CN114793799A - Green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice - Google Patents
Green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114793799A CN114793799A CN202210464333.4A CN202210464333A CN114793799A CN 114793799 A CN114793799 A CN 114793799A CN 202210464333 A CN202210464333 A CN 202210464333A CN 114793799 A CN114793799 A CN 114793799A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- fertilizer
- yield
- green
- super
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and discloses a green high-yield cultivation method of double-cropping super rice, which realizes the green high-yield cultivation of the double-cropping super rice by utilizing the steps of selecting improved seeds, cultivating strong seedlings and the like, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests; selecting a super rice variety with high and stable yield potential and green production characteristics; seedling raising by using a super rice seedling strengthening agent; reasonably close planting is carried out during transplanting; reducing the fertilizer and applying; carrying out accurate quantitative water management on rice; the pest and disease damage is comprehensively and environmentally-friendly, and seeds are disinfected during seed soaking. Ploughing and retting to kill borer in field before transplanting. Before transplanting, the seedlings are transplanted with the long-acting pest and disease control pesticide once. And the pest and disease damage management is carried out by adopting a pest and disease damage green prevention and control mode combining physical measures and a low-risk chemical agent prevention and control technology. The green high-yield cultivation technology for the double-season super rice can still obtain high yield level under the condition of green cultivation, saves cost and can realize the aim of green high yield of the double-season super rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a green high-yield cultivation method of double-season super rice.
Background
The method for guaranteeing the national food safety is the first major matter of economic development and social stability of China, China is the first major country of rice production and consumption in the world, the planting area is large, and the yield-occupying ratio is high. As the population increases, grain production is under great pressure. The full excavation of the rice yield is one of important measures for guaranteeing national food safety, so that the development of related researches for improving the rice yield has important significance.
In order to improve the yield per unit of rice, a research plan for breeding Chinese super rice is formally started in 1996, and a batch of super rice varieties with high yield potential are sequentially cultivated. However, when the super rice is pursued to achieve high yield, the investment of fertilizer, water, pesticide and the like in the cultivation process is correspondingly and greatly improved, the production cost is increased, and the fertilizer and pesticide bring the risk of environmental pollution. The water in the cultivation can obviously influence the formation of effective ears in rice yield factors and the filling and fructification, the water management of the traditional rice field mostly adopts long-term water layer management, not only causes water resource waste, but also easily causes the lack of oxygen in the root system, influences the growth of rice, is difficult to obtain high yield, and does not accord with the requirement of green production. In addition, the traditional rice field nutrient management mostly adopts a strategy of increasing the spike number by excessive fertilization, and the excessive fertilization can cause the green and late maturity of the double cropping rice and influence the growth period of the double cropping rice. But also reduces the utilization rate of the fertilizer and causes environmental pollution. Meanwhile, excessive fertilization easily causes overlarge population growth, causes poor field light transmission and air permeability, is easy to cause plant diseases and insect pests, and increases the usage amount of pesticides. Traditional paddy field pest and disease management uses medicine many times, and adopts chemical pesticide prevention and cure more, not only increases the cost, still causes environmental pollution.
Although the research on the green cultivation technology of rice is carried out at home and abroad, the green cultivation of rice only considers pursuing green production and neglects the requirement on yield, or the yield is difficult to reach the high-yield level under the green cultivation. High yield of rice is still the primary goal pursued at present and for a long time in the future, so that the adoption of green cultivation and high yield in the rice production process is a technical problem to be mainly solved.
Therefore, several key technologies in the double-season super rice green high-yield cultivation technology are tested and verified, researches centered on a double-season super rice green high-yield variety screening technology, a green high-yield seedling production and transplanting technology, a green high-yield fertilization technology, a green high-yield water management technology, a green high-yield pest and disease damage green prevention and control technology and the like are mainly carried out, a double-season super rice green high-yield cultivation technical mode is integrated, and the aim of green high yield of double-season super rice is fulfilled.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) traditional paddy field water management adopts long-term water layer management more, not only causes the water waste, still causes the root system oxygen deficiency easily, influences the rice growth.
(2) In traditional rice field nutrient management, a strategy of increasing the number of ears by excessive fertilization is adopted, and excessive fertilization can cause the green and late maturity of double cropping rice and influence the growth period of the double cropping rice. But also reduces the utilization rate of the fertilizer and causes environmental pollution. Meanwhile, excessive fertilization easily causes overlarge population growth, causes poor field light transmission and air permeability, is easy to cause plant diseases and insect pests, and increases the usage amount of pesticides.
(3) Traditional rice field pest management does not pay attention to control from all links, only considers possible occurrence of pests in a field, has more pesticide application times, adopts chemical pesticides for prevention and control, increases cost and causes environmental pollution.
(4) The existing super rice variety cultivation method cannot give consideration to both high yield and green cultivation, so that the technical problem of adopting green cultivation and obtaining high yield in the rice production process is a key problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice.
The invention is realized in such a way that a double-season super rice green high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
the green high-yield cultivation of the double-season super rice is realized by the steps of selecting good seeds, cultivating strong seedlings, reasonably close planting, decrement fertilization, precise water management and comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
Further, the green high-yield cultivation method of the double-season super rice comprises the following steps:
selecting improved varieties: selecting super rice varieties with high and stable yield potential and green production characteristics, wherein the super rice varieties can realize high yield, improve the utilization rate of moisture and fertilizer and reduce the use of moisture and fertilizer; the pesticide composition can resist one or more plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the use amount of the pesticide;
step two, cultivating strong seedlings: the super rice seedling strengthening agent is used for raising seedlings, strong seedlings are cultivated, and high yield is guaranteed;
step three, reasonably close planting: compared with the traditional cultivation method, the seedling amount is increased by 15-20%, and reasonable close planting is beneficial to improving the yield and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides;
step four, decrement fertilization: compared with the traditional cultivation, the fertilizing amount is reduced by 15-25%, and the reduced fertilization is beneficial to improving the yield and reducing the dual advantages of fertilizer and pesticide;
step five, accurate water management: compared with the traditional cultivation, the water consumption is reduced by 15-30%, and the accurate management of the water is beneficial to improving the yield and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides;
step six, comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: compared with the traditional cultivation, the method has the advantages that the prevention and control medicine is reduced by 2-3 times, all links are comprehensively prevented and controlled, the pest and disease damage management is carried out in a pest and disease damage green prevention and control mode combining physical measures and low-risk chemical agent prevention and control technology, and the comprehensive green prevention and control of pest and disease damage is beneficial to reducing the use advantages of pesticides.
