CN114784830A - Comprehensive physical energy storage system and energy storage method of gravity combined flywheel - Google Patents
Comprehensive physical energy storage system and energy storage method of gravity combined flywheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114784830A CN114784830A CN202210318924.0A CN202210318924A CN114784830A CN 114784830 A CN114784830 A CN 114784830A CN 202210318924 A CN202210318924 A CN 202210318924A CN 114784830 A CN114784830 A CN 114784830A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive physical energy storage system and method combining gravity and a flywheel. The gravity energy storage module comprises a gravity energy storage motor, a hoisting machine, a steel cable, a lifting appliance, a heavy object block, a vertical shaft and the like; the flywheel energy storage module comprises an energy storage flywheel rotor, a flywheel main shaft, an energy storage flywheel motor, a bearing, a vacuum chamber, a protective shell and the like; the structure of the frequency modulation flywheel module is the same as that of the flywheel energy storage module; the comprehensive physical energy storage system further comprises a machine side converter, a network side converter, a direct current bus, an energy management system, a controller and the like. The invention realizes stable discharge to the power grid for a long time through the cooperative cooperation of gravity and the flywheel energy storage system, and avoids the influence of frequent start-stop and intermittence of the gravity energy storage unit on the power grid and the system. When energy storage is realized, a special frequency modulation flywheel is equipped to complete the frequency modulation function of a power grid connected with an energy storage system, so that the stability of the output power is ensured, and the stability of the frequency of the power grid is also realized, thereby improving the operation safety and reliability of the power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power grid energy storage such as gravity energy storage and flywheel energy storage, and particularly relates to a comprehensive physical energy storage system combining gravity and a flywheel and an energy storage method.
Background
The generation of electric energy and the demand of load in the power grid must keep real-time dynamic balance, but under the influence of a series of external factors, the power load of residents can fluctuate greatly along with time; the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy power can also have a significant influence on the stable operation of the power grid. The power energy storage device is introduced into the power grid, so that peak clipping and valley filling can be finished, smooth load is realized, time-space transfer of electric energy is realized, large-scale renewable energy power can be consumed, frequency modulation and voltage regulation are realized, and the stability and flexibility of the power grid are improved. Therefore, a power energy storage technology with high capacity, high efficiency and low cost is an important research direction for realizing large-scale grid connection of renewable energy sources and improving the stability of a power grid.
The traditional energy storage technology has advantages and disadvantages in the aspects of flexible site selection, safety, efficiency, economy and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirements of a power grid. The gravity energy storage technology is a novel physical energy storage mode, and is expected to become one of the future important energy storage technologies due to the advantages of large capacity, high efficiency, low cost, long discharge time, flexible site selection and the like. The current novel gravity energy storage technology mainly comprises: (1) the novel water pumping energy storage system mainly comprises a seawater water pumping energy storage system, an undersea energy storage system and a piston water pump system. The ocean energy storage system has the advantages of effectively improving the utilization of ocean energy, having large energy storage scale and the like, but has the defects of higher construction and maintenance cost, easy corrosion and shorter service life; (2) the ground high tower gravity energy storage has the advantages of large energy storage scale, high energy storage density, easy integration and the like, and has the defects of high construction site limitation and strict requirements on stacking and height of heavy objects; (3) the mountain gravity energy storage has the advantages of large energy storage scale, low site selection requirement, small environmental influence and the like, but has the defects of high construction and maintenance cost and more influence factors on system energy storage and efficiency; (4) the vertical shaft gravity energy storage has the advantages of large energy storage scale, high safety coefficient, lower construction cost and the like, but has the defects of power fluctuation and intermittence in energy storage and release by adopting a plurality of weights.
For the single gravity energy storage technology, the current common shaft hoist structure comprises a single-sling or single-cage, double-sling or double-cage traction driving structure. If the gravity energy storage is realized by adopting single heavy object lifting, the energy stored by the single heavy object is difficult to be increased due to the limitation of the load capacity of the lifting machine. In order to improve the energy storage capacity, the elevator needs to adopt a plurality of weights to continuously lift, so that the long-time output of the system can be realized, and the requirement can be well met.
The hoisting of heavy objects by using hoisting equipment is one of the main forms for realizing high-efficiency gravity energy storage, but the hoisting process of multiple objects has intermittency, and frequent starting and stopping are needed, so that the intermittency and fluctuation of charge and discharge power are caused, and the application and popularization of the technology are limited. And the mine double-cage hoisting machine can improve the load capacity in research and application, can shorten the time interval in the hoisting process of multiple objects, and can well meet the requirement of the gravity energy storage technology on the hoisting machine.
In addition, generally speaking, the gravity energy storage system has the problems of slow power response speed and poor adjustability, and chinese patent CN202110636103.7 of the invention proposes a comprehensive energy storage system based on a chemical battery and gravity energy storage, which relies on the good power adjustment characteristic of the chemical battery to solve the problems of renewable energy power fluctuation and poor adjustment of the gravity energy storage power. However, the service life of the chemical battery is affected when the chemical battery is operated under the working condition of frequent charging and discharging, and the recycling treatment of the retired battery also has problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive physical energy storage system combining gravity and a flywheel and an energy storage method.
