CN114799359B - Gear shaping processing technology for small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear - Google Patents
Gear shaping processing technology for small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799359B CN114799359B CN202210635281.2A CN202210635281A CN114799359B CN 114799359 B CN114799359 B CN 114799359B CN 202210635281 A CN202210635281 A CN 202210635281A CN 114799359 B CN114799359 B CN 114799359B
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- 238000010862 gear shaping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing processing technology comprises the steps of material preparation, rough turning, heat treatment, primary finish turning, tooth-planing, secondary finish turning, bench workers and surface treatment. During primary polishing, the radial boss process head is manufactured by finish turning of a workpiece, and the coaxial axial compression and the fixed clamping of the workpiece on a special fixture are realized by combining an axial screw gland, so that the gear shaping processing of the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear is realized, and after the gear shaping processing is finished, the manufactured radial boss process head is cut off, so that the required small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear can be obtained. The invention adopts simple structural improvement to solve the problem that the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear cannot be subjected to gear shaping processing; the clamping is firm, the workpiece is convenient to assemble and take, and the special tool clamp is simple and convenient to process; the product qualification rate is high; realize the processing and manufacturing of the bevel gears which can not be axially pressed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machining, and particularly relates to a small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth planing process.
Background
In the production process, the processing method of the straight bevel gear mainly comprises gear shaping, gear milling and the like, but the bevel gear with high precision requirement still adopts gear shaping processing at present.
A gear shaper is a metal cutting machine, which uses a special cutter gear shaper to machine the tooth shape of a straight bevel gear. During machining, the upper and lower tool holders of the gear shaper make linear reciprocating cutting motions, the whole tool holder is arranged on the cradle and swings at a certain angle along with the cradle, and the generating motions are formed together with the forward and reverse rotation motions of the workpiece at corresponding angles. During the cutting process, the envelope of the sequential positions of the cutting edges of the gear shaper cutter forms a standard involute profile. The cradle swings up and down once in a reciprocating way, so that the cutting motion of one tooth is completed, at the moment, a workpiece exits along with the saddle, rotates for dividing the tooth by a certain angle, then the saddle enters into the working position again, and the cutting of the second tooth is started; and automatically stopping the machine tool after all teeth are circularly cut.
The shapes of straight bevel gears commonly seen in our production mainly include through hole disc type and shaft type. Under the prior art, aiming at the processing technology of the through hole disc type straight tooth conical gear part, the processing technology is generally as follows: preparing materials, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, gear shaping, bench engineering and surface treatment. In the finish turning process, only the dimensional tolerance of the through hole in the machined through hole disc-like straight tooth conical gear part and the perpendicularity tolerance of the adjacent end surfaces are required to meet the design requirement; then, the element is used as a positioning reference for gear shaping. After the fluted disc is concentrically and axially pressed by the corresponding gear shaping mandrel tool, the gear shaping of the fluted disc on the gear shaping machine can be finished. The structure of the through hole disc straight tooth conical gear is shown in fig. 1, wherein: the through hole 5 and the end face in the workpiece 4 are in small clearance fit with the corresponding shaft on the mandrel 6, the external thread of the mandrel 6 is screwed through the nut 7, and the workpiece 4 is concentrically pressed and fixed on the positioning end face of the mandrel 6, so that the axial pressing and fixing of the workpiece 1 are realized; and then the mandrel 6 is put onAnd clamping the M10 screw rod part and the gear shaper spindle in a matched manner, so that gear shaping processing is realized. Therefore, the workpieces are all axially pressed by the inner through holes to clamp and position the datum no matter the specifications and sizes, so that the workpieces are very common in design and are convenient to clamp and position on a machine tool in production.
