CN114772578A - Method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon - Google Patents
Method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vinasse treatment, and particularly relates to a method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon and the capacitance carbon. The method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing the vinasse in water to obtain vinasse dispersion liquid; (2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the vinasse dispersion liquid to obtain a hydrothermal reaction liquid; (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the hydrothermal reaction liquid, and respectively collecting liquid and solid, wherein the liquid contains carbon quantum dots; (4) modifying the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (3) by using KOH; (5) and (4) calcining the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (4), soaking in acid liquor, washing with water and drying to obtain the capacitance carbon. The method can recycle the vinasse to prepare and obtain novel carbon materials such as carbon quantum dots, capacitance carbon and the like, not only solves the problem of environmental pollution, but also provides a new way for preparing the novel carbon materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vinasse treatment, and particularly relates to a method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon and the capacitance carbon.
Background
The carbon dots, as a novel nano carbon material with the particle size less than 10nm, have excellent optical characteristics, stable electrical and chemical properties, environmental friendliness and low toxicity. The method is widely applied to the fields of photoelectric devices, biological imaging and catalytic sensing at present, has wide application prospect and is deeply favored by domestic and foreign scientists.
The capacitive carbon has the advantages of wide source, reproducibility, high specific surface area, low cost, high conductivity and the like, and is the most mainstream electrode material of the super capacitor.
Vinasse is a byproduct generated in the brewing process of biomass such as rice, wheat, sorghum and the like. Contains a large amount of organic pollutants, has high acidity and is easy to decay and deteriorate. If not treated effectively in time, it will cause serious pollution to the environment. However, since the vinasse contains abundant substances such as cellulose, lignin, protein and the like, if the vinasse can be effectively developed and utilized, the pollution of the waste vinasse to the environment can be reduced, the resource waste can be avoided, and remarkable economic benefits can be created.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon and the capacitance carbon, so as to solve or relieve the problems of environmental pollution and/or resource waste caused by vinasse waste in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for converting distillers' grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon, comprising the steps of: (1) dispersing the vinasse in water to obtain vinasse dispersion liquid; (2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the vinasse dispersion liquid to obtain a hydrothermal reaction liquid; (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the hydrothermal reaction liquid, and respectively collecting liquid and solid, wherein the liquid contains the carbon quantum dots; (4) modifying the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (3) by using KOH; (5) and (5) calcining the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (4), soaking in acid liquor, washing with water and drying to obtain the capacitance carbon.
Preferably, the vinasse dispersion liquid is prepared by soaking vinasse in water, drying and crushing the vinasse, and then dispersing the vinasse in water.
Preferably, the water immersion comprises the steps of: adding the vinasse into deionized water, and stirring and dispersing to obtain a vinasse water immersion liquid; the drying comprises the following steps: placing the distillers 'grains water immersion liquid in a vacuum oven, heating and drying to obtain distillers' grains powder; the pulverization comprises the following steps: putting the vinasse powder into a crusher for crushing and sieving to obtain millimeter-grade vinasse powder; and adding the millimeter-grade vinasse powder into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain the vinasse dispersion liquid.
Preferably, when the water is soaked, the stirring and dispersing time is 24-36 h; the drying temperature is 110-120 ℃; in the process of preparing the millimeter-scale vinasse powder, the aperture of a screen mesh adopted for sieving is 100-150 meshes.
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out under microwave conditions.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 180-220 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction comprises the steps of: and (2) putting the vinasse dispersion liquid obtained by the treatment in the step (1) into a microwave reaction tube, uniformly mixing by ultrasonic waves, and then putting the mixture into a microwave synthesizer for hydrothermal reaction.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of freeze-drying, grinding and dissolving the liquid obtained in the step (3) in a solvent.
Preferably, the temperature of the freeze drying is-75 to-85 ℃, and the freeze drying time is 20 to 25 hours.
Preferably, the solid-liquid separation in the step (3) is centrifugal treatment, the rotating speed of the centrifugal treatment is 7500-8500 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5-15 min.
Preferably, the step (4) includes: A. adding the solid product obtained in the step (3) into a KOH solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and soaking; B. and B, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solution obtained by the treatment in the step A, and washing, centrifuging, filtering and vacuum-drying the solid obtained by the separation.