Further, the selecting of the improved variety in the first step comprises:
selecting double-season super rice varieties which have high and stable yield potentials in a plurality of ecological areas, wherein the yield potential of early rice reaches 500 kg/mu and above, the yield potential of late rice reaches 600 kg/mu and above, and the double-season yield potentials are 1100 kg/mu and above; selecting super rice variety with high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, high-efficiency utilization of water and fertilizer, and resistance to one or more diseases and insect pests and having green production characteristics.
Further, the cultivating strong seedlings in the second step comprises:
seed dressing with cold-resistant coating agent reagent, and raising rice seedlings in factory with centralized heat preservation, and raising rice seedlings in open air for super late rice according to weather.
The seedling age is controlled within 30 days, and the early rice and the late rice are thrown or transplanted by a machine when the leaf age is controlled between 3 leaves and 1 heart to 4 leaves and 1 heart.
The seed amount of the super hybrid early rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms, the seed amount of the conventional super early rice field per mu is 3.0 kilograms, and the seed amount of the super hybrid late rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms.
Further, the cultivating strong seedlings comprises:
adopts a soft disk seedling throwing and mechanical seedling transplanting and raising mode, uses seedling strengthening agent when raising seedlings, adds 20g of super rice seedling strengthening agent and 50g of 46 percent urea into each plastic disk, applies the mixture to the bottom of a hole of the plastic disk, scrapes the slurry, seeds and cultures strong seedlings.
Further, the reasonable close planting in the third step comprises:
compared with the traditional cultivation method, the seedling quantity is increased by 15-20% per mu during transplanting. The seedling throwing density of super hybrid early rice per mu is 2.4-2.6 kilo-stumps, the seedling throwing density of conventional super early rice is 2.8-3.0 kilo-stumps, the seedling is transplanted by a machine for 2.1-2.2 kilo-stumps per mu, and each stump contains 2-3 grains; the seedling throwing density per unit area of late rice is 2.0-2.2 thousands of roots, 1.7-1.9 thousands of bags are planted in each unit area of machine-transplanted seedlings, 2-3 grains are planted in each root area, and the seedlings are timely replenished after being transplanted.
Further, the decrement fertilization in the fourth step comprises the following steps:
compared with the traditional cultivation method, the fertilizing amount is reduced by 15-25% during transplanting. The early rice fertilization strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer and early tillering fertilizer, and obtain high yield by multiple ears. Applying pure N per mu: 8.0-10.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 0.8, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 6: 2: 2, application in proportion; k 2 O, base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; the ear fertilizer is applied with 46 percent of urea and 60 percent of potassium chloride in the 2 stage of ear differentiation.
The late rice fertilizer application strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer, apply early tillering fertilizer, move the front nitrogen backward, and promote the big ears to obtain high yield on the basis of stable ear number. Applying pure N per mu: 10.0-12.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: is divided intoAnd (3) fertilizing the tillers: spike fertilizer is 4.5: 2: 3.5 ratio application; k 2 O, base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; applying 46% of urea and 60% of potassium chloride to the panicle fertilizer in the panicle differentiation 2 stage; and (4) spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces within 7 days after the ear is leveled.
Further, the precise moisture management in the fifth step comprises:
compared with the traditional cultivation, the water consumption is reduced by 15-30% during water management. Keeping a 1-2 cm diving layer in the field before transplanting; keeping wet seedlings for standing within 2-3 days after transplanting, promoting root penetration and survival; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm from the survival to the effective tillering period, and keeping 1-2 days for field exposure after the water layer is dried, and then carrying out irrigation in a circulating management mode; stopping irrigation after enough seedlings are grown, and performing sun-curing on the field from light to heavy in several times to control ineffective tillering; irrigating 2-3 cm of water in the young ear differentiation stage 2, applying ear fertilizer, keeping 1-2 cm of shallow water layer for booting ears, and irrigating 2-3 cm of water for heading ears; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm within 15 days after the spikes are aligned, and keeping dry-wet alternate management of field exposure for 1-2 days after the spikes naturally fall to dryness; no water layer is left after 15 days of spike alignment, horse water is poured each time, the soil layer is kept moist, and proper drought stress is applied to promote grain grouting; water is cut off 5-7 days before the mature.
Further, the comprehensive green pest control in the sixth step comprises the following steps:
seed disinfection is carried out during seed soaking; ploughing and retting the field before transplanting to kill snout moth's larva; before transplanting, the seedlings are transplanted with the long-acting pest and disease control pesticide once.
Adopting a green prevention and control mode combining a physical measure of trapping and killing insects by an insecticidal lamp, a sex attractant and a color plate and a low-risk chemical agent prevention and control technology, planting honey plants, aversion plants and insect preference plants around the paddy field in a paddy planting area, and simultaneously adopting a biological prevention and control mode of releasing natural enemies of insects and carrying out rice-duck farming.
Installing 1 trap lamp in each 40-50 mu of rice area, wherein the lamp distance is 100-150 m; 3-4 traps are arranged in each mu, and the female pheromone released by the trap core is used for inducing pests and automatically thrown into a basin for drowning.
The medicament adopts low-risk chemical medicaments for prevention and control, and the medicaments are alternately used. The pest and disease damage adopts a strategy of taking prevention as a main part and combining prevention and control; no matter whether the rice is attacked, the comprehensive pest and disease prevention and control medicines of rice blast, false smut, leaf roller and rice planthopper are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 2 key stages of the tillering stage and the opening stage.
Further, when main pests such as moths in the field are in a peak period, turning on the trap lamp when the pests are dark at night, and adjusting the direction of a fan of the trap lamp to be the same as the direction of natural wind in time; the good environment in the insect collecting bottle is kept, the environmental condition in the insect collecting bottle is noticed at any time, and the ventilation, the enough humidity and the proper temperature in the bottle are kept.
