CN114766596A - Degradation method of coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, application of degradation method and biological fermentation feed - Google Patents

Degradation method of coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, application of degradation method and biological fermentation feed Download PDF

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CN114766596A
CN114766596A CN202210501970.4A CN202210501970A CN114766596A CN 114766596 A CN114766596 A CN 114766596A CN 202210501970 A CN202210501970 A CN 202210501970A CN 114766596 A CN114766596 A CN 114766596A
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fermentation
bran
coix seed
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chinese gall
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尹文飞
李鲲
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Guangdong Daze Agricultural Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/28—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
    • A23V2400/169—Plantarum

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for degrading coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, application thereof and a biological fermentation feed, wherein the degradation method comprises the following steps: s1, preparation of fermentation substrate: mixing coix seed bran, Chinese gall residue and soybean meal uniformly to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the fermentation water content is 30-50%; s2, preparation of fermentation strains: preparing a fermentation strain; s3, fermentation: according to the scheme, the coix seed bran and the Chinese gall slag degrade excessive crude fibers and aflatoxin, various metabolites can be generated, the biological fermentation feed containing probiotics is prepared, the nutrient content in the biological fermentation feed is increased, the coix seed bran and the Chinese gall slag can be efficiently and fully utilized by the fermentation method, the resource maximization is realized, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the product prepared by the degradation method can be directly used as the biological fermentation feed.

Description

Degradation method of coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, application of degradation method and biological fermentation feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feeds, in particular to a method for degrading coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, application thereof and a biological fermentation feed.
Background
Coix seed, also known as Coix seed, corn, etc., is a dried seed of Coix lacryma-jobi of Gramineae; has cool nature and sweet and light taste, and has effects of invigorating spleen, invigorating lung, clearing heat, and promoting diuresis. Mainly produced in Guizhou, Fujian, Hebei, Liaoning and Jiangsu, etc., and is mostly cultivated artificially. In the process of processing the coix seed into polished rice, the husk and the seed coat and embryo which account for about 10% of the total mass need to be removed, and then the seed coat and embryo are made into coix seed bran.
Galla chinensis is gall on leaf of Rhus chinensis, Populus Trigonellae or Populus deltoidea of Anacardiaceae, and is mainly formed by parasitizing Galla chinensis aphid. Galla chinensis is cold in nature, sour and astringent in taste, and has the effects of astringing intestine to stop diarrhea, astringing lung to reduce pathogenic fire, astringing dampness to heal wound, arresting sweating, stopping bleeding, etc. The Chinese gall residue is detected to contain 80% of water and 20% of dry matter. In dry matter, the content of crude protein is 11-13%, the content of crude fiber is 16-18%, calcium is about 0.45%, phosphorus is about 0.12%, and tannic acid is about 3%.
The coix seed bran is rich in nutrient components, 15-16% of crude protein, 6.8-8% of crude fat, 12-13% of crude fiber, about 0.05% of calcium and about 0.9% of phosphorus. The health-care food contains 1.3-1.4% of total flavonoids and 2-3% of crude polysaccharides, which are functional components. Therefore, the coicis semen bran can be used as a feed for animal breeding. However, the crude fat content of the coix seed bran is high, the coix seed bran is easy to rancidity due to improper storage, and aflatoxin is easy to exceed the standard.
The gallnut slag is easy to decay and deteriorate due to high water content, has high drying cost, and most gallnut slag is discarded as waste material to pollute the environment. In a small part, the gallnut residues are used as fertilizers for planting melons, fruits, vegetables, tea leaves and the like, and the utilization value is low. The Chinese gall residue is directly fed as feed, but the problems of low animal digestion and utilization rate, small treatment capacity and the like exist due to high water content and crude fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for degrading coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, which can effectively degrade macromolecular substances in Chinese gall residue and prolong the storage time of products.
A second object of the invention is to provide an application comprising the above degradation method.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a biological fermentation feed prepared by the degradation method.