The comprehensive physical energy storage system and the energy storage method of the invention, which combine gravity with the flywheel, can meet the requirements of high-power and long-time stable electric energy output of the energy storage technology, improve the quality of output electric energy, and avoid the problems of frequent start and stop of equipment in operation and the like; the influence of the address condition and the address selection requirement is small; the energy storage capacity is large, and the energy storage and release efficiency is high; the device has the advantages of long service life, low maintenance cost and the like. The invention can provide stable and reliable flexible energy storage technology for large-scale grid connection of the distributed power supply to improve the quality of electric energy and play roles of time-space transfer, voltage regulation, frequency modulation, smooth load and the like of the electric energy.
The comprehensive physical energy storage system of the gravity combined flywheel comprises a gravity energy storage system and a flywheel energy storage system, wherein the gravity energy storage system comprises a gravity energy storage motor, a hoisting machine, a steel cable, a lifting appliance, a heavy object block, a vertical shaft and a gravity machine side converter; the flywheel energy storage system comprises an energy storage flywheel rotor, a flywheel main shaft, an energy storage flywheel motor, a bearing, a vacuum chamber, a protective shell and an energy storage flywheel machine side converter; the device also comprises a frequency modulation flywheel module, a frequency modulation flywheel module and a control module, wherein the frequency modulation flywheel module comprises a frequency modulation flywheel rotor, a flywheel main shaft, a frequency modulation flywheel motor, a bearing, a vacuum chamber, a protective shell and a frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter; the energy storage side direct current bus, the energy storage network side converter, the energy management system, the frequency modulation side direct current bus, the frequency modulation network side converter, the controller and the like are also included; a hoisting machine of the gravity energy storage module is connected with a heavy object block on a hoisting tool through a steel cable in a cable winding disc and is connected with a gravity energy storage motor, and the gravity energy storage motor is connected with a gravity machine side converter, then is connected to an energy storage side direct current bus and finally is connected to a power grid; the energy storage flywheel rotor is connected with the bearing and the energy storage flywheel motor through a flywheel main shaft, and the energy storage flywheel motor is connected with a side converter of the energy storage flywheel, then is connected to an energy storage side direct current bus and finally is connected to a power grid; the frequency modulation flywheel rotor is connected with the bearing and the frequency modulation flywheel motor through a flywheel main shaft, and the frequency modulation flywheel motor is connected with a frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter and then connected to a frequency modulation side direct current bus; and the frequency modulation side direct current bus is connected with the frequency modulation network side converter and finally connected to a power grid. The input end of the energy management system is connected with a power grid, and the output end of the energy management system is connected with the controller; the controller is connected with the gravity machine side converter, the energy storage flywheel machine side converter, the energy storage network side converter, the frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter and the frequency modulation network side converter.
Further, when the gravity and flywheel combined comprehensive physical energy storage system needs to store energy, the energy management system sends a scheduling instruction to the controller, and then the controller controls the energy storage network side converter to absorb electric energy from the power grid side; the gravity energy storage module lifts the heavy object block to a high position by a low-speed traction motor of the gravity set, and converts electric energy into gravitational potential energy for energy storage; the flywheel energy storage module drives the energy storage flywheel rotor to rotate through the energy storage flywheel motor, electric energy is converted into kinetic energy to be stored through increasing the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor, and the motor works in a motor mode at the moment.
When the comprehensive physical energy storage system needs to release energy, the energy management system sends a scheduling signal to the controller, and then the controller controls the gravity machine side converter and the energy storage flywheel machine side converter to work; the gravity energy storage hoisting machine is used for lowering a heavy object to the bottom of the well, dragging the traction motor to convert gravitational potential energy into electric energy, and transmitting the electric energy to the energy storage side direct current bus through the gravity machine side converter; the flywheel energy storage module converts kinetic energy into electric energy by changing the rotating speed of an energy storage flywheel rotor, the electric energy is transmitted to an energy storage side direct current bus through an energy storage flywheel side converter and then fed back to a power grid through an energy storage grid side converter, and at the moment, the motor works in a generator mode.
When the frequency of a power grid connected with the comprehensive physical energy storage system fluctuates, the energy management system sends a scheduling signal to the controller to control the frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter and the frequency modulation network side converter in the frequency modulation flywheel module, the frequency modulation flywheel motor is controlled in a feedback mode to drive the frequency modulation flywheel rotor to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, and then the controller controls the operation of the frequency modulation turbine side converter and the frequency modulation network side converter to achieve the frequency adjustment of the power grid.
Furthermore, the gravity energy storage module is a main path for realizing energy storage, and the storage power and energy can be adjusted by changing the height of the vertical shaft, the mass of a single weight and the number of weight blocks; the flywheel energy storage module is mainly used for compensating and balancing the fluctuation and intermittence of the power generation of the gravity energy storage module, and long-time, high-quality and stable transmission of electric energy to a power grid is achieved.
Further, the gravity energy storage module can be a double-hanger or double-cage traction driving mode and structure. The double-lifting appliance or double-cage traction structure is realized by two shafts or one shaft; when the double lifting appliances or the double cages are in a shaft, the gravity energy storage motor is connected with the double lifting appliances or the double cages in the shaft through a steel cable and a head sheave group, the double lifting appliances or the double cages carry heavy objects, and a plurality of heavy objects are stored in a roadway.
Further, the vertical shaft in the gravity energy storage module can be a waste and proper mine, and can also be specially constructed for selecting proper geology for lifting the heavy object.
