CN114766338B - Method for improving sweet wormwood inbred line cultivation and hybrid parent combining ability detection efficiency by utilizing water culture cuttage - Google Patents
Method for improving sweet wormwood inbred line cultivation and hybrid parent combining ability detection efficiency by utilizing water culture cuttage Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet wormwood breeding, in particular to a method for improving sweet wormwood inbred line cultivation and hybrid parent combining ability detection efficiency by utilizing water planting cuttage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet wormwood breeding, in particular to a method for improving sweet wormwood inbred line cultivation and hybrid parent combining ability detection efficiency by utilizing water culture cuttage.
Background
Artemisia Annua (Artemisia Annua L.) belonging to Artemisia of Compositae is called Artemisia Annua L. The leaves and buds of sweet wormwood are leached at low temperature (less than 60 ℃) to obtain the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with a peroxide bridge structure. The combined therapy of artemisinin and derivatives thereof is the best means for treating malaria in the world at present, and the combined therapy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine + mefloquine/artemether-lumefantrine/amodiaquine is proved to be the most effective method for controlling the drug resistance of artemisinin and auxiliary drugs at present and is advocated by WHO. However, the availability of artemisinin raw material has plagued a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical enterprises for a considerable period of time. Through large-scale screening by researchers, only leaves and buds of artemisia annua in the compositae contain abundant artemisinin before and after bud period, most of the artemisia annua discovered at the moment is wild variety, the content of the artemisia annua is generally less than 2 per thousand, and the artemisia annua does not have the value of industrial extraction.
Through the artificial cultivation and domestication of the wild sweet wormwood herb, the systematic breeding or group breeding and other modes, researchers gradually increase the average content of artemisinin in field cultivated species to about 15 per mill and the content of dominant individual plants to about 25 per mill after the efforts of nearly 30 years. The method for improving the artemisinin content, the yield and the resistance of the sweet wormwood herb plants by using ploidy breeding, a molecular marker technology and a transgenic breeding technology through a modern breeding means is a feasible method at present. However, the latest sequencing result shows that the genome of the artemisia apiacea is 1.74 Gb, the heterozygosity is 1.0-1.5%, the repetitive sequence is more than 60%, and the artemisia apiacea is a typical complex genome, and the genetic polymorphism caused by the high repetitive sequence of the artemisia apiacea provides possibility for breeding dominant variant materials in a field, and also provides a challenge for stable heredity and preservation of high-quality varieties. Therefore, the varieties bred by using the modern breeding technology still need to be screened and purified year by using the traditional breeding technology so as to ensure the homozygosity and stability of the sweet wormwood herb varieties.
Unlike self-pollinated crops, sweet wormwood is a strictly outcrossing crop, selfing is seriously impractical, and it is anemophilous. In the isolation and purification process of sweet wormwood breeding materials, selfing isolation is carried out by predecessors in a multi-purpose parchment paper bagging mode, and the selfing seed setting rate is improved by spraying NaCl solutions with different concentrations before bagging. The researches of the penmen find that the method has a plurality of disadvantages: (1) The parchment paper is easy to mildew and dirty in continuous rainy days, and the light transmittance and the photosynthesis are influenced, so that the seed yield is low, and the seed vitality is poor; (2) The flowering period of a single sweet wormwood plant is about 14-20 d, the flowering period of a bagging isolated single branch is about 15d, the spraying effect of the NaCl solution is good only when the flower buds are opened, the risk of pollen mixing exists when the bags/bags are repeatedly taken, and the risk of extremely little yield and even seed quality resource loss can be caused if the bags are discontinuously sprayed. In addition, after obtaining the inbred line, predecessors also tried to design a special in-situ breeding box to perform combining ability detection and hybridization between homozygous parents, but the operability is not strong, and the hybridization breeding efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the efficiency of sweet wormwood inbred line cultivation and hybrid parent combining ability detection by using water planting cuttage, which adopts the modes of preposition detection, water planting cuttage, device isolation, selfing pollination and combining ability detection, can simultaneously realize ectopic isolation inbreeding and hybridization combination of hundreds of breeding materials, and greatly improves the variety breeding process and breeding efficiency.