Preferably, in the step A, the concentration of the KOH solution is 550-650 g/L, and the soaking time is 22-26 h.
Preferably, the calcination in the step (4) is performed in an argon atmosphere, the calcination temperature is 650-750 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-3 h.
Preferably, the acid liquor soaking in the step (5) is specifically: and soaking the calcined product by adopting hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10%, and the soaking time is 20-25 h.
The invention also provides capacitance carbon, which adopts the following technical scheme: the capacitance carbon is prepared by the method.
Has the advantages that:
by adopting the method, the vinasse can be recycled and used as a carbon source to prepare and obtain novel carbon materials such as carbon quantum dots, capacitance carbon and the like, so that the problem of environmental pollution is solved, a new way is provided for the preparation of the novel carbon materials, and resource utilization is realized.
The method takes the vinasse as a substrate, prepares two novel carbon materials by a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, has the advantages of quick, simple and convenient preparation process, easily obtained raw materials, low cost, environmental protection, effective utilization of the biomass characteristics of the waste vinasse, reduction of resource waste, and advanced recycling of the vinasse and quick preparation of the carbon materials.
The carbon quantum dots (blue light) prepared by the method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon have excellent fluorescence characteristics and good water solubility, and can be used in the fields of biological imaging, photoelectric devices, luminescent devices and the like. The prepared capacitance carbon has a porous structure and good capacitance performance, and can be used in the fields of super capacitors and the like.
The heteroatoms such as N, O, S contained in the vinasse inevitably remain in the carbon material in the biomass cracking process, and the capacitance carbon prepared by the method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon can form self-doping atoms to provide pseudo capacitance or enhance the conductivity of the carbon material.
The capacitance carbon prepared by the method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon has stable cycle characteristics; under the current density of 1A/g, the capacitance of the capacitance carbon can reach 98.2F/g.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fluorescence spectrum of a carbon quantum dot provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a UV-VIS absorption spectrum of a carbon quantum dot provided in inventive example 1;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of a carbon quantum dot provided in inventive example 1;
FIG. 4 is a picture of a carbon quantum dot solution provided in example 1 of the present invention under irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp;
FIG. 5 is a SEM photograph of the capacitive carbon provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a constant current charging and discharging curve of the capacitance carbon provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a cyclic voltammogram of the capacitive carbon provided in inventive example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention provides a method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon, aiming at the problems of environmental pollution and/or resource waste caused by the existing waste vinasse, so as to realize the recycling of the vinasse and avoid or improve the problems caused by the vinasse.
The method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing the vinasse in water to obtain vinasse dispersion liquid; (2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the vinasse dispersion liquid to obtain a hydrothermal reaction liquid; (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the hydrothermal reaction liquid, and respectively collecting liquid and solid, wherein the liquid contains carbon quantum dots; (4) modifying the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (3) by using KOH; (5) and (5) calcining the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (4), soaking in acid liquor, washing with water and drying to obtain the capacitance carbon.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lees dispersion is obtained by immersing, drying and pulverizing lees in water and then dispersing them in water.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water immersion comprises the following steps: adding distiller's grains into deionized water, stirring and dispersing to obtain distiller's grains water extract. Water-soluble impurities in the vinasse can be removed by carrying out water leaching treatment on the vinasse.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying comprises the steps of: placing the water extract of distiller's grains in a vacuum oven, heating, and drying to obtain distiller's grains powder; drying can remove water content in the soaked distiller's grains.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulverization comprises the steps of: and (3) placing the vinasse powder into a crusher for crushing and sieving to obtain millimeter-grade vinasse powder (fully refining vinasse particles).