The gravity energy storage hoister is of a tower crane structure, or a winch structure, or a gantry structure, can realize stable lifting of the heavy objects, and can also realize quick and regular arrangement of the heavy objects on the ground through self rotation. The automatic lifting appliance is used for bearing heavy objects and can be lifted stably.
The motor of the gravity energy storage unit is a low-speed large-torque motor, or a three-phase asynchronous motor, or a permanent magnet direct drive motor, or a semi-direct drive motor, and can work in a generator mode and a motor mode.
The weights in the gravity energy storage module are horizontally arranged on the ground, so that the time from the arrangement position of the weights to the upper space of the vertical shaft is short; the weight is placed in the shaft or in a vertical stacking mode at the bottom of the well or horizontally in a roadway at the bottom of the well.
The energy management system can send different instructions such as energy storage, energy release and frequency modulation for scheduling management, and the scheduling instructions transmit control signals to different modules through the controller to realize different functions.
Furthermore, the flywheel energy storage module connects the energy storage flywheel rotor, the energy storage flywheel motor, the bearing and other components through the flywheel main shaft, the energy management system sends out a scheduling instruction, the controller controls the energy storage flywheel machine side converter, the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor is changed to realize the storage and release of electric energy, and the absorption and release of electric energy with different powers can be realized through the change of the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor.
The energy storage flywheel motor of the flywheel energy storage unit is a permanent magnet direct drive high-speed motor and can work in a motor mode and a generator mode.
A converter on the energy storage flywheel machine side of the flywheel energy storage unit has high response speed, and is matched with a flywheel energy storage module to realize quick response and timely compensate power.
Furthermore, the rated output power of the single unit of the flywheel energy storage module is 100% of the rated output power of the single unit of the gravity energy storage module.
Furthermore, the frequency modulation flywheel module can realize the absorption and release of different powers by adjusting the rotating speed of the frequency modulation flywheel rotor, so that the frequency modulation of the power grid is carried out according to the scheduling instruction of the energy management system and the control signal of the controller.
The operation conditions of the gravity and flywheel combined comprehensive physical energy storage system comprise:
operating conditions 1: in the energy storage stage, the power grid side supplies power to the gravity energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module through an energy storage grid side converter device to realize electric energy storage; the working mode is suitable for the condition that the load demand of a power grid is low and the power generation power is greater than the power utilization power, and realizes the space-time transfer of redundant electric energy;
wherein, the energy storage side motors are all in a motor mode. Under the control of the dispatching and controller of the energy management system, the power grid side converts the electric energy into direct current through the energy storage grid side converter to the energy storage side direct current bus, and then the direct current is respectively supplied to the gravity and flywheel energy storage module through the machine side converter; the gravity energy storage module drives an automatic lifting appliance of a lifting machine to lift heavy blocks at the bottom of the well to the ground through a gravity energy storage motor to be regularly arranged, so that the conversion from electric energy to gravitational potential energy is realized; the energy storage flywheel motor of the flywheel energy storage module drives the energy storage flywheel rotor to realize the increase of the rotating speed through high-speed operation, and the conversion from electric energy to kinetic energy is realized.
The operation working condition 2: in the energy release stage, the energy storage side generates electric energy to supply power to the power grid through the converter device, so that the electric energy release is realized; the working mode is suitable for the conditions that the load demand of a power grid is high and the power generation power is less than the power utilization power, and realizes the timely supplement of the power grid electric energy.
Wherein, the energy storage side motors are all in a generator mode. Under the control of the dispatching and controller of the energy management system, the gravity energy storage module descends a heavy object on the ground to the bottom of the well through an automatic lifting appliance of a lifting machine, drags a gravity unit motor to generate electricity, and then transmits the electricity to an energy storage side direct current bus through a gravity machine side converter; the flywheel energy storage module drags an energy storage flywheel motor to generate electricity by reducing the rotating speed of an energy storage flywheel rotor, and then the electricity is transmitted to an energy storage side direct current bus through an energy storage flywheel machine side converter; and finally, the power is transmitted to a power grid through an energy storage grid side converter.
Operating condition 3: in the frequency modulation stage, the frequency modulation flywheel module realizes the change of output or input power through the change of the rotating speed of a frequency modulation flywheel rotor, so that the frequency of a connected power grid is adjusted; the working mode is suitable for the condition that the power grid frequency fluctuates, and the power grid frequency is kept stable for a long time.
The working state of the module on the energy storage side is unchanged, the energy management system sends a scheduling instruction to the controller, the controller sends a control signal to the frequency modulation flywheel module to control the frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter and the frequency modulation network side converter in the frequency modulation flywheel module, the frequency modulation flywheel motor is controlled in a feedback mode to drive the frequency modulation flywheel rotor to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, and the frequency adjustment of a power grid is achieved.