However, for the gear shaping processing of the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece required by the process shown in fig. 2, the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece is usually common in motor connection, and the gear workpiece is characterized by small modulus, small size, and the reference hole is a blind hole, so that the mandrel cannot extend out of the blind hole, the workpiece cannot be axially pressed by using a nut, the conventional axial pressing clamping cannot be adopted, the gear shaping processing cannot be realized, and other processing modes are adopted, so that the qualification rate of parts is extremely low. Therefore, in order to finish the tooth-shaped processing of the workpieces, firstly, how to realize the clamping and positioning of the gear workpiece on a gear shaping machine is considered; in this regard, with reference to the conventional bevel gear processing technology, the following improvement technical scheme is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process solves the technical problem that the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process cannot be concentrically and axially pressed and fixed on an existing tooth-planing machine, and the tooth-planing process cannot be completed.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing processing technology comprises the steps of material preparation, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, tooth-planing, bench engineering and surface treatment, wherein the steps of finish turning and tooth-planing comprise the following steps:
s1, fine turning for the first time: finish turning is carried out on the outer cylindrical surface of the tail end of the small-size blind hole and the small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece blind hole to manufacture a radial boss process head; concentrically positioning a workpiece on a special fixture for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear by using the workpiece blind hole; and the radial boss process head of the workpiece is axially pressed by an axial screw gland arranged in the special tool fixture for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear, so that the concentric axial pressing and fixing clamping of the workpiece on the special tool fixture for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear is realized.
S2, tooth planing: and (5) machining the straight tooth and the bevel tooth profile of the workpiece by using the gear shaping.
S3, fine turning for the second time: and (5) finely turning to remove the radial boss process head manufactured by the first fine turning of the workpiece.
The special fixture for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear consists of an axial screw gland and a mandrel; the mandrel is sequentially and concentrically provided with a first screw rod, a first optical axis, a second screw rod and a second optical axis from back to front; the first screw rod and the first optical axis are used for coaxially fixing and clamping the special fixture on the gear shaper; the second screw rod is concentrically screwed and is connected with the axial screw gland in a proper way; the second optical axis is connected with the blind hole of the workpiece in concentric interference fit; an axial step through hole is concentrically formed in the center of the axial screw gland cover body; the rear end of the axial step through hole is provided with a fine tooth internal thread; the fine tooth internal thread is screwed and is connected with the second screw rod in a proper matching way; the front end of the axial step through hole is provided with a step vertical compression end surface; the vertical pressing end face of the step is perpendicular to the central line of the mandrel, and is attached to the vertical end face of the outer ring of the process head of the radial boss of the proper matched pressing workpiece; and simultaneously, the cone structure at the front end of the workpiece extends out from the front end of the axial screw gland to be processed.
In the above technical solution, further: the diameter phi of the blind hole of the workpiece is less than or equal to 5mm; the axial length of the blind hole of the workpiece is less than or equal to 8mm.
In the above technical solution, further: the vertical end surfaces of the outer rings of the blind holes and the radial boss process heads are machined in the same time in the step S1 and the first polishing, and the dimensional tolerance of the blind holes is achievedThe perpendicularity between the center line of the blind hole and the vertical end face of the outer ring of the radial boss process head is 0.012.
In the above technical solution, further: s1, performing primary finish turning, namely turning around and finish turning the cone structure of the workpiece and the outer vertical end face of the shaft end of the cone structure by taking the processed blind holes and the vertical end faces of the outer ring as references; and the runout of the cone structure and the outer vertical end surface of the cone structure is less than or equal to 0.012; and the axial dimension L of the tip end of the cone structure tooth top circle from the vertical end face of the outer ring of the radial boss process head is enlarged by 1.2-3 mm compared with the standard dimension.
In the above technical solution, further: the outer diameter of the radial boss process head is 2-3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the tip circle of the workpiece cone structure.
In the above technical solution, further: the fine internal thread is M10×1.25 fine thread; the first screw is an M10 screw.
In the above technical solution, further: and step S3, during the second polishing, the linear cutting or cutting-off knife is selected to cut off to finish the removal of the radial boss process head of the workpiece.
