CN114755714B - Dynamic measurement device and measurement method for fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake - Google Patents
Dynamic measurement device and measurement method for fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake Download PDFInfo
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- CN114755714B CN114755714B CN202210430951.7A CN202210430951A CN114755714B CN 114755714 B CN114755714 B CN 114755714B CN 202210430951 A CN202210430951 A CN 202210430951A CN 114755714 B CN114755714 B CN 114755714B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic measurement device and a measurement method for a fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake, which are characterized in that a PVDF pressure sensor is subjected to waterproof packaging by using PMMA material, the packaged PVDF pressure sensor is subjected to dynamic calibration by using a calibration device, the calibrated measurement device is embedded in a laboratory fault model, the pressure field change and the fluid diffusion displacement field change in the fluid diffusion process in a water injection induced earthquake experiment are directly measured, the decoupling measurement of the fluid pressure diffusion field and the fault displacement field is realized, the action relationship of fluid diffusion and fracture propagation under different water injection conditions in the induced earthquake process can be further researched, and a new way is provided for controlling the induced earthquake method research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical tectonic physics, in particular to a dynamic measuring device and a dynamic measuring method for a fluid diffusion field in an induced earthquake.
Background
Along with the frequent development of industrial activities, water injection-induced seismic phenomena are receiving more and more attention from researchers. It has been observed that most induced seismic events are similar in time and space to the injection events, but there are also areas where the injection events have ceased for a long time while nearby seismic events continue (Keranen at, 2013); and also some induced seismic source depths are quite far from the injection depth (Eaton et al, 2018, mahani at al, 2019). For this reason, many conceptual models have been proposed to explain the complex phenomena of seismic activity migration and delayed activation, and can be mainly classified into three categories: the water injection causes the pore water pressure of the fault surrounding rock to change, the injection pressure directly acts on the fault surface, and the injection causes the earthquake to be induced after the fault slowly slips. The diffusion process of the visible fluid directly controls the origin of the induced earthquake, but at present, further research is still needed on the action mechanism of the induced earthquake fluid.
The method is characterized in that the occurrence mechanism of the induced earthquake needs to be determined, the relation between fluid diffusion and fracture propagation needs to be researched, the diffusion process and the influence of injected fluid are difficult to deeply analyze in the in-situ observation research of the induced earthquake due to the immigibility of the earth, and compared with the observation and in-situ observation research, the water injection induced earthquake experiment in a laboratory has higher controllability. The existing experiments at present mainly comprise direct shear water injection experiments, double-shaft water injection experiments and triaxial water injection experiments. In the prior art, a direct injection experiment is carried out by using a double-shaft direct shear loading device, and the direct injection experiment proves how the increase of the fluid pressure induces the stick-slip event. Compared with the test method, the biaxial/triaxial test is more consistent with the on-site construction loading condition. Therefore, biaxial/triaxial injection experiments are widely used in induced seismic research. At present, the fluid diffusion process of induced earthquake still stays at the layer of single-hole monitoring, model inversion and indirect monitoring, for example, in a double-shaft induced earthquake experiment in the prior art, a contrast test method is adopted, a contact pressure sensor is utilized to measure the diffusion condition of fluid injected under the condition of normal stress loading only, and the problem of induced earthquake after the fluid is injected at the same flow speed under the condition of simultaneous loading of shear stress and normal stress is analyzed; in addition, in a triaxial injection experiment, the diffusion process of the fluid on the fault plane is inverted by adopting a Markov-Monte Carlo method through the pressure change of a single injection hole and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole; and a four-parameter diffusion model is established by utilizing the change condition of the injection pressure to calculate the diffusion process of the fluid in the French LSBB in-situ injection experiment, and the slip of the fault is found to be far beyond the diffusion range of the fluid by comparing the activation condition of the fault. No matter which experimental mode is adopted, the method cannot directly measure the fluid diffusion while inducing the earthquake fracture process, realize the real decoupling analysis of the fluid diffusion field and the earthquake fracture, and further research the mechanism of inducing the action of the earthquake fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for dynamically monitoring fluid diffusion pressure and displacement field, aiming at solving the key problems that the traditional earthquake experiment method can not directly measure the fluid diffusion stress field and can not further decouple and analyze the induced earthquake rupture stress field and the fluid diffusion stress field, and the direct measurement of the fluid diffusion stress field in the experiment of inducing earthquake by injecting water in a laboratory is realized. The method is mainly applied to induced seismic experiment research, and is used for analyzing the influence of fluid pressure field change on an induced seismic fault activation mode and quantitatively analyzing a fluid diffusion position and a seismic fracture position, so that the technical blank of directly measuring the fluid diffusion field in an induced seismic experiment is filled.
