CN114799156B - Method for preparing carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for preparing carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1084—Alloys containing non-metals by mechanical alloying (blending, milling)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal printing, and particularly provides a method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Taking carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and solvent for vacuum ball milling to prepare carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; (2) Taking carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and aluminum-based powder material, performing vacuum ball milling, and drying and filtering to prepare carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material; (3) And preparing the carbon nano tube modified powder material by adopting a 3D printing method. The metal 3D printing method can avoid the problems that the structure of the carbon nano tube is difficult to keep due to pressure casting in the prior art, the powder metallurgy can cause the generation of brittle phases such as aluminum carbon compound and the like in the long-time sintering process, and the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by the powder metallurgy is easy to crack in the subsequent part production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing.
Background
The aluminum-based material has the advantages of small density, corrosion resistance, good processing performance and the like. With the development of modern industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, transportation and the like, higher performance requirements are put on specific strength, specific rigidity, wear resistance, heat resistance, fatigue resistance and the like of the materials.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are the fifth allotrope of carbon (the first four are graphite, diamond, buckyballs, and amorphous carbon, respectively) found in the laboratory by the japanese electron microscopy expert ijima in 1991. The carbon nanotubes can be regarded as geometric seamless graphite tubes formed by curling single-layer or multi-layer graphite sheets, each layer of the carbon nanotubes is a cylindrical surface surrounded by a hexagonal plane formed by completely bonding carbon atoms with surrounding 3 carbon atoms through an sp2 hybridization structure, and two ends of the carbon nanotubes are sealed by pentagonal or heptagonal combination. The carbon nano tube is used as a novel self-assembled single-molecule material, has extremely small scale and excellent mechanical property, theoretical calculation and results show that the Young modulus of the carbon nano tube is as high as 5TPa, the strength is about 100 times that of steel as that of diamond, the density is only 1/6 of that of steel, and the carbon nano tube is the material with highest specific strength and specific rigidity at present, so that the carbon nano tube has good application prospect in the field of aluminum-based composite materials as the structure material with excellent performance which is internationally recognized at present.
However, the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the aluminum-based composite material and the infiltration between the carbon nanotubes and the aluminum-based matrix are realistic problems faced by the development of the composite material, and in the prior art, the preparation method of the carbon nanotube-aluminum-based composite material mainly comprises a powder metallurgy method and a pressure casting method. The powder metallurgy method is the earliest process for preparing the metal matrix composite material, and the method is characterized in that carbon nanotubes and aluminum powder are uniformly stirred and mixed, and then ball milling, drying, compaction, sintering and the like are carried out; the pressure casting method is one of the most common methods, and is characterized in that carbon nano tubes are added into molten liquid metal, when reinforcing phase carbon nano tubes are slowly added into the liquid metal, a mechanical stirrer is used for strong stirring, and the carbon nano tubes are pressed by huge pressure formed by vortex flow to be dispersed in a metal matrix, so that the purpose of dispersion is achieved, and the uniformly dispersed carbon nano tube reinforcing metal matrix composite material is prepared.
The metal 3D printing technology, also called additive manufacturing technology, is a rapid forming technology which is based on a digital model and can design and realize a composite structure of materials by using powdery metal materials in a layer-by-layer printing mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for preparing a carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing and a composite material thereof, which aim to avoid the problems that the structure of the carbon nanotube is difficult to retain by pressure casting, the powder metallurgy can cause the generation of brittle phases such as aluminum carbon compounds and the like in the long-time sintering process, and the carbon nanotube modified aluminum matrix composite material blank prepared by the powder metallurgy is easy to crack in the subsequent part production, and the key technology of the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material based on the 3D printing technology is expanded.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and a solvent into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and performing ball milling to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 2-4 parts of carbon nano tube, 15-20 parts of graphite powder, 0.2-0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of solvent; the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the material is (3-5): 1, ball milling time is 30-60 min, and ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm;
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: according to the weight portion ratio, 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, the ball milling products are taken out, dried and filtered, and the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material with the carbon content of 1-3% is obtained; wherein the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the material is (10-15): 1, the ball milling time is 4-6 h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm;
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder of a 3D printer to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, introducing the modeling material into a computer control system, and preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following technological parameters: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.15 mm, the laser power is 200-300W, and the laser speed is 1000-1250 mm/s.
Further, in the step (1), the carbon nanotubes are multiwall carbon nanotubes, and the particle size is 40-60 nm.
