CN114751594B - Composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system and method thereof - Google Patents
Composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological infiltration system and a method thereof. The main packing layer is composed of upper cover baffle plates of different functional packing modules, and is respectively distributed in the first, second and third reaction units through slow-release carbon sources (biomass waste), multifunctional carbon-based materials and exogenous electron donors (goethite), so that the denitrification and dephosphorization performance and the emerging pollutant removal performance of the biological infiltration system are remarkably improved. The invention can realize synchronous denitrification and dephosphorization of non-point source and risk prevention and control of emerging pollutants, is easy to install and maintain in different scenes, and is suitable for ecological low-carbon treatment of non-point source pollution such as farmland water withdrawal, town rainwater and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of non-point source pollution control and water pollution treatment.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution reduction is important for watershed water environment improvement. The second national pollution source general investigation result shows that the total nitrogen load of the agricultural source is 141.5 ten thousand tons, the total phosphorus load is 21.2 ten thousand tons and the total nitrogen load is 67.2 percent; the agricultural non-point source pollution total nitrogen and total phosphorus load is high and the pollution is heavy. As a typical decentralized sewage treatment facility, the biological percolation system is an ecological filtering system based on matrix filter materials, microorganisms and aquatic plants, can effectively remove various pollutants in sewage through adsorption, microbial degradation, plant absorption and other processes, has the advantages of stable performance, simplicity in operation, low cost and the like, and has wide application prospects in the aspect of agricultural non-point source pollution control.
In the performance enhancement study of a biological filtration system, researchers typically employ: 1. grading various filter materials (such as biochar, ceramsite, volcanic rock and the like) (such as Chinese patent records of a half-way aeration coupled iron-carbon reinforced denitrification subsurface wetland and an operation method); 2. optimizing hydraulic conditions (such as the publication number of CN113443792A, chinese patent records of a multi-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland zero-energy sewage treatment system); 3. exogenous enhancement (aeration, electrification, etc.) (for example, the publication number is CN113845269A, the invention name is a sewage treatment device based on electrochemistry and biological filtration, the publication number is CN112390370A, and the invention name is Chinese patent description of an oxygenation composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system). The biochar has good adsorption performance, good biocompatibility and low economic cost, and is widely applied to a biological percolation system. The invention patent number 202011042086.6 discloses a biochar secondary constructed wetland system which comprises a sedimentation tank, a subsurface constructed wetland and a surface flow constructed wetland; and constructing a main filler layer by using biochar, wherein the surface artificial wetland is a composite plant bed formed by combining various vegetation. The invention patent number 201811157169.2 discloses a rainwater runoff purifying device and a rainwater runoff purifying method, integrates water collecting, water inflow, purifying and drainage systems, and combines a plant area, a compost interception area, a biochar filler area and a drainage area in series to achieve a better and more stable rainwater runoff purifying treatment effect.
The existing carbon-based biological infiltration system has a single structure, omits the contribution of hydraulic conditions to the improvement of system performance, is complex in installation, operation and maintenance, increases the cost of construction, operation and maintenance while enhancing the improvement of performance by an external source, and does not consider the in-situ removal of emerging pollutants (such as antibiotics, resistance genes and the like); because agricultural non-point source pollution has the characteristics of complexity, dispersibility, uncertainty and the like, the stable standard of the effluent cannot be ensured under the complex conditions. Therefore, there is a need to develop an economical, efficient, convenient, and ecological carbon-based bio-percolation system without increasing the floor space and the economic cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system and a method thereof from the angles of hydraulic state optimization and iron-based filter material reinforcement. The invention arranges the staggered baffle plates in the system to form baffle for the sewage flowing in, improves the hydrodynamics of the sewage, promotes the transition of the pollutant from liquid phase to filter material adsorption solid phase, and improves the treatment performance of the system. The in-situ efficient treatment and disposal of agricultural non-point source pollution are realized through process optimization and matrix filler selection.
