CN114804911A - Preparation method of porous ceramic grinding wheel - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous ceramic grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114804911A CN114804911A CN202110125293.6A CN202110125293A CN114804911A CN 114804911 A CN114804911 A CN 114804911A CN 202110125293 A CN202110125293 A CN 202110125293A CN 114804911 A CN114804911 A CN 114804911A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical group [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007578 melt-quenching technique Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/067—Macromolecular compounds
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
- C04B35/5831—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride based on cubic boron nitrides or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/068—Carbonaceous materials, e.g. coal, carbon, graphite, hydrocarbons
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a porous ceramic grinding wheel, which comprises the steps of raw material preparation, pore-forming agent pretreatment, modified solution preparation, pore-forming agent modification and grinding wheel preparation, wherein the raw material preparation step comprises the steps of providing ceramic bond powder and modified raw materials, and the molar ratio of silicon, boron and aluminum elements in the ceramic bond powder is the same as that of the silicon, boron and aluminum elements in the modified raw materials. According to the preparation method, the pore-forming agent is modified, so that the problems of layering of the pore-forming agent and the like caused by the quality difference between the pore-forming agent and the superhard abrasive powder due to the adoption of a three-dimensional mixer or ball milling and other processes are solved, the raw materials of the ceramic grinding wheel are mixed more uniformly, the pores on the porous ceramic grinding wheel prepared from the ceramic grinding wheel mixture are distributed uniformly, and the wear ratio and the service life of the porous ceramic grinding wheel are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of application and processing of superhard materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a porous ceramic grinding wheel.
Background
The grinding wheel comprises three elements, namely grinding materials, a bonding agent and air holes, and is mainly prepared by uniformly mixing the grinding materials, the bonding agent and other raw materials and then performing pressing and sintering treatment. The air holes are important structural characteristics of the grinding wheel, and the ceramic grinding wheel has good functions of chip containing, chip removal, heat dissipation, cooling and the like due to the unique open air hole structure, so that the ceramic grinding wheel is widely applied. Because the pores naturally formed by sintering the ceramic grinding wheel are generally not more than 0.02 mm, the pores are limited and cannot provide enough space to accommodate larger metal cutting scraps, the pore-forming method is widely applied to the ceramic grinding wheel.
At present, the ceramic grinding wheel has two main pore-forming modes, one mode is to utilize the proportion of the granularity of powder in a formula to form pores, and the other mode is to add a pore-forming agent and has been widely researched and reported. In the grinding tool for fine grinding and high precision, because the powder is smaller, the difficulty of pore forming by particles is higher. Therefore, the addition of the pore-forming agent is a proper pore-forming method for the ceramic grinding wheel, but the grinding wheel prepared by the method has the problems of uneven pore distribution and the like, thereby influencing the service life of the porous ceramic grinding wheel.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing a porous ceramic grinding wheel, so as to solve the above problems.
The preparation method of the porous ceramic grinding wheel provided by the invention mainly adopts a modification substance with the same effective component as ceramic bond powder to modify the pore-forming agent, so as to improve the quality of the pore-forming agent particles, reduce or avoid the problem that the pore-forming agent is layered in the subsequent mixing process with ceramic bond, superhard grinding material and the like, and further ensure that pores on the grinding wheel are uniformly distributed. Specifically, the preparation method of the porous ceramic grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
raw material preparation A ceramic bond powder, a pore-forming agent, a modified raw material and a superhard abrasive are provided, wherein the ceramic bond powder comprises silicon dioxide (SiO) 2 ) Borax and aluminium oxide (Al) 2 O 3 ) The modified raw materials comprise ethyl orthosilicate, boric acid and aluminum nitrate, wherein the ceramicThe molar ratio of the silicon, boron and aluminum elements in the bonding agent powder is the same as that of the silicon, boron and aluminum elements in the modified raw material;
the pore-forming agent pretreatment is to uniformly mix the pore-forming agent, ethyl orthosilicate and an anhydrous organic solvent to form a pore-forming suspension, wherein the anhydrous organic solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, absolute ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene oxide, triethanolamine or any combination thereof;
the preparation of the modified solution is that aluminum nitrate, boric acid, water and an organic solvent are uniformly mixed to form the modified solution;
modifying the pore-forming agent, slowly adding the modified solution into the pore-forming suspension under the stirring effect, and stirring at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until modified sol is formed to obtain a modified sol pore-forming agent; sequentially separating and drying the modified sol pore-forming agent to obtain modified pore-forming agent powder, wherein the modified pore-forming agent powder consists of the pore-forming agent and a modified layer coated on the surface of the pore-forming agent;
and in the preparation of the grinding wheel, the modified pore-forming agent powder, the ceramic bond powder and the superhard grinding material are uniformly mixed, and then are subjected to pressing sintering treatment and polishing treatment to obtain the porous ceramic grinding wheel.