The dynamic measuring device for the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake comprises a monitoring device and a calibration device, wherein the monitoring device comprises a PVDF film pressure sensor wrapped and fixed by a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) packaging shell, and a sealing ring is fixed on a communication hole in the PMMA packaging shell;
the calibration device comprises a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator, a groove is arranged in the right middle position of the surface of the PMMA calibrator, a monitoring device and a cushion block are arranged in the groove, the front end of the groove is connected with the joint hole, and the rear end of the groove is connected with the adjusting screw; the communication hole of the PMMA packaging shell faces the connector hole.
The invention also provides a dynamic measurement method for the induced seismic fluid diffusion field, which adopts the dynamic measurement device for the induced seismic fluid diffusion field and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing a fault model with a monitoring cavity and multipoint distributed monitoring holes, and manufacturing a monitoring device and a calibration device;
step two: installing a calibration device;
step three: calibrating the monitoring device;
step four: installing a monitoring device and carrying out an induced earthquake experiment;
step five: and processing the data to obtain the fluid diffusion process.
The processing and manufacturing method in the first step is as follows: processing multipoint distributed monitoring holes on a fault plane of a fault model upper disc, and processing monitoring cavities at positions 20mm away from the fault plane on the fault model upper disc for placing monitoring devices to ensure that communication holes on each monitoring device correspond to the multipoint distributed monitoring holes; the intercommunicating pore corresponds to the PVDF film pressure sensor, and the sealing ring is fixed on the intercommunicating pore to prevent water leakage during experiment and calibration; a groove is formed in the middle of one surface of a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator of the calibration device, a monitoring device and a cushion block are placed in the groove, the rear end of the groove is connected with an adjusting screw, the adjusting screw plays a role of a counterforce wall, fixes and bears jacking force, and the front end of the adjusting screw is connected with a joint hole.
The installation calibration device and the calibration method in the second and third steps are as follows: placing the monitoring device in a groove in a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator, enabling one surface with a sealing ring to face a joint hole, connecting the other surface with an adjusting screw through a cushion block, screwing the adjusting screw to enable the adjusting screw to be assisted to fix and clamp the monitoring device, connecting a water injection pump and a high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor with the joint hole, and connecting the monitoring device with an amplifying circuit and a display instrument; the injection pump is set to gradually inject water into the joint hole, the output quantity of the injection pump pressure source and the output quantity of the monitoring device are recorded in real time, the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device are processed and compared to obtain a corresponding relation curve of the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device, a calibration coefficient in a dynamic measurement range is determined, and calibration is completed.
The arrangement, water injection induced seismic experiment and data processing processes in the fourth step and the fifth step are as follows: and installing a monitoring device, carrying out an induced earthquake experiment, and placing the monitoring device with a sealing ring into a monitoring cavity on a fault of the fault model, so that a communication hole and the sealing ring on the monitoring device are aligned with the center of the multipoint distributed monitoring hole. Carrying out induced seismic experiments after the lines are connected, and simultaneously recording fluid diffusion monitoring data; substituting the data into the relational expression obtained by calibration in the second step to obtain the water pressure; and obtaining the fluid diffusion speed according to the difference between the distance between the two multipoint distributed monitoring holes and the monitoring starting time of the two holes.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for dynamically monitoring the fluid diffusion pressure and the displacement field have the following beneficial effects: the film pressure sensor monitors the fluid diffusion process, belongs to direct measurement, and is more accurate and economic; the device and the method can monitor the water pressure change and the displacement field change which induce the seismic fluid diffusion, and further research the action relation between the fluid diffusion and the fracture propagation in the induced earthquake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fluid diffusion monitoring structure in a fault model according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a fluid diffusion monitoring apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a calibration apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a calibration curve for a water injection rate of 2ml/min according to an example;
FIG. 5 is a calibration curve for a water injection rate of 0.02ml/min as described in the examples;
FIG. 6 is a calibration graph according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in figures 1-2, the monitoring device of the device for dynamically measuring the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake comprises a PVDF film pressure sensor 3, a PMMA packaging shell 4 used for wrapping and fixing the PVDF film pressure sensor 3, and a sealing ring 6 fixed on a communication hole 5 in the PMMA packaging shell 4 by AB glue.
