CN114799240B - Pressure-visible adjustable controllable synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock - Google Patents
Pressure-visible adjustable controllable synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799240B CN114799240B CN202210397293.6A CN202210397293A CN114799240B CN 114799240 B CN114799240 B CN 114799240B CN 202210397293 A CN202210397293 A CN 202210397293A CN 114799240 B CN114799240 B CN 114799240B
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 168
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B23/00—Tailstocks; Centres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
Abstract
The hydraulic tailstock comprises a rotary unit, a rotary locking and releasing unit, a hydraulic center pushing and retreating unit and a base unit; the rotary unit comprises a pair of tapered roller bearings, a hydraulic tensioning ring, a second inner hexagonal screw, an end cover, a center, a rotary shaft, a nut, a third inner hexagonal screw, an ejector rod and a dust cover mandrel; the conical surface structure of the center is inserted into a conical hole of a matched rotary shaft, a pair of tapered roller bearing inner rings are arranged on the periphery of the rotary shaft, and the tapered roller bearing outer rings are fixed in the inner hole of the cylindrical mandrel; when the rotary machine works, the rotary table drives a workpiece to be machined, which is tightly propped by the tip, to rotate, and the rotary shaft rotates in the mandrel through the tapered roller bearing; the rotary unit is arranged in the base; the rotary locking and loosening unit comprises a second hydraulic component; the two oil inlet and outlet holes of the second hydraulic component on the outer circle of the mandrel, the hydraulic tension ring is of an elastic metal thin-wall cylinder shape, and a rotary shaft is coaxially arranged in the cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tailstock for milling holes, grooves, splines, shapes and the like of the outer circumferential surfaces of shaft parts of aeroengines. The device has the characteristics of high rigidity, low friction coefficient, synchronization with a turntable, visual, controllable and adjustable top tightening pressure and the like.
Background
Shaft parts are necessary parts of modern aeroengines, and holes, grooves, splines, shapes and the like on the outer circle of a shaft are often required to be machined in the production process. In practical processing, the processing is generally carried out in a manner of being clamped on top of each other. In this case, a tailstock is needed to realize the roof. In general, two kinds of tailstock centers are adopted, one kind is a fixed center and the other kind is a rotatable center, and the two kinds of centers are inserted into Morse taper holes of the tailstock through Morse taper handles of the centers, and then the centers are pushed to be pushed into center holes of workpieces through the centering wheels of the tailstock, so that conical surfaces of the centers are tightly attached to conical surfaces of the center holes of the parts, and locking screws are locked to finish the jacking of the workpieces.
CN2019101728292 is a numerical control lathe tailstock feed control system, it is a drive arrangement that pneumatic cylinder drive lathe tailstock center axle fed, including center axle, top, the tailstock, top section of thick bamboo, pneumatic cylinder, the hydraulic stem, rotate lead screw and handle, the inside hydraulic stem of pneumatic cylinder passes through shaft coupling fixedly connected with center axle, the other end of hydraulic stem stretches out pneumatic cylinder fixedly connected with handle, the pneumatic cylinder passes through ring flange fixed mounting at the tailstock tip, pneumatic cylinder lateral wall fixedly connected with hydraulic pressure integrated valve, the hydraulic pressure integrated valve includes the shell body, the switching-over rocker, speed governing twist, electromagnetic control switch and feed rocker, hydraulic pressure integrated valve bottom fixedly connected with oil feed pipeline and oil outlet pipe, tailstock top fixed mounting has displacement sensor and display. The automatic feeding or automatic exiting can be realized, the reversing is simple and quick, the feeding speed can be adjusted, and the quantitative feeding can be realized. The tail seat for the lathe replaces the screw rod tail seat for feeding and cannot rotate along with the screw rod tail seat.
CN2019222930928 discloses a hydraulic control device for tailstock traction and locking of a turning center, which comprises a tailstock main body, a base arranged at the bottom of the tailstock main body, a locking hydraulic cylinder arranged on the base vertically downwards, a locking mechanism arranged at the bottom of the base, a traction connection mechanism arranged on the tailstock, and a hydraulic control mechanism; the locking hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the locking mechanism to press the machine body guide rail, the traction connecting mechanism comprises a traction hydraulic cylinder perpendicular to the movement direction of the tailstock, and the hydraulic control mechanism is respectively connected with the locking hydraulic cylinder and an oil way of the traction hydraulic cylinder. Also a tailstock structure for a lathe.
However, in practical use, when a milling machine or a functional machining center, especially a device with a turntable structure is used for tightly propping up a workpiece by using a fixed center, the outer circle of a shaft is required to be machined, so that the conical surface of a center positioning hole of a part is continuously in rotary friction with the conical surface of a tailstock center in the continuous rotation process, and after the workpiece is machined, the conical surface of the center positioning hole of the part is usually worn or even deformed, so that the subsequent working procedure cannot be accurately centered, and the part is scrapped. More serious, because the shaft for the aircraft engine processed by us is hollow, the central hole is formed in the process blanking cover, when the pressure of the tight jacking of the tailstock is too large, the process blanking cover is not used, even the situation that the part rotates and the process blanking cover does not rotate simultaneously occurs, the internal control of the part is directly scratched, and even the situation that the part is scrapped due to the fact that the part and the process blanking cover are welded together due to long-time rotary friction is caused.
When the external rotation type rotary center is used, the problem of rigidity of the rotary center part of the whole center is that irregular and undersize situations often occur during machining, obvious vibration marks exist on the surface of a part, the situation that a cutter is broken due to cutting vibration caused by insufficient rigidity, and the like, and the rotary center is scrapped after being machined for several times. Thereby increasing unnecessary costs.