In the above technical solution, further: when a cutting knife is selected for cutting, clamping the excircle and the end face of the workpiece by using a claw, and aligning the excircle and the conical structure tooth end face of the workpiece by using a dial indicator, so as to prevent the perpendicularity between the cutting end face of the workpiece and a blind hole of the workpiece from exceeding when the workpiece is cut; and after the cutting knife cuts off the radial boss process head, the cutting knife is used for finishing the cutting end face of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the invention, when the first precision machining is performed, the vertical end surfaces of the outer rings of the blind holes and the radial boss process heads are machined in the same time in the step S1, so that the dimensional tolerance and the perpendicularity form and position tolerance are effectively ensured, a reference is laid for the subsequent gear shaping machining, and the gear shaping machining precision and qualification rate requirements are met.
2. According to the invention, the radial boss process head is processed and manufactured on the workpiece, and the axial compression positioning reference is added, so that the clamping and positioning problem of the workpiece on the gear shaper is solved; the positioning area is increased, and the clamping is firm.
3. The axial dimension L of the tip end of the cone structure tooth top circle of the invention away from the vertical end face of the outer ring of the radial boss process head is enlarged by 1.2-3 mm compared with the standard dimension; the outer diameter of the process head of the cooperative radial boss is 2-3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the addendum circle of the workpiece cone structure; the interference between the cone top angle of the cone structure of 14 degrees 58 '52' and the axial angle of the gear shaping machine tool during gear shaping is effectively avoided, and the machining is smoothly carried out.
4. According to the special fixture, the second optical axis and the blind hole which are arranged at the front end of the mandrel only have coaxial positioning function during processing; the stress surface of the gear shaping processing is changed into a step vertical compression end surface of the axial screw gland and a radial boss process head of the workpiece, so that the second optical axis of the small-size structure is not stressed, and the problem of mandrel fracture in the special tool clamp during the gear shaping processing is effectively avoided.
5. The clamping method is firm, the workpiece is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the required special tool clamp is simple in structure, simple and convenient to process, economical and practical.
6. The invention adopts the mode of adding the process head and axially compacting the gland to realize the gear shaping processing of the small-size blind hole small-module gear workpiece, the workpiece is tightly matched with the tool, the stressed contact area is increased, and the clamping is reliable; the workpiece is tightly pressed by threads, so that the workpiece is convenient to clamp; the phenomena of tremble, poor tooth finish and the like generated in the pinion gear shaping process are reduced; through production practice, the detection of the processed products shows that the number of teeth of each parameter of the bevel gear part meets the requirement, the product quality is greatly improved, and the product qualification rate is remarkably improved; the positioning device is also suitable for positioning similar blind holes, but the small end face of the bevel gear cannot be axially pressed to machine and manufacture similar workpieces, so that the utilization rate of the machine tool is effectively improved, a consultable machining thought is provided for manufacturers, a new market is widened for enterprises, and the positioning device is suitable for popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional through-hole disc-like straight bevel gear clamping;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a process construction of a small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece to be processed according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radial boss process head after finish turning of the workpiece;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the invention after machining a radial boss process head and before clamping the workpiece with a special tooling fixture;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail view of the axial screw gland in the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear special fixture of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the combined clamping state of the tooling fixture special for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a state diagram of a workpiece cut by a selected cutting blade;
in the figure: 1-a workpiece, 101-a blind hole, 102-a radial boss process head, 1021-an outer circular vertical end face; 103-cone structure; 2-a special fixture for a blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear with small size; 2-1 axial screw gland, 2-101 axial step through hole, 2-102 fine tooth internal screw thread, 2-103 step vertical compression end face; 2-2 mandrel, 2-201 first screw, 2-202 first optical axis, 2-203 second screw, 2-204 second optical axis; 3-a cutting knife.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 2 to 8 of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing processing technology comprises the steps of material preparation, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, tooth-planing, bench engineering and surface treatment.
It should be noted (as shown in fig. 2) that: the diameter phi of the blind hole 101 of the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece 1 to be processed is less than or equal to 5mm; the axial length of the blind hole 101 of the workpiece 1 is less than or equal to 8mm, namely the workpiece 1 refers to a small-size blind hole straight bevel gear workpiece.