In combination with the technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved, please analyze the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected in the present invention from the following aspects:
first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems to be solved by the technical scheme of the present invention are closely combined with results, data and the like in the research and development process, and some creative technical effects are brought after the problems are solved. The specific description is as follows:
according to the green high-yield cultivation method for the double-season super rice, provided by the invention, the super rice variety with green production characteristics is selected, the utilization rate of moisture and fertilizer can be improved, one or more plant diseases and insect pests can be resisted, and the usage amount of moisture, fertilizer and pesticide can be reduced; strict seed disinfection can reduce the use of pest control agents after seedling formation, and is beneficial to green cultivation in fields; when raising rice seedlings, the field is ploughed and retted to kill the borers, so that the later pesticide use is reduced. The decrement fertilization can save 15-25% of fertilizer compared with the traditional fertilization management; compared with the traditional water management, the accurate quantitative water management can save water by 15-30%, and can achieve the effects of regulating fertilizer with water, promoting fertilizer with water and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Because the invention carries out the measures of ploughing and retting to kill the stem borer, soaking seeds for disinfection, spraying once long-acting medicine with medicine for transplantation before transplantation, controlling the generation of ineffective tillering by water management and the like, the invention can reduce the pesticide application for 2-3 times compared with the traditional high-yield pest management in the whole growth period, and reduce the production cost and the environmental pollution.
By applying the cultivation technology provided by the invention, 230 mu of the double cropping rice in the high bank village at the office of the Bingzhou-county-Lixing street in the plant continent city of the common ecological region is demonstrated, the average yield per mu of the early rice is 534.5kg, the average yield per mu of the late rice is 582.6kg, and the total average yield per mu of the double cropping rice is 1117.1 kg. The method is used for spreading 235 mu of the double cropping rice demonstration tablets in the townhouse river village in the Qingshan mountain of Changsha county, wherein the average yield per mu of early rice is 522.9kg, the average yield per mu of late rice is 582.2kg, and the total average yield per mu of the double cropping rice is 1105.1 kg. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the yield of the double-season super rice provided by the invention can still obtain a high yield level under green cultivation, and the cost is saved, the environment is protected, and the production benefit is improved.
Secondly, considering the technical scheme as a whole or from the perspective of products, the technical effect and advantages of the technical scheme to be protected by the invention are specifically described as follows:
the green high-yield cultivation technology for the double-season super rice provided by the invention can still obtain high yield level under the condition of green cultivation, solves the problems in the prior art, and can realize the aim of green high yield of the double-season super rice.
Experiments show that the double-cropping rice can realize the high yield target of more than 1100kg per mu in double cropping under green cultivation, the cost is saved, the environment is protected, and the production benefit is improved.
Third, as an inventive supplementary proof of the claims of the present invention, there are also presented several important aspects:
(1) the expected income and commercial value after the technical scheme of the invention is converted are as follows: the technical scheme of the invention can generate obvious economic, social and ecological benefits after conversion, can increase the yield of 100kg of paddy per mu on average and can increase the value of 200 yuan per mu on average. For example, the annual planting area of double cropping rice in Hunan province is more than 1800 ten thousand mu, 180 thousand kilograms of rice can be increased and 360 ten thousand yuan can be increased even if the technical scheme is applied to the double cropping rice and converted into one thousand area, and the generated grains have important effects on the economic development and social stability of China and have important significance on the national grain safety guarantee. And the water, fertilizer and medicine are reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
(2) The technical scheme of the invention fills the technical blank in the industry at home and abroad: at present, the green cultivation of rice only considers pursuing green production, but neglects the requirement on yield, or the yield is difficult to reach the high-yield level under the green cultivation. Therefore, the whole operation technical scheme for the whole process of the high-yield green cultivation technology is difficult, and the high-yield and green cultivation technology of rice in the industry at home and abroad is still blank.
(3) The technical scheme of the invention solves the technical problems which are always desired to be solved but are not successfully achieved: the prior cultivation method of super rice variety can not give consideration to both high yield and green cultivation, so the technology of the invention can give consideration to both high yield and green in the rice production process, and solves the technical problem that people are eagerly to solve but can not succeed all the time.
(4) The technical scheme of the invention overcomes the technical prejudice that: traditionally, high-yield cultivation needs a large amount of water, fertilizer, medicines and other resources, and green cultivation cannot be achieved if high yield is obtained; in the case of green cultivation, the design for obtaining high yield is excluded first, and it is considered that high yield cannot be obtained by green cultivation. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention overcomes the technical prejudice.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for cultivating double-season super rice in green and high yield according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a green high-yield cultivation method of double-season super rice, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, an embodiment is explained. This section is an explanatory embodiment expanding on the claims so as to fully understand how the present invention is embodied by those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a green high-yield cultivation technology of double-season super rice, which solves the problems in the prior art and can realize the aim of green high yield of the double-season super rice.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for cultivating double-season super rice in green and high yield provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, selecting improved varieties: selecting a super rice variety with high and stable yield potential and green production characteristics;
s102, cultivating strong seedlings: seedling raising is carried out by using a super rice seedling strengthening agent, and strong seedlings are cultivated;
s103, reasonably close planting: the seedling amount is increased by 15-20% compared with the traditional cultivation field per mu during transplanting;
s104, decrement fertilization: compared with the traditional cultivation, the fertilizing amount is reduced by 15-25%;
s105, precise water content management: compared with the traditional cultivation, the water consumption is reduced by 15-30%;
s106, comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: compared with the traditional cultivation, the method has the advantages that the prevention and control medicine is reduced by 2-3 times, all links are comprehensively prevented and controlled, and the pest and disease damage management is carried out in a pest and disease damage green prevention and control mode combining physical measures and low-risk chemical agent prevention and control technology.
The embodiment of the invention provides a green high-yield cultivation method of double-season super rice, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting improved varieties: firstly, selecting double-season super rice varieties which simultaneously have high and stable yield potentials in a plurality of ecological areas, wherein the yield potential of early rice reaches 500 kg/mu and above, the yield potential of late rice reaches 600 kg/mu and above, and the double-season yield potential of the rice varieties reaches 1100 kg/mu and above; on the basis, super rice varieties with green production characteristics, such as efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizers, efficient utilization of moisture, synergistic efficient utilization of water and fertilizers, resistance to one or more plant diseases and insect pests, and the like, are selected.
S2, cultivating strong seedlings: the early rice is mixed with cold-resistant coating agent reagent, and the factory heat-insulating centralized seedling raising is adopted, and the outdoor seedling raising mode is selected according to the weather for super late rice.
Adopts a soft disk seedling throwing and mechanical seedling transplanting and raising mode, uses seedling strengthening agent when raising seedlings, adds 20g of super rice seedling strengthening agent and 50g of 46 percent urea into each plastic disk, applies the mixture to the bottom of a hole of the plastic disk, scrapes the slurry, seeds and cultures strong seedlings.
The seedling age is controlled within 30 days, the early rice and the late rice are thrown or transplanted by a machine when the leaf age is controlled between 3 leaves and 1 heart to 4 leaves and 1 heart, the transplanting activity of the plantlets is strong, and the green turning is fast.
