CN114781416B - Unknown label number estimation method and device based on unreliable channel in RFID system - Google Patents
Unknown label number estimation method and device based on unreliable channel in RFID system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10118—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the sensing being preceded by at least one preliminary step
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- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unknown label quantity estimation method and device based on unreliable channels in an RFID system, wherein a reader selects a random number and a frame length to construct a predicted frame, a label ID performs hash operation to obtain a response time slot of a corresponding label in the predicted frame, and then the label transmits 10-bit response in the response frame to distinguish an empty slot from a non-empty slot; after receiving the response frame, the reader judges whether the tag is an unknown tag according to the type of the detection time slot, so as to estimate the number of the unknown tags; meanwhile, considering the unreliability of a channel, errors can be generated when a reader decodes, and one empty slot can be wrongly decoded into a non-empty slot with a certain probability; the number of unknown labels is estimated based on unreliable channels, and K rounds of the whole estimation process are required to be executed in order to ensure that the result can reach preset precision. Compared with the prior art, the method is based on unreliable channels, and the obtained result is more suitable for practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Internet of things, and particularly relates to an unknown label number estimation method and device based on unreliable channels in an RFID system.
Background
The RFID technology is a key technology for the development of the Internet of things, the RFID technology automatically identifies a target object through radio frequency signals, a recognition system is not required to be contacted with the target, and the application range is wide. Compared with the prior automatic identification technology, the RFID technology is more efficient and quick. RFID technology has applications in many areas, such as food tracing, logistics storage, access control, etc. In practical scene application, an electronic tag with unique codes is attached to a physical object to be monitored, related information of an article can be stored in the electronic tag, and a reader can acquire corresponding information by scanning the tag. Considering that in large-scale warehouses, goods often need to be stored or taken out, due to frequent movement of the goods, a phenomenon of placing the goods in error may occur, and for readers, electronic tags attached to the goods are unknown, and the unknown tags affect the management of the goods. The number estimation is made on the unknown tags in the RFID system, so that the management and monitoring are facilitated. However, there are many interference sources in the warehouse, which affects the accuracy of the number estimation result, so it is necessary to study the unknown tag number estimation method under unreliable channels.
The number of unknown labels in the past is often identified through manual detection, and the efficiency is relatively low. Whereas the RFID-based estimation of the number of unknown tags can be made more efficient on the basis of ALOHA protocols. There is a ZDE(Qingjun Xiao;Bin Xiao;Shigang Chen,"Differential estimation in dynamic RFID systems",2013Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM,pp.295-299,2013) protocol for the current method of unknown tag number estimation. But the protocol does not take into account the problem of channel unreliability and ZDE is a simultaneous number estimation of lost and unknown tags in a dynamic RFID system. In practical applications, the channel is often unreliable due to many factors affecting the channel transmission, so that the final result will have some errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in view of the above problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for estimating the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels in an RFID system, where the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels in the RFID system can be estimated to meet a required accuracy.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides an unknown label number estimation method based on unreliable channels in an RFID system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) The number of known tags in the RFID system is a, the number of unknown tags is b, and the estimated value of the number of unknown tags is The reader selects a random number r and a frame length f to construct a virtual frame, maps a tag id and the random number r into a value range [0, f-1] through a hash function, and obtains an index of w=H (t id,r),tid is the id of the tag, and H (·) is the hash function;
(2) The reader sets an indication vector F of a virtual frame, and initializes all components of the vector in the indication vector F of the virtual frame to 0';
(3) Fw is the value of the w index in F, and when the time slot with the index w in the virtual frame is a non-empty slot, that is, one or more tags respond in the slot, the value of Fw is set to be '1'; when the time slot with index w in the virtual frame is an empty slot, i.e. no tag responds in the slot, the value of Fw is set to '0';
(4) The reader broadcasts a random number R and a frame length f, and simultaneously sets a response frame as R;
(5) After receiving the response frame R, the reader sets an indication vector G of one response frame, and initializes all components of the vector in the indication vector G of the response frame to 0';
(6) The reader sequentially scans a time slot R [ w ] with an index w in a response frame R, and when the time slot with the index w in the response frame R is detected to be a non-empty slot, the R [ w ] is set as '1'; when it is detected that the time slot indexed by w in the response frame R is an empty slot, setting G [ w ] to '0';
(7) The reader records the number of the non-empty slots detected after the response frame is actually received and expects to be the empty slots, and is used for the estimator design of the unknown label;
(8) Repeating the steps (1) to (7) until the required number of rounds K is reached to reach the preset estimation precision.
Further, in the step (4), a 10-bit response is transmitted in the time slot with an index w in the response frame R.