The specific technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system, which comprises a water collection pretreatment area, a primary reaction unit, a secondary reaction unit and a tertiary reaction unit which are sequentially communicated along the water flow direction; an overflow weir is arranged between the water collection pretreatment area and the first-stage reaction unit, and water flow can overflow from the water collection pretreatment area to the first-stage reaction unit; the primary reaction unit, the secondary reaction unit and the tertiary reaction unit have the same structure and comprise a plant layer, an upper coating layer, a main filler module and a supporting layer which are communicated from top to bottom; the main filling modules comprise a plurality of functional filling modules which are vertically communicated, and adjacent functional filling modules are intercepted by a flow baffle plate to enable water flow to flow in an arc shape; the supporting layers of the first-stage reaction unit and the second-stage reaction unit are communicated through a flow guide pipe, an overflow weir is arranged between the second-stage reaction unit and the third-stage reaction unit, and a water outlet pipe for draining water is arranged at the tail end of the supporting layer of the third-stage reaction unit.
Preferably, the plant layer is one or the combination of any several of canna, typha, allium fistulosum and cane shoots with the plant height of 500-1500 mm, and the planting density is 10-20 plants/square meter.
Preferably, the upper coating layer comprises gravel, quartz sand and agricultural wastes, and the mixing mass ratio of the gravel, the quartz sand and the agricultural wastes is 5:10: (1-3); the particle sizes of the gravel and the quartz sand are 5-10 mm; the agricultural waste is one or the combination of any one of rice straw, stalk, wood dust, corn cob and sorghum stalk, and is obtained by airing, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve; the thickness of the upper coating layer is 200-400 mm.
Preferably, the functional filler module is of a cuboid structure with an open top, and the size is (500-1500) mm (150-300) mm; a plurality of holes for water flow to pass through are uniformly distributed on one side of the bottom of the functional filler module, the size of the holes is 0.5-1 mm, and the distribution density is 3-6 pieces/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The top of the functional filler module is provided with a notch for water flow to pass through by a flow baffle plate arranged in a covering way, and the width of the notch is 50-100 mm.
Preferably, the height of the main packing module of the primary reaction unit is 1000-1200 mm, and the primary reaction unit comprises a plurality of functional packing modules, wherein each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a first main packing layer capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the functional filler module in the first main filler layer is filled with a mixture of biochar and agricultural wastes, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the agricultural wastes is (5-10): 1, a step of; the biochar is formed by mixing one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, wherein the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the particle size is 1-2 mm; the agricultural waste is one or the combination of any one of rice straw, stalk, wood dust, corn cob and sorghum stalk, and is obtained by drying and crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the height of the main packing module of the secondary reaction unit is 700-900 mm, and the secondary reaction unit comprises a plurality of functional packing modules, wherein each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a second main packing layer capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the functional filler module in the second main filler layer is filled with a mixture of biochar obtained at the preparation temperature of 350-450 ℃ or 600-800 ℃, the biochar is one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, and the particle size is 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the main packing modules of the three-stage reaction unit have a height of 500-700 mm and comprise a plurality of functional packing modules, and each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a third main packing layer capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the functional filler module in the third main filler layer is filled with a mixture of biochar and goethite, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the goethite is (1-3): 1, a step of; the biochar is formed by mixing one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, wherein the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the particle size is 1-2 mm; the particle size of goethite is 2-5 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the supporting layer is 100-300 mm, and the supporting layer is prepared from cobblestones, volcanic rocks and ceramsite according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, wherein the particle sizes of cobbles, volcanic rocks and ceramsite are 10-20 mm;
preferably, in the first-stage reaction unit, the second-stage reaction unit and the third-stage reaction unit, the water level difference between the adjacent reaction units is 300-600 mm.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method by utilizing the composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system of any one of the first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