As shown in fig. 3, the main body of the calibration device of the present invention is a PMMA calibrator 7, a groove is arranged at the right middle position of one surface of the PMMA calibrator 7, the monitoring device and the cushion block 9 shown in fig. 2 are placed in the groove, the front end of the groove is connected with the joint hole 8, and the rear end of the groove is connected with the adjusting screw.
The invention relates to a dynamic measurement method for a fluid diffusion field in an induced earthquake, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing a fault model with a monitoring cavity 1 and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole 2 shown in fig. 1, and manufacturing a monitoring device shown in fig. 2 and a calibration device shown in fig. 3:
as shown in fig. 1, two groups of distributed multi-point distributed monitoring holes 2 with phi 1mm are processed at the position 35mm away from the central line on the fault surface of the fault upper disc on the fault model, the distance between the two holes in each group is 10mm, and two 58mm 25mm 6mm monitoring cavities 1 are processed at the position 20mm away from the fault surface on the fault upper disc on the fault model for placing the monitoring devices shown in fig. 2, so that the communication holes 5 on each monitoring device correspond to the multi-point distributed monitoring holes 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the main component of the monitoring device is a PVDF film pressure sensor 3, which is wrapped with a 25mm × 15mm × 5mm PMMA enclosure 4, so as to stably fix the PVDF film pressure sensor 3 in the monitoring chamber 1 on the fault, the PMMA enclosure 4 is provided with a communicating hole 5 with a diameter of Φ 1.5mm, which ensures that the communicating hole 5 corresponds to the PVDF film pressure sensor 3, and an epoxy resin AB glue is used to fix a sealing ring 6 on the communicating hole 5, so as to prevent water leakage during experiments and calibration from affecting the accuracy of the monitoring result.
As shown in fig. 3, the main foundation of the calibration device is 80mm by 50mm by pmma calibrator 7, 30mm by 22mm by 14mm groove is arranged in the center of one side of pmma calibrator 7, the monitoring device and spacer 9 shown in fig. 2 are placed in the groove to prevent the surface of the monitoring device from being damaged by the adjusting screw, one end of the groove is connected with the adjusting screw, the adjusting screw plays a role similar to a counterforce wall, fixes and bears the jacking force, and the other end is connected with joint hole 8.
Step two: installing a calibration device:
the monitoring device shown in the figure 2 is placed in a groove in a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator 7, one surface with a sealing ring 6 faces a joint hole 8, the other surface is connected with an adjusting screw through a cushion block 9, the adjusting screw 10 is screwed down to be assisted in fixing and clamping the monitoring device, the joint hole 8 is connected with an injection pump, and the monitoring device is connected with an amplifying circuit and a display instrument.
Step three: calibrating the monitoring device:
the water is gradually injected into the joint hole 8 by setting a water injection pump, the output quantity of the high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor and the output quantity of the monitoring device are recorded in real time, the high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor and the monitoring device are processed and compared to obtain a corresponding relation curve of the high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor and the monitoring device shown in the figure 4, a calibration coefficient in a dynamic measurement range is determined, and calibration is completed.
Step four: installing a monitoring device and carrying out induced seismic experiments:
the monitoring device with the sealing ring 6 shown in figure 2 is placed in the monitoring cavity 1 on the fault shown in figure 1, and the communication hole 5 and the sealing ring 6 on the monitoring device are aligned with the center of the multipoint distributed monitoring hole 2. And (4) carrying out induced seismic experiments after the lines are connected, and simultaneously recording fluid diffusion monitoring data.
Step five: processing the data to obtain a fluid diffusion process:
and substituting the data into the relational expression obtained by calibration in the step two to obtain the water pressure.