The seed consumption of the super hybrid early rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms, the seed consumption of the conventional super early rice field per mu is 3.0 kilograms, and the seed consumption of the super hybrid late rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms, so that enough seedlings are ensured during transplanting.
S3, reasonably close planting: the early rice and the late rice have shorter growth period than the first-season rice, and the yield mainly depends on effective ears, so the problems of weak density, basic seedlings, insufficient effective ears and the like need to be solved. And reasonable close planting is carried out during transplanting, the seedling quantity is increased by 15-20% compared with that of the common cultivation, and the green cultivation requirements of seedling increase, nitrogen reduction, water reduction, pesticide reduction and the like are met.
The seedling throwing density of super hybrid early rice per mu is 2.4-2.6 kilo-stumps, the seedling throwing density of conventional super early rice is 2.8-3.0 kilo-stumps, the seedling is transplanted by a machine for 2.1-2.2 kilo-stumps per mu, and each stump contains 2-3 grains; the seedling throwing density per unit area of late rice is 2.0-2.2 million roots, 1.7-1.9 million bags are planted in each unit area of machine-transplanted seedlings, and 2-3 grains are planted in each unit area. And timely replenishing seedlings after transplanting.
S4, decrement fertilization: the green high-yield cultivation of the rice needs to reduce the fertilizing amount by about 15-25 percent, and the purpose of green production is achieved.
The early rice fertilization strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer and early tillering fertilizer, and obtain high yield by multiple ears. Applying pure N per mu: 8.0-10.0 kg of N, P, K1: 0.5: 0.8, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 6: 2: 2, application in proportion; k 2 O, base fertilizer: panicle fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as base fertilizer for one-time application. The base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; the ear fertilizer is applied with 46 percent of urea and 60 percent of potassium chloride in the 2 stage of ear differentiation.
The late rice fertilizer application strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer, apply early tillering fertilizer, move the front nitrogen backward, and promote the big ears to obtain high yield on the basis of stable ear number. Applying pure N per mu: 10.0-12.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 4.5: 2: 3.5 ratio application; k 2 O, base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application. The base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; the ear fertilizer is applied with 46 percent of urea and 60 percent of potassium chloride in the 2 stage of ear differentiation. And (4) spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces within 7 days after the ear is leveled.
S5, accurate moisture management: moisture can show effective ear of grain formation and the solid of grout in the influence rice output factor, and traditional paddy field water management adopts long-term water layer management more, not only causes the water waste, still causes the root system oxygen deficiency easily, influences the rice growth. Therefore, the accurate quantitative water management of the rice is an important link for realizing green high-yield production.
A diving layer of 1-2 cm is kept in the field before transplanting, so that floating seedlings caused by no root tying after the water layer is transplanted too deeply are avoided, and seedlings are burnt due to too fast evaporation of a direct solar strong water layer; keeping wet seedlings for standing within 2-3 days after transplanting, promoting root penetration and survival; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm from the survival stage to the effective tillering stage, keeping 1-2 days after the water layer is dried, exposing the field, and irrigating in a circulating management mode, so that sufficient oxygen is ensured for the root system, seedlings are promoted to grow early and rapidly, and the low-position tillering and ear forming rate is improved; stopping irrigation after enough seedlings are grown, and drying the field from light to heavy in a sun mode for several times to control ineffective tillering and avoid pest and disease damage; irrigating 2-3 cm of water for applying spike fertilizer in the 2-stage differentiation of young spikes, then keeping 1-2 cm of shallow water layer for booting spikes, and irrigating 2-3 cm of water for heading; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm within 15 days after the spikes are aligned, and keeping dry-wet alternate management of field exposure for 1-2 days after the spikes naturally fall to dryness; no water layer is left after 15 days of spike alignment, horse water is poured each time, the soil layer is kept moist, and proper drought stress is applied to promote grain grouting; water is cut off 5-7 days before the mature.
Compared with the traditional water management, the accurate quantitative water management can save water by 15-30%, and can achieve the effects of regulating fertilizer with water, promoting fertilizer with water and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
S6, comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests:
strict seed disinfection can reduce the use of pest control agents after seedling formation, and is favorable for green cultivation in fields.
Before transplanting, the field is ploughed and retted to kill snout moth's larva, so that the later-stage pesticide use is reduced.
Before transplanting, the seedlings are transplanted with a long-acting pest and disease control pesticide once, so that transplanting with the pesticide is realized, and the field pesticide consumption can be reduced.
The method adopts a green control mode combining physical measures such as pest killing lamps, sex attractant trapping and killing, color plate trapping and killing and the like with a low-risk chemical agent control technology, recommends planting honey plants, aversion plants, pest preference plants and the like around a field block in a conditional rice planting area, and adopts a mode of releasing natural enemies of pests and carrying out biological control such as rice-duck farming and the like.
Firstly, 1 trap lamp is installed in each 40-50 mu of rice area, the lamp distance is 100-150 m, and the trap lamp is turned on when the main pests such as moth-shooting peak in the field is dark at night. The direction of the fan of the trap lamp is adjusted in time. The direction of the wind is preferably the same as the direction of natural wind, and the wind is not suitable for installation against the wind. Keep the good environment in the insect collecting bottle. The environmental conditions in the insect collecting bottle are noticed at any time, the ventilation, enough humidity and proper temperature in the bottle are kept, and insolation and water shortage are prevented, so that the vitality and the viability of beneficial insects are enhanced.
3-4 traps are arranged in each mu, and female pheromones released by the lure cores in the traps are used for attracting pests and automatically thrown into a basin for drowning.
The medicament adopts low-risk chemical medicaments for prevention and control, and the medicaments are alternately used, so that the generation of resistance by diseases and insects is avoided. The pest and disease prevention is mainly carried out, a combined prevention and control strategy is adopted, and regardless of whether the rice is attacked, the comprehensive prevention and control medicines for the pests and diseases such as rice blast, false smut, leaf roller, rice planthopper and the like are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 2 key stages in the tillering stage and the opening stage. In addition, as the measures of retting and killing the snout moth's larva, disinfecting by soaking seeds, spraying once long-acting pesticide-carrying transplanting before transplanting, controlling ineffective tillering by water management and the like are carried out in the field, the pesticide application can be reduced by 2-3 times in the whole growth period compared with the traditional high-yield pest and disease management, and the production cost and the environmental pollution are reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects: the yield of the double-season super rice can still obtain high yield level under the condition of green cultivation, and the method is favorable for saving cost, protecting environment and improving production benefit.
