CN114790131A - Positive electrode lithium supplement additive, positive electrode plate, preparation method of positive electrode plate and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Positive electrode lithium supplement additive, positive electrode plate, preparation method of positive electrode plate and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114790131A CN114790131A CN202110099315.6A CN202110099315A CN114790131A CN 114790131 A CN114790131 A CN 114790131A CN 202110099315 A CN202110099315 A CN 202110099315A CN 114790131 A CN114790131 A CN 114790131A
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- positive electrode
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C39/235—Metal derivatives of a hydroxy group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
Abstract
The invention provides a positive pole piece and a preparation method thereof, wherein the positive pole piece contains the positive pole lithium supplement additive. The invention also provides a lithium ion secondary battery, which comprises the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, the organic electrolyte, the diaphragm and a packaging film. The positive electrode lithium supplement additive provided by the invention can supplement lithium ions consumed in the SEI film forming process of the lithium ion battery, can effectively reduce the capacity loss problem of the lithium ion battery in the first charging and discharging process, improves the first charging and discharging efficiency, and improves the energy density of the lithium ion battery;
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a positive electrode lithium supplement additive, a positive electrode plate, a preparation method of the positive electrode plate and a lithium ion battery.
Background
Energy density of power batteryThe conventional graphite material (with a theoretical capacity of 372mAh/g) cannot meet the design requirement of a high-specific-energy battery, a Si negative electrode material with higher capacity becomes an optimal choice for improving the specific capacity of a negative electrode, the theoretical capacity of the Si material can reach 4200mAh/g, but the huge volume expansion (more than 300%) causes poor cycle performance of the Si negative electrode material. SiO 2 x Materials have become the mainstream of applications in recent years, but SiO x Lithium oxide can be formed in the process of Li insertion of the material for the first time, so that a large amount of Li elements lose activity and become dead lithium, the first efficiency of the battery is reduced, and the improvement of the specific energy of the power battery is influenced.
To address this problem, a lithium replenishment additive is typically added to the positive electrode to provide additional lithium during the first cycle to compensate for the loss of active lithium due to the irreversible reaction. The positive electrode additives include a number of lithium salt additives, such as metal/Li 2 O, metal/LiF, Li 5 FeO 4 Etc., such as Li 2 O reacts in the battery to generate gas, which causes potential safety hazard, and Li 5 FeO 4 The material remaining in the positive electrode after the reaction adversely affects the overall performance of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positive electrode lithium supplement additive, a positive electrode plate, a preparation method of the positive electrode plate and a lithium ion battery, aiming at the problem that gas is generated in the process of preparing a traditional lithium supplement material or the gas is remained in a positive electrode after reaction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a positive electrode lithium supplement additive, the structure of which is shown in a structural formula I
Wherein R is 1 Is C1-C5 alkyl, preferably-CH 3 ,-CH 2 CH 3 or-CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ;R 2 ~R 6 Each independently selected from-OLi or H; r 2 ~R 6 At least one group is-OLi.
Preferably, the additive is one or more of the formula II, the formula III and the formula IV in any combination.
The invention provides a positive pole piece, which comprises a positive pole lithium supplement additive; wherein, the positive electrode lithium supplement additive is the additive of the invention.
Preferably, the positive electrode plate further comprises a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, a dispersant and a positive electrode current collector.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the positive electrode lithium supplement additive, the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder is (1% -10%), (80% -95%), (1% -5%), more preferably (3% -8%), (85% -95%), (1% -3%).
The third aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a positive pole piece, which comprises the following steps: uniformly dispersing the adhesive and the conductive material in the solvent, then adding the positive active material for uniform dispersion, finally adding the positive lithium supplement additive for uniform dispersion, then carrying out extrusion coating on a positive current collector by a coating die head (slot die), drying the pole piece by an oven (with the temperature of about 100-.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, organic electrolyte, a diaphragm and a packaging film; the positive pole piece is the positive pole piece disclosed by the invention.
By the technical scheme, according to the invention, aiming at the problem that gas is generated in the lithium supplementing process of the traditional lithium supplementing material or the gas is remained in the anode after reaction, the anode lithium supplementing additive is adopted for lithium supplementation, the anode lithium supplementation can be realized after the battery is manufactured, and the residual organic part after the lithium is removed from the anode lithium supplementing additive is dissolved in the electrolyte, so that the gas cannot be generated and the residual organic part cannot remain in the anode.