Further, in the step (1), the graphite powder is a graphite powder with a specification of 3000 meshes and a purity of 99.99%.
Further, in the step (1), the solvent is absolute ethanol.
Further, in the step (1), the vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa, the vacuum degree in the step (2) is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa。
Further, in the step (1), the grinding balls are agate balls, and in the step (2), the grinding balls are zirconia balls.
Further, in the step (2), the aluminum-based powder is high-purity metal aluminum powder, the purity is 99.9%, and the particle size is 15-53 μm.
Further, in the step (2), the filtering is a screen filtering, and the number of the screen meshes is 200 mesh.
The carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by adopting the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method for preparing the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing comprises the steps of firstly preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid, then preparing the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and an aluminum matrix powder material into a carbon nano tube modified aluminum matrix powder material, and finally directly printing by a metal 3D printing method to obtain the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material; the 3D printing method can avoid the problems that the pressure casting method is too high, the structure of the carbon nano tube is difficult to keep due to mechanical strong stirring, the powder metallurgy method generates brittle phases such as aluminum carbon compounds and the like in the long-time sintering process to influence a series of properties such as hardness and strength of the composite material, and the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by the powder metallurgy is easy to crack in the subsequent part production, and the development period and the development cost of the aluminum-based composite material can be greatly reduced.
(2) The carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has reasonable components, the oriented three-dimensional structure of the composite material is effectively constructed by adding graphite powder on the basis of the carbon nano tube, the interfacial thermal resistance between different layers is reduced, meanwhile, the organic compatibility of the carbon nano tube is improved by adding PVP, the uniform dispersion of the carbon nano tube in an organic solvent is facilitated, and the heat conducting property of the composite material is further improved.
(3) The carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has excellent performance, and tests show that compared with the traditional aluminum alloy material, the aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has higher hardness and heat dissipation performance, the method phase heat emissivity can reach 0.95, and the method phase heat emissivity is improved by more than 30% compared with the traditional aluminum alloy material, so that the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material has a higher application prospect in the field of miniaturization of electronic components.
(4) The preparation method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing has the advantages of low-cost and easily obtained raw materials, simple and mild conditions, no need of any special treatment process, suitability for process production and high economic and practical values.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The reagent raw materials used in the invention can be purchased from commercial sources, and are cheap and easy to obtain.
Carbon nanotubes are purchased from chinese academy of sciences, inc;
graphite is purchased from chinese academy of sciences, inc;
aluminum powder was purchased from middle-aged carrier powder metallurgy technology (Beijing);
absolute ethanol was purchased from wuhan san-he chemical company, limited liability;
ball mill model QM-3SP4 was purchased from Nanjing instruments Inc.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, and performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 4 parts of carbon nano-tubes (multi-wall carbon nano-tubes, particle size is 40-60 nm), 15 parts of graphite powder (specification is 3000 meshes, purity is 99.99%), 0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the materials is 5:1, the ball milling time is 30-60 min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500 rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, the ball milling products are taken out, dried and filtered, and carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material with 3 percent of carbon content is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of grinding ball and material= (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6 h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and then introducing the modeling material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12 mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, and performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 2. 20 parts of graphite powder (99.99% of mass fraction), 0.2 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; mass ratio of grinding ball to material = 3:1, ball milling time is 30-60 min, ball milling rotating speed is 1000rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1×10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, the ball milling products are taken out, dried and filtered, and carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material with the carbon content of 2% is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of grinding ball and material= (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6 h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and then introducing the modeling material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating wind speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.15 mm, the laser power is 300W, and the laser speed is 1100 mm/s.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, and performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 3. 18 parts of graphite powder (99.99% by mass) 0.3 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; mass ratio of grinding ball to material = 4:1, ball milling time is 30-60 min, ball milling rotating speed is 1200rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, the ball milling products are taken out, dried and then filtered, and carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material with the carbon content of 1% is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of grinding ball and material= (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6 h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and then introducing the modeling material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating wind speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12 mm, the laser power is 300W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Comparative example 1
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and performing ball milling to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein each ofThe weight portions of the materials are as follows: 4 parts of carbon nano-tubes (multi-wall carbon nano-tubes with the particle size of 40-60 nm), 0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the materials is 5:1, the ball milling time is 30-60 min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500 rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, and the ball milling products are taken out, dried and filtered, so that carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of grinding ball and material= (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6 h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and then introducing the modeling material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12 mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Comparative example 2