In order to achieve the first object, the method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of fermentation substrate: uniformly mixing coix seed bran, Chinese gall residue and soybean meal powder to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the fermentation water content is 30-50%;
s2, preparation of fermentation strains: preparing a fermentation strain;
s3, fermentation: and adding the fermentation strain into the fermentation substrate, and then fermenting.
According to the scheme, the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues are matched to serve as fermentation substrates, the bacterial fermentation technology is utilized, excessive crude fibers and aflatoxin of the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues can be degraded, metabolic products such as organic acid, enzyme, small peptide and vitamin can be generated, the fermentation product obtained by the degradation method can be directly used as a biological fermentation feed, the biological fermentation feed contains probiotics and rich nutrient substances, the degradation method can efficiently and fully utilize the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues, the gallnut residues can be truly turned into wealth, the economic value is improved, the resource maximization is realized, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Further, in step S2, the fermentation strains include at least two groups of mixed strains, wherein the at least two groups of mixed strains include an aerobic strain and an anaerobic strain, and each group of mixed strains includes at least one strain; at step S3, at least two groups of mixed bacteria are added to the fermentation substrate in batches.
Therefore, firstly, the aerobic bacteria group is a strain with strong enzyme production capacity, free oxygen in a fermentation substrate is less through oxygen consumption of the aerobic bacteria, the growth of anaerobic bacteria in the later period is facilitated, meanwhile, a large amount of extracellular enzymes generated by bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis can well degrade macromolecular substances in the substrate, and good nutrient substances can be provided for proliferation of the anaerobic bacteria. The anaerobic bacteria are probiotics which can generate a large amount of organic acid and can adhere to intestinal tracts, so that the improvement of the nutritive value of the fermentation substrate is facilitated.
In a further scheme, in the step S1, the ratio of the coix seed bran, the Chinese gall residue and the soybean meal powder is as follows by weight: 100-150: 150-200: 40-50.
Therefore, the fermentation substrate consisting of the coix seed bran, the Chinese gall residue and the soybean meal powder within the ratio range can provide more nutrient substances after fermentation.
The further scheme is that at least two groups of mixed bacteria comprise an aerobic bacteria group and an anaerobic bacteria group, wherein the aerobic bacteria group comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and the anaerobic bacteria group comprises lactobacillus plantarum and clostridium butyricum.
Therefore, the aerobic bacterium group and the anaerobic bacterium group contain different strains, the different strains decompose different products in the fermentation process to provide more nutrition for the biological fermentation feed, and the probiotics in the mixed strains can improve the intestinal tract problem of animals.
Further, in step S3, the fermentation method specifically comprises: inoculating the strain into a fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, putting into a ton bag, compacting, inserting a hollow pipe into the ton bag, sealing the ton bag, wherein one end of the hollow pipe is positioned in the ton bag, the other end of the hollow pipe is positioned outside the ton bag, and the fermentation material in the ton bag is naturally fermented for 7-10 days at the temperature of 20-35 ℃.
The further scheme is that in the step S3, the aerobic bacteria group is firstly inoculated into the fermentation substrate and uniformly mixed, the fermentation substrate is inoculated into the anaerobic bacteria group after being placed for 10 to 12 hours, and the fermentation substrate and the anaerobic bacteria group are added into the ton bag after being uniformly mixed.
Therefore, different mixed strains are added in batches in sequence, different strains have different fermentation time, and a low-oxygen environment is provided for the fermentation of the strains after the ton bags are sealed; the ton bag is used as a fermentation container, and a natural fermentation mode is adopted, so that the cost is effectively reduced while the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues are effectively degraded.
In order to realize the second purpose of the invention, the degradation method of the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues is applied to the preparation of the biological fermentation feed. In order to achieve the third objective of the present invention, the bio-fermented feed provided by the present invention is the fermented product obtained in step S3 of the above degradation method of coicis semen and Chinese gall residue.
