CN114793801A - Rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning - Google Patents
Rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The application provides a rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning, which comprises the following steps: setting a first period rice planting mode based on a preset first period planting guide information set, and planting rice according to the first period rice planting mode; and changing the autumn rotary tillage in the first period planting guide information set into autumn tillage to obtain a second period planting guide information set, setting a second period rice planting mode based on a preset second period planting guide information set, and planting rice according to the second period rice planting mode. Because this application through first cycle planting guide information set and second cycle planting guide information each item parameter of setting up in a set, accurately and high-efficiently guides rice planting, has not only solved the difficult problem of returning the field of rice straw to field, makes the field of rice straw total still to be favorable to improving paddy field soil fertility level, makes the rice obtain higher output, can show the greenhouse gas emission that reduces the paddy field moreover.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning.
Background
Rice is the first major food crop in China. Among them, the production of rice in cold regions plays an important strategic role in guaranteeing national food safety.
However, the problems of difficult straw returning, high greenhouse gas emission and the like exist in the rice planting process in cold regions in China all the time.
The problem of high greenhouse gas emission is not only related to international commitments of 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutralization targets in China, but also can actually cause the average temperature of the earth to rise, further cause global climate abnormity, and even possibly cause extreme natural disasters such as melting of glaciers in the north and south.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning, which can solve the problems of difficult straw returning, high greenhouse gas emission and the like in the existing rice planting process in cold regions.
The technical scheme of the application is that the rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning comprises the following steps:
setting a first period rice planting mode based on a preset first period planting guide information set, and planting rice according to the first period rice planting mode, wherein the first period planting guide information set sequentially comprises: harvesting rice by a combine harvester, crushing straws and uniformly throwing the straws on the ground, wherein the soil preparation mode is autumn rotary tillage, the base fertilizer application is carried out according to preset base fertilizer application parameters, the pulp stirring is carried out by a non-driving pulp stirring machine provided with a disc cutter, the rice transplanting is carried out according to preset rice transplanting specifications, and the ear fertilizer application is carried out according to preset ear fertilizer application parameters;
and changing the autumn rotary tillage in the first period planting guide information set into autumn tillage to obtain a second period planting guide information set, setting a second period rice planting mode based on a preset second period planting guide information set, and planting rice according to the second period rice planting mode.
Optionally, the method of harvesting rice by a combine harvester when harvesting in the first planting guide information set and the second planting guide information set each comprises:
harvesting rice by a combine harvester and crushing the harvested straws into 10cm, and uniformly scattering the crushed straws on the surface of the rice field.
Optionally, the autumn rotary tillage depth range when the first period planting guidance information is centralized for soil preparation is more than 15 cm.
Optionally, the autumn ploughing depth range of the second period planting guidance information during centralized soil preparation is 18-22 cm.
Optionally, the preset base fertilizer application parameters include:
the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 36kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 30kg/hm 2 And the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 70kg/hm 2 。
Optionally, the preset transplanting specification is set according to a row spacing of 30cm × 12 cm.
Optionally, the preset parameters for applying the panicle fertilizer comprise:
the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 18kg/hm 2 And the application amount of the potash fertilizer is 18kg/hm 2 。
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and repeating the step of planting the rice according to the first periodic rice planting mode until the discharge amount of the greenhouse gases in the rice field meets a preset standard.
In summary, the application provides a method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in a rice field based on straw returning, which comprises key technical links of timely harvesting previous rice, crushing and uniformly scattering straws to return to the field, land preparation operation (crop rotation, rotary tillage in the first autumn and the second autumn and turning over) and non-driven slurry stirring in spring, flat land grass burying, transplanting, fertilizing, water management and the like, and conventional management technologies of disease, pest and weed control and the like.
Because the rice planting is accurately and efficiently guided by various parameters which are intensively set by the first period planting guide information set and the second period planting guide information set, the method not only can solve the problem that the rice straws are difficult to return to the field, but also is beneficial to improving the fertility level of the soil of the rice field, and enables the rice to obtain higher yield, and can obviously reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field, so the method is very important for fertilizing and protecting black land, and ensuring the 'grain absolute safety' in China, and can directly help China to realize the international commitment about carbon peak reaching in 2030 and carbon neutral and target in 2060 years.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in a paddy field based on straw returning in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first periodic rice planting pattern according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a table showing the types of fertilizers applied and the amounts applied in the respective fertilization stages in the examples of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a table showing the types of fertilizers applied and the amount of the applied fertilizer at each stage in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the technical points of a second period rice planting pattern in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another method for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in a rice field based on straw returning in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a data table comparing rice planting treatment results of a control group and a test group in 2018 in the example of the present application;
fig. 8 is a data table comparing rice planting treatment results of the control group and the test group in 2019 in the example of the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
The application provides a rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning in the embodiment of the application, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: setting a first period rice planting mode based on a preset first period planting guide information set, planting rice according to the first period rice planting mode, wherein the first period planting guide information set sequentially comprises: harvesting rice by a combine harvester, performing soil preparation in autumn, applying base fertilizer by preset base fertilizer application parameters, stirring by a non-driven stirring machine provided with a disc cutter, transplanting rice by preset transplanting specifications, and applying spike fertilizer by preset spike fertilizer application parameters.