The improvement of the invention is that: the fine turning and gear shaping step comprises the following steps of (as shown in fig. 3), step S1, fine turning for the first time: and (3) finish turning the outer cylindrical surface of the tail end of the blind hole 101 of the small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece 1 to manufacture a radial boss process head 102.
The problem that the existing workpiece 1 cannot be axially pressed and fixed is solved by adding the radial boss process head 102, so that the workpiece 1 is clamped and fixed in a traditional mode, and tooth profile machining of the blind hole workpiece 1 is realized.
Specifically, the radial boss process head 102 has dimensions of φ 7.8X1.5. The size of the blind hole 101 of the workpiece is
Therefore, the radial boss process head 102 is processed and manufactured on the workpiece 1, and the axial compression positioning reference is added, so that the clamping and positioning problem of the workpiece 1 on the gear shaper is solved; the positioning area is increased, and the clamping is firm.
When in use, the utility model is characterized in that: and (3) using the blind hole 101 of the workpiece 1 to concentrically position the workpiece 1 on the special tool fixture 2 for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear.
And the radial boss process head 102 of the workpiece 1 is axially pressed by using an axial screw gland 2-1 arranged in the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear special fixture 2, so that concentric axial pressing and fixing clamping of the workpiece 1 on the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear special fixture 2 is realized.
In the above embodiment, further: step S1, the first finish turning further comprises turning around and finish turning the cone structure 103 of the workpiece 1 and the outer vertical end surface 1031 of the shaft end of the cone structure 103 by taking the processed blind hole 101 and the outer vertical end surface 1021 of the outer circle as references.
And the runout of the cone structure 103 and the outer vertical end surface 1031 is less than or equal to 0.012. The taper of the cone structure 103 is 14 deg. 58'52 ".
And in order to avoid the problem that the cone apex angle 14 degrees 58 '52' interferes with the axial angle of the gear shaper during the gear shaping process: the axial dimension L of the tip end of the tip circle of the cone structure 103, which is away from the vertical end surface 1021 of the outer ring of the radial boss process head 102, is enlarged by 1.2-3 mm compared with the standard dimension, namely the axial dimension L is enlarged from 4.82mm to 6.12mm.
In the above embodiment, further: the blind hole 101 and the vertical end surface 1021 of the outer ring of the radial boss process head 102 are simultaneously machined in the step S1 and the first polishing, and the dimensional tolerance of the blind hole 101 is achievedThe perpendicularity between the center line of the blind hole 101 and the vertical end surface 1021 of the outer ring of the radial boss process head 102 is 0.012, and the perpendicularity is used as a subsequent positioning reference, so that the workpiece qualification rate and the dimensional accuracy requirement are ensured.
Therefore, in the first polishing process, the blind holes 101 and the vertical end surface 1021 of the outer ring of the radial boss process head 102 are machined in the same time in the step S1, so that the dimensional tolerance and the perpendicularity form and position tolerance are effectively ensured, a reference is laid for the subsequent gear shaping process, and the gear shaping precision requirement is met.
On this basis, too, in order to avoid radial angle interference by the gear shaper: in the above embodiment, the outer diameter of the radial boss process head 102 is 2-3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the tip circle of the cone structure 103 of the workpiece 1.
The axial dimension L of the tip end of the tip circle of the cone structure 103 is enlarged by 1.2-3 mm from the standard dimension of the vertical end surface 1021 of the outer ring of the radial boss process head 102; the outer diameter of the cooperative radial boss process head 102 is 2-3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the addendum circle of the cone structure 103 of the workpiece 1; the interference between the cone top angle 14 degrees 58 '52' of the cone structure 103 and the axial angle of the gear shaping machine tool during gear shaping is effectively avoided, so that the machining is smoothly carried out.
Step S2, tooth planing: and (3) machining the straight tooth and bevel tooth profile of the workpiece 1 by gear shaping.
Step S3, fine turning for the second time: the radial boss process head 102 manufactured by the first finish turning of the workpiece 1 is removed.