Of course, besides the tailstock machining, a machine tool with a synchronous turntable, namely, two machine tools capable of synchronously rotating the turntable can be used for machining, but even the machine tool also solves a series of problems of how to install a tool on a synchronous shaft to tightly press or clamp a workpiece, such as insufficient rigidity caused by the need of using an lengthened tool during machining. Meanwhile, the cost is greatly increased due to the addition of a turntable, a tool and the like.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a tailstock for processing the outer circular surface of the shaft parts of the aeroengine, the tailstock can be controlled by adjusting the pressing pressure, the pressure value can be displayed in real time, the center can rotate and synchronously lock and unlock with the turntable, the structure is compact and reliable, the cutter length can be controlled conveniently, and the optimal rigidity utilization of the cutter is obtained. In use, the clamping device can ensure stable, reliable and safe part clamping, is simple and convenient to operate in the use process, can improve labor productivity and quality, brings convenience to tool management work on a production site, and reduces waste of processing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the circumferential processing requirements of the shaft parts of the aeroengine effectively. The hydraulic tailstock is locked synchronously with adjustable and controllable pressure for circumferential processing of the shaft parts of the aeroengine.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock with adjustable and controllable pressure comprises a rotary unit, a rotary locking and loosening unit, a hydraulic center pushing and retreating unit and a base unit;
The rotary unit comprises a pair of tapered roller bearings 7 and 18, fourth and fifth sealing rings 9 and 17, a hydraulic tensioning ring 12, a second inner hexagonal screw 13, an end cover 14, a center 15, a rotary shaft 16, a nut 219, a third inner hexagonal screw 20, an ejector rod 30, a dust cover 31 and a mandrel 32; the conical surface structure of the center 15 is inserted into a conical hole of a matched rotary shaft 16, a pair of inner rings of tapered roller bearings 18 are arranged on the periphery of the rotary shaft 16, a hydraulic tensioning ring 12 provided with a fourth sealing ring 9 can be locked in a central hole of a mandrel 32 under the hydraulic action, and the outer rings of the tapered roller bearings 18 are fixed in the inner hole of the cylindrical mandrel 32; when the rotary table is in operation, the rotary table drives a workpiece to be processed which is tightly propped up by the center 15 to rotate, and the rotary shaft 16 rotates in the mandrel 32 through a pair of tapered roller bearings; the rotary unit is installed in the base 23;
The hydraulic center pushing and retreating mechanism comprises a first hydraulic component, a center oil inlet 1 matched with the first hydraulic component, a center oil return port 2, a first sealing ring 4, a second sealing ring 5, a third sealing ring 8, a first inner hexagonal screw 10, an angular limiting block 11, a base 23, a sixth sealing ring 28, a 5 th inner hexagonal screw 29, a mandrel 32 and a hydraulic end cover 33; the sealing ring is a hydraulic sealing ring of the first hydraulic assembly, the cylinder of the first hydraulic assembly pushes the mandrel to translate, and the mandrel is a sleeve piece which can translate but does not rotate and is arranged on the track;
The rotary locking and loosening unit comprises a second hydraulic component, a hydraulic tensioning ring 12, a third group of hexagon socket screws 20, a rotary oil inlet 26 and a rotary oil outlet 27 of the second hydraulic component; the two oil inlet and outlet holes 26 and 27 of the second hydraulic component on the outer circle of the mandrel 32, the hydraulic tension ring is a thin-wall cylinder of elastic metal or elastic polymer material, and the rotary shaft 16 is coaxially arranged in the cylinder; the two ends of the cylinder are provided with sealing grooves, at least one end of the cylinder is provided with a flange, and the flange is locked on the mandrel 32, so that a hydraulic oil cavity is formed between the outer side of the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 and the inner side of the mandrel, and a gap between the hydraulic oil cavity between the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 and the mandrel 32 is sealed by a sealing ring;
The base part comprises a slotted countersunk head screw 21, a cover 22, a base 23, an inner hexagon screw 424 and a positioning block 25; the base 23 is fixed with a positioning block 25 by a4 th socket head cap screw 24 and is placed in a T-shaped groove of a machine tool.
The rotary unit is arranged in the base 23, so that the two oil inlet and outlet holes 26 and 27 of the second hydraulic component on the outer circle of the mandrel 32 face the ground direction of the base 23, the rotary oil inlet 26 is arranged below the base 23, and the rotary oil outlet 27 is respectively arranged on the mandrel 32.
When the rotary oil inlet 26 and the rotary oil outlet 27 are respectively connected with an oil inlet interface and an oil outlet interface of the rotary table hydraulic lock, when the oil inlet of the rotary table hydraulic lock is communicated with oil, the rotary table is locked, and the rotary shaft 16 is locked by the hydraulic tension ring 12 compressed and deformed by the oil fed from the rotary oil inlet 26; when the oil outlet of the hydraulic release of the turntable is communicated with oil, the turntable is released, and after the oil is drained through the rotary oil outlet 27, the rotary shaft 16 locked by the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 is elastically deformed and restored, so that the locking state is released.