the agricultural non-point source sewage to be treated is firstly collected through a water collecting pretreatment area, the sewage is subjected to preliminary precipitation in the water collecting pretreatment area to remove large-particle impurities and part of suspended matters, and then enters a primary reaction unit from above through an overflow weir; the plant layer can actively absorb and convert nutrient substances in the sewage, and release rhizosphere secretion to promote the microbial metabolic activity of the percolation system; agricultural wastes in the upper coating are used as slow-release carbon sources, can be converted into micromolecular organic carbon under the action of microorganisms, and are used as denitrification electron donors to strengthen the denitrification effect; the main filler module of the primary reaction unit is used for enriching functional microorganisms by using a carbon-based material with high biocompatibility, and heterotrophic denitrification is completed by using a slow-release carbon source; the sewage treated by the first-stage reaction unit enters the second-stage reaction unit through the flow guide pipe; the main filler module of the secondary reaction unit takes the adsorption capacity into consideration through the grading of the multifunctional carbon-based materialThe adsorption kinetics is adopted to realize deep removal of micro pollutants in the sewage; the sewage treated by the secondary reaction unit enters a tertiary reaction unit from the upper part through an overflow weir, and the tertiary reaction unit is configured with goethite and carbon-based material colonizes iron reducing bacteria with high biocompatibility to release Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ And (3) withCoprecipitation realizes deep dephosphorization, and further realizes treatment of agricultural non-point source sewage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) According to the invention, the functional filler modules are covered with the flow baffle plates to construct the main filler layer, the staggered flow baffle plates can change the hydraulic state of sewage flowing in the system, more turbulence is formed, the mass transfer process of the pollutants from liquid to adsorption state solid phase migration is enhanced, the adsorption and interception efficiency of the filler in unit volume to the pollutants is improved, and the treatment performance of the percolation system is further improved;
2) The invention uses the abandoned biomass as a slow-release carbon source to cope with the characteristic of low carbon nitrogen ratio of agricultural non-point source sewage; the biomass of the main filler layer lifting system is constructed by using biochar with good biocompatibility, and the denitrifying bacteria colonization is promoted by the arrangement of a multifunctional partitioned anoxic zone and an anaerobic zone; in combination, the system realizes the deep denitrification of sewage by the denitrification of the carbon-based biological infiltration system through the slow release of carbon sources and the colonization strengthening of functional bacteria, is economical, efficient, green and environment-friendly, and the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen yielding water meets the surface V-type water standard of GB 3838-2002;
3) The goethite-biochar composite filler layer is constructed by adding goethite in a three-stage reaction unit; fe is led to enter a liquid phase from a solid phase by strengthening the colonization of iron-reducing bacteria by goethite, and Fe is generated 2+ /Fe 3+ And (3) withCoprecipitation, thereby realizing deep dephosphorization of sewage;
4) According to the invention, the biochar prepared at different temperatures is used for proportioning and constructing the main packing layer in the secondary reaction unit, and the absorption kinetic rate and the absorption capacity of the filter material are taken into account, so that the excessive release of the slow-release carbon source of the primary reaction unit can be coped with, and the deep removal of emerging pollutants can be realized; meanwhile, the biological effectiveness of the adsorbed pollutants can be effectively reduced through the optimization of the gap structure of the composite filler, and the environmental risks caused by desorption and biological ingestion of the pollutants are reduced;
5) The invention is provided with three groups of series reaction units, adopts the biochar and goethite with excellent adsorption performance to construct the main packing layer, can adapt to the change of the water quality and the water quantity of agricultural non-point source pollution in different seasons, has impact load resistance and ensures stable system water outlet; the main filler layer is composed of pre-packaged functional filler modules, sewage flows in the whole system by gravity migration, has the advantages of simple construction, operation and maintenance, low economic cost, environment friendliness and low carbon, and is suitable for ecological low-carbon treatment of non-point source pollution such as farmland water drainage and town rainwater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a composite carbon-based reinforced modular baffling biological percolation system provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a functional filler module structure, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a bottom view;
FIG. 3 shows COD (a) and NH (NH) of water inlet and outlet in the operation process of the embodiment 4 + -a schematic representation of the change in concentration of N (b), TN (c), TP (d);
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in concentration of sulfamethoxazole and terramycin, a novel contaminant in and out of water during the operation of the examples;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the content of biofilm protein and polysaccharide on a filter material during operation of the embodiment;
