CN114753242B - Bridge beam falling prevention device with buffering effect - Google Patents
Bridge beam falling prevention device with buffering effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN114753242B CN114753242B CN202210491513.1A CN202210491513A CN114753242B CN 114753242 B CN114753242 B CN 114753242B CN 202210491513 A CN202210491513 A CN 202210491513A CN 114753242 B CN114753242 B CN 114753242B
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
- E01D19/042—Mechanical bearings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bridge anti-falling beam device with a buffering effect, which comprises an upper device, wherein the upper device of an arc section is fixedly connected with the bottom end of a beam body; the lower device of the arc section is fixedly connected with the top end of the bent cap; the upper device of the arc section and the lower device of the arc section are arranged up and down correspondingly, the outer diameter of the lower device of the arc section is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and a vertical gap and a horizontal gap are reserved between the bottom end of the upper device of the arc section and the top end of the lower device of the arc section. The device can be effective in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. During operation, the upper device moves on the lower device, so that the collision effect is applied to the capping beam or the bridge abutment in a smooth gradual change mode, and the structural damage caused by huge impact force caused by instantaneous collision is avoided. During collision, the upper device can generate certain plastic deformation, so that the device has certain energy consumption capability. The device is a sacrificial structure which is easy to replace and can protect other structures of the bridge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge anti-seismic technology and reinforcing method, and particularly relates to a bridge anti-falling device with a buffering effect.
Background
The bridge body of the bridge is composed of a plurality of box girders or T girders, the girder body is directly placed on a plate type rubber support, and the support and the girder body or a cover girder have no connection measures. Under the action of earthquake, larger relative sliding occurs between the beam body and the support, and the risk of beam falling is easily caused. In order to avoid falling beams, common constructional measures include arranging a limiting device and a beam connecting device in the longitudinal bridge direction; in the transverse bridge direction, reinforced concrete block anti-falling beam stop blocks are generally arranged on two sides of a bridge pier capping beam or two sides of a bridge abutment cap. However, under the action of an earthquake, the stop block directly collides with the main beam to cause huge impact force, so that the stop block is often subjected to inclined section shearing damage, and even irreparable damage to the capping beam and the bridge abutment is likely to be caused. In addition, the construction measures are difficult to repair and replace once damaged under the action of an earthquake, and the time and resources required by post-earthquake repair are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bridge anti-falling beam device with a buffering effect, which takes effect in the transverse bridge direction and the longitudinal bridge direction simultaneously, so that the collision effect is applied to a capping beam or a bridge abutment in a stable gradual change mode, the structural damage caused by huge impact force caused by instant collision is avoided, and other limit structures of a bridge are protected.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: a bridge beam falling prevention device with buffering effect comprises
The upper device is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the beam body;
the lower device is fixedly connected with the top end of the bent cap;
The upper device and the lower device are arranged up and down correspondingly, the outer diameter of the lower device is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and a vertical gap and a horizontal gap are reserved between the bottom end of the upper device and the top end of the lower device.
Preferably, the upper device comprises an upper connecting steel plate, the upper connecting steel plate is detachably connected with the beam body through an upper connecting bolt, a sleeve is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the upper connecting steel plate, the upper end of the lower device is positioned inside the sleeve, and a vertical gap is reserved between the upper end of the lower device and the bottom end of the upper connecting steel plate and between the bottom end of the lower device and the bottom end of the sleeve.
Preferably, the lower device comprises a lower connecting steel plate, the lower connecting steel plate is detachably connected with the bent cap through a lower connecting bolt, a buffer part is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower connecting steel plate, the outer diameter of the buffer part is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the upper end of the buffer part is positioned inside the sleeve, and a vertical gap is reserved between the upper end of the buffer part and the bottom end of the upper connecting steel plate and between the bottom end of the buffer part and the bottom end of the sleeve.
Preferably, the buffer part comprises a transverse bridge-direction curve slideway, wherein the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower connecting steel plate, the two ends of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway are provided with arc sections, the bottom end of each arc section is fixedly connected with a horizontal section, the top end of each arc section is fixedly connected with a vertical section, two sides of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway are respectively and fixedly connected with a longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway and two longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideways, the two longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideways are respectively positioned on two sides of the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway, and the bottom end of the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower connecting steel plate.
Preferably, the lateral wall of the first curved slideway of the longitudinal bridge is provided with an arc section, the bottom end fixedly connected with horizontal section of the arc section, the top end fixedly connected with vertical section of the arc section, the lateral wall of the second curved slideway of the longitudinal bridge is provided with an arc section, and the bottom end fixedly connected with horizontal section of the arc section.
Preferably, the bottom end of the sleeve is located above the horizontal section of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway, the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway, and the arc sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway, the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway and the vertical section are located inside the sleeve.
