CN114789290A - Titanium alloy plasma welding method - Google Patents
Titanium alloy plasma welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114789290A CN114789290A CN202210455831.2A CN202210455831A CN114789290A CN 114789290 A CN114789290 A CN 114789290A CN 202210455831 A CN202210455831 A CN 202210455831A CN 114789290 A CN114789290 A CN 114789290A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 19
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 burrs Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001040 Beta-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium alloy plasma welding method, which comprises the following steps: and drying and cooling the composite metal powder mixed by the tungsten carbide, the Ni, the Cu and the Nb to room temperature, and welding the composite metal powder on the surface of the preheated titanium alloy by adopting plasma welding. According to the invention, the composite metal powder mixed by tungsten carbide, Ni, Cu and Nb is cladded on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece by adopting a plasma welding method, so that the welding penetration is increased, and the porosity of a welding seam is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a titanium alloy plasma welding method.
Background
Titanium alloys are alloys based on titanium with other elements added. In recent industry, titanium alloy has become the first choice material for high performance structural members due to its excellent characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. In addition, titanium has unique functions of biocompatibility, superconduction, hydrogen storage, shape memory and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of medical appliances, chemical engineering, aerospace, ships and warships and the like.
At present, hundreds of titanium alloys are known, and the titanium alloys can be classified into α alloys, (α + β) alloys, β alloys, and intermetallic compound titanium alloys. In recent years, there are mainly 4 types of novel titanium alloys: high-temperature titanium alloy, high-strength high-toughness beta-type titanium alloy, titanium-aluminum-based alloy and composite materials thereof and flame-retardant titanium alloy. Titanium and titanium alloys are relatively stable at ambient temperatures. With the rise of the temperature, the titanium and the titanium alloy absorb oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in an obviously increased amount, the titanium absorbs hydrogen from 250 ℃, oxygen from 400 ℃ and nitrogen from 600 ℃. The maximum solubility of oxygen in a titanium is 14.5 atomic%, in β titanium 1.8 atomic%, and nitrogen 7 and 2 atomic%, respectively. The hydrogen content of the titanium weld has the most significant influence on the impact performance of the weld, and in addition, when the amount of oxygen and nitrogen in the seam is higher, the plasticity of the weld or a heat affected zone is reduced, the performance becomes brittle, and cracks can also appear under the action of larger welding stress.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a titanium alloy welding process capable of improving welding formation and controlling porosity defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a titanium alloy plasma welding method which can increase the welding penetration, reduce air holes and improve the welding quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a titanium alloy plasma welding method comprises the following steps: and drying and cooling the composite metal powder mixed by the tungsten carbide, the Ni, the Cu and the Nb to room temperature, and welding the composite metal powder on the surface of the preheated titanium alloy by adopting plasma welding.
Further, the titanium alloy is also pretreated before preheating, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of the titanium alloy with an organic solvent, drying, and mechanically cleaning to remove the surface oxide film.
Further, the preheating temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the preheating range is 3-4 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
Furthermore, the mass percentage of the tungsten carbide, the Ni, the Cu and the Nb is 15-25%, 60-65%, 5-15% and 5-10%.
Furthermore, the mass percentage ratio of the tungsten carbide, the Ni, the Cu and the Nb is 20 percent to 60 percent to 15 percent to 5 percent.
Further, the particle size of the composite metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
Further, the process parameters of the plasma welding are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 18-20L/min, the powder feeding rate of the synchronous powder feeder is 20-28 g/min, the welding current is 80-85A, the welding voltage is 12-16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow rate of plasma gas is 20-25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm.
Further, the process parameters of the plasma welding are as follows: the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of the synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm.
Further, in the plasma welding end stage, the plasma gas flow is reduced at the speed of 0.3-0.5L/min until arc quenching.
And further, continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the plasma welding method is adopted to increase the welding penetration which reaches more than 5mm, reduce the porosity of the welding seam, improve the stability of the welding position and improve the welding quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The products used in the examples are all conventional products commercially available and can be sold according to the selling standard unless otherwise specified. In the examples, unless otherwise specified, the methods used were all conventional methods and the apparatuses used were all conventional apparatuses.
Example 1
(1) The method comprises the steps of cleaning the titanium alloy by using acetone or other organic solvents, thoroughly removing moisture, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy, cleaning and drying the titanium alloy by using a large amount of water after cleaning, mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece by using a steel brush and abrasive paper, and removing an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting powder mixed by 20 mass percent of tungsten carbide, 60 mass percent of Ni, Cu and Nb, 15 mass percent of Nb and 5 mass percent of Nb into a ball mill, grinding the powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine after cooling to the room temperature.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ionic gas is output in a welding stage in a constant-current mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly reduced ion gas flow at the end of welding, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
According to the embodiment, the titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 5.25mm, complete penetration is realized, and the porosity of a welding seam is reduced.