In the above embodiment, further: and step S3, during the second polishing, the wire cutting or cutting-off knife 3 is selected to cut off and complete the removal of the radial boss process head 102 of the workpiece 1.
(as shown in fig. 8) in the above embodiment, further: since the radial boss process head 102 is smaller in size, the cutting method by the cutter 3 is preferably selected, and when the cutter 3 is used for cutting: the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece 1 are clamped by the clamping jaw, the outer circle of the workpiece 1 and the end face of the cone structure 103 teeth are aligned by the dial indicator, and the end face of the workpiece 1 cut off is prevented from exceeding the perpendicularity of the blind hole 101 of the workpiece 1 during cutting.
After the cutting knife 3 cuts off the radial boss process head 102, the cutting knife 3 is used for finishing the cutting end face of the workpiece, so that the processing of the step S3 and the second finish turning process is completed.
The subsequent work step also requires the bench worker to remove burrs and the surface treatment process of the workpiece, thus completing the whole processing process of the workpiece 1.
The small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear special fixture 2 (shown in fig. 4 and 5) consists of an axial screw gland 2-1 and a mandrel 2-2.
The mandrel 2-2 is sequentially and concentrically provided with a first screw rod 2-201, a first optical axis 2-202, a second screw rod 2-203 and a second optical axis 2-204 from back to front.
Wherein, a first screw rod2-201 is M10 screw rod; the outer circle of the first optical axis 2-202 is The first screw rod 2-201 and the first optical axis 2-202 are used for coaxially fixing and clamping the special fixture on the gear shaper.
In the above embodiment, further: the fine internal thread 2-102 is M10 multiplied by 1.25 fine threads; the first screw rod 2-201 is an M10 screw rod.
The second screw rod 2-203 is concentrically screwed and is connected with the axial screw gland 2-1 in a proper fit manner; the second optical axes 2-204 are connected with the blind hole 101 of the workpiece 1 in a concentric interference fit mode.
The center of the cover body of the axial screw gland 2-1 is concentrically provided with an axial step through hole 2-101; through hole structure is adopted, so that the extension is convenient.
The rear end of the axial stepped through hole 2-101 is provided with a fine tooth internal thread 2-102; fine threads are adopted, so that the precision is high.
The fine tooth internal thread 2-102 is screwed and connected with the second screw rod 2-203 in a proper fit manner; ensuring concentricity.
The front end of the axial stepped through hole 2-101 is provided with a stepped vertical compression end face 2-103; the vertical pressing end face 2-103 of the step is perpendicular to the central line of the mandrel 2-2, and the vertical pressing end face 2-103 of the step is fit and matched with the vertical end face 1021 (shown in fig. 6) of the outer ring of the radial boss process head 102 of the pressing workpiece 1, so that the accuracy reliability of the positioning reference of the axial pressing is ensured.
Therefore, the axial compression positioning reference is adopted, so that the clamping and positioning of the workpiece to be processed on the conventional machine tool are facilitated in production, the clamping and processing applicability of the special tool clamp on the conventional machine tool is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
At the same time (in connection with fig. 7) the front end cone structure 103 of the workpiece 1 protrudes from the front end of the axial screw gland 2-1 to be machined.
Therefore, the special fixture clamp provided by the invention has the advantages that the second optical axis 2-204 formed at the front end of the mandrel 2-2 and the blind hole 101 only have coaxial positioning function during processing; the stress surface of the gear shaping processing is changed into a step vertical compression end surface 2-103 of the axial screw gland 2-1 and a radial boss process head 102 of the workpiece 1, so that the second optical axis 2-204 of the small-size structure is not stressed, and the problem of breakage of the mandrel 2-2 during the gear shaping processing is effectively avoided.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the invention adopts the mode of adding the process head and axially compacting the gland to realize the gear shaping processing of the small-size blind hole small-module gear workpiece, the workpiece is tightly matched with the tool, the stressed contact area is increased, and the clamping is reliable; the workpiece is tightly pressed by threads, so that the workpiece is convenient to clamp; the phenomena of tremble, poor tooth finish and the like generated in the pinion gear shaping process are reduced; through production practice, the detection of the processed products shows that the number of teeth of each parameter of the bevel gear part meets the requirement, the product quality is greatly improved, and the product qualification rate is remarkably improved; the positioning device is also suitable for positioning similar inner blind holes, but the small end face of the bevel gear cannot be axially pressed to machine and manufacture similar workpieces; the utilization rate of the machine tool is improved, a referent machining thought is provided for manufacturers, a new market is widened for enterprises, and the machine tool is suitable for popularization.