In the first hydraulic assembly, a sixth sealing ring 28 and a first sealing ring 4 are arranged at the corresponding position of an inner hole of a hydraulic end cover 33 of the first hydraulic assembly, a second sealing ring 5 is arranged at the corresponding position of an outer circle of a mandrel 32, a third sealing ring 8 is arranged at the corresponding position of an inner hole of a base 23, a rotating part is arranged in the base 23, a notch groove on the mandrel 32 is overlapped with a notch groove above the base 23, an angular limiting block 11 is inserted, the angular limiting block is fixed on the base 23 by a first inner hexagon screw 10, a hydraulic end cover 33 with the sixth sealing ring 28 and the first sealing ring 4 is connected with the base 23 by 6-8 th inner hexagon screws 29 after penetrating through a small outer circle of the mandrel 32, finally, a center oil inlet 1 is screwed into the hydraulic end cover 33 by pipe threads, a center oil return port 2 is screwed into the base 23 by pipe threads, and a pressure gauge 3 is arranged in the hydraulic end cover 33 by pipe threads.
When the hydraulic oil cylinder is in operation, the pressure oil enters the oil cylinder through the center oil inlet 1, the mandrel 32, namely the rotary component, is pushed to move forwards, when the workpiece is on the center, the pressure gauge has a numerical value along with the continuously increased oil pressure, the oil pressure is adjusted, and the valve is closed for maintaining the pressure after the numerical value of the pressure gauge reaches a specified value. After machining is completed, the valve is opened first, so that oil in the oil cavity can flow back through the center oil inlet 1, meanwhile, pressure oil enters the oil cylinder through the center oil outlet 1, the mandrel 32, namely the rotary component, is pushed to move reversely, and the center is separated from the workpiece, so that the workpiece to be machined is clamped.
During operation, the base 23 is fixed and positioned in a T-shaped groove of a machine tool by using the 4 th inner hexagon screw 24, the position is adjusted to a proper position, the base is fixed on a workbench by using one screw respectively before and after, the slotted countersunk head screw 21 is screwed down, the cover 22 is taken down, a hydraulic oil pipe which is locked and unlocked with the control turntable is respectively connected to the center oil inlet 1 and the center oil return opening 2, the cover 22 is covered, and the slotted countersunk head screw 21 is locked.
As the pressure of hydraulic oil at the oil inlet of the rotary oil inlet 26 increases, the thin wall part of the hydraulic tension ring 12 is deformed, so that the rotary shaft 16 is held tightly to complete clamping, the rotary shaft is completely rotated at the moment, after the processing is completed, a valve of the rotary oil outlet 27 is opened, hydraulic oil in an oil cavity flows out from the oil outlet, and as the pressure of the oil cavity decreases, the hydraulic tension ring 12 is restored to be original, so that the rotary shaft 16 is loosened; the hydraulic tension ring 12 is fixed on the mandrel 32 and is not rotated; when the hydraulic tension ring is not in hydraulic pressure, the rotary shaft and the center rotate along with each other.
The beneficial effects are that: the pressure-visible adjustable controllable synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock for circumferential machining of the shaft parts of the aeroengine is provided by the invention. The pressure value can be displayed in real time, the center can be rotated to align with the rotation when processing a workpiece, the supporting force is uniform, the center can be synchronously locked and unlocked with the turntable, the structure is compact and reliable, the clamping of parts can be ensured to be stable, reliable and safe in use, meanwhile, the operation is simple and convenient in use, the labor productivity and quality can be improved, and convenience is brought to tool management work on a production site. The structure of the hydraulic synchronous locking rotary tailstock is also provided with a flexible center structure, the precession distance of the mandrel determines the clamping degree of the center, and the loosening of the tensioning ring enables the rotating shaft to rotate or tighten along with the center to have the rotation angle adjusting function simultaneously with the turntable. The milling machine is particularly suitable for milling hollow shaft parts of aeroengines.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a 3D view of a synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock with visible, adjustable and controllable pressure according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the outline structure of the spindle, tip and rotary shaft;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hydraulic locking structure of a rotary shaft;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tensioner ring construction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the mandrel 32 and the first hydraulic assembly of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a 3D view of the angular stopper 11;
FIG. 7 is a 3D view of the corner fitting mandrel 32;
Fig. 8 is a 3D view of the base 23.
Detailed Description
1. The hydraulic oil pump comprises a center oil inlet 2, a center oil return port 3, a pressure gauge 4, a first sealing ring 5, a second sealing ring 6, nuts 1 and 7, tapered roller bearings 18, a third sealing ring 9, a fourth sealing ring 10, a first inner hexagonal screw 11, an angular limiting block 12, a hydraulic tensioning ring 13, a second inner hexagonal screw 14, an end cover 15, a center 16, a rotary shaft 17, a fifth sealing ring 18, a tapered roller bearing 2 19, a locking nut 20, a third inner hexagonal screw 21, a grooved countersunk head screw 22, a cover 23, a base 24, a fourth inner hexagonal screw 25, a positioning block 26, a rotary oil inlet 26-1 oil cavity 27, a rotary oil outlet 28, a sixth sealing ring 29, a fifth inner hexagonal screw 30, a push rod 31, a dust cover 32, a mandrel 33, a hydraulic end cover 34, an anti-rotation cavity 35, a forward oil cavity 36, a back oil cavity 37 and a sealing ring mounting groove.
As shown in fig. 1, the whole tailstock is mainly composed of four parts as shown in the figure: the rotating part, the rotating locking loosening part, the rotating table synchronizing part, the hydraulic center pushing and retreating mechanism and the base part.
