CN114790503B - Smelting method with addition of iron ore - Google Patents
Smelting method with addition of iron ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN114790503B CN114790503B CN202210276186.8A CN202210276186A CN114790503B CN 114790503 B CN114790503 B CN 114790503B CN 202210276186 A CN202210276186 A CN 202210276186A CN 114790503 B CN114790503 B CN 114790503B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting method for adding iron ore, wherein the smelting adopts converter-RH furnace-slab continuous casting process tissue production, and smelting steel types comprise SPHC and other low-carbon hot rolled sheet steels; the method comprises the following steps: 1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, carbon is controlled according to 0.07% -0.010%, steel is placed without deoxidization, and a modifier is added after the steel is placed; 2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3 to 4 minutes, adding iron ore for decarburization, controlling the decarburization time to be 5 to 7 minutes, carrying out deoxidization alloying after decarburization, carrying out pure degassing for 5 to 9 minutes, and then discharging the steel from a direct-up continuous casting machine for casting; the method utilizes the extremely strong decarburization characteristic of the RH furnace to couple the characteristic of high iron oxide content of iron ore, and utilizes molten steel carbon element to realize a new steelmaking technology of directly reducing iron in the RH furnace on the basis of improving tapping carbon of a converter; the technology can obviously reduce the consumption of steel materials, increase the steel yield and bring direct economic and environmental benefits to enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ferrous metallurgy steelmaking, and particularly relates to a smelting method for adding iron ore.
Background
In order to achieve the overall targets of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization, a stock constraint mechanism based on the total amount of carbon emission, pollutant emission and energy consumption is gradually built in China, so that the development path, the process structure and the development of the environment-friendly clean smelting technology of the iron and steel enterprises are greatly influenced; the low-carbon emission and low-energy consumption smelting technology becomes an important subject of urgent attack on large-scale steel enterprises. The production task from molten iron to qualified casting blank is mainly born in steelmaking, wherein the consumption of steel and iron materials is used as an important technical index in steelmaking, the research on reducing the iron consumption and the improvement of the yield of molten steel become key directions of steelmaking, and the method can generate great benefit and reduce carbon emission.
When smelting SPHC and other low-carbon hot rolled sheet steel, a conventional smelting process flow adopts a converter to LF refining furnace to a continuous casting machine; the carbon content of the end point of the converter needs to be controlled to be within the standard requirement of steel types, and LF refining is a carburetion process, so that the carbon content of the end point of the converter is lower and is about 0.04 percent on average, and larger pressure is brought to the converter process, refractory materials and production; on one hand, the high oxidation degree of molten steel can cause the problems of higher consumption of steel materials, lower quality of molten steel and the like; on the other hand, the consumption of the revolving furnace refractory and the energy medium can be caused; therefore, under the background that iron and steel enterprises at home and abroad gradually move to low-carbon emission, the bottleneck problem existing in the equipment technology process is urgently needed to be changed through process optimization and breakthrough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting method for adding iron ore into steel types such as SHC by utilizing the rapid decarburization characteristic of an RH furnace. The invention fully optimizes the steelmaking process flow of related products by utilizing the RH decarburization metallurgical characteristic and the oxygen content characteristic of the iron ore; firstly, adopting a low-oxygen high-carbon smelting process from a converter to increase the carbon content of molten steel; secondly, adding iron ore in the RH treatment process to carry out vacuum decarburization operation; the process can directly increase the steel yield, reduce the carbon emission and simultaneously reduce the smelting burden of the converter.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a smelting method for adding iron ore, which comprises the following steps:
1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, carbon is controlled according to 0.07% -0.010%, steel is placed without deoxidization, and a modifier is added after the steel is placed;
2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3 to 4 minutes, adding iron ore for decarburization, controlling the decarburization time to be 5 to 7 minutes, carrying out deoxidization alloying after decarbonization, carrying out pure degassing for 5 to 9 minutes, and then discharging the steel from a direct-up continuous casting machine for casting;
preferably, the modifier in the step 1) comprises CaO and Al 2 O 3 And SiO 2 One or more of the above, and the amount of the modifier added is 0.77-1.54 kg/ton steel.