From the above description it can be found that: the clamping method is firm, the workpiece is convenient to mount and take, and the required tool is simple and convenient to process; the special process head is axially pressed by adding the process head and using a screw gland, so that the special work fixture for the workpiece can be tightly matched, and the stressed area is increased; the mandrel of the special fixture is prevented from being broken, so that the fixture is safe and reliable; the thread clamping is simple and convenient; reduced chatter and improved tooth finish; the technological quality of the tooth number of each parameter of the bevel gear tooth part is obviously improved, and the difficult problem of low qualification rate of the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear product is solved.
In conclusion, the clamping fixture is firm in clamping and fixation, convenient in workpiece loading and unloading, simple in structure, simple and convenient to process, economical and practical, and suitable for popularization.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a related manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing processing technology comprises the steps of material preparation, rough turning, heat treatment, finish turning, tooth-planing, bench engineering and surface treatment, and is characterized in that the steps of finish turning and tooth-planing comprise the following steps:
s1, fine turning for the first time: finish turning is carried out on the outer cylindrical surface of the tail end of a blind hole (101) of a small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear workpiece (1) to manufacture a radial boss process head (102); the method comprises the steps that a workpiece (1) is concentrically positioned on a special fixture (2) of a small-size blind hole and a small-modulus straight bevel gear by using a blind hole (101) of the workpiece (1); the radial boss process head (102) of the workpiece (1) is axially pressed by an axial screw gland (2-1) arranged in the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear special fixture clamp (2), so that concentric axial pressing and fixing clamping of the workpiece (1) on the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear special fixture clamp (2) is realized;
s2, tooth planing: machining the straight tooth and the bevel tooth profile of the workpiece (1) by gear shaping;
s3, fine turning for the second time: a radial boss process head (102) manufactured by finely turning and removing the workpiece (1) for the first time;
the special tool clamp (2) for the small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear consists of an axial screw gland (2-1) and a mandrel (2-2); the mandrel (2-2) is provided with a first screw (2-201), a first optical axis (2-202), a second screw (2-203) and a second optical axis (2-204) concentrically in sequence from back to front; the first screw (2-201) and the first optical axis (2-202) are used for coaxially fixing and clamping the special fixture on the gear shaper; the second screw rod (2-203) is concentrically screwed and is connected with the axial screw gland (2-1) in a proper fit manner; the second optical axis (2-204) is connected with the blind hole (101) of the workpiece (1) in concentric interference fit; an axial step through hole (2-101) is concentrically formed in the center of the cover body of the axial screw gland (2-1); the rear end of the axial step through hole (2-101) is provided with a fine tooth internal thread (2-102); the fine tooth internal thread (2-102) is screwed and connected with the second screw rod (2-203) in a proper fit manner; the front end of the axial step through hole (2-101) is provided with a step vertical compression end surface (2-103); the step vertical compression end face (2-103) is perpendicular to the central line of the mandrel (2-2), and the step vertical compression end face (2-103) is fit with an outer circular vertical end face (1021) of a radial boss process head (102) of a compression workpiece (1); and meanwhile, the front end cone structure (103) of the workpiece (1) extends out of the front end of the axial screw gland (2-1) to be processed.
2. The small-size blind hole small modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 1, wherein the process is characterized in that: the diameter phi of the blind hole (101) of the workpiece (1) is less than or equal to 5mm; the axial length of the blind hole (101) of the workpiece (1) is less than or equal to 8mm.