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving cultivating efficiency of an artemisia apiacea inbred line and detecting efficiency of combining ability of hybridized parents by water planting cuttage includes the steps of selecting high-yield single plants in a field preferably when the artemisia apiacea inbred line is cultivated, sampling 30d before budding, quickly detecting artemisinin content by an ultraviolet method, selecting high-yield and high-content artemisia apiacea breeding materials, shearing 8-10 cm at the top of the artemisia apiacea inbred 28-30 d before budding, cutting the artemisia apiacea into a cultivating device of an intelligent greenhouse (5 d covering gauze before flowering), cultivating the artemisia apiacea in an improved tobacco nutrient solution, and after 20d is planted, keeping illumination duration of 14 h (5-19), and illumination intensity of Lx; adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8-17), light intensity 3000 Lx, dark treatment duration 15 h (17-8), complete shading to induce flowering, additional application of 0.1% boric acid and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate to increase seed set rate at the bud stage and the flowering stage, respectively;
spraying 3.0% sodium chloride at 10% per day when the sweet wormwood blooms, washing salt at 20% per day by using clear water, and continuously spraying 12 d;
when parent material hybridization combining ability detection is carried out, parents needing combining ability test are selected, 8-10 cm at the top is cut from d before budding, the parents are inserted into a culture device of an intelligent greenhouse (5 d covered gauze before budding), and improved tobacco nutrient solution is adopted for culture; after the cuttage 20d, keeping the illumination duration 14 h (30-19), the illumination intensity 3000 Lx; adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8-30), light intensity 3000 Lx, dark treatment duration 15 h (17-8).
Further, the formula of the improved tobacco nutrient solution is as follows: macroelements are potassium nitrate 600 mg/L, calcium nitrate 600 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 600 mg/L, ammonium phosphate 400 mg/L, potassium sulfate 400 mg/L, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 mg/L; the microelements are disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 20 mg/L, ferrous sulfate 10 mg/L, boric acid 10 mg/L, manganese sulfate 4 mg/L, zinc sulfate 1 mg/L, copper sulfate 0.2 mg/L; and adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to 6.5-6.8 by using 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 0.1 mol/L sulfuric acid.
Furthermore, the culture device adopts a floating seedling culture device and consists of a plurality of isolated culture boxes, a nutrient pond, a floating seedling culture disc and a sprinkling irrigation system.
The external diameter specification of a single isolation incubator is 0.75 m (length) x 0.45 m (width) x 1.0 m (height), the framework of the isolation incubator is assembled by 20 mm x 20 mm square wood, the lower ends of four stand columns are extended by 5cm, sprinkling irrigation pipelines are convenient to lay, when the isolation incubator is used, 8 wires (0.08 mm) of high-light-transmission films are used for surrounding and blocking the periphery of the side edges from the inner side, and the isolation incubator is uniformly fixed on the four stand columns by using pins; the top end of the floating plate is covered with 600-mesh gauze 5d before blooming after being placed in the floating plate, and the top end of the floating plate is fixed on a square timber with a picture nail after being compacted by a plastic layering.
The specification of the nutrient pool is 10.00 m (length) x 0.85 m (width) x 0.20 m (depth), a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged, and a 10-wire (0.1 mm) thick film is covered on the nutrient pool when the nutrient pool is used, so that the nutrient solution is prevented from losing.
The external dimension specification of the floating seedling raising disk is 62.5 cm (length) × 37.5 cm (width) × 7.0 cm (height), the single-hole dimension is 4.3 cm (length) × 4.3 cm (width) × 6.5 cm (depth), the space is 0.05 cm, when the floating seedling raising disk is used, in order to avoid the situation that the sweet wormwood plants are shaded mutually after growing up to cause the population deterioration, interlaced cuttage is adopted.
The sprinkling irrigation system consists of a charging basket, a water valve, a booster pump, a hose, a fixed pipeline and a spray head.