Preferably, the oxygen content in the step 1) is 200 to 350ppm.
Preferably, the iron ore added in the step 2) is specifically as follows: the oxygen is added according to the oxygen amount of 2-4 min: setting the oxygen amount as X ppm, adding iron ore as Y (kg), the molten steel amount as t tons,
(1) when the oxygen content is less than or equal to 300ppm, the calculation formula of adding iron ore is as follows:
the iron ore amount is Y (kg) = { [ 2100/(X+100) -5 ]. Times.150. T/130/} 2
(2) When the oxygen content is more than 300ppm, the iron ore is added in the following amount:
adding iron ore, adding 1.15-1.16 kg/ton of steel, adding 0.15-0.16 kg/ton of carbon powder for deoxidization, adding the carbon powder in batches according to the adding amount, wherein each batch is less than or equal to 10kg, the interval time is 20-40 seconds, the RH process temperature is reduced to 15-20 ℃, 1-1.5 ℃/min, and the iron ore temperature reduction is calculated according to 1.5 times of the scrap steel;
the adding sequence is that adding iron ore for 0.5-2min and then adding carbon powder.
Preferably, the deoxidizing in the step 2) is performed by using aluminum pellets.
Preferably, the grade of the iron ore is greater than 60, and the iron ore comprises hematite and/or magnetite.
The invention provides a smelting method for adding iron ore into steel types such as SHC by utilizing the rapid decarburization characteristic of an RH furnace, wherein the smelting adopts a converter-RH furnace-slab continuous casting process to carry out tissue production, the smelting steel types comprise low-carbon hot-rolled sheet steels such as SPHC, preferably but not limited to SPHC and SPHD sheet steels, and the specific components are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps:
1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, carbon is controlled to be 0.07% -0.010%, steel is placed without oxygen removal, and a proper amount of modifier is added after the steel is placed;
2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3min, adding a certain amount of iron ore for decarburization, controlling the decarburization time to be 5-7 min, carrying out deoxidization alloying after decarburization, carrying out pure degassing for 5-9 min, and pouring by an off-site direct-up continuous casting machine after the temperature is proper (the technological parameters can be adjusted according to the parameters of RH furnace body equipment);
preferably, the iron ore addition amount of the step 2) is specifically as follows: and (3) adding according to the oxygen determination amount after circulation for 3 min: the oxygen amount was set to X ppm and the amount of iron ore added to Y (kg) (calculated as 130 tons of molten steel).
(1) When the oxygen content is less than 300pp, the iron ore is added according to the following calculation formula:
the iron ore amount is Y (kg) = { [ 2100/(X+100) -5 ]. Times.150/}/2
(2) When the oxygen content is more than 300ppm, the iron ore is added in the following amount:
adding 150kg of iron ore each time, adding 20kg of carbon powder simultaneously for deoxidization, adding 10kg of carbon powder in batches each time at intervals of 20-40 seconds (the adding amount is controlled according to the entering temperature, the RH process temperature is reduced to 15-20 ℃ and the temperature is reduced to 2.5 ℃ each time when 100kg of iron ore is added);
adding the iron ore for 1min and then adding the carbon powder;
preferably, the step 2) of deoxidizing adopts aluminum particles to directly deoxidize, so as to achieve the effect of raising the temperature of molten steel. Preferably, in the step 2), the above technical parameters are formulated under the condition that the grade of the iron ore is greater than 60, other grade iron ores can be correspondingly adjusted, and 60 refers to that the mass fraction of iron element is 60%;
according to the low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, the oxygen content can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through the control amount of carbon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention combines the characteristics of low-carbon hot-rolled sheet steel component systems such as SPHC and the like, adopts a high-carbon low-oxygen terminal smelting mode for preventing peroxidation of converter molten steel, and can basically avoid peroxidation of molten steel and obviously reduce consumption of converter steel materials compared with the prior art; the quality of the molten steel of the converter is obviously improved; the consumption of the revolving furnace refractory and the energy medium is obviously reduced; the residual quantity of key manganese elements of the converter is obviously improved.