The rotary part consists of a1 st nut 6, a1 st tapered roller bearing 7, a fourth sealing ring 9, a hydraulic tensioning ring 12, a second inner hexagonal screw 13, an end cover 14, a center 15, a rotary shaft 16, a fifth sealing ring 17, a2 nd tapered roller bearing 18, a nut 19, a third inner hexagonal screw 20, a mandril 30, a dust cover 31 and a mandrel 32.
Inserting the conical surface of the center 15 into the conical hole of the rotary shaft 16, then installing the 2 nd tapered roller bearing 18 on the rotary shaft 16, inserting the second locking nut 19 into the central hole which is used for locking the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 provided with the fourth sealing ring 9 on the mandrel 32 through 8 third inner hexagon screws 20, enabling one end of the 2 nd tapered roller bearing 18 to lean against the bearing gear of the mandrel 32, and installing the end cover 14 which is fixed by 8 second inner hexagon screws 13 and provided with the fifth sealing ring 17; the 1 st tapered roller bearing 7 is mounted on the rotary shaft 16 through the inner hole of the mandrel 32, one end of the 1 st tapered roller bearing is abutted against the bearing gear of the mandrel 32, the 1 st nut 6 is screwed, the ejector rod 30 is mounted in the rotary shaft 16, and the dust cover 31 is screwed into the mandrel 32.
During operation, the turntable drives the workpiece tightly propped by the center 15 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 16 rotates in the mandrel 32 through the 1 st and 2 nd tapered roller bearings.
The rotation locking and releasing part, namely the part synchronous with the turntable, consists of a mandrel 32, a fourth sealing ring 9, a hydraulic tensioning ring 12, a third inner hexagonal screw 20, a rotation oil inlet 26 and a rotation oil outlet 27.
The assembled rotary part is arranged in the base 23, so that two oil inlet and outlet holes on the outer circle of the mandrel 32 face the ground direction of the base 23, the rotary oil inlet 26 is arranged below the base 23, and the rotary oil outlet 27 is respectively arranged on the mandrel 32.
When the rotary oil inlet 26 and the rotary oil outlet 27 are respectively connected with an oil inlet interface and an oil outlet interface of the rotary table hydraulic lock, when the oil inlet of the rotary table hydraulic lock is communicated with oil, the rotary table is locked, and the rotary shaft 16 is locked by the hydraulic tension ring 12 compressed and deformed by the oil fed from the rotary oil inlet 26; when the oil outlet of the hydraulic release of the turntable is communicated with oil, the turntable is released, and after the oil is drained through the rotary oil outlet 27, the rotary shaft 16 locked by the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 is elastically deformed and restored, so that the locking state is released.
The hydraulic center pushing and retreating mechanism consists of a center oil inlet 1, a center oil return port 2, a pressure gauge 3, a first sealing ring 4, a second sealing ring 5, a third sealing ring 8, a first inner hexagonal screw 10, an angular limiting block 11, a base 23, a sixth sealing ring 28, an inner hexagonal screw 29, a mandrel 32 and a hydraulic end cover 33.
Firstly, a sealing ring 28 and a sealing ring 4 are arranged at corresponding positions of an inner hole of a hydraulic end cover 33, a second sealing ring 5 is arranged at corresponding positions of an outer circle of a mandrel 32, a sealing ring 8 is arranged at corresponding positions of an inner hole of a base 23, a rotating part is arranged in the base 23, a notch groove on the mandrel 32 is overlapped with a notch groove above the base 23, an angular limiting block 11 is inserted, the angular limiting block is fixed on the base 23 by a first inner hexagonal screw 10, the hydraulic end cover 33 with the sealing ring 28 and the sealing ring 4 arranged is connected with the base 23 by 8 th inner hexagonal screws 29 after passing through a small outer circle of the mandrel 32, finally, a tip oil inlet 1 is screwed into the hydraulic end cover 33 by pipe threads, a tip oil return opening 2 is screwed into the base 23 by pipe threads, and a pressure gauge 3 is screwed into the hydraulic end cover 33 by pipe threads, so that assembly is completed.
When the hydraulic oil cylinder is in operation, the pressure oil enters the oil cylinder through the center oil inlet 1, the mandrel 32, namely the rotary component, is pushed to move forwards, when the workpiece is on the center, the pressure gauge has a numerical value along with the continuously increased oil pressure, the oil pressure is adjusted, and the valve is closed for maintaining the pressure after the numerical value of the pressure gauge reaches a specified value. After the machining is finished, the valve is opened first, so that oil in the oil cavity can flow back through the center oil inlet 1, meanwhile, pressure oil enters the oil cylinder through the center oil outlet 1, the mandrel 32, namely the rotary component, is pushed to move reversely, and the center is separated from the workpiece, so that the clamping of the workpiece is finished.
The base part consists of a slotted countersunk head screw 21, a cover 22, a base 23, a4 th socket head screw 24 and a positioning block 25. During operation, the base 23 is fixed and positioned in a T-shaped groove of a machine tool by using the 4 th inner hexagon screw 24, the position is adjusted to a proper position, the base is fixed on a workbench by using one screw respectively before and after, the slotted countersunk head screw 21 is screwed down, the cover 22 is taken down, a hydraulic oil pipe which is locked and unlocked with the control turntable is respectively connected to the center oil inlet 1 and the center oil return opening 2, the cover 22 is covered, and the slotted countersunk head screw 21 is locked.
1. Assembling process of tailstock
The sixth sealing ring 28 and the first sealing ring 4 are arranged at the corresponding positions of the inner hole of the hydraulic end cover 33, the center oil inlet pipe 1 and the pressure gauge 3 are respectively arranged at two corresponding pipe thread positions on the inclined side surface of the hydraulic end cover 33 through pipe threads, and the positions of parts are adjusted, so that the hydraulic end cover 33 assembly is formed.