in the figure: 1-catchment pretreatment area, 2-plant layer, 3-upper coating, 4-first main packing layer, 5-supporting layer, 6-second main packing layer, 7-third main packing layer, 8-overflow weir, 9-baffle, 10-honeycomb duct, 11-outlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In order to adapt to the characteristics of large fluctuation, low carbon-nitrogen ratio, dispersibility, complexity and the like of the water quality and the water quantity of agricultural non-point source sewage, the invention provides a composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological infiltration system, which mainly comprises a water collection pretreatment area 1, a primary reaction unit, a secondary reaction unit and a tertiary reaction unit, as shown in figure 1, wherein the water collection pretreatment area 1, the primary reaction unit, the secondary reaction unit and the tertiary reaction unit are respectively communicated in sequence in the water flow direction. An overflow weir 8 is arranged between the water collection pretreatment area 1 and the primary reaction unit, and water flow can overflow from the water collection pretreatment area 1 to the primary reaction unit. The first-stage reaction unit, the second-stage reaction unit and the third-stage reaction unit have the same structure, and the difference is that the functional filler compositions of the main filler layers are different. The reaction systems of all levels are a plant layer 2, an upper coating layer 3, a main filling module and a supporting layer 5 which are communicated from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the main filling module comprises a plurality of functional filling modules which are vertically communicated, and adjacent functional filling modules intercept through a flow baffle 9 to enable water flow to flow in an arc shape between the functional filling modules. The structure not only ensures the timely maintenance and replacement of the main packing layer, but also is beneficial to optimizing the hydraulic condition of sewage in the system, avoiding the formation of short flow, simultaneously leading the inflow sewage to form baffling, strengthening the transition of the hydrodynamic state from laminar flow to turbulent flow, promoting the transition of pollutants from liquid phase to filter material adsorption solid phase, and improving the adsorption filtration efficiency of filter material in unit volume.
The first-stage reaction unit is communicated with the supporting layer 5 of the second-stage reaction unit through a flow guide pipe 10, an overflow weir 8 is arranged between the second-stage reaction unit and the third-stage reaction unit, and a water outlet pipe 11 for draining water is arranged at the tail end of the supporting layer 5 of the third-stage reaction unit.
In practical application, the function of the water collection pretreatment area 1 is mainly to collect agricultural non-point source sewage and perform preliminary precipitation on the sewage so as to remove large-particle impurities and part of SS. The depth of the pool body of the water collection pretreatment area 1 is 500-1000 mm, and the specific size can be reasonably adjusted according to the sewage quantity and the land. The plant layer 2 is one or the combination of any several of canna, typha, allium fistulosum and cane shoot with the plant height of 500-1500 mm, and the planting density is 10-20 plants per square meter; plants can be reasonably configured according to the environmental climate characteristics and the landscape requirements. The upper coating 3 is a combination of gravel, quartz sand and agricultural wastes, and the mass ratio is 5:10: (1-3). Wherein the particle size of the gravel and the quartz sand is 5-10 mm; the agricultural waste is one or the combination of any of rice straw, stalk, wood dust, corn cob, sorghum stalk, etc., and is obtained by drying, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve. The thickness of the upper cladding layer 3 is 200-400 mm. The added agricultural waste is used as a slow-release carbon source, is converted into micromolecular organic carbon under the action of microorganisms, improves the denitrification capacity of the system, and can adjust the adding ratio of the agricultural waste according to the actual sewage quality.
As shown in fig. 2, the functional filler module has a cuboid structure with an open top, the size is (500-1500) mm× (150-300) mm, and the specific size can be adjusted according to practical situations. A plurality of holes for water flow to pass through are uniformly distributed on one side of the bottom of the functional filler module, the size of the holes is 0.5-1 mm, and the distribution density is 3-6 pieces/cm 2 . The functional filler module is formed by encapsulating functional fillers with the thickness of 10-15 mm by using an organic glass plate, a notch for water flow to pass through is reserved on the top of the functional filler module through a flow baffle 9 which is covered, the width of the notch is 50-100 mm, and the thickness of the upper cover flow baffle is 10-15 mm. The purpose of setting up the baffle is to change the hydraulic state that sewage flows in the system, forms more turbulences, strengthens the mass transfer process that the pollutant moved from liquid phase to adsorption state solid phase, promotes the absorption entrapment efficiency of unit volume packing to the pollutant, and then promotes the treatment performance of filtration system.
In practical application, the height of the main packing module of the primary reaction unit is 1000-1200 mm, and the primary reaction unit comprises a plurality of functional packing modules (five functional packing modules are shown in fig. 1), and each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a first main packing layer 4 capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape. The functional filler modules in the first main filler layer 4 are filled with a mixture of biochar and agricultural wastes, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the agricultural wastes is (5-10): 1. the biochar is formed by mixing one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, wherein the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the particle size is 1-2 mm. The agricultural waste is one or the combination of any one of rice straw, stalk, wood dust, corn cob and sorghum stalk, and is obtained by drying and crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve.