The invention adopts the unique technical characteristics of rapid decarburization of the RH furnace, adopts the technical measures of high carbon and low oxygen for the steel placing of the converter, utilizes the characteristic of high oxygen content of iron ore, and realizes the effect of rapid decarburization of the iron ore in the vacuum environment during the treatment process of the RH furnace, thereby achieving the technical requirements of steel grade carbon targets.
Detailed Description
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise. The description is only intended to aid in the understanding of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way.
The invention is further illustrated with respect to the following specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The smelting adopts a converter-RH furnace-slab continuous casting process to carry out tissue production (130 tons of molten steel is taken as an example), the smelting steel is SPHC low-carbon hot rolled sheet steel, the smelting furnace number is H221-01252, and the specific component requirements are as follows:
the specific technical operation steps are as follows:
1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, the terminal carbon is 0.07%, the steel is put without deoxidization, and a proper amount of modifier is added after the steel is put;
2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3min, the oxygen content is 185ppm, and the calculation formula of adding iron ore is as follows:
the iron ore amount is Y (kg) = { [ 2100/(x+100) -5] ×150/}/2=177 kg
Adding 177kg of iron ore for decarburization for 5min, determining oxygen to be 180ppm after decarburization, adding aluminum particles for deoxidization alloying, and discharging to a direct-up continuous casting machine for casting after the pure degassing time is 6min and the temperature is proper;
the end point sampling was made as follows: c:0.042%; si:0.012%; mn:0.010%; p:0.020%; s: 0.015%; alt:0.039%; the components meet the standard requirements of steel grades.
Preferably, under the condition that the grade of the reference iron ore of the technical parameters is 60, other grade iron ores can be correspondingly adjusted, wherein 60 refers to the mass fraction of iron element being 60%;
example 2
The smelting adopts a converter-RH furnace-slab continuous casting process to carry out tissue production (130 tons of molten steel is taken as an example), the smelting steel is SPHC low-carbon hot rolled sheet steel, the smelting furnace number is H222-01341, and the specific component requirements are as follows:
the specific technical operation steps are as follows:
1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, the terminal carbon is 0.09%, the steel is put without deoxidization, and a proper amount of modifier is added after the steel is put;
2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3min, the oxygen content is 102ppm, and the calculation formula is added according to the iron ore:
the iron ore amount is Y (kg) = { [ 2100/(x+100) -5] ×150/}/2=404 kg
Adding 404kg of iron ore for decarburization for 7min, determining oxygen to 132ppm after decarburization, adding aluminum particles for deoxidization alloying, and discharging from a direct-up continuous casting machine for casting after the pure degassing time is 8min and the temperature is proper;
the end point sampling was made as follows: c:0.045%; si:0.013%; mn:0.012%; p:0.018%; s: 0.013%; alt:0.045%; the components meet the standard requirements of steel grades.
Preferably, under the condition that the grade of the reference iron ore of the technical parameters is 60, other grade iron ores can be correspondingly adjusted, wherein 60 refers to the mass fraction of iron element being 60%;
example 3
The smelting adopts a converter-RH furnace-slab continuous casting process to carry out tissue production (130 tons of molten steel is taken as an example), the smelting steel is SPHC low-carbon hot rolled sheet steel, the smelting furnace number is H223-01426, and the specific component requirements are as follows:
the specific technical operation steps are as follows:
1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon steel tapping process, but because phosphorus is controlled to be higher, the converter is supplemented with 1 time, so that the carbon at the end point is 0.05%, the steel is put without deoxidization, and a proper amount of modifier is added after the steel is put;
2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3min, the oxygen content is 340ppm, the temperature is measured to be 1610 ℃, and the iron ore is added according to the temperature; according to the iron ore, adding 150kg of carbon powder and 20kg of carbon powder simultaneously for deoxidization:
adding 300kg+40kg of carbon powder into the iron ore
Adding carbon powder in batches, wherein the interval is 30 seconds, and each time is 10 kg/time;
adding the iron ore for 1min and then adding the carbon powder; the decarburization time is 8min, the oxygen is determined to be 320ppm after the decarburization, aluminum particles are added for deoxidization alloying (simultaneously playing the role of deoxidization and temperature raising), the pure degassing time is 9min, the outlet temperature is 1584 ℃, and the casting is performed by an outlet direct-up continuous casting machine;
the end point sampling was made as follows: c: 0.032; si:0.010%; mn:0.08%; p: 0.022; s: 0.015%; alt:0.047%; the components meet the standard requirements of steel grades.