Compared with the prior energy storage technology, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the gravity energy storage module can utilize a waste mine, a karst cave and the like as a vertical shaft platform, so that the risk brought by the waste mine and the construction cost of a comprehensive system are reduced;
2. the construction scheme provided by the invention is flexible in site selection and is not influenced by regions, environments and other address conditions; the environment is protected, and the environmental pollution is small;
3. the comprehensive physical energy storage system provided by the invention has the advantages of low long-time running loss and high efficiency;
4. the scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, high stability, long service life and low storage cost of unit electric energy;
5. the scheme provided by the invention can be operated by a single unit or a plurality of units in parallel, meets the requirements of electric energy storage and power grid frequency modulation of different power and capacity grades, and has higher flexibility;
6. the scheme provided by the invention can improve the capability of a power grid for absorbing renewable energy, is convenient to realize peak clipping and valley filling of the load of the power grid, and improves the power quality and the operation safety of the power grid;
7. the gravity energy storage module with the double-lifting-appliance or double-cage structure can shorten the working time interval of the gravity unit, improve the duty ratio of the output power of the gravity unit and improve the continuity and stability of the operation of the whole system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a composition and a first embodiment of an energy storage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double lifting device or double-cage traction driving structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage module of an energy storage system according to a third embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of output power characteristics of two gravity energy storage units and two flywheel units in a matching operation according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the respective embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive physical energy storage system of the gravity and flywheel combination of the invention comprises a gravity energy storage system and a flywheel energy storage system, wherein the gravity energy storage system comprises a gravity energy storage motor 1, a hoist 2, a steel cable 3, an automatic lifting appliance 4, a heavy object 5, a vertical shaft 6 and a gravity machine side converter 7. The flywheel energy storage system comprises an energy storage flywheel rotor 8, a flywheel spindle 9, an energy storage flywheel motor 10, a bearing 11, a vacuum chamber 12, a protective shell 13 and an energy storage flywheel machine side converter 14. The comprehensive physical energy storage system also comprises a frequency modulation flywheel module, wherein the frequency modulation flywheel module comprises a frequency modulation flywheel rotor 19, a flywheel main shaft 20, a frequency modulation flywheel motor 21, a bearing 22, a vacuum chamber 23, a protective shell 24 and a frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter 25. The comprehensive physical energy storage system further comprises an energy storage side direct current bus 15, an energy storage network side converter 16, an energy management system 17, a frequency modulation side direct current bus 26, a frequency modulation network side converter 27, a controller 28 and the like.
The hoisting machine 2 of the gravity energy storage module is connected with a heavy object block 5 on an automatic hoisting tool 4 through a steel cable 3 in a cable winding disc and is connected with a gravity energy storage motor 1, and the gravity energy storage motor 1 is connected with a gravity machine side converter 7, then is connected to an energy storage side direct current bus 15 and finally is connected to a power grid 18. The hoisting machine 2 is of a tower crane structure, or a winch structure, or a gantry structure, can realize stable lifting of the heavy objects 5, can also realize quick arrangement of the heavy objects 5 on the ground through self rotation, and realizes short time from the arrangement position of the heavy objects 5 to the space above the vertical shaft 6. The automatic lifting appliance 4 is used for bearing a heavy object 5 and can be lifted stably.
The energy storage flywheel rotor 8 is connected with a bearing 11 and an energy storage flywheel motor 10 through a flywheel main shaft 9, and the energy storage flywheel motor 10 is connected with an energy storage flywheel machine side converter 14, then is connected to an energy storage side direct current bus 15, and finally is connected to a power grid 18.
The input end of the energy management system 17 is connected with the power grid 18, and the output end of the energy management system is connected with the controller 28; the controller 28 is connected to the gravity side converter 7, the flywheel side converter 14, the grid side converter 16, the flywheel side converter 25 and the grid side converter 27. The energy management system 17 can send different instructions such as energy storage, energy discharge, frequency modulation and the like for scheduling management, and the scheduling instruction transmits control signals to different modules through the controller 28 to realize different functions.
The shaft 6 in the gravity energy storage module may be a abandoned and suitable shaft, or may be constructed by specially selecting a suitable geology for the lifting of the weight 5. The gravity energy storage motor 1 is a low-speed large-torque motor, or a three-phase asynchronous motor, or a permanent magnet direct drive motor, or a semi-direct drive motor, and can work in a generator mode and a motor mode. The gravity energy storage module is the main path for realizing energy storage, and the adjustment of the stored power and energy can be realized by changing the height of the shaft 6, the mass of the single weight 5 and the number of the weights 5. The flywheel energy storage module is mainly used for compensating and balancing the fluctuation and intermittence of the power generation of the gravity energy storage module, and long-time, high-quality and stable transmission of electric energy to the power grid 18 is achieved.
When the comprehensive physical energy storage system combining the gravity and the flywheel needs to store energy, the energy management system 17 sends a scheduling signal to the controller 28, and then the controller 28 controls the energy storage grid-side converter 16 to absorb electric energy from the grid 18 side; the gravity energy storage module is used for lifting a heavy object 5 to a high position by a gravity energy storage motor 1 of the gravity unit, and converting electric energy into gravitational potential energy for energy storage.