The height of the main packing module of the secondary reaction unit is 700-900 mm, and the secondary reaction unit comprises a plurality of functional packing modules (four as shown in fig. 1), wherein each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a second main packing layer 6 capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape. The filler filled in the functional filler module in the second main filler layer 6 is a mixture of biochar obtained at two preparation temperatures of 350-450 ℃ and 600-800 ℃ respectively. The biochar is one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, and the particle size is 1-2 mm. The biochar with different preparation temperatures can ensure that the filler layer has both adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics, can cope with excessive release of the slow-release carbon source of the primary reaction unit, and can improve the removal capability of emerging pollutants; meanwhile, the pore size distribution of the filler is optimized, the bioavailability of the adsorbed pollutant is reduced, and the environmental risks caused by desorption and biological uptake of the pollutant are relieved.
The main packing modules of the three-stage reaction unit have the height of 500-700 mm and comprise a plurality of functional packing modules (three functional packing modules are shown in figure 1), and each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a third main packing layer 7 capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the functional filler module in the third main filler layer 7 is filled with a mixture of biochar and goethite, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the goethite is (1-3): 1, a step of; the biochar is formed by mixing one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, wherein the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the particle size is 1-2 mm; the particle size of goethite is 2-5 mm. The goethite addition ratio can be adjusted according to the actual sewage quality; the purpose of adding goethite is to enrich iron-reducing bacteria and release Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ And (3) withCoprecipitation dephosphorization, and goethite itself can also be used as a dephosphorization agent; biochar prepared at high temperatureHas stronger aromaticity and can be used as an electron shuttle to promote reduction reaction of the iron oxide.
The thickness of the supporting layer 5 is 100-300 mm, and the supporting layer is prepared from cobblestones, volcanic rocks and ceramsite according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, wherein the particle sizes of cobbles, volcanic rocks and ceramsite are 10-20 mm; in the first-stage reaction unit, the second-stage reaction unit and the third-stage reaction unit, the water level height difference between the adjacent reaction units is 300-600 mm, so that water flow can flow automatically under the action of gravity and water level drop.
In order to avoid the loss of the filling materials filled in each functional filling material module along with water flow, a double-layer 40-80-mesh polyethylene nylon net can be arranged at the bottom of the functional filling material module so as to intercept the filling materials.
Examples
In this example, laboratory simulations were performed on agricultural non-point source paddy field drainage treatment in Jiaxing, zhejiang. Based on the local hydrologic water quality data and related rice field drainage treatment literature, initially determining the inferior V class, COD,TN and TP average concentrations were 80, 5, 10 and 1mg/L, respectively. The laboratory reactor configuration adopts the composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffled biological percolation system provided by the invention, and the main body configuration of the device is shown in the above, and is not repeated here.
Specifically, the main unit volume of the infiltration system is 60L, the treatment capacity is 5L/h, and the specification is 600X 200X 600mm organic glass container. The heights of the reaction systems of all stages are 600mm, 500mm and 400mm respectively. The plant layer is typha, calamus and reed purchased in market, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 . The upper coating layer is composed of evenly mixed sand and wood dust, and the mass ratio is 5:1, the grain diameter is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the upper coating layer is 100mm. The functional filler module size in this example is 195mm by 200mm by 100mm; the baffle plate is a polypropylene plate with 170mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 5mm, and the gap size is 25mm. The functional filler of the main filler layer of the primary reaction unit is prepared from coconut shell charcoal and wood dust at 400 ℃ according to a mass ratio of 5:1 are uniformly mixed to form the coating with the thickness of400mm. The supporting layer is formed by cobblestones with the particle size of 3-5 mm and ceramsite according to the mass ratio of 1:1 are uniformly mixed. 1. The number of the secondary reaction units is 4Is arranged at intervals of 35mm. The functional filler of the main filler layer of the secondary reaction unit is coconut shell biochar prepared from 400 and 700 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the materials are uniformly mixed, the grain diameter is 1-2 mm, and the thickness is 300mm. The functional filler of the main filler layer of the three-stage reaction unit is prepared by uniformly mixing 3-5 mm goethite purchased in the market and coconut shell biochar (with the particle size of 1-2 mm) prepared at the temperature of 700 ℃. 2. And a 70mm high overflow weir is arranged between the three-stage reaction units. The three-stage reaction unit is provided with 3 pieces of ∈>Is arranged at the bottom of the water tank.