And the third sealing ring 9 is arranged on the corresponding position of the outer circle of the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 to form a hydraulic tensioning ring 12 assembly.
The third sealing ring 8 is arranged at the corresponding position of the inner hole of the base 23, the center oil return port 2 is arranged in the outer side of the base 23 corresponding to the pipe threaded hole through pipe threads, and the positions of parts are adjusted to form a base 23 assembly
The fifth seal ring 17 is arranged at the corresponding position of the inner hole of the end cover 14 to form the end cover 14 assembly.
The second sealing ring 5 is arranged on the corresponding position of the outer circle of the mandrel 32, the installed hydraulic tensioning ring 12 assembly is inserted into the inner hole of the mandrel 32, and the hydraulic tensioning ring is connected with the mandrel 32 through 8 third inner hexagon screws 20 to form the mandrel 32 assembly.
The conical surface of the center 15 is inserted into the conical hole of the rotary shaft 16, the tapered roller bearing 18 is arranged on the rotary shaft 16, the second locking nut 19 is screwed in and screwed, one end of the inner ring of the 2 nd tapered roller bearing 18 is tightly abutted against the bearing step of the rotary shaft 16, the other end of the assembly is inserted into the mandrel 32 assembly according to the center outwards, one end of the outer ring of the 2 nd tapered roller bearing 18 is abutted against the bearing step of the mandrel 32 assembly, the end cover 14 assembly passes through the rotary shaft 16 provided with one end of the center, the bearing pressing end of the end cover 14 is pressed against the other end of the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing 18, and the end cover 14 is connected with the mandrel 32 assembly through 8 second inner hexagon screws 13.
The tapered roller bearing 7 is arranged on the rotary shaft 16 through an inner hole at the other end of the mandrel 32, so that one end of the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing 7 is abutted against a bearing gear of the mandrel 32 assembly, and the inner ring at the same end is abutted against the bearing gear of the rotary shaft 16, screwed into the 1 st nut 6 and screwed; screwing the ejector rod 30 into the rotary shaft 16 to a proper position; the dust cap 31 is screwed into the spindle 32.
Inserting the mounted assembly into the base 23 assembly, adjusting the position to enable the limit groove on the outer circle of the mandrel 32 to coincide with the limit groove above the base 23 assembly, inserting the angular limit block 11 and fixing the angular limit block on the base 23 assembly by using 41 st hexagon socket head cap screws 10; the rotary oil inlet 26 and the pipe thread of the rotary oil outlet 27 are screwed into the corresponding pipe thread interface on the mandrel 32 from the lower part of the base 23 assembly, and the directions of the rotary oil inlet 26 and the rotary oil outlet 27 are adjusted.
And an inner hole of the hydraulic end cover 33 assembly is sleeved on the outer circle of the small end of the mandrel 32, and after the direction of the pressure gauge 3 and the direction of the center oil inlet 1 are adjusted, the hydraulic end cover 33 assembly is fixed on the base 23 assembly by 85 th inner hexagon screws 29.
Cover 22 is placed over the window of the base 23 assembly and secured to the base 23 assembly with 8 slotted countersunk screws 21.
The 2 positioning blocks 25 are respectively placed in the clamping grooves on the bottom surface of the base 23 assembly and are fixed on the base 23 assembly by using the 4 th inner hexagon screw (24). And (5) finishing the assembly of the tailstock.
2. Working of tailstock, i.e. use process
When the tail seat fixing device is used, the fixing positioning block 25 on the tail seat is placed in the T-shaped groove of the machine tool, and after the tail seat is adjusted to a proper position, the tail seat is fixed on the workbench through the bolt groove on the base by using one bolt. The slotted countersunk head screw 21 is unscrewed, the cover 22 is taken down, the hydraulic oil pipe locked with the control turntable is divided into two oil inlet pipes through a two-turn adapter, one of the two oil inlet pipes is connected to the rotary oil inlet 26, and the other oil inlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet port locked by the turntable; similarly, the hydraulic oil pipe which is released from the control turntable is divided into two oil outlet pipes through a rotary two-way adapter, one of the two oil outlet pipes is connected to the rotary oil outlet 27, and the other oil outlet pipe can be connected to the oil outlet interface which is released from the turntable.
When the hydraulic oil pressure gauge is used, hydraulic oil of a hydraulic station is input into a hydraulic oil cavity near one end of the hydraulic end cover 33 in two hydraulic oil cavities formed by the hydraulic end cover 33, the base 23 and the mandrel 32 through the tip oil inlet 1, the mandrel 32 is pushed to move towards one end due to continuous input of the hydraulic oil, the tip is pushed into a center hole of a machined part, so that the two conical surfaces are in close contact, the pressure gauge 3 starts to have numerical value change along with continuous injection of the pressure oil, and when a required pressure value is reached, a hydraulic oil port valve of the tip oil inlet 1 is closed. The rotary table drives the workpiece to rotate, and the rotary shaft 16 is supported by the 1 st tapered roller bearing 7 and the 2 nd tapered roller bearing 18 to rotate due to the close contact between the center conical surface and the part center hole conical surface. When the turntable is required to be locked, the hydraulic oil pipe of the oil inlet of the hydraulic locking of the turntable is communicated with oil, the turntable is locked, meanwhile, the hydraulic oil pipe locked with the control turntable is divided into two oil inlet pipes through a two-turn adapter, one pipe is connected with the turntable, and the other pipe is connected with the rotary shaft oil inlet 26 of the tailstock, so that when the turntable is locked, a hydraulic cavity on the tailstock, which is formed by the hydraulic tension ring 12 and the mandrel 32, is filled with hydraulic oil, the pressure is the same as the hydraulic pressure locked by the turntable, the hydraulic tension ring 12 is also the pressure, so that the inner circular surface of the hydraulic tension ring is tightly contacted with the corresponding outer circular surface of the rotary shaft 16, the rotary shaft 16 is tightly held, the rotary shaft 16 cannot rotate, and meanwhile, the rotary freedom degree of the mandrel 32 is limited by the angular limiting block 11, so that a stable state is formed, the impact caused by part machining can be resisted, and the stability and the accuracy of the machining size of the part are ensured.