The steps of the pore-forming agent pretreatment and the steps of the modified solution preparation can be carried out in an interchangeable order, that is, the two steps are not separated in sequence in the specific implementation process and can be carried out simultaneously.
Based on the above, the pore-forming agent pretreatment step includes: under the action of ultrasonic stirring, firstly adding the pore-forming agent into the anhydrous organic solvent, and then sequentially adding a surfactant, ethyl orthosilicate, a suspending agent and a pH regulator to obtain a pore-forming suspension, wherein the pH of the pore-forming suspension is 2-4; the addition amount of the surfactant is 0.2-1% of the mass of the pore-forming agent, and the addition amount of the suspending agent is 0.3-1% of the mass of the pore-forming agent.
Wherein the pore-forming agent is one or more of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), hollow alumina balls, ammonium bicarbonate, coke and wood powder. The particle size of the pore-forming agent is 5-300 mu m. The surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, tween, span, titanate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like. The suspending agent is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene oxide, triethanolamine and the like. The pH regulator is acidic substance such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid.
Based on the above, the preparation of the modification solution comprises the steps of: the preparation method of the modified solution comprises the following steps: dissolving aluminum nitrate and boric acid in water, and adding the organic solvent to uniformly mix to form the modified solution, wherein the molar ratio of the added water to the tetraethoxysilane is 5-10: 1, and the organic solvent is ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene oxide, triethanolamine or any combination thereof.
Based on the above, the ceramic bond powder is prepared by a melt quenching method, and further comprises an alkali metal oxide; the modified raw material also comprises alkali metal nitrate corresponding to the alkali metal oxide, wherein the alkali metal oxide is potassium oxide (K) 2 O), sodium oxide (Na) 2 O) and lithium oxide (Li) 2 O) or a combination of several of O); the modifier solution also comprises the alkali metal nitrate, wherein the alkali metal nitrate is one or a combination of more of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate; the molar ratio of the silicon, boron, aluminum and alkali metal elements in the modification solution is the same as the molar ratio of the silicon, boron, aluminum and alkali metal elements in the ceramic bond powder. Preferably, the molar ratio of aluminum nitrate to boric acid, sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate and ethyl orthosilicate in the modification raw materials is 1.5-2: 2-2.5: 1-1.5: 0.5-1: 2.7-3.
Wherein, the ceramic bond powder commonly used for preparing the porous ceramic grinding wheel at present mainly comprises Al 2 O 3 Borax and SiO 2 Prepared by a high-temperature melt quenching method, preferably, the ceramic bond powder mainly consists of Al 2 O 3 Borax, SiO 2 、K 2 CO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 And Li 2 CO 3 The high-temperature melt quenching water is prepared by a high-temperature melt quenching water method, and more preferably, the high temperature of the high-temperature melt quenching water method is 1250-1450 ℃.
Based on the above, the modifier solution further comprises polyethylene glycol 200 to increase the solubility of nitrate therein.
Based on the above, the pore-forming agent modification step includes: and slowly adding the modified solution into the pore-forming suspension, and keeping the temperature and stirring for 3-30 min. The heat preservation stirring time is related to the thickness of a modification layer on the surface of a pore-forming agent in the modified pore-forming agent powder, and the longer the heat preservation stirring time is, the thicker the thickness of the modification layer is; the shorter the heat preservation stirring time is, the shorter the thickness of the modified layer is, so that the heat preservation stirring time is limited to 3-30 min. In fact, as long as a modified layer is formed on the surface of the pore-forming agent particles, the problem of delamination of the pore-forming agent in the subsequent mixing process with the ceramic bond, the superabrasive and the like can be reduced or avoided, so the thickness of the modified layer is not limited in the invention, and in consideration of time and cost, preferably, only a thin modified layer is formed on the surface of the pore-forming agent, so the heat preservation stirring time is preferably 3-10 min, and at the moment, because the modified layer formed on the pore-forming agent is very thin, the mass of the modified layer formed on the pore-forming agent can be ignored relative to the total mass of the subsequent ceramic grinding wheel mixture. In addition, the modified layer is sintered at high temperature in the subsequent grinding wheel preparation process, and the composition of the modified layer is basically the same as that of adopted ceramic bond powder.