Example 2
(1) The titanium alloy is cleaned by acetone or other organic solvents, water, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy are thoroughly removed, a large amount of water is used for cleaning and blow-drying after cleaning, and a steel brush and abrasive paper are used for mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece to remove an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting powder mixed by 25 mass percent of tungsten carbide, 65 mass percent of Ni, Cu and Nb and 5 mass percent of Nb into a ball mill, grinding the powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine after cooling to the room temperature.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ion gas is output at the welding stage in a constant flow mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly-descending ion gas flow at the welding end stage, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
According to the embodiment, the titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 5.09mm, complete penetration is realized, and the porosity of a welding seam is reduced.
Example 3
(1) The titanium alloy is cleaned by acetone or other organic solvents, water, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy are thoroughly removed, a large amount of water is used for cleaning and blow-drying after cleaning, and a steel brush and abrasive paper are used for mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece to remove an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) The alloy is prepared from 15 mass percent of tungsten carbide, 65 mass percent of Ni, 10 mass percent of Cu and Nb:
and (3) putting 10% of mixed powder into a ball mill, grinding the mixed powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and after cooling to the room temperature, filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ionic gas is output in a welding stage in a constant-current mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly-descending ion gas flow at the welding end stage, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
According to the embodiment, the titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 5.11mm, complete penetration is realized, and the porosity of a welding seam is reduced.
Example 4
(1) The titanium alloy is cleaned by acetone or other organic solvents, water, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy are thoroughly removed, a large amount of water is used for cleaning and blow-drying after cleaning, and a steel brush and abrasive paper are used for mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece to remove an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting powder mixed by 20 mass percent of tungsten carbide, 60 mass percent of Ni, Cu and Nb, 15 mass percent of Nb and 5 mass percent of Nb into a ball mill, grinding the powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine after cooling to the room temperature.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ionic gas is output in a welding stage in a constant-current mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 18L/min, the powder feeding rate of the synchronous powder feeder is 20g/min, the welding current is 80A, the welding voltage is 12V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 20L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly reduced ion gas flow at the end of welding, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
According to the embodiment, the titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 5.23mm, complete penetration is realized, and the porosity of a welding seam is reduced.
Example 5
(1) The method comprises the steps of cleaning the titanium alloy by using acetone or other organic solvents, thoroughly removing moisture, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy, cleaning and drying the titanium alloy by using a large amount of water after cleaning, mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece by using a steel brush and abrasive paper, and removing an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting powder mixed by 20 mass percent of tungsten carbide, 60 mass percent of Ni, Cu and Nb, 15 mass percent of Nb and 5 mass percent of Nb into a ball mill, grinding the powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine after cooling to the room temperature.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ion gas is output at the welding stage in a constant flow mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 16L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 25g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 22L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly-descending ion gas flow at the welding end stage, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.3L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
According to the embodiment, the titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 5.22mm, complete penetration is realized, and the porosity of a welding seam is reduced.
Comparative example 1
The composite metal powder was different from example 1.
(1) The titanium alloy is cleaned by acetone or other organic solvents, water, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy are thoroughly removed, a large amount of water is used for cleaning and blow-drying after cleaning, and a steel brush and abrasive paper are used for mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece to remove an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting the same mass of the copper-based alloy into a ball mill, grinding the copper-based alloy into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and after cooling to the room temperature, filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ionic gas is output in a welding stage in a constant-current mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly reduced ion gas flow at the end of welding, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
The titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded in the comparative example, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 4.25mm, the titanium alloy workpiece is not completely welded, and a single large air hole with the thickness of about 3mm appears in a welding line.
Comparative example 2
The composite metal powder was different from example 1.
(1) The titanium alloy is cleaned by acetone or other organic solvents, water, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy are thoroughly removed, a large amount of water is used for cleaning and blow-drying after cleaning, and a steel brush and abrasive paper are used for mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece to remove an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting the nickel-based alloy with the same mass into a ball mill, grinding the nickel-based alloy into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and after cooling to the room temperature, filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ion gas is output at the welding stage in a constant flow mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of the synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly reduced ion gas flow at the end of welding, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
According to the comparative example, a titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 4.33mm, the titanium alloy workpiece is not completely welded, and a single large air hole with the thickness of about 3mm appears in a welding line.
Comparative example 3
The plasma welding conditions were different compared to example 1.