The operation process of the composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological infiltration system for treating and simulating agricultural non-point source sewage is as follows: the continuous water inlet mode is adopted, the reactor is operated for 90 days, and the first stage is as follows: 0-30 days, the water inflow is 5L/h, COD,TN and TP average concentrations are respectively 80, 5, 10 and 1mg/L, and simulate the normal period; and a second stage: for 30-40 days, the inflow rate is 5L/h, COD and +>TN and TP average concentrations are 120, 10, 15 and 1.5mg/L respectively, and the fertilization period is simulated; and a third stage: for 40-75 days, the inflow rate is 10L/h, COD and +>TN and TP average concentrations are respectively 100, 8, 13 and 1.3mg/L, and the flood season is simulated; fourth stage: 75-90 days, the water inflow rate is 3L/h, COD and +>TN, TP FlatThe average concentration is 60, 3, 8 and 0.6mg/L respectively, and the dry period is simulated.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological percolation system, the COD removal rate in four stages is kept above 90.1%, and the COD of the effluent is kept below 20 mg/L; four stagesThe removal rate is kept above 91.4%, and the water is discharged +.>Kept below 1.0 mg/L; the TN removal rate in four stages is kept above 83.6%, and the TN of the effluent is kept below 1.9 mg/L; the TP removal rate in four stages is kept above 70%, and the TP of the effluent is kept below 0.35 mg/L. The system has good performance of decarbonization, denitrification and dephosphorization, and the yielding water stably meets the requirements of GB3838-2002 surface V-type water. Meanwhile, the system has stable water outlet in four stages (normal stage, fertilization stage, flood stage and dead water stage) and has no large fluctuation, so that the system has good load impact resistance.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to explore the removal performance of the system for novel pollutants, antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and terramycin (OTC) are added into simulated water, under the conditions that the concentration of the water is 400-800 and the concentration of the water is 200-400 ug/L respectively, the removal rate of the system for SMX and OTC can reach more than 95%, and the removal rate of the water is lower than 20ug/L, which indicates that the system still can keep excellent removal performance for novel pollutants, can effectively block the migration of novel pollutants in agricultural non-point source pollution and reduce the ecological environment risk brought by the same.
As shown in figure 5, in the running process of the system, the biomass of the attached biological film on the filter material continuously and steadily increases, which indicates that the system can effectively colonise microorganisms by adopting the biological carbon with good biocompatibility, gradually form the functional biological film, endow the functional biological film with good biological activity and promote the biological carbon reduction denitrification and long-term stable running.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method using the composite carbon-based reinforced modularized baffling biological infiltration system is characterized by comprising a water collection pretreatment area (1), a primary reaction unit, a secondary reaction unit and a tertiary reaction unit which are sequentially communicated along the water flow direction; an overflow weir (8) is arranged between the water collection pretreatment area (1) and the primary reaction unit, and water flow can overflow from the water collection pretreatment area (1) to the primary reaction unit; the primary reaction unit, the secondary reaction unit and the tertiary reaction unit have the same structure and comprise a plant layer (2), an upper coating layer (3), a main filler module and a supporting layer (5) which are communicated from top to bottom; the main filling modules comprise a plurality of functional filling modules which are vertically communicated, and adjacent functional filling modules intercept through a flow baffle (9) to enable water flow to flow in an arc shape; the first-stage reaction unit is communicated with the supporting layer (5) of the second-stage reaction unit through a flow guide pipe (10), an overflow weir (8) is arranged between the second-stage reaction unit and the third-stage reaction unit, and a water outlet pipe (11) for draining water is arranged at the tail end of the supporting layer (5) of the third-stage reaction unit;
the agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