Based on the above, the grinding wheel preparation steps include: the grinding wheel preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the modified pore-forming agent powder, the ceramic bond powder and the superhard abrasive in a three-dimensional mixer or a ball mill to prepare a ceramic grinding wheel mixture; then, cold press molding is carried out to obtain a pressed green body; then sintering the pressed green body at 550-700 ℃ to obtain a porous ceramic grinding wheel green body; and carrying out cylindrical grinding treatment and plane grinding treatment on the porous ceramic grinding wheel blank to obtain the porous ceramic grinding wheel.
Based on the above, the superabrasive is diamond or cubic boron nitride.
The preparation method of the porous ceramic grinding wheel provided by the invention mainly converts alumina, silica and sodium borate in commonly used ceramic bond powder into aluminum nitrate, ethyl orthosilicate and boric acid with equal molar ratio respectively, and converts compounds containing elements such as potassium, sodium, lithium and the like into corresponding nitrates with equal molar ratio respectively; and modifying a commonly used pore-forming agent by using substances such as aluminum nitrate, ethyl orthosilicate, boric acid, alkali metal nitrate and the like to form a pore-forming agent containing a bonding agent, so that the mass of a single pore-forming agent particle is increased, and the problem of layering of the pore-forming agent in the subsequent mixing process of the pore-forming agent, ceramic bonding agent powder, superhard abrasive and the like is reduced or avoided.
Therefore, in the preparation method of the porous ceramic grinding wheel, the tetraethoxysilane is easy to hydrolyze in water to separate the tetraethoxysilane from other modified raw materials, the tetraethoxysilane and the pore-forming agent are firstly dissolved in an anhydrous organic solvent to form pore-forming suspension, meanwhile, the modified raw materials such as aluminum nitrate, boric acid and alkali metal nitrate are dissolved in water and an organic solvent to form modified solution, and then the modified solution is slowly added into the pore-forming suspension to slow down the reaction speed of the tetraethoxysilane and the water and form sol solution, so that the generation of silicon dioxide precipitate is avoided. In the process of forming the sol solution, aluminum nitrate, boric acid, alkali metal nitrate and the like can be uniformly dispersed in the sol, so that the modification of a common pore-forming agent is realized, the quality of a single modified pore-forming agent particle in modified pore-forming agent powder is close to the quality of a single ceramic bond particle or a single superhard abrasive particle, the problems of layering of the pore-forming agent and the like caused by the quality difference between the pore-forming agent and the powder of the ceramic bond and the superhard abrasive are reduced or avoided, and the raw materials of the ceramic grinding wheel are mixed more uniformly, so that pores on the porous ceramic grinding wheel prepared by the ceramic grinding wheel mixture are uniformly distributed, and the wear ratio and the service life of the porous ceramic grinding wheel are improved.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the porous ceramic grinding wheel provided by the invention can be used for mixing the raw materials of the porous ceramic grinding wheel by adopting a three-dimensional mixer or a ball mill and other mechanical modes, replaces the existing manual labor, is favorable for saving the labor cost and is also favorable for improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a porous ceramic grinding wheel prepared by the preparation method provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example one
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a porous ceramic grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
Providing 453g of ceramic bond powder, 453g of PMMA, 453g of modified raw material and 179.87g of diamond abrasive;
wherein the ceramic bond powder comprises SiO 2 Borax, Al 2 O 3 、K 2 O、Na 2 O and Li 2 O and made of 59.45 g Al 2 O 3 、23.08 g K 2 CO 3 、6.18 g Na 2 CO 3 183.98 g of borax, 166.16 g of SiO 2 And 28.32 g Li 2 CO 3 Melt-quenching at 1350 deg.C;
453g of PMMA is prepared by uniformly mixing PMMA with the particle sizes of 250 mu m, 125 mu m, 60 mu m and 25 mu m according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1: 1;
the modified raw materials comprise 71.99 g of tetraethoxysilane and 343.39 g of Al (NO) 3 )、4.22 g KNO 3 、11.5 g NaNO 3 、14.91 g H 3 BO 3 And 6.6 g LiNO 3 。
(2) Pore former pretreatment
The 453g of PMMA is subjected to ultrasonic treatment in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 min, and then sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounting for 0.7 percent of the mass of the PMMA is added for ultrasonic treatment. And then adding 71.99 g of tetraethoxysilane, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding polyethylene glycol with the mass of 0.5% of that of the PMMA in the stirring process to uniformly mix and suspend PMMA particles and tetraethoxysilane in absolute ethyl alcohol to form pore-forming suspension, and adjusting the pH value of the pore-forming suspension to about 3 by using nitric acid and ammonia water.