(1) The method comprises the steps of cleaning the titanium alloy by using acetone or other organic solvents, thoroughly removing moisture, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy, cleaning and drying the titanium alloy by using a large amount of water after cleaning, mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece by using a steel brush and abrasive paper, and removing an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting powder mixed by 20 mass percent of tungsten carbide, 60 mass percent of Ni, Cu and Nb, 15 mass percent of Nb and 5 mass percent of Nb into a ball mill, grinding the powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine after cooling to the room temperature.
(4) The preheated titanium alloy is placed on a workbench, the flow of the conveying gas of the composite metal powder is adjusted, so that the powder flow, the plasma gas and the shielding gas can form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then surfacing is carried out, and the high-flow ionic gas is output in a welding stage in a constant-current mode, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 100A, the welding voltage is 20V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 16L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (3) outputting slowly-descending ion gas flow at the welding end stage, reducing the plasma gas flow at the speed of 0.5L/min until the arc is extinguished, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
The titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded in the comparative example, the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 4.78mm, the titanium alloy workpiece is not completely welded, and a large number of scattered air holes with the thickness of about 0.5mm appear in a welding line.
Comparative example 4
The plasma welding conditions were different compared to example 1.
(1) The method comprises the steps of cleaning the titanium alloy by using acetone or other organic solvents, thoroughly removing moisture, burrs, paint films, residual dirt and other impurities capable of reacting with the titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy, cleaning and drying the titanium alloy by using a large amount of water after cleaning, mechanically cleaning the surface of a test piece by using a steel brush and abrasive paper, and removing an oxide film on the surface.
(2) The titanium alloy is preheated before welding, the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, and the preheating range is 3 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
(3) Putting powder mixed by 20 mass percent, 60 mass percent, 15 mass percent and 5 mass percent of tungsten carbide, Ni, Cu and Nb into a ball mill, grinding the powder into composite metal powder with the particle size of 200 meshes, drying the powder at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 1h, and filling the composite metal powder into a synchronous powder feeder of a welding machine after cooling to the room temperature.
(4) Placing the preheated titanium alloy on a workbench, adjusting the flow of conveying gas of composite metal powder to enable the powder flow, plasma gas and shielding gas to form an environment capable of generating stable plasma, then performing surfacing welding, and outputting large-flow constant-current ion gas in the whole welding stage, wherein the main process parameters are as follows: argon gas with the purity of 99.99 percent is introduced for protection in the welding stage, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of a synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm; and (4) quenching the arc after welding, and continuously introducing argon into the plasma device after the arc is quenched until the titanium alloy workpiece is cooled to room temperature.
The titanium alloy plate with the thickness of more than 4mm can be welded in the comparative example, and the final welding penetration of the obtained titanium alloy workpiece is 4.95mm and is not welded through.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A plasma welding method for titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: and drying and cooling the composite metal powder mixed by the tungsten carbide, the Ni, the Cu and the Nb to room temperature, and welding the composite metal powder on the surface of the preheated titanium alloy by adopting plasma welding.
2. The plasma welding method of titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the titanium alloy is further pretreated before preheating, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of the titanium alloy with an organic solvent, drying, mechanically cleaning, and removing the surface oxide film.
3. The plasma welding method of titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature is 80-100 ℃ and the preheating range is 3-4 times of the thickness of the titanium alloy.
4. The plasma welding method of titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass percentage ratio of tungsten carbide, Ni, Cu, Nb is 15-25%: 60-65%: 5-15%: 5-10%.
5. The plasma welding method of titanium alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass percentage ratio of tungsten carbide, Ni, Cu and Nb is 20%: 60%: 15%: 5%.
6. The plasma welding method of titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the composite metal powder is 200 to 300 mesh.
7. The plasma welding method for titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the plasma welding are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 18-20L/min, the powder feeding rate of the synchronous powder feeder is 20-28 g/min, the welding current is 80-85A, the welding voltage is 12-16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow rate of plasma gas is 20-25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm.
8. The plasma welding method for titanium alloy according to claim 7, wherein the process parameters of the plasma welding are as follows: the flow of argon gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding rate of the synchronous powder feeder is 28g/min, the welding current is 85A, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 0.30m/min, the flow of plasma gas is 25L/min, and the distance between a nozzle and a titanium alloy workpiece is 3 mm.
9. The plasma welding method of titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the plasma welding end stage reduces the plasma gas flow rate at a speed of 0.3 to 0.5L/min until arc quenching.
10. A method for plasma welding of titanium alloys as claimed in claim 9 wherein argon is continued to be introduced into the plasma apparatus after the arc has been extinguished until the titanium alloy workpiece has cooled to room temperature.
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