Further, the estimator (ε, δ) of step (7) calculates an estimate of the number of unknown tagsAnd satisfies the condition:
wherein epsilon and delta are protocol parameters, and the parameters are set to epsilon=0.1 and delta=0.1; when executing the ith round, make the collection Fi[w]＝0∩Gi[w]＝1}，/>For the number of elements in the collection,/>The average value of the multiple rounds is N 01; when F i[w]＝0,Gi [ w ] =1, the reader has two cases of E 1 and E 2 based on unreliable channel transmission, and the probability of the reader misdecoding the time slot state is q; wherein E 1 refers to the expected empty slot response with index w that has been selected by an unknown tag and that has not been selected by a known tag, and the reader does not decode by mistake; e 2 refers to the index w null slot without any tag response being misdecoded as a non-null slot due to channel unreliability:
Pr[Fi[w]＝0∩Gi[w]＝1]＝Pr[E1]+Pr[E2]
Wherein Pr [ E 1 ] is the probability of E 1, pr [ E 2 ] is the probability of E 2, For the mathematical expectation when F i[w]＝0,Gi [ w ] =1, replace/>, with N 01 Finally, the estimated value/>Is a formula of (2); obtaining an unknown label quantity estimated value/>, based on unreliable channels, according to the following steps
Further, the required number of execution rounds K of step (7) should satisfy:
Wherein c 01 is as follows Var [ N 01 ] is the variance of N 01.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides an unknown label number estimation device based on an unreliable channel in an RFID system, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program is loaded to the processor to realize the unknown label number estimation method based on the unreliable channel in the RFID system.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, a certain probability of errors exists in the decoding slot position state of the reader during unreliable channel transmission, so that a communication protocol which is more in line with an actual application scene is obtained, and an unknown label number estimated value can be obtained more accurately and approximately; the invention enables the number of unknown tags to be estimated based on unreliable channels in an RFID system to meet the required accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of estimating the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels in an RFID system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of estimation accuracy varying the number of known tags;
fig. 4 is an estimation accuracy map of changing the number of unknown tags.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an unknown label number estimation method based on unreliable channels in an RFID system. After receiving the response frame, the reader judges whether the tags are unknown tags according to the type of the detection time slot, so as to estimate the number of the unknown tags. Meanwhile, considering the unreliability of the channel, errors can be generated when the reader decodes, and one empty slot can be wrongly decoded into a non-empty slot with a certain probability. The number of unknown labels is estimated based on unreliable channels, and in order to ensure that the result can reach preset precision, the whole estimation process needs to be executed for a plurality of rounds, and the specific number of rounds is given through calculation.
Consider an RFID system with 5000 tags (a=5000), 500 unknown tags (b=500) in the system due to the frequent movement of goods resulting in erroneous zoning. The probability of incorrect decoding due to channel is 0.1 when the reader scans the tag. Setting the parameters as epsilon=0.1 and delta=0.1, namely, the detection precision is required to be more than or equal to 0.9.
The number of unknown labels based on unreliable channels in the system is estimated, and the running results are averaged, and the method for estimating the number of unknown labels based on unreliable channels in the embodiment of the invention has the specific steps shown in fig. 1, and comprises the steps of S1 to S7:
In step S1, the reader first selects a random number r i and a frame length f to construct a virtual frame, maps the tag id and the random number r i to the value range [0, f-1] through a hash function, and obtains an index w=H (t id,ri),tid is the id of the tag, and H (·) is the hash function).
In step S2, the reader sets an indication vector F i, and initializes all components of the vector in F i to '0'.
Step S3, F i [ w ] is the value of the w index in F, when the time slot with the index of w in the virtual frame is a non-empty slot, namely, one or more labels are responded in the slot, the value of F i [ w ] is set to be '1', when the time slot with the index of w in the virtual frame is an empty slot, namely, no labels are responded in the slot, and the value of F i [ w ] is set to be '0'. The method can obtain the following steps:
F i = {1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1}; wherein the method comprises the steps of Indicating that the slot does not respond with a tag.
In step S4, the reader broadcasts the random number R i and the frame length f, and sets the response frame as R i, and transmits a 10-bit response in a time slot with index w in the response frame R i.
In step S5, after receiving the response frame R i, the reader sets an indication vector G i of a response frame, and initializes all components of the vector in the indication vector G i of the response frame to '0'.
Step S6, the reader scans the time slot R i [ w ] with the index w in the response frame R i in sequence, and when the fact that the time slot with the index w in the response frame R is a non-empty slot is detected, the R [ w ] is set as '1'; when it is detected that the time slot indexed w in the response frame R is a null slot, G [ w ] is set to '0'. Response frames are available: The indication vector G i = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1}.
Step S7, the reader records the number of the non-empty slots detected after the expected empty slots and the response is actually received, and the number is used for the design of the estimator of the unknown label; steps S1 to 7 are repeatedly performed until the number of required rounds K is reached to reach a preset estimation accuracy.
The estimator of the unknown tag number b is (epsilon, delta) and requires calculationThe conditions are satisfied:
Aggregation of reams For the number of elements in the collection,/>The average of the multiple rounds was N 01.