Preferably, under the condition that the grade of the reference iron ore of the above technical parameters is 60, other grade iron ore can be correspondingly adjusted, and 60 refers to the mass fraction of the iron element is 60%.
The method utilizes the extremely strong decarburization characteristic of the RH furnace to couple the characteristic of high iron oxide content of iron ore, and utilizes molten steel carbon element to realize a new steelmaking technology of directly reducing iron in the RH furnace on the basis of improving tapping carbon of a converter; the technology can obviously reduce the consumption of steel materials, increase the steel yield and bring direct economic and environmental benefits to enterprises.
According to the result of the embodiment of the invention, when SPHC low-carbon hot rolled sheet steel is smelted, the converter endpoint carbon can basically realize a high-carbon low-oxygen smelting mode, the burden is reduced for converter smelting operation, refractory materials and energy media, even if endpoint oxygen is high due to improper operation caused by special reasons, the RH furnace can still adopt an emergency smelting mode according to conditions, and a smelting process of adding iron ore is achieved.
The invention is used for smelting SPHC low-carbon hot rolled sheet steel, which reduces the defects of converter peroxidation, difficult refining deoxidation and slag formation, long smelting period and the like caused by the traditional process, couples the technical requirements of low oxygen and high carbon of the converter process with the process characteristics of rapid decarburization under the RH furnace vacuum condition, solves the pain point of smelting the steel, searches and formulates standard smelting process parameters and practical experience, and brings new breakthrough and situation for improving the steelmaking process technology.
The method can be realized by the upper and lower limit values of the interval and the interval value of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like), and the examples are not necessarily listed here.
The invention may be practiced without these specific details, using any knowledge known in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A smelting method for adding iron ore comprises the following steps:
1) The converter adopts a low-oxygen high-carbon tapping process, carbon is controlled according to 0.07% -0.10%, steel is placed without deoxidization, and a modifier is added after the steel is placed;
2) After the RH furnace is treated for 3 to 4 minutes, adding iron ore for decarburization, controlling the decarburization time to be 5 to 7 minutes, carrying out deoxidization alloying after decarburization, carrying out pure degassing for 5 to 9 minutes, and then discharging the steel from a direct-up continuous casting machine for casting;
the addition amount of the iron ore is specifically as follows: the oxygen is added according to the oxygen amount of 2-4 min: setting the oxygen amount as Xppm, adding iron ore as Y (kg), the molten steel amount as t tons,
(1) when the oxygen content is less than or equal to 300ppm, the calculation formula of adding iron ore is as follows:
the iron ore amount is Y (kg) = { [ 2100/(X+100) -5 ]. Times.150. T/130}/2
(2) When the oxygen content is more than 300ppm, the iron ore is added in the following amount:
adding iron ore, adding 1.15-1.16 kg/ton of steel, adding 0.15-0.16 kg/ton of carbon powder for deoxidization, adding the carbon powder in batches according to the adding amount, wherein each batch is less than or equal to 10kg, the interval time is 20-40 seconds, the temperature drop in the RH process is 15-20 ℃, the speed is 1-1.5 ℃/min, and the temperature drop of the iron ore is calculated according to 1.5 times of the temperature drop of the scrap steel;
the adding sequence is that adding iron ore for 0.5-2min and then adding carbon powder.
2. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the modifier in step 1) includes CaO, al 2 O 3 And SiO 2 One or more of the above, and the amount of the modifier added is 0.77-1.54 kg/ton steel.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen content in the step 1) is 200 to 350ppm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the deoxidizing in step 2) is performed by using aluminum pellets.
5. Smelting process according to claim 1, characterized in that the iron ore has a grade of more than 60, the iron ore comprising hematite and/or magnetite.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103276152A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-09-04 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Decarburization method by addition of manganese mine in RH |
| CN113337678A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | Refining method for RH rapid decarburization |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103276152A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-09-04 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Decarburization method by addition of manganese mine in RH |
| CN113337678A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | Refining method for RH rapid decarburization |
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