Claims (3)
1. The dynamic measurement method of the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake is characterized in that a dynamic measurement device of the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake is adopted, the device comprises a monitoring device and a calibration device, wherein the monitoring device comprises a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) packaging shell (4) which is wrapped and fixed with a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film pressure sensor (3), and a sealing ring (6) is fixed on a communication hole (5) in the PMMA packaging shell (4);
the calibration device comprises a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator (7), a groove is arranged in the middle of the surface of the PMMA calibrator (7), a monitoring device and a cushion block (9) are arranged in the groove, the front end of the groove is connected with a joint hole (8), and the rear end of the groove is connected with an adjusting screw (10); the communication hole (5) of the PMMA packaging shell (4) faces the joint hole (8);
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing a fault model with a monitoring cavity (1) and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole (2), and manufacturing a monitoring device and a calibration device;
the processing and manufacturing method in the first step is as follows: processing multi-point distributed monitoring holes (2) on a fault plane of a fault model upper disc, and processing a monitoring cavity (1) at a position 20mm away from the fault plane on the fault model upper disc for placing monitoring devices to ensure that a communication hole (5) on each monitoring device corresponds to the multi-point distributed monitoring holes (2); the communicating hole (5) corresponds to the PVDF film pressure sensor (3), and the sealing ring (6) is fixed on the communicating hole (5) to prevent water leakage during experiment and calibration; a groove is formed in the middle of one surface of a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator (7) of the calibration device, a monitoring device and a cushion block (9) are placed in the groove, the rear end of the groove is connected with an adjusting screw (10), the adjusting screw (10) plays a role of a counterforce wall, fixes and bears a jacking force, and the front end of the adjusting screw is connected with a joint hole (8);
step two: installing a calibration device;
step three: calibrating the monitoring device;
step four: installing a monitoring device and carrying out an induced earthquake experiment;
step five: and processing the data to obtain the fluid diffusion process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the installation calibration device and the calibration method in the second and third steps are as follows: placing the monitoring device in a groove in a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator (7), enabling one surface with a sealing ring (6) to face a joint hole (8), connecting the other surface with an adjusting screw (10) through a cushion block (9), screwing the adjusting screw (10) to assist in fixing and clamping the monitoring device, connecting a water injection pump and a high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor with the joint hole (8), and connecting an amplifying circuit and a display instrument with the monitoring device; the injection pump is set to gradually inject water into the joint hole (8), the output quantity of the injection pump pressure source and the output quantity of the monitoring device are recorded in real time, the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device are processed and compared to obtain a corresponding relation curve of the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device, a calibration coefficient in a dynamic measurement range is determined, and calibration is completed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the process of arranging, carrying out water injection induced seismic experiment and processing data in the fourth step and the fifth step is as follows: installing a monitoring device and carrying out an induced earthquake experiment, placing the monitoring device with a sealing ring (6) into a monitoring cavity (1) on a fault of a fault model, and aligning a communication hole (5) and the sealing ring (6) on the monitoring device with the center of a multipoint distributed monitoring hole (2); carrying out induced seismic experiments after the lines are connected, and simultaneously recording fluid diffusion monitoring data; substituting the data into the relational expression obtained by calibration in the second step to obtain the water pressure; and obtaining the fluid diffusion speed according to the difference between the distance between the two multi-point distributed monitoring holes (2) and the monitoring starting time of the two holes.
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| EP1946129B1 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2018-06-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Continuous reservoir monitoring for fluid pathways using 3d microseismic data |
| FR2951555B1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-11-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR INTERPRETING REPEATING SEISMIC RECORDINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SEISMIC FREQUENCY BAND IN EVALUATING PORE PRESSURES |
| CN102628716B (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method and device for testing geo-stress in deep soft rock based on flow stress restoration principle |
| CN108827578A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-11-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of the key roof block inbreak experimental rig and method of two-way quiet dynamic load |
| CN109630011B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-02-11 | 重庆科技学院 | Method for preventing earthquake induced by water injection operation |
| CN112393689A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-23 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for monitoring damage dynamic height of overburden rock during underground coal seam mining |
| CN112461668B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉大学 | Test method for researching hydraulic fracturing induced fault activation |
| CN113376684B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-04-15 | 天津大学 | Experimental method for researching water injection induced earthquake fault fracture process |
| CN114005347B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-08-23 | 天津大学 | Experimental device and method for researching earthquake dynamic triggering |
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