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the millimeter-sized distillers ' grains powder is added into deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out (so that the millimeter-sized distillers ' grains powder is fully dispersed in the deionized water), thus obtaining the distillers ' grains dispersion liquid.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the water is soaked, the stirring and dispersing time is 24-36 h (for example, 24h, 30h or 36h), the drying temperature is 110-120 ℃ (for example, 110 ℃, 115 ℃ or 120 ℃), and when the millimeter-grade vinasse powder is prepared, the aperture of a screen used for sieving is 100-150 meshes (for example, 100 meshes, 110 meshes, 120 meshes, 130 meshes, 140 meshes or 150 meshes).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out under microwave conditions.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180 to 220 ℃ (e.g., 180 ℃, 190 ℃, 200 ℃, 210 ℃ or 220 ℃), and the reaction time is 10 to 30min (e.g., 10min, 20min or 30 min).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction comprises the following steps: and (2) filling the vinasse dispersion liquid obtained by the treatment in the step (1) into a microwave reaction tube, uniformly mixing by ultrasonic waves, and then placing into a microwave synthesizer for hydrothermal reaction. Namely, the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is adopted to cause the vinasse to generate hydrothermal reaction, the hydrothermal reaction can be ensured to be carried out under a high-pressure environment, and the characteristics of the microwave method and the hydrothermal method are combined, so that the hydrothermal reaction is simpler, more convenient, milder and faster. And the prepared carbon quantum dots have better dispersibility and higher quantum yield.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of freeze-drying, grinding and dissolving the liquid obtained in step (3) in a solvent (e.g., deionized water).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of freeze drying is-75 to-85 ℃ (for example, -75 ℃, -80 ℃ or-85 ℃), and the freeze drying time is 20 to 25 hours (for example, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours or 25 hours).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid-liquid separation in step (3) is a centrifugation, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 7500 to 8500r/min (e.g., 7500r/min, 8000r/min, or 8500r/min), and the centrifugation time is 5 to 15min (e.g., 5min, 10min, or 15 min).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step (4) comprises: A. adding the solid product obtained in the step (3) into a KOH solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and soaking; B. and D, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solution obtained by the step A, and washing, centrifuging, filtering and vacuum-drying the solid obtained by separation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step A, the concentration of the KOH solution is 550 to 650g/L (e.g., 550g/L, 580g/L, 600g/L, 620g/L, or 650g/L), and the soaking time is 22 to 26h (e.g., 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, or 26 h). If the KOH concentration is too high, the internal structure of the prepared carbon material is damaged, and micropores and mesopores are converted into macropores, so that the capacitance performance is not facilitated; if the KOH concentration is too low, the activation degree is not complete, the prepared carbon material has an underdeveloped pore structure, and the capacitance performance is not favorable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calcination in step (4) is performed under an argon atmosphere (the solid obtained by the treatment in step B is placed in a crucible), the calcination temperature is 650 to 750 ℃ (for example, 650 ℃, 680 ℃, 700 ℃, 720 ℃ or 750 ℃), and the calcination time is 2 to 3 hours (for example, 2 hours, 2.3 hours, 2.5 hours, 2.8 hours or 3 hours). Wherein, the temperature and time of calcination can affect the void characteristics of the generated carbon material, and the microporous structure can be increased when the temperature is too high and the time is too long, so that the capacitance characteristic is not utilized; if the calcination temperature is too low and the calcination time is too short, the activation of pore-forming is not achieved.
Preferably, the acid solution soaking is to soak the calcined product with hydrochloric acid.
More preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10%, and the soaking time is 20-25 h (for example, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h or 25 h). Wherein, 10% hydrochloric acid is used for removing unreacted KOH and redundant KOH, the acidity is weak, and if the hydrochloric acid concentration is too high or other strong acids are used, the carbon material structure is easy to damage, and the capacitance performance is not favorable.
The invention also provides capacitance carbon, and the capacitance carbon provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by adopting the method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon.
The method for converting distiller's grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon and the capacitance carbon prepared by the method are described in detail by specific examples.
In the following examples: the distiller's grains of Chinese liquor are from Shanxi Fenjiu group feed factory, and KOH and hydrochloric acid are provided by Guangfu technology development Limited company in Tianjin; the vacuum oven model is GZX-9140MBE, and is from Shanghai Binmi industry Co., Ltd; microwave synthesizer model Monowave300 from Austria Antopa (China) Inc.; centrifuge (TG16) was provided by the firm yuehua instruments llc; the model of the ultra-low temperature storage box is DW-86W100, and is from Qingdao Heier special electrical equipment Co.Ltd; the vacuum freeze dryer is FD-1D-80, and is available from Beijing Bo Yi kang laboratory instruments Co.