The flywheel energy storage module drives the energy storage flywheel rotor 8 to rotate through the energy storage flywheel motor 10, electric energy is converted into kinetic energy to be stored through increasing the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor 8, and the motor works in a motor mode at the moment. The flywheel energy storage module connects the energy storage flywheel rotor 8, the energy storage flywheel motor 10, the bearing 11 and other components through the flywheel main shaft 9, the energy management system 17 sends out a scheduling instruction, the controller 28 controls the energy storage flywheel machine side converter 14, the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor 8 is changed to realize the storage and release of electric energy, and the release of electric energy with different powers can be realized through the changing size of the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor 8; the rated output power of the single unit of the flywheel energy storage module is 100% of the rated output power of the single unit of the gravity energy storage module. An energy storage flywheel motor 10 of the flywheel energy storage unit is a permanent magnet direct-drive high-speed motor and can work in a motor and generator mode; the energy storage flywheel machine side converter 14 has a fast response speed, and is matched with a flywheel energy storage module to realize fast response and timely compensate power. The frequency modulation flywheel rotor 19 is connected with a bearing 22 and a frequency modulation flywheel motor 21 through a flywheel main shaft 20, and the frequency modulation flywheel motor 21 is connected with a frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter 25 and then connected to a frequency modulation side direct current bus 26; the fm-side dc bus 26 is connected to a fm-network-side converter 27 and ultimately to the grid 18. The fm flywheel module may be configured to absorb and release different powers by adjusting the rotational speed of the fm flywheel rotor 19, thereby performing frequency modulation of the power grid 18 according to the scheduling command of the energy management system 17 and the control signal of the controller 28.
When the comprehensive energy storage system needs to release energy, the energy management system 17 sends a scheduling signal to the controller 28, and then the controller 28 controls the gravity side converter 7 and the energy storage flywheel side converter 14 to work. The hoister 2 lowers the heavy object 5 to the well bottom, drags the gravity energy storage motor 1 to convert gravitational potential energy into electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to the energy storage side direct current bus 15 through the gravity machine side converter 7.
The flywheel energy storage module converts kinetic energy into electric energy by changing the rotating speed of an energy storage flywheel rotor 8, transmits the electric energy to an energy storage side direct current bus 15 through an energy storage flywheel side converter 14, and then feeds back the electric energy to a power grid 18 through an energy storage grid side converter 16, and at the moment, the motor works in a generator mode.
When the frequency of the power grid 18 connected to the comprehensive physical energy storage system fluctuates, the energy management system 17 sends a scheduling signal to the controller 28, the frequency modulation flywheel motor 21 drives the frequency modulation flywheel rotor 19 to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, and then the controller 28 controls the operation of the frequency modulation wheel machine side converter 25 and the frequency modulation grid side converter 27 to realize the frequency adjustment of the power grid 18.
The multiple operation conditions of the comprehensive physical energy storage system comprise:
operating conditions 1: in the energy storage stage, the power grid 18 side supplies power to the gravity energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module through the energy storage grid side converter 16 device, so that electric energy storage is realized; the working mode is suitable for the condition that the load demand of the power grid 18 is low and the power generation power is greater than the power utilization power, and realizes the space-time transfer of redundant electric energy; under the control of the dispatching and controller 28 of the energy management system 17, the electric energy on the side of the power grid 18 is converted into direct current through the energy storage grid-side converter 16 and is transmitted to the energy storage side direct current bus 15, and then the direct current is respectively supplied to the gravity and the flywheel energy storage module through the machine-side converter; the gravity energy storage module drives an automatic lifting appliance 4 of a lifting machine 2 to lift a heavy object 5 at the bottom of the well to the ground through a gravity energy storage motor 1 to be regularly arranged, so that the conversion from electric energy to gravitational potential energy is realized; the energy storage flywheel motor 10 of the flywheel energy storage module drives the energy storage flywheel rotor 8 to realize the increase of the rotating speed through the high-speed operation, and the conversion from the electric energy to the kinetic energy is realized. The energy storage side motors are all in a motor mode.
Operating condition 2: in the energy release stage, the energy storage side generates electric energy to supply power to the power grid 18 through the converter device, so that electric energy release is realized; the working mode is suitable for the condition that the load demand of the power grid 18 is high and the power generation power is less than the power utilization power, and the timely supplement of the electric energy of the power grid 18 is realized. Under the control of the dispatching and controller 28 of the energy management system 17, the gravity energy storage module descends a heavy object 5 on the ground to the bottom of the well through an automatic lifting appliance 4 of a lifting machine 2, drags the gravity energy storage motor 1 to generate power, and then transmits the power to an energy storage side direct current bus 15 through a gravity machine side converter 7; the flywheel energy storage module drags an energy storage flywheel motor 10 to generate electricity by reducing the rotating speed of an energy storage flywheel rotor 8, and then the electricity is transmitted to an energy storage side direct current bus 15 through an energy storage flywheel machine side converter 14; finally, the current is transmitted to the grid 18 via the grid-side converter 16. The energy storage side motors are all in a generator mode.
Operating condition 3: in the frequency modulation stage, the frequency modulation flywheel module realizes the change of output or input power through the change of the rotating speed of the frequency modulation flywheel rotor 19, thereby adjusting the frequency of the connected power grid 18; the working mode is suitable for the condition that the frequency of the power grid 18 fluctuates, and the frequency of the power grid 18 is kept stable for a long time. The working state of the module at the energy storage side is unchanged, the energy management system 17 sends a scheduling instruction to the controller 28, the controller 28 sends a control signal to the frequency modulation flywheel module, the frequency modulation flywheel motor 21 is controlled to drive the frequency modulation flywheel rotor 19 to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, and the frequency adjustment of the power grid 18 is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, the gravity energy storage module may be a dual spreader or dual can cage traction drive mode and configuration. The single-hanger traction driving structure of the gravity energy storage module has longer working pause time, and the duty ratio of output power is in the range of 70-80%. The work intermission time of the double-lifting appliance or double-tank cage traction driving structure is short, the duty ratio of the output power is within the range of 80% -90%, the work continuity of the gravity set is improved, meanwhile, the compensation time and the compensation power of the flywheel energy storage system to the output power of the whole system are reduced, and the whole stability of the system is improved. The double-lifting appliance or double-cage traction structure can be realized by two shafts and also can be realized by one shaft. When a double hanger or double cage is in a shaft, the gravitational energy storage motor 102 is connected with two hangers or cages 103 in the shaft through the steel cable 104 and the head sheave assembly 101, the hangers or cages 103 bear heavy objects 105, and a plurality of heavy objects 105 are stored in a roadway 106. When one spreader or cage 103 is loaded and lowered, the other spreader or cage 103 is lifted in an unloaded state, and the time interval of the single gravity energy storage module caused by the unloaded lifting of the spreader or cage 103 is eliminated.