By applying the cultivation technology, 230 mu of the double cropping rice in the high bank village at the office of the key city, united county and united star streets in the shozhou city of the common ecological region has the average yield per mu of 534.5kg of early rice, 582.6kg of late rice and 1117.1kg of double cropping yield.
235 mu of double cropping rice demonstration tablets are paved on the green mountains of Changsha county and Honghoucun, the average yield per mu of early rice is 522.9kg, the average yield per mu of late rice is 582.2kg, and the total average yield per mu of double cropping rice is 1105.1 kg.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a green high-yield cultivation technology of double-season super rice, which comprises the following steps: selecting improved seeds, cultivating strong seedlings, reasonably close planting, reducing fertilizer application, precisely managing water and comprehensively and greenly preventing and controlling diseases and pests. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting improved varieties: firstly, selecting double-season super rice varieties which have high and stable yield potentials in a plurality of ecological areas, wherein the yield potential of early rice reaches 500 kg/mu and above, the yield potential of late rice reaches 600 kg/mu and above, and the double-season yield potential of the rice varieties reaches 1100 kg/mu and above; on the basis, the varieties with green production characteristics, such as efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, efficient utilization of moisture, synergistic efficient utilization of water and fertilizer, resistance to one or more plant diseases and insect pests, and the like, are selected.
For example, early rice is selected from Lu Er you 996, Lu Er you 819 and Ling Er you 268 which have high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, or super early rice with synergistic high-efficiency of water and fertilizer, Lu Er you 996 and the like, late rice is selected from Wufengyou T025, H you 518, Tianyou Huazhan and the like which have high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, or super late rice with synergistic high-efficiency of water and fertilizer, Wufengyou T025 and the like.
S2, cultivating strong seedlings: the early rice is mixed with cold-resistant coating agent reagent, and the factory heat-insulating centralized seedling raising is adopted, and the outdoor seedling raising mode is selected according to the weather for super late rice.
Adopts a soft disk seedling throwing and mechanical seedling transplanting and raising mode, uses seedling strengthening agent when raising seedlings, adds 20g of super rice seedling strengthening agent and 50g of 46 percent urea into each plastic disk, applies the mixture to the bottom of a hole of the plastic disk, scrapes the slurry, seeds and cultures strong seedlings.
The seedling age is controlled within 30 days, the early rice and the late rice are thrown or transplanted by a machine when the leaf age is controlled between 3 leaves and 1 heart to 4 leaves and 1 heart, the transplanting activity of the plantlets is strong, and the green turning is fast.
The seed consumption of the super hybrid early rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms, the seed consumption of the conventional super early rice field per mu is 3.0 kilograms, and the seed consumption of the super hybrid late rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms, so that enough seedlings are ensured during transplanting.
S3, reasonably close planting: the early rice and the late rice have shorter growth period than the first-season rice, and the yield mainly depends on effective ears, so the problems of weak density, basic seedlings, insufficient effective ears and the like need to be solved. And reasonable close planting is carried out during transplanting, the seedling quantity is increased by 15-20% compared with that of the common cultivation, and the green cultivation requirements of seedling increase, nitrogen reduction, water reduction, pesticide reduction and the like are met.
Transplanting super hybrid early rice with seedling transplanting density of 2.4-2.6 million roots per mu, transplanting conventional super early rice with seedling transplanting density of 2.8-3.0 million roots per mu, transplanting machine transplanted rice with 2.1-2.2 million roots per root, and transplanting rice with 2-3 grains per root; the seedling throwing density per unit area of late rice is 2.0-2.2 million roots, 1.7-1.9 million bags are planted in each unit area of machine-transplanted seedlings, and 2-3 grains are planted in each unit area. And timely replenishing seedlings after transplanting.
S4, decrement fertilization: the green high-yield cultivation of the rice needs to reduce the fertilizing amount by about 15-25 percent, and the purpose of green production is achieved.
The early rice fertilization strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer and early tillering fertilizer, and obtain high yield by multiple ears. Applying pure N per mu: 8.0-10.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 0.8, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 6: 2: 2, application in proportion; k 2 O, base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application. The base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; the ear fertilizer is applied with 46 percent of urea and 60 percent of potassium chloride in the 2 stage of ear differentiation.
The late rice fertilizer application strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer, apply early tillering fertilizer, move the front nitrogen backward, and promote the big ears to obtain high yield on the basis of stable ear number. Applying pure N per mu: 10.0-12.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 4.5: 2: 3.5 ratio application; k 2 O, base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application. The base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; the ear fertilizer is applied with 46 percent of urea and 60 percent of potassium chloride in the 2 stage of ear differentiation. And (4) spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces within 7 days after the ear is leveled.
S5, accurate moisture management: moisture can show effective ear of grain formation and the solid of grout in the influence rice output factor, and traditional paddy field water management adopts long-term water layer management more, not only causes the water waste, still causes the root system oxygen deficiency easily, influences the rice growth. Therefore, the accurate quantitative water management of the rice is an important link for realizing green high-yield production.
A diving layer of 1-2 cm is kept in the field before transplanting, so that floating seedlings caused by no root tying after the water layer is transplanted too deeply are avoided, and seedlings are burnt due to too fast evaporation of a direct solar strong water layer; keeping wet seedlings for standing within 2-3 days after transplanting, promoting root penetration and survival; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm from the survival stage to the effective tillering stage, keeping 1-2 days after the water layer is dried, exposing the field, and irrigating in a circulating management mode, so that sufficient oxygen is ensured for the root system, seedlings are promoted to grow early and rapidly, and the low-position tillering and ear forming rate is improved; stopping irrigation after enough seedlings are grown, and drying the field from light to heavy in a sun mode for several times to control ineffective tillering and avoid pest and disease damage; irrigating 2-3 cm of water for applying spike fertilizer in the 2-stage differentiation of young spikes, then keeping 1-2 cm of shallow water layer for booting spikes, and irrigating 2-3 cm of water for heading; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm within 15 days after the spikes are aligned, and keeping dry-wet alternate management of field exposure for 1-2 days after the spikes naturally fall to dryness; no water layer is left after 15 days of spike alignment, horse water is poured each time, the soil layer is kept moist, and proper drought stress is applied to promote grain grouting; water is cut off 5-7 days before the mature.