According to the positive electrode lithium supplement additive provided by the invention, the residual organic part after lithium removal is dissolved in the electrolyte, so that the high voltage resistance of the electrolyte can be improved, and the overcharge capability and the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery can be improved.
According to the invention, the lithium supplement additive for the anode is used for supplementing lithium to the cathode of the lithium ion battery, lithium ions consumed in the SEI film forming process are supplemented, the capacity loss problem of the lithium ion battery in the first charging and discharging process can be effectively reduced, the first charging and discharging efficiency is improved, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, each range between its endpoints and individual point values, and each individual point value can be combined with each other to give one or more new numerical ranges, and such numerical ranges should be construed as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, "CX (X is a number)" represents the number of carbon (C) atoms per molecule of the corresponding component, and for example, the alkyl group of C1-C5 means that the number of carbon atoms per molecule of the alkyl group is between 1 and 5.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium supplement additive for a positive electrode, the additive having a structure represented by formula i:
wherein R is 1 Is C1-C5 alkyl, preferably-CH 3 ,-CH 2 CH 3 or-CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ;R 2 ~R 6 Each independently selected from-OLi or H; r is 2 ~R 6 At least one group is-OLi.
The research of the invention finds that the positive electrode lithium supplement additive with the structure shown in the formula I can remove lithium at a lower voltage, has good lithium supplement activity, supplements lithium ions consumed in the SEI film formation process, supplements lithium for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, can effectively reduce the capacity loss problem of the lithium ion battery in the first charge-discharge process, improves the first charge-discharge efficiency, and improves the specific energy density of the lithium ion battery.
The residual organic part after the lithium is removed from the anode lithium supplement additive is dissolved in the electrolyte, so that gas cannot be generated, and the residual organic part cannot remain in the anode.
According to the invention, R is preferably controlled 2 ~R 6 The number of the medium-OLi substituents is 2 to 3. Research shows that the positive electrode lithium supplement additive with the structure shown in the formula I, lithium ions in the OLi substituent group are active substances for supplementing lithium, the quantity of the OLi substituent group is too small, the lithium supplement activity of the lithium supplement additive is influenced, the quantity of the OLi substituent group is too large, the lithium ions in the lithium supplement additive are released too fast, and the battery structure is irreversibly damaged due to the severe consumption of the lithium supplement active substances.
According to the invention, more preferably, the lithium supplement additive is one or more of the following formulas II, III and IV in any combination. The lithium supplement additives in the formulas II, III and IV can stably supplement lithium in the first charging and discharging process, and after the residual organic part is dissolved in the electrolyte after lithium is removed, the high-voltage resistance of the electrolyte can be improved, and the overcharge capability and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery can be improved.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a positive electrode plate, which includes a positive electrode lithium supplement additive, wherein the positive electrode lithium supplement additive is the additive according to the present invention.
According to the invention, the positive pole piece further comprises a positive active material, a conductive material, a binder, a dispersant and a positive current collector.
In the invention, the lithium supplement additive with too high addition amount can cause the first charge and discharge efficiency of the lithium ion battery to be lower, and when the addition amount of the lithium supplement additive is increased, the key factor for limiting the first charge and discharge efficiency of the whole battery is converted from a negative electrode to a positive electrode; based on the total weight of the positive electrode lithium supplement additive, the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder, the weight ratio of the positive electrode lithium supplement additive, the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder is (1% -10%), (80% -95%), (1% -5%), preferably (3% -8%), (85% -95%), (1% -3%). By adopting the optimal proportion, the positive electrode lithium supplement additive can fully exert the lithium supplement effect, and after the lithium ion battery is charged and discharged for the first time, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery can be ensured to have the advantage of high energy density, so that the energy density of the lithium ion battery is comprehensively improved.
According to the present invention, the kind of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, and may be various positive electrode active materials commonly used in the art, and specifically, the positive electrode active material is LiCoO 2 、LiFePO 4 One or more of a nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary material, a nickel cobalt lithium aluminate ternary material and a nickel cobalt manganese aluminum quaternary material.