As shown in fig. 3, the working structure of the integrated physical energy storage system mainly comprises a gravity energy storage module, a flywheel energy storage module and corresponding current transforming and controlling devices, and the main structure and the operation condition thereof are similar to those of fig. 1.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the gravity energy storage module, the flywheel energy storage module, and the frequency modulation flywheel module of the integrated physical energy storage system have a schematic working structure, and the frequency modulation function of the integrated physical energy storage system is mainly realized by the frequency modulation flywheel module. In the frequency modulation process, the working states of the gravity energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module are basically kept unchanged, when the energy management system 17 monitors the power fluctuation of the power grid 18, a scheduling signal is sent to the controller 28, the controller 28 sends a control signal to the frequency modulation flywheel module according to the scheduling signal, the frequency modulation flywheel side converter 25 and the frequency modulation network side converter 27 in the frequency modulation flywheel module are controlled, the frequency modulation flywheel motor 21 is controlled in a feedback mode to drive the frequency modulation flywheel rotor 19 to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, and then the output power is output to the power grid 18 through the frequency modulation network side converter 27, so that the frequency modulation work is completed.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the gravity energy storage module may adopt a dual-hanger or dual-cage traction driving mode and structure. The double-hanger or double-cage traction structure needs a well wall 103 to separate two hoistways, the gravity energy storage motor 102 is connected with the two hangers or cages 103 in the hoistways through steel cables 104 and a head sheave assembly 101, the hangers or cages 103 bear heavy objects 105, and a plurality of heavy objects 105 are stored in a roadway 106. When one spreader or cage 103 is loaded down, the other spreader or cage 103 is then lifted empty, thereby eliminating the time lag of a single gravity energy storage module due to the empty lifting.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, the working structural diagram of the energy storage module of the integrated physical energy storage system is that the gravity energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module in the integrated physical energy storage system are all integrated modules formed by combining one or more energy storage units, and the structural diagram is only exemplified by the case that two energy storage modules both use a single unit.
For example, fig. 4 is an output power characteristic diagram of the matching operation of two gravity energy storage units and a single flywheel energy storage unit.
In the individual gravity energy storage modules, the gravity energy storage machine set is of modular design. The rated output power set by a single gravity energy storage unit is 1MW, the output power of the unit is in trapezoidal distribution along with the change of time, namely, the unit is accelerated to the highest speed from zero within 1 minute or is decelerated to zero from the highest speed, the highest speed is kept descending continuously for six minutes, and the unit is lifted to the ground in a two-minute no-load way and is used for hanging a new weight to repeat the process. The rated output power set by the single flywheel energy storage unit is also 1MW, and is the rated output power of the single unit of the gravity energy storage module.
In the invention, the flywheel energy storage unit compensates the output power of the gravity energy storage unit, namely when the output power of the gravity energy storage unit does not reach the rated power, the power output of the flywheel energy storage unit enables the whole system to always keep the power supply power of the power grid side at the rated power of 1MW, and stable power output is realized. The energy storage capacity of the gravity energy storage module is 4MWh, namely the comprehensive physical energy storage system can continuously operate for 4 hours under rated output power.
As can be seen from the output power characteristic diagram shown in fig. 3, the power output by the individual gravity energy storage module to the power grid has periodic intermittent fluctuation, and with the system of the present invention, the power output by the individual gravity energy storage module to the power grid is always kept at the rated power under the condition that the energy storage capacity is the same as that of the individual gravity energy storage module. Therefore, the gravity combined flywheel comprehensive physical energy storage system can ensure the service life of the device and realize the long-time and high-power stable output of the power grid.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a gravity combines comprehensive physics energy storage system of flywheel which characterized in that: the energy storage system comprises a gravity energy storage system and a flywheel energy storage system; the gravity energy storage system comprises a gravity energy storage motor (1), a hoisting machine (2), a steel cable (3), an automatic lifting appliance (4), a heavy object (5), a vertical shaft (6) and a gravity machine side converter (7); the flywheel energy storage system comprises an energy storage flywheel rotor (8), a flywheel spindle (9), an energy storage flywheel motor (10), a bearing (11), a vacuum chamber (12), a protective shell (13) and an energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14); the comprehensive physical energy storage system also comprises a frequency modulation flywheel module which comprises a frequency modulation flywheel rotor (19), a flywheel spindle (20), a frequency modulation flywheel motor (21), a bearing (22), a vacuum chamber (23), a protective shell (24) and a frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter (25); the comprehensive physical energy storage system further comprises an energy storage side direct current bus (15), an energy storage network side converter (16), an energy management system (17), a frequency modulation side direct current bus (26), a frequency modulation network side converter (27) and a controller (28); the hoisting machine (2) of the gravity energy storage module is connected with a weight (5) on an automatic hoisting tool (4) through a steel cable (3) in a cable drum and is connected with a gravity energy storage motor (1), and the gravity energy storage motor (1) is connected with a gravity machine side converter (7), then is connected to an energy storage side direct current bus (15) and finally is connected to a power grid (18); the energy storage flywheel rotor (8) is connected with the bearing (11) and the energy storage flywheel motor (10) through the flywheel main shaft (9), and the energy storage flywheel motor (10) is connected with the energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14), then is connected to the energy storage side direct current bus (15) and finally is connected to the power grid (18); the frequency modulation flywheel rotor (19) is connected with the bearing (22) and the frequency modulation flywheel motor (21) through a flywheel main shaft (20), and the frequency modulation flywheel motor (21) is connected with a frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter (25) and then connected to a frequency modulation side direct current bus (26); the frequency modulation side direct current bus (26) is connected with a frequency modulation network side converter (27) and is finally connected to a power grid (18); the input end of the energy management system (17) is connected with the power grid (18), and the output end of the energy management system is connected with the controller (28); the controller (28) is connected with the gravity machine side converter (7), the energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14), the energy storage network side converter (16), the frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter (25) and the frequency modulation network side converter (27).