Specifically, typically, one planting cycle of the present embodiment is three years.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of technical points of a first period rice planting mode in the embodiment of the present application, which shows a rice planting process in a year from left to right, shows a rice planting process in a year from top to bottom, and each row shows key contents in a technical time period, a technical point and a technical point in the rice planting mode from top to bottom in sequence.
First year to second year
Harvesting of rice: harvesting rice in time by a combine harvester when the rice is mature from the late 9 th to the early 10 th of the first year, crushing the harvested rice straws to about 10cm, and uniformly scattering the crushed rice straws on the surface of the rice field.
Land preparation: the soil preparation is carried out in a mode of autumn rotary tillage, straws are buried in the soil of the paddy field during the autumn rotary tillage, and the depth range of the autumn rotary tillage is more than 15 cm.
Application of base fertilizer: and applying base fertilizers in the last 5 th month of the next year, wherein the base fertilizers comprise nitrogenous fertilizers, potash fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a data table of fertilization types and application amounts in each fertilization phase in the present embodiment, and in the base fertilizer application phase, the fertilization types in the present embodiment include: nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer (urea, nitrogen content of 46% and nitrogen contained in diammonium phosphate) is 36kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 30kg/hm 2 And 70kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, wherein the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide are respectively 18% and 46%) 2 . As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a table showing the types and amounts of fertilizers applied in the various fertilization stages of the prior art, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the present example is significantly reduced in the base fertilizer application stage compared to the prior art.
Stirring slurry: and stirring the slurry after the base fertilizer is applied. When the blade rotates in the soil, the straw is easily turned out of the soil surface, so that a large amount of straw floats.
Transplanting rice seedlings: the slurry is stirred and settled for about 5 days, and the rice transplanting is started. The preset transplanting specification in the embodiment of the application is set according to the row-to-row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 12 cm. In the prior art, the standard of transplanting rice seedlings is that 30cm multiplied by 14cm is taken as a basic transplanting unit, namely the standard of transplanting rice seedlings is set according to the row-to-hole distance of 30cm multiplied by 14 cm.
Application of striking root fertilizer and tillering fertilizer: and after the stirring is finished, applying a green returning fertilizer for one time before the bottom of 5 months to promote the green returning of the rice, and applying a tillering fertilizer for one time in the middle of 6 months to promote the tillering of the rice. The two fertilizer applications were nitrogen fertilizers (urea, nitrogen content 46%) and 45kg/hm 2 。
Application of spike fertilizer: applying spike fertilizer in the first ten days of 7 months to promote the rice spike pregnancy. The applied fertilizer types comprise nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, the nitrogen content is 20.5%) is 18kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 18kg/hm 2 . In the prior art, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, the nitrogen content is 20.5%) is 18kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 30kg/hm 2 Therefore, in the stage of applying the spike fertilizer, the application amount of the potash fertilizer in the embodiment of the present application is significantly reduced compared to the prior art.
The water management of the rice field in the embodiment of the application is carried out according to the modes of early-stage shallow water irrigation, middle-stage field drying and later-stage dry-wet alternation, and the control of diseases, pests, weeds and the like is carried out according to the conventional high-yield technology.
S2: changing the soil preparation mode in the first period planting guidance information set into autumn ploughing to obtain a second period planting guidance information set, setting a second period rice planting mode based on the preset second period planting guidance information set, and planting rice according to the second period rice planting mode.
Specifically, after the rice is planted according to the first periodic rice planting pattern, rice planting is started according to the second periodic rice planting pattern.
Second year to third year
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the technical points of a second period rice planting pattern in the embodiment of the present application, and the first period rice planting pattern and the second rice planting pattern are the same except for a land preparation manner, wherein the land preparation in the second period rice planting pattern adopts autumn ploughing and the depth of the autumn ploughing is 18-22 cm. Compare in fixed soil preparation mode, autumn rotary tillage and autumn turn over to plough and use alternately, more be of value to the solution of this application technical problem.