(3) Preparation of modified solution
Dissolving all the modified raw materials except the tetraethoxysilane in 125 mL of water, adding 125 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, and simultaneously adding a small amount of polyethylene glycol 200 to ensure that inorganic salt is completely and easily dissolved in the water and the absolute ethyl alcohol to form a modified solution.
(4) Modification of pore-forming agents
And slowly adding the modified solution into the pore-forming suspension, keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ and stirring for 5 min, and forming a layer of modified sol on the surface of the pore-forming agent PMMA particles. And separating the modified pore-forming agent from the sol by adopting a centrifuge, and drying the separated modified pore-forming agent in an oven at about 80 ℃ to obtain dry modified pore-forming agent powder, wherein the modified pore-forming agent powder consists of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) particles and a modified layer coated on the surfaces of the PMMA particles.
(5) Grinding wheel preparation
Mixing the dried modified pore-forming agent prepared in the step (3) with 179.87g of diamond grinding material and 453g of ceramic bonding agent powder in a three-dimensional mixer to prepare a ceramic grinding wheel mixture; then pressing the ceramic grinding wheel mixture into a green body by adopting a cold pressing forming method, and sintering the ceramic grinding wheel mixture in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 620-650 ℃ to obtain a diamond porous ceramic grinding wheel green body; and carrying out post-treatment such as cylindrical grinding treatment, plane grinding treatment and the like on the diamond porous ceramic grinding wheel blank to obtain the diamond porous ceramic grinding wheel, as shown in figure 1.
Example two
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a porous ceramic grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation
The raw material prepared in this step is substantially the same as the step of "(1) raw material preparation" corresponding to the example, and the main difference is that: this example provides 347 g of a ceramic bond, and the composition of the ceramic bond is the same as that provided in the first example; 90.87 g of coke is used as a pore-forming agent and is prepared by uniformly mixing coke particles with the particle sizes of 400 microns, 250 microns and 125 microns according to the proportion of 2:1: 1; the super-hard abrasive is 180.12 g of cubic boron nitride abrasive; the other steps are the same as the corresponding steps in the embodiment.
(2) Pore former pretreatment
This step is essentially the same as the corresponding "(2) pore former pretreatment" step of the example, with the main differences being: in the embodiment, 90.87 g of coke is used as a pore-forming agent in the step, and the addition amount of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 0.4% of the mass of the coke; the suspending agent is polyvinyl alcohol; adjusting the pH value of the prepared pore-forming suspension to about 3.5; the other steps are the same as the corresponding steps in the embodiment.
(3) Preparation of modified solution
This procedure is essentially the same as the procedure for "(3) preparation of modified solution" corresponding to example, with the main difference that: in this example, all the modified raw materials except for tetraethoxysilane were dissolved in 125 mL of water and 100 mL of absolute ethanol was added and mixed uniformly; the other steps are the same as the corresponding steps in the embodiment.
(4) Modification of pore-forming agents
This step is essentially the same as the "(4) pore former modification" step corresponding to example one, with the main difference being that: in the embodiment, the temperature of the heat preservation and the stirring is 90 ℃; the other steps are the same as the corresponding steps in the embodiment.
(5) Grinding wheel preparation
This procedure is essentially the same as the procedure for "(5) wheel preparation" corresponding to example, with the main difference that: in this example, 180.12 g of cubic boron nitride particles are used as a superhard abrasive, and mixed with the dried modified pore-forming agent prepared in step (3) of this example and 347 g of ceramic bond in a three-dimensional mixer; the muffle furnace sintering temperature in the embodiment is 580-610 ℃; the other steps are the same as the corresponding steps in the embodiment.
Performance verification test
1. Test object porous ceramic grinding wheels were respectively manufactured in examples 1 and 2, and in comparative examples 1 and 2.
The preparation method of the porous ceramic grinding wheel provided in comparative example 1 comprises the following steps: mixing 453g of PMMA, 453g of ceramic bonding agent and 179.87g of diamond grinding material in a three-dimensional mixer to prepare a ceramic grinding wheel mixture, wherein the composition of the pore-forming agent PMMA is the same as that of the pore-forming agent PMMA provided in the first embodiment; the diamond porous ceramic grinding wheel provided in comparative example 1 was then prepared by press sintering and post-treatment processes according to the one step "(4) grinding wheel preparation" of example.