According to the present invention, the conductive material may be a conductive agent conventional in the art, preferably the conductive material has a high conductive capability, and is preferably one or more of acetylene black, ketjen black, conductive carbon black (Super-P), carbon nanotube, and carbon nanofiber (VGCF).
According to the present invention, the kind and content of the binder may be conventionally selected in the art, and preferably the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and Polyimide (PI).
According to the invention, the selectable range of the types of the dispersing agent and the positive electrode current collector is wide, and the types of the dispersing agent and the positive electrode current collector can be selected conventionally in the field, and the invention is not described herein again.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a positive electrode sheet, the method comprising: firstly, uniformly dispersing an adhesive and a conductive agent in a solvent, then adding a positive active material for uniform dispersion, finally adding a positive lithium supplement additive for uniform dispersion, then performing slot die extrusion coating on a positive current collector, drying a pole piece by an oven (the temperature is 100 plus material at 110 ℃) in the coating, rolling by a cold roller, and punching to obtain the positive pole piece.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a non-aqueous electrolyte, a separator, and a packaging film; the positive pole piece is the positive pole piece of the fourth aspect of the invention.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery has no special requirements, and the lithium ion battery of the invention can be prepared by the methods in the prior art, and the detailed description is omitted here.
According to the invention, the lithium supplement is carried out on the lithium ion battery cathode by using the anode lithium supplement additive, and lithium ions consumed in the SEI film forming process are supplemented, so that the problem of capacity loss of the lithium ion battery in the first charging and discharging process can be effectively reduced, the first charging and discharging efficiency is improved, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Example 1
(1) First, Super P (2 wt%) and PVDF (3 wt%) are mixed evenly in NMP (nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone) solvent, then LiNi is added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (90 wt%) mixing, finally adding lithiated hydroxy-p-methylbenzene (5 wt%) mixing uniformly, coating on an aluminum foil, baking, rolling and punching to obtain a positive plate;
(2) firstly, dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1.5 wt%) in deionized water (solid content is 1.5%), then sequentially adding artificial graphite (85 wt%), silicon monoxide (10 wt%) and Super P (1 wt%) in 50% CMC solution for uniform dispersion, then adding the rest CMC solution and SBR (2.5 wt%) for uniform dispersion, and obtaining a negative plate through coating, baking, rolling and punching on a copper foil;
(3) and (4) after assembling the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Example 2
(1) Super P (2 wt%) and PVDF (3 wt%) are mixed uniformly in solvent NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone), LiNi is added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (90 wt%) mixing, finally adding lithiated 3, 5-dihydroxymethylbenzene (5 wt%) and mixing uniformly, and obtaining the positive plate through coating on an aluminum foil, baking, rolling and punching;
(2) dissolving CMC (1.5 wt%) in deionized water (solid content is 1.5%), sequentially adding artificial graphite (85 wt%), silicon oxide (10 wt%) and Super P (1 wt%) in 50% CMC solution, uniformly dispersing, then adding the rest CMC solution and SBR (2.5 wt%) to uniformly disperse, and obtaining a negative plate through coating, baking, rolling and punching on a copper foil;
(3) and (4) after assembling the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Example 3
(1) First, Super P (2 wt%) and PVDF (3 wt%) are mixed evenly in NMP (nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone) solvent, then LiNi is added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (90 wt%) mixing, finally adding lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene (5 wt%) and mixing uniformly, and obtaining a positive plate through coating on an aluminum foil, baking, rolling and punching;
(2) dissolving CMC (1.5 wt%) in deionized water (solid content is 1.5%), sequentially adding artificial graphite (85 wt%), silicon monoxide (10 wt%) and Super P (1 wt%) in 50% CMC solution, uniformly dispersing, adding the rest CMC solution and SBR (2.5 wt%), uniformly dispersing, and coating, baking, rolling and punching on copper foil to obtain a negative plate;
(3) and (4) after assembling the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Example 4
The only difference compared to example 1 is that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode formulation was lithiated hydroxy-p-ethylbenzene (5 wt%), lithiated hydroxy-p-ethylbenzene: (1)5wt%)、LiNi 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (90 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 1, and a positive electrode sheet was obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Example 5
The only difference compared to example 2 is that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode formulation was lithiated 3, 5-dihydroxyethylbenzene (5 wt%), LiNi 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (90 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 2, and positive electrode sheets were obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Example 6
The only difference compared to example 3 is that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode batch was lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxyethylbenzene (5 wt%), LiNi 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (90 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 3, and positive electrode sheets were obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is only that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode batch is changed to lithiate 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, and the lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene (3 wt%) and LiNi are added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (92 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 3, and positive electrode sheets were obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Example 8
Compared with example 3, the difference is only that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode material is changed to lithiate 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, and the lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene (10 wt%) and LiNi are added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (85 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were dosed in the order described in example 3, stirred, coated, baked, rolled, stampedAnd cutting to obtain the positive plate.