Compared with the traditional water management, the accurate quantitative water management can save water by 15-30%, and can achieve the effects of regulating fertilizer with water, promoting fertilizer with water and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
S6, comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests:
strict seed disinfection can reduce the use of pest control agents after seedling formation, and is favorable for green cultivation in fields.
Before transplanting, the farmland is ploughed and retted to kill borers, so that the later pesticide use is reduced.
Before transplanting, the seedlings are transplanted with a long-acting pest and disease control pesticide once, so that transplanting with the pesticide is realized, and the field pesticide consumption can be reduced.
The method adopts a green control mode combining physical measures such as pest killing lamps, sex attractant trapping and killing, color plate trapping and killing and the like with a low-risk chemical agent control technology, recommends planting honey plants, aversion plants, pest preference plants and the like around a field block in a conditional rice planting area, and adopts a mode of releasing natural enemies of pests and carrying out biological control such as rice-duck farming and the like.
Firstly, 1 trap lamp is installed in each 40-50 mu of rice area, the lamp distance is 100-150 m, and the trap lamp is turned on when the main pests such as moth-shooting peak in the field is dark at night. The direction of the fan of the trap lamp is adjusted in time. The direction of the wind is preferably the same as the direction of natural wind, and the wind is not suitable for installation against the wind. Keep the good environment in the insect collecting bottle. The environmental conditions in the insect collecting bottle are noticed at any time, the ventilation, the sufficient humidity and the proper temperature in the bottle are kept, and the insolation and the water shortage are prevented, so that the vitality and the viability of beneficial insects are enhanced.
3-4 traps are arranged in each mu, and female pheromones released by the lure cores in the traps are used for attracting pests and automatically thrown into a basin for drowning.
The medicament adopts low-risk chemical medicaments for prevention and control, and the medicaments are alternately used, so that the generation of resistance by diseases and insects is avoided. The pest and disease prevention is mainly carried out, a combined prevention and control strategy is adopted, and regardless of whether the rice is attacked, the comprehensive prevention and control medicines for the pests and diseases such as rice blast, false smut, leaf roller, rice planthopper and the like are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 2 key stages in the tillering stage and the opening stage.
Wherein, the rhizoctonia solani is controlled by 100 g of 5 percent jinggangmycin water-soluble powder in the last tillering stage mu, 100mL of 40 percent isoprothiolane missible oil in the breaking stage rice blast mu and 50g of 15 percent jinggangmycin soluble powder in the false rice blast mu.
In addition, measures such as resistance to one or more plant diseases and insect pests and the like of super rice varieties with green production characteristics, field water management and control of ineffective tillering and the like are selected, so that the pesticide application can be reduced by 2-3 times in the whole growth period compared with the traditional high-yield plant disease and insect pest management, and the production cost and the environmental pollution are reduced.
Second, evidence of the relevant effects of the examples. The embodiment of the invention achieves some positive effects in the process of research and development or use, and has great advantages compared with the prior art, and the following contents are described by combining data, diagrams and the like in the test process.
The cultivation method is applied, and the following confidentiality tests are carried out:
and inviting provincial experts to perform on-site test and production evaluation on 230 mu of core demonstration piece of the green high-yield technology of double cropping rice in Bijima county in 2019.
Wherein the opinion of the rice at the morning and at the evening in the Bing county is as follows:
by means of agricultural service professional cooperation society and around the problems that the double-season super rice is high in yield and green and difficult to coordinate, the technology with the core of reasonable matching of double-season super rice varieties, nitrogen-saving and lodging-resistant performance of the double-season super rice, whole-course mechanization of the double-season super rice, green prevention and control of the double-season super rice and the like is integrated and applied, and the green high-yield technology and demonstration of the double-season super rice are developed. The production mode has innovativeness in technical integration application, and has certain promotion effects on photo-thermal resource utilization rate, water and fertilizer utilization rate, production efficiency promotion, cost saving, efficiency improvement and the like of the double-cropping rice region in the region.
The demonstration site is located in a high bank village at the handling place of the Bixing street in Gu county, the area of the core demonstration area of the early rice technology is 230 mu, the variety is 268, two excellent varieties of super early rice are obtained, sowing is carried out in 15-18 days in 3 months, machine transplanting is carried out in 11-15 days in 4 months, the field growth is balanced, the green leaves are yellow, no pest damage exists, and the color drop is good. Through field investigation, an expert group randomly extracts 3 fields for mechanical harvesting, removes impurities, measures moisture, and converts the moisture into standard moisture rice yield, and the average rice per mu yield of a demonstration piece is 534.5 kg.
The area of a core demonstration area of the late rice technology is 232 mu, the variety is super late rice Y double excellent 911, the seeding is carried out in 25 days in 6 months, the mechanical transplanting is carried out in 18-20 months, the field growth is balanced, the leaves are green and yellow, the disease and insect damage is avoided, and the color cast is good. Through field investigation, an expert group randomly extracts 3 fields for mechanical harvesting, removes impurities, measures moisture, and converts the moisture into standard moisture rice yield, the average rice per mu yield of a demonstration piece is 582.6kg, and the average rice per mu yield of the double-season yield is 1117.1 kg.
And inviting provincial experts to perform field test production comments on 235 mu of the core demonstration piece of the green high-yield technology of the double cropping rice in Changsha county in 2019.
Wherein, the comments of early and late rice in Changsha county:
the invention relies on agricultural service professional cooperative society, integrates and applies technologies with reasonable double-season super rice variety matching, double-season super rice nitrogen-saving anti-falling, double-season super rice seedling throwing technology, double-season super rice whole-course mechanization, double-season super rice green prevention and control and the like as cores, and develops double-season super rice green high-yield technology and demonstration. The production mode of the invention is innovative in technical integration application, and has certain promotion effects on photo-thermal resource utilization rate, water and fertilizer utilization rate, production efficiency promotion, cost saving, efficiency improvement and the like of the double cropping rice region in the region.
The demonstration site is located in a townhouse river village paved in a Qingshan mountain in Changshan county, the area of a kernel demonstration area of the super early rice plant Liangyou 819 is 235 mu, sowing is carried out for 19-22 days in 3 months, transplanting is carried out for 18-21 days in 4 months, the field growth is balanced, the green leaves are yellow, no pest and disease damage is caused, and the color drop is good. Through field investigation, an expert group randomly extracts 3 fields for mechanical harvesting, removes impurities, measures moisture, and converts the moisture into standard moisture rice yield, and the average yield per mu is 522.9 kg.