Detailed Description
The invention can be applied to the field of preparation of biological fermentation feed or biological fermentation, the degradation method of the invention adopts coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue as fermentation substrates, strains are fermented to degrade excessive crude fiber and aflatoxin, and metabolic products such as organic acid, enzyme, small peptide, vitamin and the like can be generated, compared with the traditional Chinese gall residue treatment method and the utilization mode of the coix seed bran, the method can effectively solve the treatment problem of the Chinese gall residue by fermenting and degrading the coix seed bran and the Chinese gall residue through the strains, and can simultaneously improve the utilization value of the coix seed bran, the fermentation product obtained by the degradation method is rich in the metabolic products such as organic acid, enzyme, probiotics, vitamin, small peptide and the like, the fermentation product obtained by the degradation method can be directly used as the biological fermentation feed, the immunity of animals can be improved, the intestinal health can be maintained, the production performance can be improved, and the ammonia concentration in colony houses can be reduced, therefore, the method for degrading the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues can be a method for preparing a biological fermentation feed.
The invention provides a method for degrading coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of fermentation substrate: according to the weight ratio, the ratio of the coix seed bran to the Chinese gall residue to the soybean meal powder is as follows: 100-150: 150-200: 40-50, and uniformly mixing the coix seed bran, the Chinese gall slag and the soybean meal powder according to a proportion to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the fermentation water content is 30-50%, and optimally 38-42%;
s2, preparation of fermentation strains: preparing at least two groups of mixed bacteria groups, wherein each group of mixed bacteria group contains at least two strains, the at least two groups of mixed bacteria groups comprise an aerobic bacteria group and an anaerobic bacteria group, the aerobic bacteria group comprises bacillus subtilis (more than or equal to 50 hundred million CFU/ml) and bacillus licheniformis (more than or equal to 50 hundred million CFU/ml), the anaerobic bacteria group comprises lactobacillus plantarum (more than or equal to 10 hundred million CFU/ml) and clostridium butyricum (more than or equal to 5 hundred million CFU/ml), uniformly mixing the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis in the aerobic bacteria group for later use, and uniformly mixing the lactobacillus plantarum and the clostridium butyricum in the anaerobic bacteria group for later use;
s3, fermentation: adding at least two groups of mixed bacteria into a fermentation substrate in batches in sequence for fermentation, and specifically comprising the following steps: the aerobic bacterium group is put into a fermentation substrate to be uniformly mixed, the fermentation substrate is put into an anaerobic group after being placed for 10 to 12 hours, the fermentation substrate is put into a ton bag to be compacted after being uniformly mixed, a hollow pipe with the diameter of 4cm is inserted into the ton bag, the ton bag is sealed, one end of the hollow pipe is ensured to be positioned in the ton bag, the other end of the hollow pipe is positioned outside the ton bag, the ton bag is placed in a cool place in a warehouse, and the fermented materials in the ton bag are naturally fermented for 7 to 10 days at the temperature of between 20 and 35 ℃.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1:
the biologically fermented feed in example 1 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of coixseed bran and nutgall residue, wherein in steps S1 and S2, the addition amount of nutgall is 150 parts, the addition amount of coixseed bran is 200 parts, the addition amount of soybean meal powder is 40 parts, the addition amount of bacillus subtilis liquid in an aerobic bacteria group is 2 parts, the addition amount of bacillus licheniformis liquid is 2 parts, the addition amount of lactobacillus plantarum liquid in an anaerobic bacteria group is 2 parts, and the addition amount of clostridium butyricum liquid is 4 parts; in step S3, the sealed ton of bags is naturally fermented at 25 ℃ for 8 days.
Example 2:
the bio-fermented feed in example 2 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of coixseed bran and nutgall residue, wherein in steps S1 and S2, the addition amount of nutgall is 100 parts, the addition amount of coixseed bran is 150 parts, the addition amount of soybean meal powder is 50 parts, the addition amount of bacillus subtilis liquid in an aerobic bacteria group is 3 parts, the addition amount of bacillus licheniformis liquid is 3 parts, the addition amount of lactobacillus plantarum liquid in an anaerobic bacteria group is 3 parts, and the addition amount of clostridium butyricum liquid is 6 parts, and in step S3, the sealed ton bag is naturally fermented at 30 ℃ for 7 days.