Example 9
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is only that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode batch is changed to lithiate 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, and the lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene (11 wt%) and LiNi are added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (84 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 3, and positive electrode sheets were obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Example 10
Compared with example 3, the difference is only that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode material is changed to lithiate 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, and the lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene (1 wt%) and LiNi are added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (94 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 3, and a positive electrode sheet was obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Example 11
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is only that the lithium supplement additive in the positive electrode batch is changed to lithiate 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, and the lithiated 2,3, 5-trihydroxymethylbenzene (8 wt%) and LiNi are added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (87 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in example 3, and positive electrode sheets were obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is only that the lithium supplement additive is not added in the cathode material, and LiNi is added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 (95 wt%), Super P (2 wt%), Pvdf (3 wt%) were fed in the order described in the examples, and positive electrode sheets were obtained by stirring, coating, baking, rolling, and punching.
Test example
Table 1 shows the first charge-discharge cycle conditions of examples 1 to 11 and comparative example 1
TABLE 1
Circulation of | Initial voltage | Cut-off voltage | Mechanism for controlling a motor |
First charge | OCV | 4.3V | Constant current charging (0.02C) |
First discharge of electricity | 4.3V | 2.0V | Constant current discharge (0.02C) |
Table 2: test results of examples 1 to 11 and comparative example 1
TABLE 2
From the test results of Table 2, comparative example 1 is a ternary positive electrode LiNi because no lithium supplement additive was added 5 Co 2 Mn 3 O 2 Li in (1) + The loss of the negative electrode results in low first charge and discharge efficiency. The initial coulombic efficiency of the method is far lower than that of the embodiments 1-11, and the cycle performance is poor.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the specific features in any suitable way, and the invention will not be further described in relation to the various possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as disclosed in the present invention, and all such modifications and combinations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
2. The additive of claim 1, wherein R is 1 is-CH 3 ,-CH 2 CH 3 or-CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 。
4. the positive pole piece is characterized by comprising a positive pole lithium supplement additive; wherein the positive electrode lithium supplement additive is the additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The positive electrode sheet according to claim 4, wherein the positive electrode sheet further comprises a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, a dispersant and a positive electrode current collector; the weight ratio of the positive electrode lithium supplement additive, the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder is (1% -10%), (80% -95%), (1% -5%), preferably (3% -8%), (85% -95%), (1% -3%).
6. The positive electrode sheet according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the positive electrode active material is LiCoO 2 、LiFePO 4 One or more of nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary material, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate ternary material and nickel cobalt manganese aluminum quaternary material can be combined randomly.
7. The positive electrode plate according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the conductive material is any combination of one or more of acetylene black, Ketjen black, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.
8. The positive electrode plate as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid and polyimide in any combination.
9. A preparation method for preparing the positive pole piece of any one of claims 4 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly dispersing the adhesive and the conductive material in the solvent, then adding the positive active material for uniform dispersion, finally adding the positive lithium supplement additive for uniform dispersion, then carrying out slot die extrusion coating on the positive current collector, and drying the pole piece by an oven, rolling and punching in the coating process to obtain the positive pole piece.
10. A lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, organic electrolyte, a diaphragm and a packaging film;
wherein, the positive pole piece is the positive pole piece of any one of claims 4 to 8.
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