2. The integrated gravity and flywheel physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein:
when the comprehensive physical energy storage system needs to store energy, the energy management system (17) sends a scheduling signal to the controller (28), and then the controller (28) controls the energy storage grid-side converter (16) to absorb electric energy from the power grid (18); the gravity energy storage module lifts a heavy object (5) to a high position by a gravity energy storage motor (1), and converts electric energy into gravitational potential energy for energy storage; the flywheel energy storage module drives an energy storage flywheel rotor (8) to rotate through an energy storage flywheel motor (10), electric energy is converted into kinetic energy for energy storage through increasing the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor (8), and the gravity energy storage motor (1) works in a motor mode at the moment;
when the comprehensive physical energy storage system needs to release energy, the energy management system (17) sends a scheduling signal to the controller (28), and then the controller (28) controls the gravity machine side converter (7) and the energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14) to work; the hoisting machine (2) lowers a heavy object (5) to the bottom of the well, drags the gravity energy storage motor (1) to convert gravitational potential energy into electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to the energy storage side direct current bus (15) through the gravity machine side converter (7); the flywheel energy storage module converts kinetic energy into electric energy by changing the rotating speed of an energy storage flywheel rotor (8), transmits the electric energy to an energy storage side direct current bus (15) through an energy storage flywheel side converter (14), and then feeds back the electric energy to a power grid (18) through an energy storage grid side converter (16), and at the moment, the gravity energy storage motor (1) works in a generator mode;
when the frequency of a power grid (18) connected with the comprehensive physical energy storage system fluctuates, the energy management system (17) sends a scheduling signal to the controller (28) to control the frequency modulation flywheel side converter (25) and the frequency modulation network side converter (27) in the frequency modulation flywheel module, the frequency modulation flywheel motor (21) is controlled in a feedback mode to drive the frequency modulation flywheel rotor (19) to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, then the controller (28) controls the operation of the frequency modulation turbine side converter (25) and the frequency modulation network side converter (27), and the frequency adjustment of the power grid (18) is achieved.
3. The integrated gravity and flywheel physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the gravity energy storage module is a main path for realizing energy storage, and the storage power and energy are adjusted by changing the height of the vertical shaft (6), the mass of a single weight (5) and the number of weights (5); the flywheel energy storage module is used for compensating and balancing the fluctuation and intermittence of the power generation of the gravity energy storage module, and long-time, high-quality and stable transmission of electric energy to a power grid (18) is realized.
4. The integrated physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the gravity energy storage module is in a single-sling or single-cage structure or a double-sling or double-cage traction driving mode and structure; the double-lifting appliance or double-cage traction structure is realized by two shafts or one shaft; when the double lifting appliances or the double cages are in a well, the gravity energy storage motor is connected with the double lifting appliances or the double cages in the well through a steel cable and a head sheave group, the double lifting appliances or the double cages carry heavy objects, the heavy objects are stored in a roadway, and the structure of a single lifting appliance or a single cage is similar to that of the single lifting appliance or the single cage.
5. The integrated physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the vertical shaft (6) in the gravity energy storage module is built by selecting proper geology specially for lifting and descending the heavy object (5) or a waste and proper mine;
the hoister (2) is of a tower crane structure, or a winch structure, or a gantry structure, so as to realize stable lifting of the heavy objects (5), or realize rapid arrangement of the heavy objects (5) on the ground through self rotation; the automatic lifting appliance (4) is used for bearing a heavy object (5) and realizing stable lifting;
the gravity energy storage motor (1) is a low-speed large-torque motor, or a three-phase asynchronous motor, or a permanent magnet direct drive motor, or a semi-direct drive motor, and works in two modes of a generator and a motor;
the weights (5) in the gravity energy storage module are horizontally arranged on the ground, so that the time from the arrangement position of the weights (5) to the space above the vertical shaft (6) is short; the weight (5) is placed in a shaft (6) either vertically stacked at the bottom of the well or horizontally in a shaft laneway.