According to the scheme, the modes of preposition detection, water culture cuttage, device isolation, self-crossing pollination and combining ability detection are adopted, strict isolation of different germplasm materials can be realized, ectopic isolation self-crossing or hybrid parent combining ability test of hundreds of breeding materials can be carried out at one time, and the sweet wormwood self-crossing line breeding and hybrid parent combining ability detection efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a floating seedling raising device in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolation incubator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a nutrition pool in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sprinkler system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a floating seedling raising tray in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-1 gauze; 1-2 plastic layering; 1-3 high light transmission films; 1-4 isolation incubator; 1-4-1 isolating the skeleton of the incubator; 2-1, a nutrition pool; 3-1 floating seedling raising plate; 4-1, a charging basket; 4-2 water valves; 4-3 flexible pipe; 4-4 booster pump; 4-5, fixing the pipeline; 4-6 spray heads.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Test materials
Three strains (green straw, purple straw and red straw) which are isolated and selfed for three generations are taken as materials. Wherein the stem of the green stalk material (CDQ-3X) is green, the leaf color is dark green, the complete leaves are deeply cracked in a three-feather shape, the average dry leaf weight of a single plant is 130 g, and the artemisinin content is 15.6 per mill; purple stalk material (CDZ-3X) has light purple red stalk, green leaf color, three-circle feathered and light cracked complete leaves, the average dry leaf weight of a single plant is 156 g, and the artemisinin content is 15.9 per mill; the red stalk material (CDH-3X) has light red stalk, yellow green leaves, three-circle feathering and light splitting of complete leaves, the average dry leaf weight of a single plant is 126 g, and the artemisinin content is 14.3 per mill. The three strains are close to each other in the whole growth period of 260-265 d, are sown in the early 2 months, bud appears in the late 8 months, and the pollen scattering period of a single plant is 15-19 d.
Method and results
2.1 Prepositive detection and single plant selection of single sweet wormwood herb plant
2.1.1 Design of experiments
Respectively planting 200 green stalk materials (CDQ-3X), purple stalk materials (CDZ-3X) and red stalk materials (CDH-3X) in a field, selecting 3 single plants with large plant types from each strain, respectively shearing branches at the same positions at 30d, 25d, 20d, 15d, 10d, 5d and 0d before budding, taking tender tips at the upper parts (8-10 cm) after all the branches are sheared, removing lower leaves, carrying out water culture cutting, cutting a floating seedling tray for each single plant to obtain 42 plants in total, wherein the plant row spacing is 43.5 mm X87 mm; drying the rest branches at 50 ℃, removing leaves, crushing, and performing artemisinin content detection by using ethanol extraction and an ultraviolet method. And (4) inspecting the rooting rate of the pruning cutting seedlings in different periods and the correlation between the artemisinin content change and the material drawing time in each period. Wherein, the cutting rooting rate = rooted cutting seedling number/total cutting seedling number multiplied by 100%;
2.1.2 Test results
As shown in table 1, the effect of pruning cutting at different periods on the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings is great, and the earlier the cutting time is, the higher the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings is; the cuttage rooting rate of different sweet wormwood herb strains has certain difference, the purple stalk strain cuttage seedling rooting rate is higher than that of the green stalk strain, and the red stalk strain is the worst. The artemisinin content gradually increases along with the advancing of the growth period until the bud period reaches the highest, and the artemisinin accumulation rules among the three strains are similar. According to the linear fitting result, the artemisinin content is highly negatively correlated with the days before budding, which shows that under the climatic condition, the artemisinin content is detected by 30d before budding to select high-content single plants, and then the selfing lines are cut, cut and isolated and cultivated. Research also shows that the increase rule of the artemisinin content is closer to exponential growth in the 10-20 d before budding, which is probably related to climate, especially illumination and day-night temperature difference in different regions, but the difference rule of the content of different strains is not different from the invention.
Optimization of water culture cutting culture conditions
2.2.1 test design
Selecting a purple straw material (CDZ-3X) for a proper period, cutting tender tips into an intelligent greenhouse, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse between 60 and 85 percent, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse between 25 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and 15 to 16 ℃ at night. The matrix formula of peat soil, fine river sand and coconut coir is 2; after the cuttage 20d, keeping the illumination duration 14 h (30-19), the illumination intensity 3000 Lx; adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8-17), light intensity 3000 Lx, full shading dark processing duration 15 h (17-8).
Because the water culture nutrient solution and the foliage dressing have great influence on the rooting survival rate, the growth vigor and the like of the cutting seedlings of the sweet wormwood herb, the method is provided with a two-factor test, the factor 1 is a water culture nutrient solution formula, and three levels of a conventional nutrient solution, an improved tobacco nutrient solution formula and clear water are set; factor 2 is whether topdressing is performed or not, two levels of 0.1% boric acid, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and no topdressing are set, 6 treatments are combined, 3 floating discs are inserted in each treatment, 42 roots are inserted in each disc, and the plant row spacing is 43.5 mm × 87 mm. The influence of each treatment combination on the properties of the cuttage Miao Nongyi is examined,
(1) The conventional nutrient solution formula comprises: (1) Boric acid 30 mg/L, ammonium nitrate 600 mg/L, monopotassium phosphate 500 mg/L and vitamin B1 30 mg/L, and the pH value of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.5-6.8 by utilizing 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 0.1 mol/L sulfuric acid.