Example 3:
the bio-fermented feed in example 3 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of coixseed bran and nutgall residue, wherein in steps S1 and S2, the addition amount of nutgall is 200 parts, the addition amount of coixseed bran is 100 parts, the addition amount of soybean meal powder is 40 parts, the addition amount of bacillus subtilis liquid in an aerobic bacteria group is 1 part, the addition amount of bacillus licheniformis liquid is 3 parts, the addition amount of lactobacillus plantarum liquid in an anaerobic bacteria group is 2 parts, and the addition amount of clostridium butyricum liquid is 1 part, and in step S3, the sealed ton bag is naturally fermented at 30 ℃ for 7 days.
Example 4
The bio-fermented feed in the embodiment 4 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of coixseed bran and gallnut residues, wherein in the steps S1 and S2, the addition amount of gallnut is 150 parts, the addition amount of coixseed bran is 200 parts, the addition amount of soybean meal powder is 40 parts, the addition amount of bacillus subtilis liquid in an aerobic bacteria group is 1 part, the addition amount of bacillus licheniformis liquid is 2 parts, the addition amount of lactobacillus plantarum liquid in an anaerobic bacteria group is 2 parts, and the addition amount of clostridium butyricum is 4 parts; in step S3, the sealed ton of bags is naturally fermented at 30 ℃ for 10 days.
Example 5
The bio-fermented feed in example 5 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of the coix seed bran and the nutgall residue, in step S1 and step S2, the addition amount of the nutgall is 150 parts, the addition amount of the coix seed bran is 200 parts, the addition amount of the soybean meal powder is 40 parts, the addition amount of bacillus subtilis liquid in the aerobic bacteria group is 1 part, the addition amount of bacillus licheniformis liquid in the lichen bacteria group is 2 parts, and the anaerobic bacteria group is not added; in step S3, the sealed ton bag is naturally fermented at 30 ℃ for 10 days.
Example 6
The bio-fermented feed in example 6 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of coicis chinensis and gallnut residues, in step S1 and step S2, the addition amount of gallnut is 150 parts, the addition amount of coicis chinensis is 200 parts, the addition amount of soybean meal is 40 parts, the addition amount of lactobacillus plantarum in the anaerobic bacteria group is 2 parts, the addition amount of clostridium butyricum is 4 parts, and the aerobic bacteria group is not added; in step S3, the sealed ton bag is naturally fermented at 30 ℃ for 10 days.
Example 7
The biological fermentation feed in example 7 is prepared by the above degradation method, and in the degradation method of coicis semen and gallnut residues, wherein in step S1 and step S2, the addition amount of gallnut is 150 parts, the addition amount of coicis semen is 200 parts, the addition amount of soybean meal is 40 parts, the addition amount of bacillus subtilis liquid in the aerobic bacteria group is 1 part, the addition amount of bacillus licheniformis liquid is 2 parts, the addition amount of enterococcus faecalis liquid (more than or equal to 10 hundred million CFU/ml) in the anaerobic bacteria group is 2 parts, and the addition amount of bacillus coagulans liquid (more than or equal to 5 hundred million CFU/ml) is 4 parts; in step S3, the sealed ton bag is naturally fermented at 30 ℃ for 10 days.
The contents of the substances before and after fermentation in examples 1 to 7 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
Figure BDA0003634698300000061
Figure BDA0003634698300000071
as can be seen from Table 1, no matter which mixed bacteria are subjected to degradation fermentation of coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue, the degradation fermentation can be realized, but when the content of the generated organic acid is low, the storage time is influenced.
Piglet breeding efficacy test:
252 weaned piglets (8 +/-0.4 kg) of 28-day-old are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, namely a control group, a pre-fermentation group and a post-fermentation group, wherein each group comprises 6 replicates and each group comprises 84 piglets. And recording the feed intake and the number of heads with diarrhea of the piglets every day, measuring the weight of the piglets at the end of the piglets on the 42 th day, and calculating the average daily weight gain, the average daily feed intake, the feed conversion ratio and the diarrhea rate. The ingredients and contents of the biological feeds of the control group, the pre-fermentation group and the post-fermentation group are specifically shown in table 2 below, wherein the fermentation substrate in the pre-fermentation group is the material which is not fermented after the inoculation of the strain in example 1, the post-fermentation group is the material obtained after the fermentation in example 1, in table 2, the fermentation substrate is the fermentation substrate in step S1 in the degradation method, and the biological fermentation feed is the product finally obtained by the degradation method.