6. The integrated gravity and flywheel physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the energy management system (17) sends different instructions of energy storage, energy discharge and frequency modulation for scheduling management, and the scheduling instructions transmit control signals to different modules through the controller (28) to realize different functions.
7. The integrated physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the flywheel energy storage module connects an energy storage flywheel rotor (8), an energy storage flywheel motor (10) and a bearing (11) through the flywheel main shaft (9), the energy management system (17) sends out a scheduling instruction, the controller (28) controls the energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14), the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor (8) is changed to realize the storage and release of electric energy, and the release of electric energy with different powers can be realized through the change of the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel rotor (8);
the energy storage flywheel motor (10) is a permanent magnet direct-drive high-speed motor and works in two modes of a motor and a generator;
the energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14) has a high response speed, and is matched with the flywheel energy storage module to achieve quick response and timely compensate power.
8. The integrated gravity and flywheel physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the rated output power of the single unit design of the flywheel energy storage module is 100% of the rated output power of the single unit design of the gravity energy storage module.
9. The integrated physical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the frequency modulation flywheel module realizes absorption and release of different powers by adjusting the rotating speed of a frequency modulation flywheel rotor (19), so that the frequency modulation of the power grid (18) is carried out according to a scheduling instruction of the energy management system (17) and a control signal of the controller (28).
10. An energy storage method of an integrated physical energy storage system of a gravity and flywheel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following operating conditions:
the operation working condition 1: in the energy storage stage, the power grid (18) side supplies power to the gravity energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module through an energy storage grid side converter (16) to realize electric energy storage; the operation condition is suitable for the condition that the load demand of a power grid (18) is low and the power generation power is greater than the power consumption power, so that the time-space transfer of redundant electric energy is realized;
and the gravity energy storage motor and the flywheel energy storage motor are both in a motor mode. Under the control of a dispatching and controller (28) of an energy management system (17), electric energy is converted into direct current on the side of a power grid (18) through an energy storage grid side converter (16) and is transmitted to an energy storage side direct current bus (15), and then the direct current is respectively supplied to a gravity and a flywheel energy storage module through a machine side converter; the gravity energy storage module drives an automatic lifting appliance (4) of a lifting machine (2) to lift a heavy object (5) at the bottom of a well to the ground through a gravity energy storage motor (1) to be regularly arranged, so that the conversion from electric energy to gravitational potential energy is realized; an energy storage flywheel motor (10) of the flywheel energy storage module drives an energy storage flywheel rotor (8) to realize the increase of the rotating speed through high-speed operation, and the conversion from electric energy to kinetic energy is realized;
the operation working condition 2: in the energy releasing stage, electric energy generated by the energy storage side supplies power to a power grid (18) through a converter device, so that electric energy release is realized; the operation condition is suitable for the condition that the load demand of the power grid (18) is high and the power generation power is less than the power consumption power, so that the timely supplement of the electric energy of the power grid (18) is realized;
and the gravity energy storage motor and the flywheel energy storage motor are both in a generator mode. Under the control of a dispatching and controller (28) of an energy management system (17), a gravity energy storage module descends a heavy object (5) on the ground to the bottom of a well through an automatic lifting appliance (4) of a lifting machine (2), drags a gravity energy storage motor (1) to generate electricity, and then transmits the electricity to an energy storage side direct current bus (15) through a gravity machine side converter (7); the flywheel energy storage module drags an energy storage flywheel motor (10) to generate electricity by reducing the rotating speed of an energy storage flywheel rotor (8), and then the electricity is transmitted to an energy storage side direct current bus (15) through an energy storage flywheel machine side converter (14); finally, the power is transmitted to a power grid (18) through an energy storage grid-side converter (16);
operating condition 3: in the frequency modulation stage, the frequency modulation flywheel module realizes the change of output or input power through the change of the rotating speed of a frequency modulation flywheel rotor (19), thereby adjusting the frequency of a connected power grid (18); the operation condition is suitable for the condition that the frequency of the power grid (18) fluctuates, and the long-term stability of the frequency of the power grid (18) is realized;
the gravity energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module are unchanged in working state, the energy management system (17) sends a scheduling instruction to the controller (28), the controller (28) sends a control signal to the frequency modulation flywheel module to control the frequency modulation flywheel machine side converter (25) and the frequency modulation network side converter (27) in the frequency modulation flywheel module, the frequency modulation flywheel motor (21) is controlled in a feedback mode to drive the frequency modulation flywheel rotor (19) to change the rotating speed, the output power of the frequency modulation flywheel system is adjusted through the change of the rotating speed, and the frequency adjustment of the power grid (18) is achieved.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115425766A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2022-12-02 | 华中科技大学 | Energy storage device and power generation system |
| CN117097068A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Gravity energy storage system based on mechanical coupling flywheel |
| CN117318127A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Coordination control system, method and equipment for composite energy storage |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115425766A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2022-12-02 | 华中科技大学 | Energy storage device and power generation system |
| CN115425766B (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-02-28 | 华中科技大学 | Energy storage device and power generation system |
| CN117097068A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Gravity energy storage system based on mechanical coupling flywheel |
| CN117097068B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-12-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Gravity energy storage system based on mechanical coupling flywheel |
| CN117318127A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Coordination control system, method and equipment for composite energy storage |
| CN117318127B (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-02-23 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Coordination control system, method and equipment for composite energy storage |
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