The method for manufacturing the porous vitrified grinding wheel provided in comparative example 2 includes: 90.87 g of coke, 347 g of ceramic bond and 180.12 g of cubic boron nitride abrasive are mixed in a three-dimensional mixer to prepare a ceramic grinding wheel mixture, wherein the composition of the pore-forming agent coke is the same as that of the pore-forming agent coke provided in the second embodiment; then, the press sintering and post-treatment processes of the two steps "(4) grinding wheel preparation" of example were referred to prepare a cubic boron nitride porous ceramic grinding wheel as provided in comparative example 2.
2. Test conditions the test subjects were subjected to life and wear ratio tests with reference to JBT3235-199950, and the test data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 data sheet for the properties of porous ceramic grinding wheels
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a porous ceramic grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
preparing raw materials to provide ceramic bond powder, a pore-forming agent, a modified raw material and a superhard abrasive, wherein the ceramic bond powder comprises silicon dioxide, borax and aluminum oxide, the modified raw material comprises tetraethoxysilane, boric acid and aluminum nitrate, and the molar ratio of silicon, boron and aluminum elements in the ceramic bond powder is the same as that of the silicon, boron and aluminum elements in the modified raw material;
the pore-forming agent pretreatment is to uniformly mix the pore-forming agent, ethyl orthosilicate and an anhydrous organic solvent to form a pore-forming suspension, wherein the anhydrous organic solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, absolute ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene oxide, triethanolamine or any combination thereof;
the preparation of the modified solution is that aluminum nitrate, boric acid, water and an organic solvent are uniformly mixed to form the modified solution;
modifying the pore-forming agent, slowly adding the modified solution into the pore-forming suspension under the stirring effect, and stirring at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until modified sol is formed to obtain a modified sol pore-forming agent; sequentially separating and drying the modified sol pore-forming agent to obtain modified pore-forming agent powder, wherein the modified pore-forming agent powder consists of the pore-forming agent and a modified layer coated on the surface of the pore-forming agent;
and (3) uniformly mixing the modified pore-forming agent powder, the ceramic bond powder and the superhard abrasive, and then performing pressing sintering treatment and polishing treatment to obtain the porous ceramic grinding wheel.
2. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pore-forming agent pretreatment step comprises the following steps: under the action of ultrasonic stirring, firstly adding the pore-forming agent into the anhydrous organic solvent, and then sequentially adding a surfactant, ethyl orthosilicate, a suspending agent and a pH regulator to obtain a pore-forming suspension, wherein the pH of the pore-forming suspension is 2-4; the addition amount of the surfactant is 0.2-1% of the mass of the pore-forming agent, and the addition amount of the suspending agent is 0.3-1% of the mass of the pore-forming agent.
3. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pore-forming agent is one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, hollow alumina balls, ammonium bicarbonate, coke and wood powder, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 5-300 mu m.
4. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, tween, span, titanate or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
5. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 4, characterized in that: the suspending agent is polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
6. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the modified solution comprises the following steps: dissolving aluminum nitrate and boric acid in water, and adding the organic solvent to uniformly mix to form the modified solution, wherein the molar ratio of the added water to the tetraethoxysilane is 5-10: 1, and the organic solvent is ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene oxide, triethanolamine or any combination thereof.
7. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 6, characterized in that: the ceramic bond powder is prepared by a high-temperature melting quenching method and also comprises an alkali metal oxide, wherein the alkali metal oxide is one or a combination of more of potassium oxide, sodium oxide and lithium oxide; the modified raw material also comprises an alkali metal nitrate corresponding to the alkali metal oxide, wherein the alkali metal nitrate is one or a combination of more of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate; the modifier solution also comprises the alkali metal nitrate, and the molar ratio of the silicon, the boron, the aluminum and the alkali metal elements in the modifier solution is the same as that of the silicon, the boron, the aluminum and the alkali metal elements in the ceramic bond powder.
8. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 7, characterized in that: the modifier solution also comprises polyethylene glycol 200.
9. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the grinding wheel preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the modified pore-forming agent powder, the ceramic bond powder and the superhard abrasive in a three-dimensional mixer or a ball mill to prepare a ceramic grinding wheel mixture; then, cold press molding is carried out to obtain a pressed green body; then sintering the pressed green body at 550-700 ℃ to obtain a porous ceramic grinding wheel green body; and carrying out cylindrical grinding treatment and plane grinding treatment on the porous ceramic grinding wheel blank to obtain the porous ceramic grinding wheel.
10. The method for manufacturing a porous ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the super-hard abrasive is diamond or cubic boron nitride.
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