Table 2: each group of the formulas consists of
Figure BDA0003634698300000081
The test results are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3:
Figure BDA0003634698300000082
Figure BDA0003634698300000091
note: the data in the same row shows no significant difference in the shoulder notation (P is more than 0.05), and the difference in the lower case letters shows significant difference (P is less than 0.05)
The experimental results in table 3 show that compared with the control group and the pre-fermentation group, the feed obtained by adding the biological fermented feed group, namely the fermented group, has significant improvement (P is less than 0.05) on both the daily average weight gain and the daily average feed intake of piglets, and compared with the results after using the pre-fermentation group, the daily average weight gain of piglets is improved by 10.05%, the daily average feed intake is improved by 8.72%, and the diarrhea rate is significantly reduced by 62.86%. Compared with the result of using the control group, the daily average weight gain of the piglets is improved by 9.5%, the daily average feed intake is improved by 8.83%, and the diarrhea rate is remarkably reduced by 63.89%, so that the nutritional value can be effectively improved after the coix seed bran and the Chinese gall residue are fermented by the mixed bacteria, and the growth performance of the weaned piglets can be remarkably improved and the diarrhea rate can be remarkably reduced by adding 5% of the biological fermentation feed. According to the detection results shown in tables 1 and 3, the coix seed bran and the coix seed bran are fermented by the mixed bacteria, so that macromolecular substances can be effectively degraded, a large amount of metabolites such as organic acids, extracellular enzymes and the like and beneficial bacteria which are beneficial to the animal production performance and the reduction of animal diarrhea are generated, and the high-efficiency utilization of the coix seed bran and the coix seed bran is realized.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples of implementations, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, and any changes, equivalents, improvements and the like, which fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The method for degrading the coix seed bran and the gallnut residues is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of fermentation substrate: uniformly mixing coix seed bran, Chinese gall residue and soybean meal powder to obtain a fermentation substrate, wherein the fermentation water content is 30-50%;
s2, preparation of fermentation strains: preparing a fermentation strain;
s3, fermentation: and adding the fermentation strain into the fermentation substrate, and then fermenting.
2. The method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S2, the fermentation strains include at least two groups of mixed strains, where the at least two groups of mixed strains include an aerobic strain and an anaerobic strain, and each group of mixed strains includes at least one strain; in step S3, at least two groups of mixed bacterial component batches are sequentially added to the fermentation substrate.
3. The method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S1, the ratio of the coicis semen bran, the Chinese gall residue and the soybean meal powder is as follows by weight: 100-150: 150-200: 40-50.
4. The method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the aerobic bacteria group comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and the anaerobic bacteria group comprises lactobacillus plantarum and clostridium butyricum.
5. The method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
in step S3, the fermentation method is as follows: inoculating the strain into the fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into a ton bag, compacting, inserting a hollow pipe into the ton bag, sealing the ton bag, positioning one end of the hollow pipe into the ton bag, positioning the other end of the hollow pipe outside the ton bag, and naturally fermenting the fermentation product in the ton bag at the temperature of between 20 and 35 ℃ for 7 to 10 days.
6. The method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues according to claim 5, wherein:
in step S3, the aerobic bacteria group is firstly added into the fermentation substrate and uniformly mixed, the fermentation substrate is placed for 10 to 12 hours and then added into the anaerobic bacteria group, and the fermentation substrate and the anaerobic bacteria group are uniformly mixed and then added into the ton bag.
7. An application of a degradation method of coix seed bran and Chinese gall residue is characterized in that: the method for degrading coicis semen bran and gallnut residues as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is applied to the preparation of bio-fermented feed.
8. The biological fermentation feed is characterized in that: the bio-fermented feed is the fermentation product obtained in the step S3 of the method for degrading coicis semen bran and Chinese gall residue according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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Application publication date: 20220722