The area of a kernel demonstration area of the super late rice C Liangyou 396 is 230 mu, sowing is carried out 21-23 days in 6 months, transplanting is carried out 22-23 days in 7 months, the growth in the field is balanced, the leaves are green, the seeds are yellow, the disease and insect damage is avoided, and the color drop is good. Through field investigation, an expert group randomly extracts 3 fields for mechanical harvesting, and after impurity removal and moisture measurement, the yield is converted into the standard moisture rice yield, the average yield per mu is 582.2kg, and the total average yield per mu of the double-season yield is 1105.1 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
by applying the cultivation technology, 230 mu of the double cropping rice in the high bank village at the office of the key city, united county and united star streets in the shozhou city of the common ecological region has the average yield per mu of 534.5kg of early rice, 582.6kg of late rice and 1117.1kg of double cropping yield.
235 mu of double cropping rice demonstration tablets are paved on the green mountains of Changsha county and Honghoucun, the average yield per mu of early rice is 522.9kg, the average yield per mu of late rice is 582.2kg, and the total average yield per mu of double cropping rice is 1105.1 kg.
By the cultivation method, the double-cropping rice can achieve the high yield target of more than 1100kg in double-cropping per mu under green cultivation, the cost is saved, the environment is protected, and the production benefit is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A green high-yield cultivation method of double-season super rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the green high-yield cultivation of the double-season super rice is realized by the steps of selecting good seeds, cultivating strong seedlings, reasonably close planting, decrement fertilization, precise water management and comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
2. The dual-season super rice green high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dual-season super rice green high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:
selecting improved varieties: selecting super rice varieties with high and stable yield potential and green production characteristics;
step two, cultivating strong seedlings: seedling raising is carried out by using a super rice seedling strengthening agent, and strong seedlings are cultivated;
step three, reasonably close planting: the seedling amount is increased by 15-20% compared with the traditional cultivation field per mu during transplanting;
step four, decrement fertilization: compared with the traditional cultivation, the fertilizing amount is reduced by 15-25%;
step five, accurate water management: compared with the traditional cultivation, the water consumption is reduced by 15-30%;
step six, comprehensive green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: compared with the traditional cultivation, the method has the advantages that the prevention and control medicine is reduced by 2-3 times, all links are comprehensively prevented and controlled, and the pest and disease damage management is carried out in a pest and disease damage green prevention and control mode combining physical measures and low-risk chemical agent prevention and control technology.
3. The method for cultivating super rice in green and high yield in double seasons as claimed in claim 2, wherein the selection of improved varieties in the first step comprises:
selecting double-season super rice varieties which have high and stable yield potentials in a plurality of ecological areas, wherein the yield potential of early rice reaches 500 kg/mu and above, the yield potential of late rice reaches 600 kg/mu and above, and the double-season yield potentials are 1100 kg/mu and above; selecting super rice variety with high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, high-efficiency utilization of water and fertilizer, and resistance to one or more diseases and insect pests and having green production characteristics.
4. The method for cultivating green high-yield double-cropping super rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the strong seedling cultivation in the second step comprises:
seed dressing with cold-resistant coating agent reagent, and adopting factory heat preservation centralized seedling raising, and selecting open-air seedling raising mode for super late rice according to weather;
the seedling age is controlled within 30 days, and the early rice and the late rice are thrown or transplanted by a machine when the leaf age is controlled between 3 leaves and 1 heart to 4 leaves and 1 heart;
the seed amount of the super hybrid early rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms, the seed amount of the conventional super early rice field per mu is 3.0 kilograms, and the seed amount of the super hybrid late rice field per mu is 2.5 kilograms.
5. The green high-yield cultivation method of double-season super rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the strong seedling cultivation comprises:
adopts a soft disk seedling throwing and mechanical seedling transplanting and raising mode, uses seedling strengthening agent when raising seedlings, adds 20g of super rice seedling strengthening agent and 50g of 46 percent urea into each plastic disk, applies the mixture to the bottom of a hole of the plastic disk, scrapes the slurry, seeds and cultures strong seedlings.
6. The method for green high-yield cultivation of double-season super rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rational close planting in the third step comprises:
compared with the traditional cultivation method, the seedling quantity is increased by 15-20% per mu during transplanting. The seedling throwing density of super hybrid early rice per mu is 2.4-2.6 kilo-stumps, the seedling throwing density of conventional super early rice is 2.8-3.0 kilo-stumps, the seedling is transplanted by a machine for 2.1-2.2 kilo-stumps per mu, and each stump contains 2-3 grains; the seedling throwing density per unit area of late rice is 2.0-2.2 thousands of roots, 1.7-1.9 thousands of bags are planted in each unit area of machine-transplanted seedlings, 2-3 grains are planted in each root area, and the seedlings are timely replenished after being transplanted.
7. The method for cultivating super rice in green and high yield in two seasons as claimed in claim 2, wherein said decreasing fertilization in the fourth step comprises:
the fertilizing amount is reduced by 15-25% compared with that of the traditional cultivation per mu during transplanting. The early rice fertilization strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer and early tillering fertilizer, and obtain high yield by multiple ears; applying pure N per mu: 8.0-10.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 0.8, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 6: 2: 2, application in proportion; k 2 O, base fertilizer: panicle fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; applying 46% of urea and 60% of potassium chloride to the panicle fertilizer in the panicle differentiation 2 stage;
the late rice fertilizer application strategy is to apply enough base fertilizer, apply tillering fertilizer early, move forward nitrogen backward and rely on stabilityPromoting big ears to obtain high yield on the basis of fixing the ear number; applying pure N per mu: 10.0-12.0 kg, wherein the N, P, K ratio is 1: 0.5: 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: and (3) tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer is 4.5: 2: 3.5 ratio application; k 2 O, base fertilizer: panicle fertilizer is 5: 5, application in proportion; p 2 O 5 All the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the base fertilizer is applied by 45 percent of compound fertilizer and 12 percent of calcium superphosphate in combination with field tillage; applying 46% urea 5 days after transplanting; applying 46% of urea and 60% of potassium chloride to the panicle fertilizer in the panicle differentiation 2 stage; spraying the leaves with monopotassium phosphate within 7 days after the ears are flush.