(2) The formula of the improved tobacco nutrient solution comprises: macroelements are potassium nitrate 600 mg/L, calcium nitrate 600 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 600 mg/L, ammonium phosphate 400 mg/L, potassium sulfate 400 mg/L, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 mg/L; the microelements are disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 20 mg/L, ferrous sulfate 10 mg/L, boric acid 10 mg/L, manganese sulfate 4 mg/L, zinc sulfate 1 mg/L, copper sulfate 0.2 mg/L; and adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to 6.5-6.8 by using 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 0.1 mol/L sulfuric acid.
(3) 0.1 percent of boric acid and 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate are additionally applied respectively in the bud period and the flowering period to improve the pollination and seed setting rate, and the treatment without additional fertilization is replaced by equal amount of clear water.
(4) By inspecting the rooting rate of cuttage, the branch number of cuttage seedlings and the quality of the overground part; and (3) inspecting the total number of the head-shaped inflorescences of the single plant, the number of the falling flowers (head-shaped inflorescences) of the single plant, the falling flower rate, the pollen activity and the single plant yield to determine a proper nutrient solution and a topdressing scheme.
The calculation mode of each index is as follows:
(1) Rooting rate = the number of rooted cutting seedlings/total number of cutting seedlings × 100%;
(2) And (5) the number of branches of the cutting seedlings. The first-level branch number of the single cutting seedling is equal to the branch number of the complete leaves with more than 2 pieces grown by the axillary buds of the main stem; the secondary branch number of the single cutting seedling = the branch number of the complete leaves with more than 2 pieces grown by the primary branch axillary bud;
(3) The above-ground part is heavy in dry matter. During budding, 10 cutting seedlings with uniform growth are selected for each treatment, the base is cut off, enzyme deactivation is carried out for 0.5 h at 105 ℃, drying is carried out to constant weight at 80 ℃, and the weight is weighed by a thousandth of balance.
(4) Inflorescence trait. Before flowering, selecting 10 cutting seedlings with uniform growth vigor for each tray, and inspecting the number of head-shaped inflorescences of each plant, wherein the average value of each treatment is the total number of head-shaped inflorescences of a single plant; 3238 and 3238 observing the 10 cutting seedlings at fixed points, inspecting the head-shaped inflorescence number of each cutting seedling, and determining the head-shaped inflorescence number of a single cutting seedling as the number of flowers falling by using the head-shaped inflorescence number of the single cutting seedling as-Xie Huaqi, wherein the flower falling rate = the number of flowers falling/the total number of head-shaped inflorescence numbers of the single cutting seedling is multiplied by 100%.
(5) The pollen is active. About 30 complete open inflorescences (containing flowering branches) are collected in the full-bloom stage of each treatment, placed in a dryer for 5 h, and the pollen is gently shaken off to an oil paper board, and the pollen vitality is measured by adopting a benzidine-methylnaphthol staining method. Percent pollen viability = number of stained pollen grains/total number of pollen grains detected x 100%.
(6) And (4) collecting the amount of the single plant. Cutting off each tray of cutting seedlings when the seeds are mature, placing the cutting seedlings in a plastic pot, naturally airing and maturing by 10d, and simultaneously recording the number of plants in each tray. Repeatedly kneading the branches until the seeds fall off, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, removing impurities, and recording the seed number. The individual harvest = number of harvests/number of plants per tray.
And (3) test results:
TABLE 1 rooting rate of pruning and cutting Artemisia annua in different pre-bud stages and variation of artemisinin content in different stages
TABLE 2 Water planting cuttage of Artemisia annua Miao Nongyi character under different nutrition schemes
As shown in Table 2, the conventional nutrient solution and the improved tobacco nutrient solution have no obvious difference on the cutting rooting rate of the sweet wormwood herb, and the rooting rate of the sweet wormwood herb cultured by clear water is slightly higher. Through analyzing the branch condition of the cutting seedlings and the mass accumulation condition of the overground part of dry matter, the conventional nutrient solution culture is more favorable for the vegetative growth of the sweet wormwood compared with the culture by clear water and improved tobacco nutrient solution. The improved tobacco nutrient solution is more beneficial to the reproductive growth of the cutting seedlings of the sweet wormwood herb, and has obvious better flower protection effect and more seed collection amount. In addition, 0.1% boric acid and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate are respectively sprayed in the bud stage and the flowering stage, so that the number of head-shaped inflorescences can be effectively increased, the number and the rate of flower falling are reduced, and the pollen activity and the seed yield are improved. Meanwhile, the test result also reflects that the fructification rate of the self-pollination of the sweet wormwood is extremely low without any treatment, and chemical control and other technologies are required to reduce the specific recognition capability of the stigma of the self-pollination of the sweet wormwood from the side.
Method for improving selfing setting rate by spraying sodium chloride
The sweet wormwood herb is strictly cross-pollinated crop, and self-pollination is seriously not fruitful (the seed setting rate is less than 1 per thousand). Research shows that the selfing and fructification rate of sweet wormwood of Compositae can be effectively improved by spraying 1% sodium chloride before flowering and bagging. However, researches show that the sodium chloride concentration, the spraying time, the spraying times and whether the boron fertilizer is added have great influence on the self-maturing rate of the sweet wormwood.
Design of experiments
Purple stalk strain (CDZ-3X) is adopted as a test material, pruning and cutting are carried out one month before budding, water culture is carried out in an intelligent greenhouse, and the management mode refers to 2.2. After 70d, artificial photoperiod induces flowering. Setting the concentration gradient of sodium chloride to be 0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0%; the spraying time is 10 a.m., 00, the spraying period is set to be once every day, once every 2 days, once every 3 days, and lasts for 12 days, and 0.1% boric acid and sodium chloride solution are added for mixed spraying in the test treatment. Spraying a proper amount of clear water to wash salt so as to avoid salt damage at 20:00 pm every day, and spraying with a handheld sprayer, wherein the spraying amount is preferably that the surface of a sample cutting Miao Huaxu is uniformly moistened (the stigma of the sweet wormwood herb in the female pollination period is twice cracked and extends out of the surface of an inflorescence), and the salt washing spraying amount can be slightly larger. Spraying clear water and 0.1% boric acid in corresponding amount and period as blank control (TCK); selecting purple stalk strains subjected to mixed insertion (1:1 interval cutting) of purple stalk strains (CDZ-3X) and green stalk strains (CDQ-3X), carrying out free cross pollination on the purple stalk strains without any treatment, and taking the average value of the single plant harvest amount of the purple stalk strains as the single plant harvest amount of a conventional control (TN). Every cutting disc (42 plants) is processed without repetition, different processing rooms are separated by a 70cm 40cm 100cm wooden frame, the top of the wooden frame is tightly covered by 600 meshes of gauze, and the periphery of the wooden frame is surrounded by a high-light-transmission plastic film (4 filaments). And (5) inspecting the different treatment combination yield.
Test results
As shown in table 3, the sodium chloride concentration has a great influence on the amount of harvested artemisia apiacea, when the sodium chloride concentration is below 3.0%, the amount of harvested artemisia apiacea is obviously increased along with the increase of the sodium chloride concentration, and after the concentration exceeds 3.0%, the amount of harvested artemisia apiacea is not obviously increased. The spraying period and the spraying times have great influence on the yield of the sweet wormwood herb, and under each sodium chloride concentration, the effect is best when the sweet wormwood herb is sprayed for 12 times in 1 time/d, and the yield is the maximum. Compared with CK treatment without sodium chloride spraying, sodium chloride spraying can obviously improve the yield, but is still lower than TN treatment of cross pollination.
It can be seen that under the test conditions, when the sweet wormwood is bloomed, 3.0% sodium chloride is sprayed to 10% per day, and the seed setting rate and the seed yield of the sweet wormwood can be obviously improved by continuously spraying 12d, and the salt damage phenomenon does not occur after the sweet wormwood is washed with clear water 20 per day.
TABLE 3 influence of different sodium chloride concentrations and spray modes on the amount of harvested cutting seedlings of Artemisia annua
2.4 Isolation device design
In order to ensure the isolation effect, improve the self-fertilization rate and the isolation efficiency of the sweet wormwood herb and simultaneously improve the hybridization matching efficiency of sweet wormwood herb parents, the invention designs a floating seedling device as shown in figure 1, wherein the floating seedling device is arranged in an intelligent greenhouse and mainly comprises an isolation incubator 1-4, a nutrient pool 2-1, a floating seedling tray 3-1 and a sprinkling irrigation system;
as shown in figure 2, the external diameter specification of a single isolation incubator is 0.75 m (long) x 0.45 m (wide) x 1.0 m (high), the isolation incubator framework 1-4-1 is assembled by adopting 20 mm x 20 mm square wood, the lower ends of four upright posts are extended by 5cm, and spray irrigation pipelines are conveniently laid. When in use, the periphery of the side edge is enclosed and blocked by 8 threads (0.08 mm) of high-transparency films 1-3 from the inner side, and the high-transparency films are uniformly fixed on four upright posts by using picture nails; the top end of the square timber is covered by 600-mesh gauze 1-1 after being placed into a floating disc and before flowering 5d, and is fixed on the square timber by a picture nail after being compacted by a plastic layering 1-2. A plurality of incubators can be made simultaneously according to the length of the square timber, can save timber and space.
As shown in figure 3, the standard of the nutrition pool 2-1 is 10.00 m (length) × 0.85 m (width) × 0.20 m (depth), a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged, and when the nutrition pool is used, a 10-wire (0.1 mm) thick film is covered on the nutrition pool, so that the nutrition liquid is prevented from losing.
As shown in FIG. 5, the outer dimensions of the floating seedling-raising tray 3-1 are 62.5 cm (length) × 37.5 cm (width) × 7.0 cm (height), and the single-hole dimensions are 4.3 cm (length) × 4.3 cm (width) × 6.5 cm (depth), and the interval is 0.05 cm. When in use, interlaced cuttage is adopted to avoid the deterioration of the groups caused by shading of the grown sweet wormwood plants.
As shown in figure 4, the sprinkling irrigation system consists of a charging basket 4-1, a water valve 4-2, a booster pump 4-4, a hose 4-3, a fixed pipeline 4-5 and a spray head 4-6. The power of the commercial booster pump is 300W, the maximum flow rate is 20L/min, and the maximum lift is 30 m; the spray head adopts a commercial adjustable bridgeless spray head.
When the southernwood inbred line is cultivated, according to the method 2.1, high-yield and high-content single plants are selected in a field, 30d before budding is pruned and inserted into a cultivation device of an intelligent greenhouse (5 d covered with a gauze before budding), the humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 60 and 85 percent, the temperature in the greenhouse in the daytime is between 25 and 28 ℃, and the temperature at night is between 15 and 16 ℃. The matrix formula of peat soil, fine river sand and coconut coir is 2; culturing with modified tobacco nutrient solution according to the method in 2.2; after the cuttage 20d, keeping the illumination duration 14 h (30-19), the illumination intensity 3000 Lx; adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8. 0.1 percent of boric acid and 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate are applied respectively in the bud period and the flowering period to improve the seed setting rate. According to the method in 2.3, 3.0% sodium chloride is sprayed at 10 per day for 10.00 of sweet wormwood blossoming, and the salt is washed by clear water at 20 per day for 12 d. According to the method, the isolation selfing of hundreds of germplasm materials can be realized at one time, the isolation efficiency is improved, the use amount of the germplasm materials can be ensured, and the loss of the germplasm materials is avoided.
When parent material hybridization combining ability detection is carried out, parents needing combining ability test are selected according to the method 2.1, 30d before budding are pruned and inserted into a culture device of an intelligent greenhouse (5 d covering gauze before flowering), the indoor humidity is kept to be 60% -85%, the temperature in the greenhouse is 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature at night is 15-16 ℃. The matrix formula of peat soil, fine river sand and coconut coir is 2; culturing with modified tobacco nutrient solution according to the method in 2.2; after the cuttage 20d, keeping the illumination duration 14 h (30-19), the illumination intensity 3000 Lx; adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8. According to the method, the combining ability test of hundreds of hybrid combinations can be realized at one time, and compared with the method developed in the field, the method can improve the combining ability detection efficiency of the hybrid parents and also strictly avoid the risk of pollen mixing.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the sweet wormwood self-bred line cultivation and hybrid parent combining ability detection efficiency by water culture cutting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when an artemisia apiacea inbred line is cultivated, high-yield and high-content single plants are selected in a field, 8-10 zxft 3562 at the top is cut from 28-30 zxft 3425 before budding, the plants are cut in a culture device of an intelligent greenhouse and are cultured by adopting improved tobacco nutrient solution, after 20d is cut, the illumination time length is 14 h (30-19); adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8-17), light intensity 3000 Lx, dark treatment duration 15 h (17-8), complete shading to induce flowering, additional application of 0.1% boric acid and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate to increase seed set rate at bud and flowering stages, respectively;
spraying 3.0% sodium chloride at 10% per day when the sweet wormwood blooms, washing salt with clear water at 20% per day, and continuously spraying 12 d;
when parent material hybridization combining ability detection is carried out, parents needing combining ability test are selected, 8-10 cm at the top is cut from 28-30 d before budding, the parents are inserted into a culture device of an intelligent greenhouse and cultured by improved tobacco nutrient solution; after the cuttage 20d, keeping the illumination duration 14 h (30-19), the illumination intensity 3000 Lx; adjusting the photoperiod after cutting 70d as follows: light duration 9 h (8;
the formula of the improved tobacco nutrient solution comprises: macroelements: potassium nitrate 600 mg/L, calcium nitrate 600 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 600 mg/L, ammonium phosphate 400 mg/L, potassium sulfate 400 mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 mg/L; trace elements: disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 20 mg/L, ferrous sulfate 10 mg/L, boric acid 10 mg/L, manganese sulfate 4 mg/L, zinc sulfate 1 mg/L and copper sulfate 0.2 mg/L; and adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to 6.5-6.8 by using 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 0.1 mol/L sulfuric acid.
2. The method for improving the efficiency of cultivating the sweet wormwood inbred line and detecting the combining ability of the hybrid parents by using water culture cutting as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: selecting high-yield single plants in a field preferably, sampling 30d before budding, quickly detecting the artemisinin content by an ultraviolet method, and selecting high-yield high-content sweet wormwood breeding materials.
3. The method for improving the efficiency of cultivating the sweet wormwood inbred line and detecting the combining ability of the hybrid parents by using water culture cutting as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture device adopts a floating seedling culture device and consists of a plurality of isolated culture boxes, a nutrient pond, a floating seedling culture disc and a sprinkling irrigation system.
4. The method for improving the efficiency of cultivating the self-bred sweet wormwood line and detecting the combining ability of the hybridized parents by water planting cuttage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the external diameter specification of a single isolation incubator is 0.75 m multiplied by 0.45 m multiplied by 1.0 m, the framework of the isolation incubator is assembled by 20 mm multiplied by 20 mm square wood, the lower ends of four upright posts are extended by 5cm, sprinkling irrigation pipelines are conveniently paved, when the isolation incubator is used, 8-wire high-light-transmission films are used for surrounding and blocking the periphery of the side edge from the inner side, and the isolation incubator is uniformly fixed on the four upright posts by using staples; the top end of the floating plate is covered with 600-mesh gauze 5d before blooming after being placed in the floating plate, and the top end of the floating plate is fixed on a square timber with a picture nail after being compacted by a plastic layering.
5. The method for improving the efficiency of cultivating the sweet wormwood inbred line and detecting the combining ability of the hybrid parents by using water culture cutting as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the specification of the nutrient pool is 10.00 m multiplied by 0.85 m multiplied by 0.20 m, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged, a 10-silk-thick film is covered on the nutrient pool when the nutrient pool is used, and the loss of nutrient solution is avoided.
6. The method for improving the efficiency of cultivating the self-bred sweet wormwood line and detecting the combining ability of the hybridized parents by water planting cuttage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the outer dimension specification of the floating seedling raising tray is 62.5 cm multiplied by 37.5 cm multiplied by 7.0 cm, the single-hole dimension is 4.3 cm multiplied by 4.3 cm multiplied by 6.5 cm, the distance is 0.05 cm, and when the floating seedling raising tray is used, in order to avoid the situation that the sweet wormwood plants are shaded mutually to cause the group deterioration after growing up, the interlaced cuttage is adopted.
7. The method for improving the efficiency of cultivating the sweet wormwood inbred line and detecting the combining ability of the hybrid parents by using water culture cutting as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the sprinkling irrigation system consists of a charging basket, a water valve, a booster pump, a hose, a fixed pipeline and a spray head.
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