Preferably, the transverse bridge direction curve slideway is formed by processing a transverse bridge direction steel plate, and the longitudinal bridge direction first curve slideway and the longitudinal bridge direction second curve slideway are formed by processing a longitudinal bridge direction steel plate.
Preferably, the arc sections of the transverse bridge direction curve slideway, the longitudinal bridge direction first curve slideway and the longitudinal bridge direction second curve slideway are elliptic curves, the maximum elevation angle of the elliptic curves is theta, and the calculation formula of the maximum elevation angle is theta is that
Wherein alpha is the maximum acceleration of the beam body, g is the gravitational acceleration, and mu is the dynamic friction coefficient of steel materials.
Preferably, a horizontal gap delta 1 is reserved between the bottom end of the sleeve and the bottom ends of the arc-shaped sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway, the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway, so as to satisfy delta 1 & gtdelta L, wherein delta L is the longitudinal deformation of the main beam under the action of temperature, and the calculation formula of delta L is that
ΔL=a×Δt×L
Wherein a is a temperature deformation coefficient; Δt is the variation temperature; l is the length of the main beam.
Preferably, a horizontal gap between the upper part of the inner side wall of the sleeve and the vertical sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway, the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway is delta 2, and delta 2 < d is satisfied, wherein d is the width of the expansion joint.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. In the normal use stage, the device does not play a role, the upper device is not contacted with the lower device, and the damage to the device caused by the longitudinal deformation of the beam body due to temperature change can be prevented.
2. Under the condition of multiple earthquakes, the device plays a role, the upper device is contacted with the lower device and slides upwards along a continuously gradual path, the collision effect is steadily and gradually applied to the capping beam, the instantaneous collision impact force is reduced, and meanwhile, the upper device generates certain plastic deformation and consumes a part of earthquake energy.
3. In rare earthquakes, when the horizontal displacement of the main beam reaches a preset value, the upper device is directly blocked by the top of the lower device, so that the main beam is prevented from further displacement.
4. Multiple devices can be arranged on the same bent cap according to requirements so as to achieve a better effect.
5. The device has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, convenient and quick assembly and disassembly, and the like, so the device can be used as a sacrificial structure to achieve other limit construction measures for protecting the bridge, and reduce the post-earthquake repair time and the resource cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a mounting location of the present invention on a bridge;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an upper apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the lower device assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a lower device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the maximum elevation angle of an arc segment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the second embodiment;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the second embodiment.
Wherein, 1, upper connecting steel plates; 2. a sleeve; 3. an upper connecting bolt; 4. a lower connecting steel plate; 5. a transverse bridge direction curve slideway; 6. a longitudinal bridge direction first curve slideway; 7. a longitudinal bridge direction second curve slideway; 8. a lower connecting bolt; 9. a beam falling prevention device; 10. a beam body; 11. a filler stone; 12. a support; 13. a capping beam; 14. a transverse bridge steel plate; 15. longitudinal bridge steel plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
Referring to FIGS. 1-7, the invention discloses a bridge anti-falling device with buffering effect, which comprises
The upper device is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the beam body 10;
the lower device is fixedly connected with the top end of the bent cap 13;
The upper device and the lower device are arranged up and down correspondingly, the outer diameter size of the lower device is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and a vertical gap and a horizontal gap are reserved between the bottom end of the upper device and the top end of the lower device.
Further optimizing scheme, upper portion device includes connecting steel sheet 1, goes up connecting steel sheet 1 and the roof beam body 10 and can dismantle through last connecting bolt 3 and be connected, goes up connecting steel sheet 1 bottom fixedly connected with sleeve 2, and lower part device upper end is located inside sleeve 2, leaves vertical clearance between lower part device upper end and the upper connecting steel sheet 1 bottom, between lower part device bottom and sleeve 2 bottom.
The upper connecting steel plate 1 is reserved with an upper connecting bolt hole and is fixedly connected with the beam body 10 through an upper connecting bolt 3.
Further optimizing scheme, lower part device includes down connecting steel sheet 4, and lower connecting steel sheet 4 can dismantle through connecting bolt 8 with bent cap 13 down and be connected, and 4 top fixedly connected with buffer of connecting steel sheet down, buffer's external diameter size reduces from bottom to top gradually, and buffer upper end is located sleeve 2 inside, leaves vertical clearance between buffer upper end and the last connecting steel sheet 1 bottom, between buffer bottom and sleeve 2 bottom.
The lower connecting steel plate 4 is reserved with a lower connecting bolt hole and is fixedly connected with the bent cap 13 through a lower connecting bolt 8.
Further optimizing scheme, buffer includes horizontal bridge to curve slide 5, horizontal bridge is to curve slide 5 and connect steel sheet 4 top fixed connection down, horizontal bridge is to curve slide 5 both ends setting to the arc section, the bottom fixedly connected with horizontal segment of arc section, the vertical section of top fixedly connected with of arc section, the both sides of horizontal bridge to curve slide 5 are fixedly connected with respectively and are indulged bridge to first curve slide 6 and two indulged bridge to second curve slide 7, two indulged bridge to second curve slide 7 are located respectively and indulge bridge to first curve slide 6 both sides, indulge bridge to first curve slide 6, indulge bridge to second curve slide 7 bottom and connect steel sheet 4 top fixed connection down.
Further optimizing scheme, the lateral wall of the first curve slide 6 of longitudinal bridge direction sets up to the arc section, the bottom fixedly connected with horizontal segment of arc section, the vertical section of top fixedly connected with of arc section, the lateral wall of the second curve slide 7 of longitudinal bridge direction sets up to the arc section, the bottom fixedly connected with horizontal segment of arc section.
Further optimizing scheme, sleeve 2 bottom is located horizontal bridge to curve slide 5, the first curve slide 6 of longitudinal bridge, the horizontal section top of the second curve slide 7 of longitudinal bridge, and the arc section and the vertical section of horizontal bridge to curve slide 5, the first curve slide 6 of longitudinal bridge, the second curve slide 7 of longitudinal bridge are located sleeve 2 inside.
A certain vertical distance is reserved between the top end of the vertical section and the upper connecting steel plate 1, and the horizontal section ensures that the sleeve 2 can smoothly enter the arc-shaped section. The sleeve 2 is an elliptic hollow cylinder so that the beam body can be attached to the arc-shaped section when being displaced in any direction. Reserving a certain vertical distance between the bottom of the sleeve 2 and the horizontal section prevents the device from bearing vertical load during the normal use stage of the bridge.
In a further optimized scheme, the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway 5 is formed by processing a transverse bridge-direction steel plate 14, and the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway 6 and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway 7 are formed by processing a longitudinal bridge-direction steel plate 15.
Further optimizing scheme, the arc sections of the transverse bridge direction curve slide 5, the longitudinal bridge direction first curve slide 6 and the longitudinal bridge direction second curve slide 7 are elliptic curves, the maximum elevation angle of the elliptic curves is theta, and the calculation formula of the maximum elevation angle is theta is that
Wherein alpha is the maximum acceleration of the beam body, g is the gravitational acceleration, and mu is the dynamic friction coefficient of steel materials.
The maximum elevation angle theta ensures that the sleeve 2 cannot cause shearing damage to the arc section to invade the arc section, and can be calculated according to the critical stationary state of the object on the slope.
Further optimizing scheme, reserving a horizontal gap delta 1 between the bottom end of the sleeve 2 and the bottom ends of the arc-shaped sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slide 5, the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slide 6 and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slide 7, and meeting delta 1 & gtdelta L, wherein delta L is longitudinal deformation of the main beam under the action of temperature, and the calculation formula of delta L is that
ΔL=a×Δt×L
Wherein a is a temperature deformation coefficient; Δt is the variation temperature; l is the length of the main beam.
According to a further optimization scheme, the horizontal clearance between the upper part of the inner side wall of the sleeve 2 and the vertical sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slide way 5, the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slide way 6 and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slide way 7 is delta 2, and delta 2 < d is met, wherein d is the width of an expansion joint.
The horizontal distance delta 2 can prevent the Liang Tizong bridge from moving to be larger than the width of the expansion joint so as to cause the collision of the adjacent beams.
The assembling process of the device comprises the following steps:
1. The sleeve 2 is welded with the upper connecting steel plate 1 to form an upper device.
2. The transverse steel plate 14 is processed into a transverse curved slideway 5.
3. The longitudinal steel plate 15 is processed into a longitudinal first curved slideway 6 and a longitudinal second curved slideway 7.
4. The first longitudinal bridge curve slideway 6 and the second longitudinal bridge curve slideway 7 are welded on the transverse bridge curve slideway 5.
5. The cushioning portion formed in the above steps is welded with the lower connecting steel plate 4 to form a lower device.
6. The upper connecting plate 1 is fixedly connected with the beam body 10 through an upper connecting bolt 3.
7. The lower connecting plate 4 is fixedly connected with the cover beam 13 through a lower connecting bolt 8.
The top end of the capping beam 13 is fixedly connected with a bolster 11, the top end of the bolster 11 is fixedly connected with a support 12, the top end of the support 12 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the beam body 10, the beam falling prevention device 9 is positioned between the two bolsters 11, and can move on a continuously gradual arc section through the sleeve 2 during working, and the sleeve 2 can perform certain plastic deformation during collision, so that the device has certain energy consumption capability, and is a sacrificial structure easy to replace.