8. The method for cultivating super rice in green and high yield in double cropping mode according to claim 2, wherein said precise moisture management in step five comprises:
compared with the traditional cultivation, the water consumption is reduced by 15-30% during water management. Keeping a 1-2 cm diving layer in the field before transplanting; keeping wet seedlings for standing within 2-3 days after transplanting, promoting root penetration and survival; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm from the survival to the effective tillering period, and keeping 1-2 days for field exposure after the water layer is dried, and then carrying out irrigation in a circulating management mode; stopping irrigation after enough seedlings are grown, and performing sun-curing on the field from light to heavy in several times to control ineffective tillering; irrigating 2-3 cm of water in the young ear differentiation stage 2, applying ear fertilizer, keeping 1-2 cm of shallow water layer for booting ears, and irrigating 2-3 cm of water for heading ears; keeping a shallow water layer for 1-2 cm within 15 days after the spikes are aligned, and keeping dry-wet alternate management of field exposure for 1-2 days after the spikes naturally fall to dryness; no water layer is left after 15 days of spike alignment, horse water is poured each time, the soil layer is kept moist, and proper drought stress is applied to promote grain grouting; cutting off water 5-7 days before maturation.
9. The double-season super rice green high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the integrated pest control in the step five comprises:
seed disinfection is carried out during seed soaking; ploughing and retting the field before transplanting to kill snout moth's larva; before transplanting, the seedlings are transplanted with the long-acting pest and disease control pesticide once.
Adopting a green prevention and control mode combining a physical measure of trapping and killing insects by an insecticidal lamp, a sex attractant and a color plate and a low-risk chemical agent prevention and control technology, planting honey plants, aversion plants and insect preference plants around the paddy field in a paddy planting area, and simultaneously adopting a biological prevention and control mode of releasing natural enemies of insects and carrying out rice-duck farming;
installing 1 trap lamp in each 40-50 mu of rice area, wherein the lamp distance is 100-150 m; 3-4 traps are arranged in each mu, female pheromones released by the luring cores in the traps are utilized to lure pests, and the pests are automatically thrown into a basin to drown;
the medicaments are controlled by low-risk chemical medicaments, and the medicaments are alternately used; the pest and disease damage adopts a strategy of taking prevention as a main part and combining prevention and control; no matter whether the rice is attacked, the comprehensive pest and disease prevention and control medicines of rice blast, false smut, leaf roller and rice planthopper are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 2 key stages of the tillering stage and the opening stage.
10. The method for cultivating super rice in green and high yield in two seasons according to claim 9, wherein when the main pests in the field fall moth in the peak period, the trap lamp is turned on at night in darkness, and the direction of the fan of the trap lamp is adjusted in time to be the same as the direction of natural wind; the good environment in the insect collecting bottle is kept, the environmental condition in the insect collecting bottle is noticed at any time, and the ventilation, the enough humidity and the proper temperature in the bottle are kept.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210464333.4A CN114793799A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210464333.4A CN114793799A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114793799A true CN114793799A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
Family
ID=82509608
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210464333.4A Pending CN114793799A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114793799A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015192599A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-05 | Tdk株式会社 | Water for paddy rice cultivation and method for cultivating paddy rice |
| CN105981618A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2016-10-05 | 周宝龙 | Safe and circulating disease and pest prevention and control method for organic rice |
| CN106105930A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-16 | 江西农业大学 | The rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations |
| CN106718455A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of ratooning rice main diseases and insect pests Synthetical prevention method that pesticide reduction is used |
| CN108012787A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-11 | 侯志平 | A kind of double cropping of rice cultural method |
| CN110463545A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-19 | 桂林市农田灌溉试验中心站 | A kind of irrigation method of the antifouling high yield of rice water-saving emission reduction |
| JP2021108665A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-08-02 | 敦弘 後藤 | Control method of paddy rice pest |
| CN113317149A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Cultivation method for realizing ultra-high yield of double cropping rice |
-
2022
- 2022-04-29 CN CN202210464333.4A patent/CN114793799A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015192599A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-05 | Tdk株式会社 | Water for paddy rice cultivation and method for cultivating paddy rice |
| CN105981618A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2016-10-05 | 周宝龙 | Safe and circulating disease and pest prevention and control method for organic rice |
| CN106105930A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-16 | 江西农业大学 | The rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations |
| CN106718455A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of ratooning rice main diseases and insect pests Synthetical prevention method that pesticide reduction is used |
| CN108012787A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-11 | 侯志平 | A kind of double cropping of rice cultural method |
| CN110463545A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-19 | 桂林市农田灌溉试验中心站 | A kind of irrigation method of the antifouling high yield of rice water-saving emission reduction |
| JP2021108665A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-08-02 | 敦弘 後藤 | Control method of paddy rice pest |
| CN113317149A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Cultivation method for realizing ultra-high yield of double cropping rice |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 白朴;: "杂交水稻生态高效栽培技术推广及效益", 农业现代化研究, no. 03 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100418400C (en) | Standard planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata | |
| CN108432596B (en) | Disease and insect resistant culture medium based on agricultural wastes and preparation method | |
| CN101129122B (en) | Method for planting biennial root ratoon rice | |
| CN101663978A (en) | Method for directly seeding rice | |
| CN102742442A (en) | Wild pinellia ternate cultivation method | |
| CN105830710A (en) | Green, sustainable and high-yield planting method of sugarcane | |
| CN103039248A (en) | Novel greenhouse strawberry culturing and planting method | |
| CN101731112B (en) | Water-saving cultivation method of sand rice | |
| CN108012787A (en) | A kind of double cropping of rice cultural method | |
| CN106416888A (en) | Planting method for organic tea intercropping | |
| CN103583290A (en) | Rice planting method | |
| CN109496575B (en) | Long-season planting technology for grafting eggplants in low-heat valley areas | |
| CN102870641A (en) | Breeding method for honey plum | |
| CN108966717A (en) | Four-dimensional alkaline land improving method | |
| CN109937786A (en) | A kind of Labor-saving cultivation method of peach | |
| CN109005730A (en) | A kind of Prunus Mongolica seeds low-temperature stratification Pregermination and seedling breeding method | |
| CN108713435A (en) | A kind of cultural method of organic tea | |
| CN103430743B (en) | A soil Optimum Cultivation method of planting ginseng | |
| CN107484611A (en) | One kind eats peach method for planting raw | |
| CN112868448A (en) | Tea leaf standardized planting method | |
| CN108401821B (en) | High-latitude cold-region potato and rice double-season continuous cropping planting method | |
| CN109121932B (en) | Planting method for alternately interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata under tea trees | |
| CN111264274A (en) | Healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting tree | |
| CN104303732B (en) | A kind of low murder by poisoning cane planting method | |
| CN111133967B (en) | Green high-quality cultivation method for transplanting japonica rice in wheat stubble in northern Jiangsu area |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |