CN114763875A - 制造中空体的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种制造用于储存气体的中空体的方法,其中中空体包括至少一个具有突起(2)的凸台部分(1),其中中空体通过吹塑制成,其中凸台部分(1)至少在突起(2)的区域中用塑料或反应性材料包覆作为护套(3),并且被加热,然后被加热的包覆的凸台部分(1)被引入吹塑模具(4)中并且被塑料管(5)包围以形成中空体,然后使塑料管(5)与凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)永久接触,结果是塑料管(5)的塑料永久地材料连接到护套(3)的塑料或反应性材料上,其中塑料管(5)的塑料通过施加内部压力而被赋予其中空体的最终形状。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造用于储存气体的中空体的方法。
背景技术
众所周知,用于储存气体的中空体,其特别可以形成高压容器,例如用于储存作为机动车辆燃料的氢气,可以由称为“衬里”的内层和围绕衬里的纤维材料缠绕构成。
使用吹塑和热成型技术生产容器是已知的。然后,生产以形成管状或片状半成品为基础。这些通过真空和/或过压而被赋予其最终形状。例如,可以生产两个半壳,它们连接在一起以形成容器。
对于用于第四类容器(其用于加压储存气体)的气密衬里的情况,有两种常见的生产方法。一方面是整个衬里的吹塑,而另一方面是通过注射成型和挤压生产容器各段的方法,以及随后通过连接方法连接这些部件。
该工艺中使用的材料大多基于HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)或聚酰胺。
衬里材料的重要区别特征是机械低温特性以及散发特性。单层材料比如聚酰胺对气体具有良好的阻隔性能,但不具有最佳的低温性能。另一方面,HDPE没有合适的阻隔效果,但具有非常好的低温性能。
因此,目前主要是聚酰胺被专门用于氢气领域。然而,这就限制了部件尺寸,特别是对于吹塑技术。此外,由于添加剂的广泛使用,当在低温下使用时,可用的合适等级既昂贵又有问题。
高压气体容器在运行(填充、储存和排空)过程中会受到较大的温度波动。这就对材料尤其是衬里提出了很高的要求。
与复合材料的轻质构造和使用相关,在这种情况下,挑战在于在接合处以气密方式将不同材料彼此连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是规定一种制造用于储存气体的中空体的方法,该方法可以简单廉价的方式进行,并且可以满足高压容器的密封性和渗透性的要求。
该目的通过一种制造用于储存气体的中空体的方法来实现,其中中空体包括至少一个具有突起的凸台部分,其中中空体通过吹塑制成,其中凸台部分至少在突起的区域中用塑料或反应性材料包覆作为护套,并且被加热,然后被加热的包覆的凸台部分被引入吹塑模具中并且被塑料管包围以形成中空体,然后使塑料管与凸台部分的突起上的护套永久接触,结果是塑料管的塑料永久地材料连接到护套的塑料或反应性材料上,其中塑料管的塑料通过施加内部压力而被赋予其中空体的最终形状。
根据本发明,可以优选由金属构成的凸台部分以密封的方式结合到形成容器壁的塑料中,特别是结合到容器的“衬里”中,因为凸台部分覆盖有合适的塑料材料或反应性材料,被包覆成型并因此被包覆,并且例如甚至在连接到容器壁之前被加热。凸台部分的温或热塑料或反应性材料可以与形成容器壁的塑料形成良好的材料连接。为此,使塑料管与凸台部分的突起上的包覆塑料或反应性材料永久接触,例如被压在一起。凸台部分与容器衬里的这种连接可以确保关于不希望的气体泄漏的高密封性,优选地也是不渗透性,并且仍可以简单廉价的方式生产。
在本文中,“反应性材料”是一种至少在其被加热后能够与形成中空体的塑料管的塑料形成材料连接的材料。例如,反应性材料或包覆塑料可以是涂层的形式。
所生产的中空体优选具有基本圆柱形形状。“突起”优选是凸台部分的轴向部分,其直径大于凸台部分的其他轴向部分,并且优选大致垂直于凸台部分的纵向轴线和/或所生产的容器的纵向轴线延伸。
使塑料管优选地至少在远离容器内部的凸台部分的突起的外侧与护套永久接触。
通过凸台部分相对于吹塑模具的轴向提升运动,可以使塑料管与凸台部分的突起上的护套永久接触。
使塑料管优选地与凸台部分的突起上的护套永久接触,以使得凸台部分的突起相对于吹塑模具达到限定的接近度,也就是说被移动或挤压得如此之近,以至于两种塑料或材料即一方面是凸台部分而另一方面是容器壁被压在一起达到期望的程度。
通过包覆成型凸台部分,凸台部分可以通过护套被包覆。一般来说,护套可以通过涂覆来实现。包覆、涂覆和/或包覆成型可以发生在突起的至少一个区域中,优选地在凸台部分的突起的外侧的至少一个区域中。
凸台部分优选地具有为护套的粘附而制备的表面,特别是多孔表面。
优选地,在包覆的凸台部分已被引入吹塑模具中并且凸台部分已被塑料管包围以形成中空体之后,吹塑模具被关闭,特别是两个半模可被关闭,其中使塑料管优选地已经通过吹塑模具的关闭而至少部分地和/或至少暂时地、可选地也永久地与凸台部分的突起上的护套接触。
可以在使塑料管已经与凸台部分的突起上的护套永久接触之后执行施加内部压力以赋予塑料管的塑料其中空体的最终形状。可替代地或另外,可以甚至在使塑料管已经与凸台部分的突起上的护套永久接触之前执行施加内部压力以赋予塑料管的塑料其中空体的最终形状。
吹塑模具优选地包括两个半模和吹塑心轴,其中包覆的凸台部分安装在吹塑模具的吹塑心轴上,并且塑料管被挤压在半模之间并且围绕吹塑心轴以便包围凸台部分。
塑料管优选地由不可渗透的多层塑料构成,并且优选地包括至少一个气体阻挡层,例如碳氢化合物。
塑料管的塑料可以优选包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。
在施加内部压力以赋予塑料管的塑料其中空体的最终形状之后,中空体的塑料优选地用纤维复合材料包裹,以赋予容器高机械强度。纤维复合材料可以优选包含碳纤维、玻璃纤维和/或环氧树脂。
附图说明
下面参考附图通过示例描述本发明。
图1是根据本发明的用于生产中空体的方法中的第一方法步骤的示意性截面图。
图2是根据本发明的用于生产中空体的方法中的第二方法步骤的示意性截面图。
图3是根据本发明的用于生产中空体的方法中的第三方法步骤的示意性截面图。
图4是根据本发明的用于生产中空体的方法中的第四方法步骤的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
图1-4按照从图1到图4的时间顺序示出了根据本发明的用于生产中空体的方法的步骤。在本文中,包覆塑料的使用被描述为护套。然而,也可以使用反应层作为护套。
图1示出了如何将加热的***部分即凸台部分1紧固到吹塑模具4的吹塑心轴6上并且手动或通过合适的自动装置将其放置到位,在凸台部分1的脚端处具有面向后续容器内部的突起2,凸台部分1在突起2的区域中通过塑料被包覆作为护套3。
除了中心吹塑心轴6之外,吹塑模具4还包括两个半模,其形成用于成型中空体的半模。在图1中,半模最初处于打开位置。塑料管5被排出,特别是被挤出到打开的吹塑模具4中。
图2示出吹塑模具4的半模已被关闭。这里,塑料管5已经大致抵靠在凸台部分1的外轮廓上,特别是抵靠在凸台部分1的上部区域中的突起2的外侧。使塑料管5至少部分地和/或至少暂时地或者甚至已经永久地与凸台部分1的突起2上的包覆塑料3接触。
在下一步骤,如图3所示,塑料管5的塑料可以通过吹塑压靠在封闭的吹塑模具4的形状上,以便使后者已经—至少近似地—变成所需中空体的形状。在该过程中,塑料管5的塑料可能至少部分地再次从凸台部分1的突起2上的包覆塑料3上脱离。
如图4所示,凸台部分1特别是塑料包覆成型件3和塑料管5通过凸台部分1相对于外模具也就是说相对于吹塑模具4的半模的竖直行程而在突起2的外侧被压缩到限定的横截面。在该过程中,在凸台部分1的包覆成型件3和压缩区域中的管5之间产生永久的材料连接。
在凸台部分1的上部区域已经进行压缩和焊接之后,通过施加内部压力来赋予衬套也就是说塑料管5其最终形状。
图3中所述的步骤也可以省略,使得向塑料管5施加内部压力以使后者具有所需中空体的形状只发生一次,即在将包覆凸台部分1的塑料3与塑料管5压在一起之后。可替代地,施加内部压力也可以在甚至例如压制之前开始,并且塑料3、5压在一起可以在施加内部压力期间进行,也就是说例如在吹塑期间。
附图标记列表
1 凸台部分
2 突起
3 护套(塑料或反应性材料)
4 吹塑模具
5 塑料管
6 吹塑芯轴
Claims (10)
1.一种制造用于储存气体的中空体的方法,其中,中空体包括至少一个具有突起(2)的凸台部分(1),其中,中空体通过吹塑制成,
其特征在于,凸台部分(1)至少在突起(2)的区域中用塑料或反应性材料包覆作为护套(3),并且被加热,然后被加热的包覆的凸台部分(1)被引入吹塑模具(4)中并且被塑料管(5)包围以形成中空体,然后使塑料管(5)与凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)永久接触,结果是塑料管(5)的塑料永久地材料连接到护套(3)的塑料或反应性材料上,其中塑料管(5)的塑料通过施加内部压力而被赋予其中空体的最终形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,使所述塑料管(5)至少在背向容器内部的凸台部分(1)的突起(2)的外侧与所述护套(3)永久接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,通过所述凸台部分(1)相对于所述吹塑模具(4)的轴向提升运动,使所述塑料管(5)与凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)永久接触。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,使所述塑料管(5)与所述凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)永久接触,以使得凸台部分(1)的突起(2)相对于所述吹塑模具(4)达到限定的接近度,结果是塑料管(5)的塑料与护套(3)的塑料或反应性材料压在一起。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,通过包覆成型所述凸台部分(1),凸台部分(1)至少在所述突起(2)的区域中被所述护套(3)包覆,其中凸台部分(1)优选地具有为护套(3)的粘附而制备的表面,特别是多孔表面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,在包覆的凸台部分(1)已被引入所述吹塑模具(4)中并且凸台部分(1)已被所述塑料管(5)包围以形成中空体之后,吹塑模具(4)被关闭,其中使塑料管(5)优选地已经通过吹塑模具(4)的关闭而至少部分地和/或至少暂时地与凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)接触。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,在使所述塑料管(5)已经与所述凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)永久接触之后和/或在使塑料管(5)已经与凸台部分(1)的突起(2)上的护套(3)永久接触之前,执行施加内部压力以赋予塑料管(5)的塑料其中空体的最终形状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,所述吹塑模具(4)包括两个半模和吹塑心轴(6),其中,包覆的凸台部分(1)安装在吹塑模具(4)的吹塑心轴(6)上,并且所述塑料管(5)被挤压在所述半模(4)之间并且围绕吹塑心轴(6)以便包围凸台部分(1)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,所述塑料管(5)由不可渗透的多层塑料形成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,在施加内部压力以赋予塑料管(5)的塑料其中空体的最终形状之后,中空体的塑料被纤维复合材料包裹。
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