difference, the situation that torsion irregularity (triangular pit) exists in the preset distance is indicated.
In the embodiment, the detection of the smoothness of the track in the height, the level and the distortion (triangle pits) can be completed once only by fixing the once-rotation scanning laser device, the defects of static measurement in the inertial principle smoothness measurement are effectively supplemented, a manual string pulling method is replaced to provide more accurate and reliable measurement basis for track smoothness measurement and track lifting and track lining, and meanwhile, a scanning plane is established, so that the problems that the establishment of a laser collimation string is difficult and the double-track measurement operation is complicated in the laser collimation string measurement method are effectively solved.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course may be implemented by means of hardware. Based on this understanding, the foregoing technical solution may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method described in the respective embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The track flatness detection system based on the scanning laser is characterized by comprising a rotatable laser scanning device, a receiving target and data processing equipment;
the rotatable laser scanning device is arranged on any side of a steel rail in a track in a mounting strategy corresponding to a smoothness detection mode, the receiving target is arranged on the steel rail to be tested in the track in the mounting strategy, and the receiving target and the data processing equipment are in communication connection;
the receiving target comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor face the transmitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device;
the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned by taking a set shaft as a center to form a scanning plane;
in the initial detection, the receiving target and/or the rotatable laser scanning device move under the action of external force, so that the receiving target is in a preset area, and under the condition that a photoelectric signal emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device is received, the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a datum point for smoothness detection;
the photoelectric sensor is used for receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane, and the position sensor is used for calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals;
The data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point.
2. The scanning laser based track flatness detection system of claim 1, wherein the receiving target further comprises a moving means;
the mobile device is positioned at the bottom of the receiving target;
the moving device is used for driving the receiving target to move a preset distance along the extending direction of the steel rail to be tested under the action of external force;
the receiving target is specifically used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be detected;
the data processing equipment is specifically used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected within the preset distance according to the positions of the scanning planes and the datum points at different positions of the steel rail to be detected.
3. The scanning laser-based track smoothness detection system according to claim 2, wherein in the case where said rail to be detected is a single-sided rail, said smoothness detection result includes a high-low smoothness detection result, said rotatable laser scanning device and said receiving target are vertically mounted on said rail to be detected, and said rotatable laser scanning device is spaced apart from said receiving target by a predetermined interval;
The rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are used for rotating and scanning in the relative horizontal direction of the track or the direction parallel to the slope of the track by taking a set axis as the center to form a scanning plane.
4. The scanning laser-based track smoothness detection system according to claim 2, wherein in the case where said rail to be detected is a single-sided rail, said smoothness detection result includes a rail-direction smoothness detection result, said rotatable laser scanning device and said receiving target are both horizontally installed on said rail to be detected, and said rotatable laser scanning device is spaced apart from said receiving target by a preset interval;
the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are used for rotating and scanning in the relative vertical direction of the track by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane.
5. The scanning laser-based track smoothness detection system according to claim 2, wherein in the case where said rail to be detected is a double-sided rail, said smoothness detection result includes a horizontal smoothness detection result, said receiving targets include a first receiving target and a second receiving target;
The rotatable laser scanning device and the second receiving target are vertically arranged on the steel rail to be tested at any side, and the rotatable laser scanning device is spaced from the second receiving target by a preset interval;
the first receiving target is vertically arranged on the steel rail to be tested on the other side;
the rotatable laser scanning device is used for emitting photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are rotated and scanned in the relative horizontal direction of the track or in the direction parallel to the slope of the track by taking a set shaft as the center to form a scanning plane;
the second receiving target is used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane in the second receiving target on the steel rail to be tested on any side;
the first receiving target is used for acquiring the position of the scanning plane on the other side of the steel rail to be detected in the first receiving target;
the data processing equipment is specifically used for acquiring a horizontal smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning plane in the first receiving target and the second receiving target and the datum point;
wherein the calibration points and the calibration patterns of the first receiving target and the second receiving target, and the relative mounting positions on the track are consistent.
6. The scanning laser-based track flatness detection system of claim 5, wherein in case the rail to be detected is a double sided rail, the smoothness detection result includes a twist flatness detection result, the data processing device is configured to obtain the twist flatness detection result of the rail to be detected according to a first height difference between positions of the scanning plane at any two different positions on the rail to be detected on either side and a second height difference between positions of the scanning plane at a relative position of the any two different positions on the rail to be detected on the other side.
7. The scanning laser based track flatness detection system of any of claims 1-6, wherein an adjustment platform is mounted at the bottom of the rotatable laser scanning device;
the adjusting platform is used for monitoring the inclination angle of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device and adjusting the level of the scanning plane of the rotatable laser scanning device according to the inclination angle.
8. The scanning laser based track flatness detection system of any of claims 1-6, wherein the rotatable laser scanning device is mounted on the either side rail by a first stationary mount;
The receiving target is arranged on the steel rail to be tested through a second fixed base.
9. A detection method based on the scanning laser-based track flatness detection system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising:
based on an installation strategy corresponding to a smoothness detection mode, installing a rotatable laser scanning device on a steel rail at any side in a track, and installing a receiving target on a steel rail to be detected in the track; the receiving target comprises a photoelectric sensor and a position sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor face the transmitting end of the rotatable laser scanning device;
starting the rotatable laser scanning device to enable the rotatable laser scanning device to emit photoelectric signals, and enabling the photoelectric signals to perform rotary scanning by taking a set axis as a center to form a scanning plane;
when initial detection is carried out, the receiving target and/or the rotatable laser scanning device are moved, and the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target is used as a datum point for smoothness detection under the condition that photoelectric signals emitted by the rotatable laser scanning device are received in a preset area of the receiving target;
receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric sensor, and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target according to the photoelectric signals based on the position sensor;
And based on data processing equipment, acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point.
10. The method of detecting according to claim 9, wherein the receiving photoelectric signals in the scanning plane based on the photoelectric sensor and calculating the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target based on the position sensor from the photoelectric signals includes:
moving a moving device along the extending direction of the steel rail to be detected by a preset distance so as to drive the receiving target to move along the steel rail to be detected;
in the moving process, measuring the position of the scanning plane at different positions of the steel rail to be measured based on the photoelectric sensor and the position sensor;
the data processing equipment is used for acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the position of the scanning plane in the receiving target and the datum point, and comprises the following steps:
and acquiring a smoothness detection result of the steel rail to be detected according to the positions of the scanning planes at different positions of the steel rail to be detected and the datum points based on the data processing equipment.
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