Example 1
The method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing the vinasse in water to obtain vinasse dispersion liquid: a. soaking in water, adding distiller's grains into deionized water, stirring and dispersing to obtain distiller's grain water extract; b. drying, soaking for 24h, placing the water extract of distiller's grains in a vacuum oven, heating to 110 deg.C, and drying to obtain distiller's grains powder; c. crushing, namely crushing the vinasse powder in a crusher, and sieving (the mesh size is 100 meshes) to obtain millimeter-grade vinasse powder; d. adding millimeter-grade distiller's grains powder into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain distiller's grains dispersion.
(2) Carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the vinasse dispersion liquid to obtain a hydrothermal reaction liquid: filling the vinasse dispersion liquid into a microwave reaction tube, carrying out ultrasonic mixing uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a microwave synthesizer for hydrothermal reaction; wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 180 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 min.
(3) Performing solid-liquid separation (centrifugation, the centrifugation speed is 8000r/min, the centrifugation time is 10min) on the hydrothermal reaction liquid, and respectively collecting liquid (supernatant, brown yellow) and solid (black), wherein the liquid contains carbon quantum dots; and (3) freeze-drying the brown yellow supernatant (the freeze-drying temperature is-80 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 24 hours), collecting a solid product obtained after freeze-drying, grinding the solid product into powder, and dissolving the powder in a solvent to obtain the carbon quantum dot (solution) of the embodiment.
(4) Modifying the solid product (black solid) obtained by the treatment of the step (3) by using KOH: A. adding the solid product obtained in the step (3) into a KOH solution with the concentration of 600g/L, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, and soaking for 24 hours; B. and B, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solution obtained by the treatment in the step A, and washing, centrifuging, filtering and vacuum-drying the solid obtained by the separation.
(5) Calcining the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (4), soaking in acid liquor, washing with water, centrifuging and drying to obtain the capacitance carbon: placing the solid product obtained in the step (4) in a crucible, and calcining in an argon atmosphere at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃ for 2 hours; and then, putting the calcined product into hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 10% to be soaked for 24 hours, washing with water, centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain the capacitance carbon.
Example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that the hydrothermal reaction temperature was 220 deg.C, and the rest was identical to example 1.
Example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that the hydrothermal reaction time was 20min, and the rest was identical to example 1.
Example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that the hydrothermal reaction time was 30min, and the rest was the same as example 1.
The fluorescence spectrum of the carbon quantum dots prepared in the examples 1-4 is shown in figure 1, and under 365nm excitation, the emission peak is 442nm and belongs to blue fluorescent carbon dots;
the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the carbon quantum dots prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 2, and the absorption peak in fig. 2 is located in the 280nm region (note: the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the carbon quantum dots prepared in examples 2 to 4 is substantially consistent with fig. 2);
an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the carbon quantum dot prepared in the example 1 is shown in fig. 3, when a diffraction angle 2 theta is 21 degrees, a peak value appears, and corresponds to a diffraction peak of a (002) plane of a graphite structure, which indicates that carbon in the prepared carbon dot is amorphous carbon;
the picture of the carbon quantum dot solution prepared in example 1 under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp is shown in fig. 4, and the carbon quantum dot solution can emit blue fluorescence under the irradiation of 365nm as can be obtained from fig. 4;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the capacitive carbon prepared in example 1, which shows that the capacitive carbon is porous and has a particle size of millimeter;
FIG. 6 is a constant current charge and discharge curve of the capacitor carbon prepared in example 1, which was calculated to have a capacitance of 98.2F/g at a current density of 1A/g.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from the process of example 1 for converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon only in that: in the step (4), activating agent KOH solution with the concentration of 500 g/L; the rest of the process was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from the process of example 1 for converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon only in that: in the step (4), activating agent KOH solution with the concentration of 700 g/L; the rest of the process was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from the method of converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon of example 1 only in that: in the step (5), the calcining temperature is 600 ℃; the remainder was in accordance with example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from the method of converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon of example 1 only in that: in the step (5), the calcining temperature is 800 ℃; the rest of the process was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from the process of example 1 for converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon only in that: in the step (5), the calcining time is 1 h; the remainder was in accordance with example 1.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from the process of example 1 for converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon only in that: in the step (5), the calcining time is 4 h; the rest of the process was identical to example 1.
Examples of the experiments
The cyclic voltammograms of the capacitance carbons prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were measured, and the results are shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the capacitance carbon prepared in example 1 has a rectangular curve and a larger rectangular area at a scan rate of 50mV/s, compared with those prepared in comparative examples 1 to 6, indicating better stability of the capacitance carbon cycle characteristics.