When the machining is finished, firstly, a hydraulic oil port valve of the center oil inlet 1 is opened, then hydraulic oil in a hydraulic station is input into a hydraulic oil cavity far away from one end of the hydraulic end cover 33 in two hydraulic oil cavities formed by the hydraulic end cover 33, the base 23 and the mandrel 32 through a hydraulic oil pipe connected with a center oil return port, the mandrel 32 is retracted, the center 15 is separated from a workpiece, and when a limiting block on the mandrel 32 contacts with a limiting block on the hydraulic end cover, the pressurization is stopped.
Because the tip is slowly worn in the process of continuously contacting with the workpiece, a mechanism for replacing the tip is also designed. When the center 15 is worn and needs to be replaced, the hexagonal head of the rotating shaft 16, which is close to the center, is clamped by an open spanner, as shown in fig. 4, the dust cover 31 is detached, the ejector rod 30 is rotated by the inner hexagonal spanner, the center 15 is ejected out of the inner taper hole of the rotating shaft 16, the ejector rod 30 is retracted, the dust cover 31 is screwed, and the replacement of the center can be completed by inserting a new center 15 into the inner taper hole of the rotating shaft 16.
3. Hydraulic locking structure of rotary shaft
As shown in the hydraulic locking structure of the rotary shaft in fig. 3, the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 is a cylindrical thin wall made of elastic metal or elastic polymer material, sealing grooves are formed in two ends of the cylindrical thin wall, flanges are formed at one ends of the cylindrical thin wall, hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 with the fourth sealing ring (9) mounted on the mandrel 32 through the inner hexagon screw 20 from the oil inlet of the rotary oil inlet 26, a hydraulic oil cavity is formed between the outer side of the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 and the inner side of the mandrel, the gap between the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 and the mandrel 32 is sealed by the fourth sealing ring (9), as shown in fig. 4, the thin wall part of the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 is deformed along with the increase of the pressure of hydraulic oil in the oil inlet of the rotary oil inlet 26, so that the rotary shaft 16 is clamped tightly, the rotary shaft is completely rotated at the moment, after the machining is completed, the valve of the rotary oil outlet 27 is opened, the hydraulic oil in the oil cavity flows out from the oil outlet, the hydraulic tensioning ring 12 is recovered to be the original along with the reduction of the pressure of the oil cavity, and the rotary shaft 16 is loosened. Throughout the process, the hydraulic tensioner 12 is fixed to the mandrel 32 and is not rotated. When the hydraulic tension ring is not in hydraulic pressure, the rotating shaft and the center rotate along with each other, and fig. 4 is a 3D diagram of the hydraulic tension ring 12. A seal ring mounting groove 37 is provided.
4. Hydraulic propulsion anti-rotation mechanism
As shown in fig. 5, the mandrel is divided into left and right sides by a ring where the second seal ring 5 is located. The left side of the mandrel 32, the base 23, the third sealing ring 8, the second sealing ring 5 and the center oil outlet 2 form a hydraulic oil return cavity, and the gap between the mandrel 32 and the base 23 is sealed by the third sealing ring 8 arranged on the base 23; the right is to seal the gap between the ring of the second sealing ring 5 of the mandrel 32 and the base 23 by the second sealing ring (5) mounted on the mandrel 32. The right side of the mandrel 32 is used for forming an advance oil cavity 35 of hydraulic oil by the second sealing ring 5, the base 23, the first sealing ring (4), the sixth sealing ring 28, the center oil inlet 1 and the hydraulic end cover 33. The left side of the oil inlet chamber 35 is a gap between the ring of the second sealing ring 5 of the mandrel 32 and the base 23, which is sealed by the second sealing ring 5 mounted on the mandrel 32, and the right side is a gap between the hydraulic end cover 33 and the base 23, which is sealed by the hydraulic end cover 33 mounted with the first sealing ring (4), and the gap between the hydraulic end cover 33 and the mandrel 32, which is sealed by the hydraulic end cover 33 mounted with the sixth sealing ring 28.
When the working process is finished, hydraulic oil is injected into the oil inlet of the center oil inlet 1, after entering the advance oil cavity, the mandrel 32 is pushed to move leftwards along with the increase of pressure, and the workpiece is supported by the mandrel 32, when the working process is finished, the hydraulic oil is injected into the retraction oil cavity 36 through the oil return port of the center oil outlet 2, so that the mandrel 32 moves rightwards, the center is retracted from the center hole of the workpiece, and the assembly and disassembly of the workpiece are completed.