3. The small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the blind hole (101) and the vertical end surface (1021) of the outer ring of the radial boss process head (102) are simultaneously machined in the step S1 and the first polishing, and the dimensional tolerance of the blind hole (101) is achievedThe perpendicularity between the center line of the blind hole (101) and the vertical end surface (1021) of the outer ring of the radial boss process head (102) is 0.012.
4. The small-size blind hole small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 3, wherein the step S1, the first finish turning, further comprises turning around the finished blind hole (101) and the outer circular vertical end surface (1021) as references, to finish turning around the cone structure (103) of the workpiece (1) and the outer vertical end surface (1031) of the shaft end of the cone structure (103); and the runout of the cone structure (103) and the outer vertical end surface (1031) is less than or equal to 0.012; and the axial dimension L of the tip circle end of the cone structure (103) from the outer circular vertical end surface (1021) of the radial boss process head (102) is enlarged by 1.2-3 mm compared with the standard dimension.
5. The small-size blind hole small modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 1, wherein the process is characterized in that: the outer diameter of the radial boss process head (102) is 2-3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the tip circle of the cone structure (103) of the workpiece (1).
6. The small-size blind hole small modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 1, wherein the process is characterized in that: the fine internal thread (2-102) is M10 multiplied by 1.25 fine threads; the first screw (2-201) is an M10 screw rod.
7. The small-size blind hole small modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 1, wherein the process is characterized in that: and S3, during the second polishing, selecting a wire cutting or cutting knife (3) to cut off and finish the removal of the radial boss process head (102) of the workpiece (1).
8. The small-size blind hole small modulus straight bevel gear tooth-planing process according to claim 7, wherein: when the cutting knife (3) is selected for cutting, the clamping jaw is used for clamping the excircle and the end face of the workpiece (1), and the dial indicator is used for aligning the excircle of the workpiece (1) and the end face of the cone structure (103) teeth, so that the straightness of the cutting end face of the workpiece (1) relative to the perpendicularity of the blind hole (101) of the workpiece (1) is prevented from being out of tolerance during cutting; after the cutting knife (3) cuts off the radial boss process head (102), the cutting knife (3) is used for finishing the cutting end face of the workpiece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210635281.2A CN114799359B (en) | 2022-06-06 | 2022-06-06 | Gear shaping processing technology for small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear |
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| CN202210635281.2A CN114799359B (en) | 2022-06-06 | 2022-06-06 | Gear shaping processing technology for small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear |
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| CN114799359B true CN114799359B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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| CN103707018A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏飞船股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing automotive bevel gear shaft |
| CN206263374U (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-06-20 | 南京创力传动机械有限公司 | A kind of horizontal gear shapping machine for processing face gear |
| CN210548595U (en) * | 2019-08-17 | 2020-05-19 | 溧阳市腾新机电设备有限公司 | Gear planer |
| CN111889813A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-06 | 湖南飞阳齿轮制造有限责任公司 | Gear shaping machine for processing gear |
| CN112846677A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-05-28 | 南昌齿轮锻造厂 | Vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for driving spiral bevel gear with boss |
| WO2021148147A1 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-29 | Reishauer Ag | Method for working a workpiece with two toothings, positioning device for determining a reference rotational angle position of the workpiece and power tool with such a positioning device |
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2022
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103707018A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏飞船股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing automotive bevel gear shaft |
| CN206263374U (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-06-20 | 南京创力传动机械有限公司 | A kind of horizontal gear shapping machine for processing face gear |
| CN210548595U (en) * | 2019-08-17 | 2020-05-19 | 溧阳市腾新机电设备有限公司 | Gear planer |
| WO2021148147A1 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-29 | Reishauer Ag | Method for working a workpiece with two toothings, positioning device for determining a reference rotational angle position of the workpiece and power tool with such a positioning device |
| CN111889813A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-06 | 湖南飞阳齿轮制造有限责任公司 | Gear shaping machine for processing gear |
| CN112846677A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-05-28 | 南昌齿轮锻造厂 | Vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for driving spiral bevel gear with boss |
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| CN114799359A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
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