When F i[w]＝0,Gi [ w ] =1, the reader is based on unreliable channel transmission, meaning the following two cases:
E 1 that there is an unknown tag that selects the expected empty slot response with index w that is not selected by the known tag and that the reader does not misdecode.
E 2 null slots with index w without any tag response are misdecoded as non-null slots due to channel unreliability.
Pr[Fi[w]＝0∩Gi[w]＝1]＝Pr[E1]+Pr[E2]
Substitution with N 01 The number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels can ultimately be estimated/>, according to the following equation
In order to achieve a certain estimation accuracy, the number of required execution rounds K should satisfy:
Wherein c 01 is as follows Var [ N 01 ] is the variance of N 01.
From a=f=5000, b=500, the number of execution rounds K is equal to or greater than 184, and the average of 184 calculation results is obtainedSatisfy/>I.e. the experimental results can meet the required accuracy.
Then, the number of the known labels and the number of the unknown labels are respectively changed, the other conditions are unchanged, the figures 3 and 4 can be obtained after the program is operated, and the figures 3 and 4 show that the method provided by the application can always keep relatively good estimation precision and can meet the actual application requirements.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides an unknown label number estimation device based on an unreliable channel in an RFID system, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program is loaded to the processor to realize the unknown label number estimation method based on the unreliable channel in the RFID system.
Claims (4)
1. An unknown tag number estimation method based on unreliable channels in an RFID system, comprising the steps of:
(1) The number of known tags in the RFID system is a, the number of unknown tags is b, and the estimated value of the number of unknown tags is The reader selects a random number r and a frame length f to construct a virtual frame, maps a tag id and the random number r into a value range [0, f-1] through a hash function, and obtains an index of w=H (t id,r),tid is the id of the tag, and H (·) is the hash function;
(2) The reader sets an indication vector F of a virtual frame, and initializes all components of the vector in the indication vector F of the virtual frame to 0';
(3) Fw is the value of the w index in F, and when the time slot with the index w in the virtual frame is a non-empty slot, that is, one or more tags respond in the slot, the value of Fw is set to be '1'; when the time slot with index w in the virtual frame is an empty slot, i.e. no tag responds in the slot, the value of Fw is set to '0';
(4) The reader broadcasts a random number R and a frame length f, and simultaneously sets a response frame as R;
(5) After receiving the response frame R, the reader sets an indication vector G of one response frame, and initializes all components of the vector in the indication vector G of the response frame to 0';
(6) The reader sequentially scans a time slot R [ w ] with an index w in a response frame R, and when the time slot with the index w in the response frame R is detected to be a non-empty slot, the R [ w ] is set as '1'; when it is detected that the time slot indexed by w in the response frame R is an empty slot, setting G [ w ] to '0';
(7) The reader records the number of the non-empty slots detected after the response frame is actually received and expects to be the empty slots, and is used for the estimator design of the unknown label;
(8) Repeatedly executing the steps (1) to (7) until the required number of rounds K is reached to reach the preset estimation precision;
the estimator (epsilon, delta) in the step (7) needs to calculate the estimated value of the number of unknown labels And satisfies the condition:
wherein epsilon and delta are protocol parameters, and the parameters are set to epsilon=0.1 and delta=0.1; when executing the ith round, make the collection For the number of elements in the collection,/>The average value of the multiple rounds is N 01; when F i[w]＝0,Gi [ w ] =1, the reader has two cases of E 1 and E 2 based on unreliable channel transmission, and the probability of the reader misdecoding the time slot state is q; wherein E 1 refers to the expected empty slot response with index w that has been selected by an unknown tag and that has not been selected by a known tag, and the reader does not decode by mistake; e 2 refers to the index w null slot without any tag response being misdecoded as a non-null slot due to channel unreliability:
Pr[Fi[w]＝0∩Gi[w]＝1]＝Pr[E1]+Pr[E2]
Wherein Pr [ E 1 ] is the probability of E 1, pr [ E 2 ] is the probability of E 2, For the mathematical expectation when F i[w]＝0,Gi [ w ] =1, replace/>, with N 01 Finally, the estimated value/>Is a formula of (2); obtaining an unknown label quantity estimated value/>, based on unreliable channels, according to the following steps
2. The method of estimating the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels according to claim 1, wherein step (4) transmits a 10-bit response in the time slot with index w in the response frame R.
3. The method for estimating the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels according to claim 1, wherein the number of rounds K in step (8) is as follows:
Wherein c 01 is as follows Var [ N 01 ] is the variance of N 01.
4. An apparatus for estimating the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels in an RFID system, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the computer program when loaded into the processor implements the method for estimating the number of unknown tags based on unreliable channels in an RFID system according to any of claims 1-3.
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| CN110852129A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-28 | 湖南大学 | Dynamic label estimation method |
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