As shown in fig. 7, the spindle 32, the base 23, the angular stopper 11 and the first socket head cap screw 10 constitute an anti-rotation mechanism of the spindle 32. The mandrel 32 is inserted into the base 23, the position is adjusted, the anti-rotation cavity on the mandrel 32 is overlapped with the square notch of the base 23, the angular limiting block 11 is inserted, the angular limiting block 11 is fixed on the base 23 by the first inner hexagon screw 10, and when the mandrel 32 works, the mandrel 32 can only slide back and forth in the inner hole of the base 23 and cannot rotate.
Claims (2)
1. The pressure-visible adjustable controllable synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock is characterized by comprising a rotary unit, a rotary locking and loosening unit, a hydraulic center pushing and retreating unit and a base unit;
the rotary unit comprises a first pair of tapered roller bearings, a second pair of tapered roller bearings, a fourth sealing ring, a fifth sealing ring, a hydraulic tensioning ring, a second inner hexagonal screw, an end cover, a center, a rotary shaft, a second locking nut, a push rod, a dust cover and a mandrel; the conical surface structure of the center is inserted into the conical hole of the matched rotating shaft,
The inner rings of the first pair of tapered roller bearings and the second pair of tapered roller bearings are arranged on the periphery of the rotating shaft, a fourth sealing ring is arranged at the corresponding position of the outer circle of the hydraulic tensioning ring to form a hydraulic tensioning ring assembly, the arranged fourth sealing ring and the hydraulic tensioning ring can be locked in a central hole of the mandrel under the hydraulic action, and the outer rings of the first pair of tapered roller bearings and the second pair of tapered roller bearings are fixed in an inner hole of the cylindrical mandrel; when the rotary shaft is in operation, the rotary table drives the workpiece to be processed which is tightly propped up by the tip to rotate, and the rotary shaft rotates in the mandrel through the first pair of tapered roller bearings and the second pair of tapered roller bearings; the rotary unit is arranged in the base;
The hydraulic center pushing and retreating unit comprises a first hydraulic component, a center oil inlet matched with the first hydraulic component, a center oil return port, a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring, a third sealing ring, a first inner hexagonal screw, an angular limiting block, a base, a sixth sealing ring, a fifth inner hexagonal screw and a hydraulic end cover; the first sealing ring is a hydraulic sealing ring of the first hydraulic assembly, the cylinder of the first hydraulic assembly pushes the mandrel to translate, and the mandrel is a sleeve piece which can translate and does not rotate and is arranged on the track;
The second sealing ring is arranged on the corresponding position of the outer circle of the mandrel, the installed hydraulic tension ring assembly is inserted into the inner hole of the mandrel, and the second sealing ring is connected with the mandrel through 8 third inner hexagon screws to form the mandrel assembly;
in the first hydraulic assembly, a sixth sealing ring and a first sealing ring are arranged at the corresponding position of an inner hole of a hydraulic end cover of the first hydraulic assembly, a second sealing ring is arranged at the corresponding position of an outer circle of a mandrel, a third sealing ring is arranged at the corresponding position of an inner hole of a base, a rotary locking and loosening unit is arranged in the base, a notch groove on the mandrel is overlapped with a notch groove above the base, an angular limiting block is inserted, the angular limiting block is fixed on the base by a first inner hexagon screw, the hydraulic end cover with the sixth sealing ring and the first sealing ring arranged passes through a small outer circle of the mandrel, the hydraulic end cover is connected with the base by 8 fifth inner hexagon screws, finally, an oil inlet of a center is screwed into the hydraulic end cover by pipe threads, and an oil return opening of the center is screwed into the base by pipe threads; the pressure gauge is arranged and screwed into the hydraulic end cover through pipe threads;
Inserting the conical surface of the center into a conical hole of a rotating shaft, installing a first tapered roller bearing on the rotating shaft, screwing in a second lock nut and screwing to enable one end of an inner ring of the second tapered roller bearing to tightly lean against a bearing block step of the rotating shaft, inserting the center of the center assembly outwards, inserting the other end of the center assembly into a mandrel assembly to enable one end of an outer ring of the second tapered roller bearing to lean against the bearing block step of the mandrel assembly, and installing an end cover which is fixed by 8 second inner hexagon screws and is provided with a fifth sealing ring; then the first tapered roller bearing is arranged on the rotary shaft through an inner hole of the mandrel, one end of the first tapered roller bearing is abutted against a bearing gear of the mandrel, a first inner hexagonal screw is screwed, the ejector rod is arranged in the rotary shaft, and the dust cover is screwed into the mandrel; the end cover assembly penetrates through a rotary shaft provided with one end of a center, so that the bearing pressing end of the end cover is pressed on the other end of the outer ring of the second tapered roller bearing, and the end cover is connected with the mandrel assembly through 8 second inner hexagon screws;
The first tapered roller bearing is arranged on the rotary shaft through an inner hole at the other end of the mandrel, so that one end of an outer ring of the first tapered roller bearing is abutted against a bearing gear of the mandrel assembly, and an inner ring at the same end is abutted against the bearing gear of the rotary shaft, screwed into a first nut and screwed; screwing the ejector rod into the rotary shaft to a proper position; screwing the dust cover into the mandrel; the rotary oil inlet and the pipe thread of the rotary oil outlet are screwed into the corresponding pipe thread interface on the mandrel respectively from the lower part of the base assembly, and the direction of the rotary oil inlet and the direction of the rotary oil outlet are adjusted;
the rotary locking and loosening unit comprises a second hydraulic component, a hydraulic tensioning ring, a third inner hexagon screw, a rotary oil inlet and a rotary oil outlet of the second hydraulic component;