In conclusion, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the prior art and the examples of the present application is 180kg/hm 2 And 144kg/hm 2 (the total amount of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 20%), and the base fertilizer, the striking root fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are applied for 4 times; and the application amount of the potash fertilizer in the prior art and the application example is 60kg/hm respectively 2 And 48kg/hm 2 (the total amount of the conventional potash fertilizer is reduced by 20%), and the potash fertilizer is applied by 2 times of base fertilizer and spike fertilizer.
The application also provides a rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning in the embodiment of the application, and the rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning further includes the following steps:
s3: and repeating the step of planting the rice according to the first period rice planting mode until the emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field meets the preset standard.
Specifically, after the rice is planted according to the second period rice planting mode, if the greenhouse gas emission of the rice field does not meet the expected standard, the rice planting process including the first period rice planting mode and the second period rice planting mode is repeatedly executed until the greenhouse gas emission of the rice field meets the preset standard.
Example one
In order to more clearly and accurately illustrate the present application, the following examples are now described.
Test field: the test base of the agricultural academy of sciences in Heilongjiang province is democratic in the outer area of HalBin city in Heilongjiang province.
Test group setup: the technical scheme in the application is set as a test group and a control group is set.
Land for test: the test land area of the test group and the control group is 3 mu.
Testing time; between 2017 and 2019 and 10 months.
Test materials: the nitrogen fertilizers used for the test were urea (nitrogen content: 46%), diammonium phosphate (nitrogen content: 18%) and ammonium sulfate (nitrogen content: 20.5%); the phosphate fertilizer used for the test is diammonium phosphate (wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 46%); the potassium fertilizer used in the test was potassium sulfate (potassium oxide content: 50%).
And (3) test process:
first year to second year
(1) Harvesting of Rice
And harvesting the rice after the rice is mature from 9 months to 10 months in 2017.
The control group and the test group harvest rice in time by adopting a combine harvester, the harvested rice straws are crushed to about 10cm, and the crushed rice straws are uniformly scattered on the surface of the rice field.
(2) Soil preparation
And (3) burying the straws in the soil by adopting a spring ploughing mode in the soil preparation of the control group, wherein the spring ploughing depth range is 18-22 cm.
The test group is carried out in a mode of rotary tillage in autumn when soil is prepared, straws are buried in soil of a paddy field when the rotary tillage in autumn, and the depth range of the rotary tillage in autumn is more than 15 cm.
(3) Applying base fertilizer
And applying base fertilizer in the middle-upper ten days of 5 months in 2018.
Control group: the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, nitrogen content 46% and nitrogen in diammonium phosphate) applied was 72kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 30kg/hm 2 And the amount of phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, wherein the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide are 18% and 46%, respectively) applied was 70kg/hm 2 。
Test groups: nitrogen fertilizer (urea, nitrogen content 46% and phosphoric acid)Nitrogen in diammonium) was applied in an amount of 36kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 30kg/hm 2 And the amount of phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, wherein the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide are 18% and 46%, respectively) applied was 70kg/hm 2 。
(4) Slurry stirring device
Control group: the conventional slurry stirring machine is adopted, blades are arranged on the conventional slurry stirring machine, and when the blades rotate in soil, straws are easily turned out of the soil surface, so that a large amount of straws float.
Test groups: the non-drive slurry stirring machine is adopted, the blade is not installed on the non-drive slurry stirring machine, the disc cutter is installed, and straws are pressed into soil through the rotating disc cutter during slurry stirring, so that the straws are prevented from floating.
(5) Rice transplanting
The slurry is stirred and settled for about 5 days, and the rice transplanting is started.
Control group: the rice transplanting specification is set according to the row-hole spacing of 30cm multiplied by 14 cm.
Test groups: the rice transplanting is set according to the preset rice transplanting specification, namely the row spacing is 30cm multiplied by 12 cm.
(6) Application of striking root fertilizer and tillering fertilizer
Applying the striking root fertilizer once before the end of 5 months in 2018, and applying the tillering fertilizer once in the middle of 6 months in 2018. The two fertilizer applications were nitrogen fertilizers (urea, nitrogen content 46%) and 45kg/hm 2 。
(7) Application of panicle fertilizer
Applying spike fertilizer in the middle-upper 7 months in 2018.