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, and performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 4 parts of carbon nano tubes (multi-wall carbon nano tubes with the particle size of 40-60 nm), 15 parts of graphite powder (with the specification of 3000 meshes and the purity of 99.99 percent) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the materials is 5:1, the ball milling time is 30-60 min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500 rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid are taken according to the proportionPlacing the aluminum-based powder material into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then performing ball milling to obtain a ball milling product, taking out the ball milling product, drying and then filtering to obtain the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material; wherein, the mass ratio of grinding ball and material= (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6 h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and then introducing the modeling material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12 mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Comparative example 3
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, and performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 4 parts of carbon nano-tubes (multi-wall carbon nano-tubes, particle size is 40-60 nm), 5 parts of graphite powder (specification is 3000 meshes, purity is 99.99%), 0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the materials is 5:1, the ball milling time is 30-60 min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500 rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, the ball milling products are taken out, dried and filtered, and carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material with 3 percent of carbon content is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of grinding ball and material= (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6 h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, and vacuum degree is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and then introducing the modeling material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12 mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Test example 1
To test the performance of different aluminum-based composite materials, the carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials and the common aluminum alloy materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance test on material samples according to national standards, and the test results are recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test of samples of different carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the conventional common aluminum alloy material, the method phase heat emissivity of the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is remarkably improved, and most preferably, the method phase heat emissivity can reach 0.95, and compared with the conventional common aluminum alloy material, the method phase heat emissivity is improved by 30%, which shows that the method can remarkably improve the heat conduction and heat dissipation performance of the conventional aluminum-based material, and has a higher application prospect in the field of miniaturization of electronic components. Meanwhile, compared with the embodiment 1, the comparison example 1 is different in that no graphite powder is added, so that the method phase heat emissivity is reduced to some extent, and the fact that the carbon nano tube layer and the graphite layer cannot form an oriented three-dimensional structure after the graphite powder is absent is indicated that the interface thermal resistance between different layers is overlarge, and finally the heat conduction performance of the composite material is influenced; compared with the embodiment 1, the comparison example 2 is different in that PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) is not added, so that the thermal emissivity of the method phase is obviously reduced, which indicates that PVP mainly plays a role in improving the organic compatibility of the carbon nano tube in the preparation process of the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and the lack of PVP is unfavorable for the dispersion of the carbon nano tube in an organic solvent, thereby influencing the performance; and it can be seen from comparing the test data of example 3 and examples 1 to 3 that the ratio of the amounts of carbon nanotubes and graphite powder was changed to 0.8 parts: at 1 part, comparative example 3 provides a composite material having inferior thermal conductivity to examples 1-3, which further verifies the rationality of the material formulation of the present invention.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for preparing the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: placing the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP and a solvent into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and performing ball milling to obtain a ball milling product carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein, each material weight portion is: 2-4 parts of carbon nano tube, 15-20 parts of graphite powder, 0.2-0.4 part of PVP and the balance of solvent; the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the material is (3-5): 1, ball milling time is 30-60 min, and ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm; the grinding balls are agate balls;
(2) Preparing carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder: according to the weight portion ratio, 1 part of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder material are put into a clean ball mill, ball milling is carried out after vacuum pumping, ball milling products are obtained, the ball milling products are taken out, dried and filtered, and the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material with the carbon content of 1% -3% is obtained; wherein the mass ratio of the grinding ball to the material is (10-15): 1, the ball milling time is 4-6 h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm; the grinding balls are zirconia balls;
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder of a 3D printer to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, introducing the modeling material into a computer control system, and preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following technological parameters: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as a printing bin protective gas, the oxygen content of the printing bin is less than 500 ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing bin is 1 m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.15 mm, the laser power is 200-300W, and the laser speed is 1000-1250 mm/s.
2. The method for preparing a carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the particle size is 40-60 nm.
3. The method for preparing a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the graphite powder is a graphite powder with a specification of 3000 meshes and a purity of 99.99%.
4. The method for preparing a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composite by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the solvent is absolute ethanol.
5. The method for preparing a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composite by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the vacuum degree is 0.1×10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa, the vacuum degree in the step (2) is 0.1X10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa。
6. The method for preparing a carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the aluminum matrix is high-purity aluminum metal powder, the purity is 99.9%, and the particle size is 15-53 μm.
7. The method for preparing a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composite by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the filtration is a screen filtration, and the screen mesh number is 200 mesh.
8. A carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7.
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