The second hydraulic component on the outer circle of the mandrel is provided with a rotary oil inlet and a rotary oil outlet, the hydraulic tensioning ring is of a thin-wall cylinder shape made of elastic metal or elastic polymer material, and a rotary shaft is coaxially arranged in the cylinder; the two ends of the cylinder are provided with sealing grooves, at least one end of the cylinder is provided with a flange, and the flange is locked on the mandrel, so that a hydraulic oil cavity is formed between the outer side of the hydraulic tensioning ring and the inner side of the mandrel, and a gap between the hydraulic tensioning ring and the mandrel is sealed by a first sealing ring;
The hydraulic tensioning ring is a cylindrical thin wall made of elastic metal or elastic polymer material, sealing grooves are formed in two ends of the cylinder, flanges are arranged at one end of the cylinder, hydraulic oil enters from an oil inlet of a rotary oil inlet and is locked on a mandrel through the flanges by a third inner hexagon screw, so that a hydraulic oil cavity is formed between the outer side of the hydraulic tensioning ring and the inner side of the mandrel, the hydraulic oil cavity gap between the hydraulic tensioning ring and the mandrel is sealed by the fourth sealing ring, the thin wall part of the hydraulic tensioning ring is deformed along with the increase of the pressure of the hydraulic oil of the oil inlet of the rotary oil inlet, so that the clamping of the rotary shaft is completed, the rotary shaft is completely rotated at the moment, a valve of a rotary oil outlet is opened after the machining is completed, the hydraulic oil in the oil cavity flows out from the oil outlet, the hydraulic tensioning ring returns to the original sample along with the reduction of the pressure of the oil cavity, and the rotary shaft is loosened; in the whole process, the hydraulic tension ring is fixed on the mandrel and does not rotate; when the hydraulic tension ring is not hydraulic, the rotary shaft and the center rotate along with each other;
the base unit comprises a base, a fourth inner hexagon screw and a positioning block; fixing a positioning block on the base by using a fourth inner hexagon screw, and placing the positioning block in a T-shaped groove of a machine tool;
the sixth sealing ring and the first sealing ring are arranged at the corresponding positions of the inner hole of the hydraulic end cover, the center oil inlet pipe and the pressure gauge are respectively arranged at two corresponding pipe thread positions of the inclined side surface of the hydraulic end cover through pipe threads, and the positions of parts are adjusted to form the hydraulic end cover assembly;
the third sealing ring is arranged at the corresponding position of the inner hole of the base, the center oil return port is arranged in the outer side of the base corresponding to the pipe threaded hole through pipe threads, and the position of a part is adjusted to form a base assembly;
an inner hole of the hydraulic end cover assembly is sleeved on the outer circle of the small end of the mandrel, and after the directions of the pressure gauge and the center oil inlet are adjusted, 8 fifth inner hexagon screws are used for fixing the hydraulic end cover assembly on the base assembly; 2 positioning blocks are respectively arranged in the clamping grooves on the bottom surface of the base component, and
The fourth inner hexagon screw is fixed on the base component; and (5) finishing the assembly of the tailstock.
2. The synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock with the adjustable and controllable pressure according to claim 1, wherein the rotary unit is installed in the base, so that a rotary oil inlet and a rotary oil outlet which are arranged on a second hydraulic component on the outer circle of the mandrel face the ground direction of the base, and the rotary oil inlet and the rotary oil outlet are respectively installed on the mandrel from the lower part of the base; when the rotary oil inlet is in operation, the rotary oil outlet is respectively connected with an oil inlet interface and an oil outlet interface which are hydraulically locked by the rotary table, when the oil inlet which is hydraulically locked by the rotary table is communicated with oil, the rotary table is locked, and the rotary shaft is locked by the hydraulic tension ring which is compressed and deformed by the oil fed by the rotary oil inlet; when the oil outlet of the hydraulic release of the turntable is communicated with oil, the turntable is released, and the rotary shaft locked by the hydraulic tensioning ring is restored by elastic deformation of the hydraulic tensioning ring after oil is drained through the rotary oil outlet, so that the locking state is released.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210397293.6A CN114799240B (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Pressure-visible adjustable controllable synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock |
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| CN202210397293.6A CN114799240B (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Pressure-visible adjustable controllable synchronous locking hydraulic tailstock |
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| CN114799240B true CN114799240B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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| CN116197420A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-06-02 | 安阳鑫盛机床股份有限公司 | Tailstock structure of intelligent numerical control machine tool |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113681039A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-23 | 宁波海天精工股份有限公司 | Vertical machining center fourth shaft with servo tailstock |
| CN113790201A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-14 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Three-jaw telescopic hydraulic tensioning positioning pin |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB1193078A (en) * | 1966-09-23 | 1970-05-28 | Jones & Shipman A A Ltd | Work Supports for Machine Tools. |
| JPH0574705U (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-12 | オークマ株式会社 | Center with heart adjustment mechanism |
| CN207616262U (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-07-17 | 宏领机械科技(东莞)有限公司 | A kind of small-sized drill bit mill of precision |
| DE102020120958A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-18 | Weiler Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh | Clamping device for a workpiece and a processing machine with such a clamping device |
| CN212734184U (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-03-19 | 无锡市润和机械有限公司 | Oil-gas double-control anti-deformation tailstock |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113681039A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-23 | 宁波海天精工股份有限公司 | Vertical machining center fourth shaft with servo tailstock |
| CN113790201A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-14 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Three-jaw telescopic hydraulic tensioning positioning pin |
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