Embodiment two:
Referring to fig. 8-9, the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the buffer portion does not include the second curved slideway 7 in the longitudinal bridge direction, and the bridge with small and medium span can be applied.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. Bridge beam falling prevention device with buffering effect is characterized by comprising
The upper device is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the beam body (10);
The lower device is fixedly connected with the top end of the cover beam (13);
The upper device and the lower device are arranged up and down correspondingly, the outer diameter of the lower device is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and a vertical gap and a horizontal gap are reserved between the bottom end of the upper device and the top end of the lower device;
the upper device comprises an upper connecting steel plate (1), the upper connecting steel plate (1) is detachably connected with the beam body (10) through an upper connecting bolt (3), a sleeve (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper connecting steel plate (1), the upper end of the lower device is positioned inside the sleeve (2), and a vertical gap is reserved between the upper end of the lower device and the bottom end of the upper connecting steel plate (1) and between the bottom end of the lower device and the bottom end of the sleeve (2);
The lower device comprises a lower connecting steel plate (4), the lower connecting steel plate (4) is detachably connected with the bent cap (13) through a lower connecting bolt (8), a buffer part is fixedly connected to the top end of the lower connecting steel plate (4), the outer diameter size of the buffer part is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the upper end of the buffer part is positioned in the sleeve (2), and a vertical gap is reserved between the upper end of the buffer part and the bottom end of the upper connecting steel plate (1) and between the bottom end of the buffer part and the bottom end of the sleeve (2);
The buffer part comprises a transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5), the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5) is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower connecting steel plate (4), two ends of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5) are provided with arc sections, the bottom end of each arc section is fixedly connected with a horizontal section, the top end of each arc section is fixedly connected with a vertical section, two sides of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5) are respectively fixedly connected with a longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway (6) and two longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideways (7), the two longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideways (7) are respectively positioned at two sides of the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway (6), and the bottom end of the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway (7) is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower connecting steel plate (4);
the side wall of the longitudinal bridge first curve slideway (6) is provided with an arc section, the bottom end of the arc section is fixedly connected with a horizontal section, the top end of the arc section is fixedly connected with a vertical section, the side wall of the longitudinal bridge second curve slideway (7) is provided with an arc section, and the bottom end of the arc section is fixedly connected with a horizontal section;
The bottom end of the sleeve (2) is positioned above the horizontal sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5), the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway (6) and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway (7), and the arc sections and the vertical sections of the transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5), the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway (6) and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway (7) are positioned inside the sleeve (2);
The transverse bridge-direction curve slideway (5) is formed by processing a transverse bridge-direction steel plate (14), and the longitudinal bridge-direction first curve slideway (6) and the longitudinal bridge-direction second curve slideway (7) are formed by processing a longitudinal bridge-direction steel plate (15);
the arc sections of the transverse bridge direction curve slideway (5), the longitudinal bridge direction first curve slideway (6) and the longitudinal bridge direction second curve slideway (7) are elliptic curves, the maximum elevation angle of the elliptic curves is theta, and the calculation formula of the maximum elevation angle is theta is that
Wherein alpha is the maximum acceleration of the beam body, g is the gravitational acceleration, and mu is the dynamic friction coefficient of steel materials;
A horizontal gap delta 1 is reserved between the bottom end of the sleeve (2) and the bottom end of the arc-shaped section of the transverse bridge direction curve slideway (5), the longitudinal bridge direction first curve slideway (6) and the longitudinal bridge direction second curve slideway (7), so as to satisfy delta 1 & gtdelta L, wherein delta L is longitudinal deformation of the main beam under the action of temperature, and the calculation formula of delta L is delta L=a multiplied by delta t multiplied by L
Wherein a is a temperature deformation coefficient; Δt is the variation temperature; l is the length of the main beam;
The horizontal clearance between the upper part of the inner side wall of the sleeve (2) and the vertical section of the transverse bridge direction curve slideway (5), the longitudinal bridge direction first curve slideway (6) and the longitudinal bridge direction second curve slideway (7) is delta 2, and delta 2 < d is satisfied, wherein d is the width of the expansion joint.
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CN212175456U (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-12-18 | 衡水中铁建工程橡胶有限责任公司 | Novel damping tenon and elastic-plastic anti-falling beam limiting device |
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2022
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KR20020004164A (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-16 | 김재관 | Directional Friction Pendulum Seismic Isolation System |
KR20090115350A (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-05 | (주)안풍건설 | Preveting process of falling bridge-beam and constructon there of |
CN101498120A (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2009-08-05 | 同济大学 | Shock insulation support saddle with transversal elastic-plastic anti-fall girder apparatus |
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