the agricultural non-point source sewage to be treated is firstly collected through a water collecting pretreatment area (1), the sewage is preliminarily precipitated in the water collecting pretreatment area (1) to remove large-particle impurities and part of suspended matters, and then enters a primary reaction unit from the upper part through an overflow weir (8); the plant layer (2) can actively absorb and convert nutrient substances in the sewage, and release rhizosphere secretion to promote the microbial metabolic activity of the percolation system; agricultural wastes in the upper coating layer (3) are used as slow-release carbon sources, can be converted into micromolecular organic carbon under the action of microorganisms, and are used as denitrification electron donors to strengthen the denitrification effect; main packing module of primary reaction unitEnriching functional microorganisms by using a carbon-based material with high biocompatibility, and completing heterotrophic denitrification by using a slow-release carbon source; the sewage treated by the primary reaction unit enters the secondary reaction unit through a flow guide pipe (10); the main filler module of the secondary reaction unit realizes deep removal of micro pollutants in sewage by grading of a multifunctional carbon-based material and considering adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics; the sewage treated by the secondary reaction unit enters the tertiary reaction unit from the upper part through an overflow weir (8), and a main filler module of the tertiary reaction unit is configured with goethite and carbon-based material colonisation iron reducing bacteria with high biocompatibility to release Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ With PO (PO) 4 3- Co-precipitation, deep dephosphorization is realized, and further agricultural non-point source sewage treatment is realized;
the height of the main packing module of the primary reaction unit is 1000-1200 mm, and the primary reaction unit comprises a plurality of functional packing modules, wherein each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a first main packing layer (4) capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the functional filler module in the first main filler layer (4) is filled with a mixture of biochar and agricultural wastes, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the agricultural wastes is (5-10): 1, a step of; the biochar is formed by mixing one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, wherein the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the particle size is 1-2 mm; the agricultural waste is one or the combination of any one of rice straw, stalk, wood dust, corn cob and sorghum stalk, and is obtained by airing, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve;
the height of the main packing module of the secondary reaction unit is 700-900 mm, and the secondary reaction unit comprises a plurality of functional packing modules, wherein each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a second main packing layer (6) capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the functional filler module in the second main filler layer (6) is filled with a mixture of biochar obtained at two preparation temperatures of 350-450 ℃ or 600-800 ℃, the biochar is one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, and the particle size is 1-2 mm;
the main packing modules of the three-stage reaction unit are 500-700 mm in height and comprise a plurality of functional packing modules, and each functional packing module is sequentially communicated from top to bottom and jointly forms a third main packing layer (7) capable of enabling water flow to flow in an arc shape; the filler filled in the functional filler module in the third main filler layer (7) is a mixture of biochar and goethite, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the goethite is (1-3): 1, a step of; the biochar is formed by mixing one or more of wood biochar, straw biochar and shell biochar, wherein the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the particle size is 1-2 mm; the particle size of goethite is 2-5 mm.
2. The agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the plant layer (2) is one or a combination of more than one of canna, typha, allium fistulosum and cane shoots with a plant height of 500-1500 mm, and the planting density is 10-20 plants/square meter.
3. The agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the upper coating layer (3) comprises gravel, quartz sand and agricultural waste, and the mixing mass ratio of the gravel, the quartz sand and the agricultural waste is 5:10: (1-3); the particle sizes of the gravel and the quartz sand are 5-10 mm; the agricultural waste is one or the combination of any one of rice straw, stalk, wood dust, corn cob and sorghum stalk, and is obtained by airing, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve; the thickness of the upper coating layer (3) is 200-400 mm.
4. The agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the functional filler module is of a cuboid structure with an open top, and the dimension is (500-1500) mm× (150-300) mm; a plurality of holes for water flow to pass through are uniformly distributed on one side of the bottom of the functional filler module, the size of the holes is 0.5-1 mm, and the distribution density is 3-6 pieces/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A gap for water flow to pass through is reserved at the top of the functional filler module through a flow baffle (9) arranged in a covering mode, and the width of the gap is 50-100 mm.
5. The agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the supporting layer (5) is 100-300 mm, and the supporting layer is prepared from cobblestones, volcanic rocks and ceramsite according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1, wherein the particle sizes of cobbles, volcanic rocks and ceramsite are all 10-20 mm.
6. The agricultural non-point source sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the water level difference between adjacent reaction units among the primary reaction unit, the secondary reaction unit and the tertiary reaction unit is 300-600 mm.
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