Remarking: (1) in fig. 7, the curves of comparative examples 1 and 4, respectively, are not easily apparent from fig. 7 due to the large degree of coincidence of the cyclic voltammograms of comparative example 1 and comparative example 4;
(2) in fig. 7, cyclic voltammograms (upper half of the curve) corresponding to example 1, comparative example 4 (large in degree of coincidence with the curve of comparative example 1 and not easily recognized), comparative example 5, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 6 are arranged in this order from top to bottom.
In summary, the following steps: the two carbon materials prepared by the one-step hydrothermal method are respectively a carbon quantum dot emitting blue light and capacitance carbon capable of being used for a super capacitor. And taking supernatant after the hydrothermal reaction to obtain the carbon quantum dot aqueous solution with strong fluorescence characteristic. And (3) taking the precipitate after the hydrothermal reaction, and activating to obtain the capacitance carbon, wherein the capacitance carbon shows excellent capacitance performance under the optimized parameters of the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for converting vinasse into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) dispersing the vinasse in water to obtain vinasse dispersion liquid;
(2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the vinasse dispersion liquid to obtain a hydrothermal reaction liquid;
(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the hydrothermal reaction liquid, and respectively collecting liquid and solid, wherein the liquid contains the carbon quantum dots;
(4) modifying the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (3) by using KOH;
(5) and (4) calcining the solid product obtained by the treatment in the step (4), soaking in acid liquor, washing with water and drying to obtain the capacitance carbon.
2. The method for converting distillers ' grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon of claim 1, wherein the distillers ' grains dispersion is prepared by water soaking, drying and pulverizing distillers ' grains, and then re-dispersing in water;
preferably, the water leaching comprises the steps of: adding distiller's grains into deionized water, stirring and dispersing to obtain distiller's grain water immersion liquid;
the drying comprises the following steps: placing the distillers 'grains water immersion liquid in a vacuum oven, heating and drying to obtain distillers' grains powder;
the pulverization comprises the following steps: putting the vinasse powder into a grinder to be ground and sieved to obtain millimeter-grade vinasse powder;
and adding the millimeter-grade vinasse powder into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain the vinasse dispersion liquid.
3. The method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon according to claim 2, wherein the stirring and dispersing time is 24-36 h during water immersion;
the drying temperature is 110-120 ℃;
in the process of preparing the millimeter-scale vinasse powder, the aperture of a screen mesh adopted for sieving is 100-150 meshes.
4. The method for converting distillers grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon of claim 1, wherein said hydrothermal reaction is performed under microwave conditions;
preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 180-220 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-30 min.
5. The method for converting distillers grains to carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon of claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction comprises the steps of: and (2) filling the vinasse dispersion liquid obtained by the treatment in the step (1) into a microwave reaction tube, carrying out ultrasonic mixing uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a microwave synthesizer for hydrothermal reaction.
6. The method for converting distiller's grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of freeze-drying, grinding and dissolving the liquid obtained in step (3) in a solvent;
preferably, the temperature of the freeze drying is-75 to-85 ℃, and the freeze drying time is 20 to 25 hours;
more preferably, the solid-liquid separation in the step (3) is centrifugal treatment, the rotating speed of the centrifugal treatment is 7500-8500 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5-15 min.
7. The method for converting distillers' grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitive carbon of claim 1, wherein said step (4) comprises:
A. adding the solid product obtained in the step (3) into a KOH solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and soaking;
B. b, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solution obtained by the treatment in the step A, and washing, centrifuging, filtering and vacuum-drying the solid obtained by the separation;
preferably, in the step A, the concentration of the KOH solution is 550-650 g/L, and the soaking time is 22-26 h.
8. The method for converting the vinasse into the carbon quantum dots and the capacitance carbon according to claim 7, wherein the calcination in the step (4) is carried out in an argon atmosphere, the calcination temperature is 650-750 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-3 h.
9. The method for converting distillers' grains into carbon quantum dots and capacitance carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid soaking in step (5) is specifically: soaking the calcined product by hydrochloric acid;
preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10%, and the soaking time is 20-25 h.
10. A capacitance carbon, wherein the capacitance carbon is produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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