Control group: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, the nitrogen content is 20.5%) is 18kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 30kg/hm 2 。
Test groups: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, the nitrogen content is 20.5%) is 18kg/hm 2 And the application amount of the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 50%) is 18kg/hm 2 。
(8) Management of paddy field and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
In the planting process from the first year to the second year, the water management of the test group and the control group is the same, and the water management is carried out according to the mode of shallow water irrigation in the early stage, field drying in the middle stage and alternation of dry and wet in the later stage; the control group and the test group are consistent in the control of diseases, pests and weeds and the like, and are managed according to the conventional high-yield technology.
Second year to third year
Compared with the test process from the first year to the second year, the technical points of the stage only in the land preparation stage are different, and the differences are as follows:
(9) soil preparation
And the control group is carried out in a spring ploughing mode during soil preparation, straws are buried in the soil of the rice field during spring ploughing, and the spring ploughing depth range is 18-22 cm.
The test group is carried out in an autumn ploughing mode during soil preparation, straws are buried in soil of a paddy field during autumn ploughing, and the depth range of the autumn ploughing is 18-22 cm.
(10) Management of paddy field and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
In the planting process from the second year to the third year, the water management of the test group and the control group is the same, and the water management is carried out according to the mode of shallow water irrigation in the early stage, field drying in the middle stage and alternation of dry and wet in the later stage; the control group and the test group are consistent in the control of diseases, pests and weeds and the like, and are managed according to the conventional high-yield technology.
After the planting process is completed, the rice is mature from 2019 in the last 9 th to 10 th months. The technical group and the conventional control group both harvest rice by a combine harvester to obtain data as shown in fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 is a data table for comparing rice planting treatment results of the control group and the test group in 2018 in the embodiment of the present application, and fig. 8 is a data table for comparing rice planting treatment results of the control group and the test group in 2019 in the embodiment of the present application.
According to the data in fig. 7, compared with the control group, the test group can increase the organic matter content of soil by 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm by 0.68g/kg and 3.32g/kg respectively, the alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of 20-30 cm by 11.5%, the effective phosphorus content of 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm by 2.9% and 11.0%, the effective phosphorus content of 10-20 cm by 14.3%, and the quick-acting potassium content of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm by 0.5%, 10.4% and 8.5%, respectively.
In addition, as can be seen from the combination of fig. 7 and 8, compared with the control group, the test group can significantly increase the rice yield by 2.5% -5.4%, significantly increase the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 28.2% -31.8%, and respectively reduce the methane emission, the nitrous oxide emission, the global warming potential of the combined global warming potential and the global warming potential of the unit yield by 30.0%, 26.7%, 29.9% and 32.4% on average.
The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail, but the present application is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present application shall fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in a rice field based on straw returning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting a first period rice planting mode based on a preset first period planting guide information set, and planting rice according to the first period rice planting mode, wherein the first period planting guide information set sequentially comprises: harvesting rice by a combine harvester, crushing straws and uniformly throwing the straws on the ground, wherein the soil preparation mode is autumn rotary tillage, the base fertilizer application is carried out according to preset base fertilizer application parameters, the pulp stirring is carried out by a non-driving pulp stirring machine provided with a disc cutter, the rice transplanting is carried out according to preset rice transplanting specifications, and the ear fertilizer application is carried out according to preset ear fertilizer application parameters;
and changing the autumn rotary tillage in the first period planting guide information set into autumn ploughing to obtain a second period planting guide information set, setting a second period rice planting mode based on a preset second period planting guide information set, and planting rice according to the second period rice planting mode.
2. The method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting methods of rice by the combine harvester in the first planting guide information set and the second planting guide information set each comprise:
harvesting rice by a combine harvester and crushing the harvested straws into 10cm, and uniformly scattering the crushed straws on the surface of the rice field.
3. The method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the autumn rotary tillage depth range when the first period planting guidance information is centralized for soil preparation is more than 15 cm.
4. The method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the autumn plowing depth range when the second period planting guidance information is centralized for soil preparation is 18-22 cm.
5. The emission reduction method for greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset parameters for applying the base fertilizer comprise:
the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 36kg/hm 2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 30kg/hm 2 And the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 70kg/hm 2 。
6. The emission reduction method for greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset rice transplanting specification is set according to a row-hill spacing of 30cm x 12 cm.
7. The method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset parameters for applying the panicle fertilizer comprise:
the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 18kg/hm 2 And the application amount of the potash fertilizer is 18kg/hm 2 。
8. The method for reducing emission of greenhouse gases in paddy field based on straw returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
and repeating the step of planting the rice according to the first periodic rice planting mode until the discharge amount of the greenhouse gases in the rice field meets a preset standard.
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| CN106105930A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-16 | 江西农业大学 | The rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations |
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